Odorants in Fish Feeds: A Potential Source of Malodors in Aquaculture

Mahmoud M, Tybussek T, Loos H, Wagenstaller M, Büttner A (2018)


Publication Status: Published

Publication Type: Journal article

Publication year: 2018

Journal

Publisher: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

Book Volume: 6

DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00241

Abstract

Although the microbiota is considered to be the primary source of off-flavors in farmed fish, there is a lack of information about the possible contribution of feeds to fish malodor. For this reason, the current study was designed to perform comprehensive sensory and chemo-analytical characterization of fish feed constituents that can impact the quality of farmed fish, and to determine whether feeds cause malodor accumulation in fish. To this aim, odorants in four commercial fish feeds were extracted using solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and characterized by comparative aroma extract dilution analysis (cAEDA) and multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (MD-GC-MS/O). The odorants in the fish feed samples were correlated with their respective sensory and fatty acid profiles. The cAEDA studies revealed the presence of 81 odorants of which 55 compounds were common to all the samples. Most of these odorants are identified here for the first time in fish feeds, and include skatole, indole, (E,Z,Z)-2,4,7-tridecatrienal, 4-ethyloctanoic acid, and cresols. Additionally, geosmin and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, known for their contribution to fish taint, and other cyanobacterial by-products, dimethyldisulfide and dimethyltrisulfide, were identified in feed samples. The results suggest that fish feed may contribute to fish malodor. Most of these off-flavors were linked to lipid source (fish oil or plant/lard alternatives), unsaturated fatty acids contents, and protein type (plant-based or fishmeal-based sources) in the feed.

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How to cite

APA:

Mahmoud, M., Tybussek, T., Loos, H., Wagenstaller, M., & Büttner, A. (2018). Odorants in Fish Feeds: A Potential Source of Malodors in Aquaculture. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00241

MLA:

Mahmoud, Mohamed, et al. "Odorants in Fish Feeds: A Potential Source of Malodors in Aquaculture." Frontiers in Chemistry 6 (2018).

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