Continuous simulation of system-level automotive EMC problems - Neumayer, Roland; Stelzer, Andreas; Haslinger, Friedrich; Held, J.; Schinco, F.; Weigel, Robert (IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2003)
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are increasingly important to the automotive industry. Potential EMC problems arise from the growing use of electronic systems on the one hand and the lack of flexibility in placement or design of electronic modules on the other hand. In this paper we present a continuous EMC simulation process based on the exchange of EMC models between car manufacturer, electronic supplier and IC developer as applied to a general automotive application. The described process fundamentally influences the introduction of new technologies in automobiles by cutting the risk of EMC-failure and avoiding expensive and time-consuming redesigns.
elib2cris::1512001600,neumayer2003e

Continuous Steganographic Data Transmission Using Uncompressed Audio - Neubauer, Christian; Herre, Jürgen; Brandenburg, Karlheinz (Proceedings of the Second International Information Hiding Workshop, 1998)
herre_papers_audio_watermarking

Continuous System-Level Modeling and Simulation Process for Early EMC Design of Automotive Applications - Neumayer, Roland; Haslinger, Friedrich; Weigel, Robert (International Symposium on Theoretical Electrical Engineering, 2003)
An early detection of potential EMC problems in the development process of new automobiles is becoming increasingly important to the car industry. In this paper a continuous EMC simulation process based on the exchange of EMC behavior models between car manufacturer, electronic supplier and IC developer is presented. The described process fundamentally influences the introduction of new technologies in automobiles by cutting the risk of EMC failure and avoiding expensive and time-consuming redesigns.
elib2cris::1512001600,neumayer2003d

Contributions to Digital Predistortion of Radio-Frequency Power Amplifiers for Wirless Applications - Yu, Xin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012)

Correcting nonlinearity and temperature influence of sensors through B-Spline modeling - Blümm, Christian; Weiß, Roland; Brenk, Daniel; Weigel, Robert (IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2010)
A major problem of almost all types of industrial sensors is their nonlinear characteristics. Coming from the sensors' inherent physical peculiarities, nonlinearity can cause severe systematic measurement inaccuracy. As a countermeasure, the numerical technique of B-spline interpolation has been adapted to the field of electrical measuring. A great benefit of this method is the ability to correct even more than sensor nonlinearity. With a simple extension of this technique, the elimination of systematic external influences, such as the effect of temperature, is possible up to a high degree. In experiments with a GMR-based current sensor and a low-cost FPGA as digital platform, a measurement accuracy of 0.25% for current values up to ± 100A in a temperature range from -20°C to 80°C had been achieved.
elib2cris::1512001600,bluemm2010
Keywords: Current measurement; Interpolation; Mathematical model; Spline; Temperature measurement; Temperature sensors; B-spline modeling; industrial sensors; systematic measurement inaccuracy; temperature influence

Correcting the Output Conductance for Self-Heating in InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs - Weiß, Oliver; Baureis, Paul; Kellmann, Nikolai; Weber, Norbert; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2006)
Two methods to correct the output characteristics of a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) for self-heating, which especially suit material systems with low thermal conductivity and high temperature dependence of the current gain, are presented. The first and more conventional approach uses direct measurements of dc parameters (thermal conductivity and the temperature dependence of the current gain). The second method is based on measurements of small-signal parameters. Both procedures are applied to measurements on InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs. These methods result in reconstructed output characteristics that show a temperature-independent behavior and little gradient in the linear region. The methods presented in this paper may be used to investigate the electric field distribution and the avalanche currents of transistors with low thermal conductivity and high temperature dependence of the current gain
elib2cris::1512001600,weiss2006a

Co-simulation and Co-design of Chip-Package-Board Interfaces in Highly-Integrated RF Systems - Issakov, Vadim; Wojnowski, Maciej; Knapp, Herbert; Trotta, Saverio; Forstner, Hans-Peter; Pressel, Klaus; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta (IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM), 2016)
The level of integration for RF and mm-wave systems is continuously increasing. Highly-integrated system on chip solutions have to be encapsulated in a package and assembled on a board. In addition, to be more attractive as a product, the trend goes towards further integration of passives and antennas in a package. This drives the system in package solutions. However, electrical properties of the package and board may have a significant effect on system parameters, especially at high frequencies. Hence, layout features of package and board must be carefully modelled and considered during the design. Furthermore, it is often insufficient to model chip, package and board separately, as some high-frequency effects may not be captured. An example is electromagnetic coupling between integrated coils on chip and routing traces in package. In this paper we describe considerations on co-simulation and co-design of highlyintegrated RF systems by means of accurate electromagnetic modelling. We demonstrate the approach and various aspects of chip-package-board co-design based on examples of systems for various applications: 6 GHz VCO using embedded inductor; backhaul communication system in package for V-band and Eband and a four-channel 77 GHz automotive radar transceiver in a package with four dipole antennas.
elib2cris::1512001600,issakov2016

Co-Simulation of SPICE Netlists and VHDL-AMS IC Models - Frank, Florian (International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Zurich), 2007, Munich, Germany, 2007)
elib2cris::1512001600,frank2007a

Co-Simulation of SPICE Netlists and VHDL-AMS Models via a Simulator Interface - Frank, Florian; Weigel, Robert (International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, 2007. ISSSE '07, 2007)
This paper addresses a method for simulator coupling allowing a transient time simulation of SPICE and the mixed-signal language VHDL-AMS within one simulation process. To this end, an interface between the two simulators SLSim and SMASH has been developed that links the slave simulator to the master process during runtime. Both simulator cores work independently of each other and the synchronization, which means data exchange, is done at adaptively calculated points in time. Since a mixed-signal simulator consists of an analog and a logic algorithm which are stepped independently through time, synchronization not only means data exchange between the both simulators, but also data exchange between the analog and the logic part of the VHDL-AMS simulator. Due to that, special attention has to be given to the synchronization mechanisms of the simulator interface. The functionality of the co-simulation will be shown by using examples from the field of automotive EMC simulation.
elib2cris::1512001600,frank2007
Keywords: VHDL-AMS; SPICE; automotive EMC simulation; circuit simulation

Cost-Effective SIW Band-Pass Filters for Millimeter Wave Applications - A method to combine low tolerances and low prices on standard pcb substrates - Röhrl, Franz Xaver; Sammer, Roman; Jakob, Johannes; Bogner, Werner; Weigel, Robert; Hassel, Uwe; Zorn, Stefan (European Microwave Conference, 2017)
The fabrication of passive RF structures in the millimeter wave frequency range with conventional printed circuit technology is subjected to some disadvantages (available design rules, dimensional accuracy and tolerances) compared to ceramic circuit carriers. The here presented SPE (sequential pre etching) process technology allows a significant reduction of these disadvantages, without diminishing the robustness of the PCB against environmental influences (IPC-A-600 class 3). The tolerance of the up to now dominating etching process is reduced from ±15 μm (at a copper height of 35 μm) to ±5 μm (at a copper height of 15 μm). For filters the new technology provides two benefits. Due to the lower copper thickness, the permitted design rules are significantly improved (line/space 50/50 μm at all layers – even at electroplated copper layers). Therefore structures with minimized dimensions can be realized. In addition the reduced etching tolerance allows fabricating filters with accurate and constant filter edges. In order to demonstrate the advantages, a high-slope SIW (substrate integrated waveguide) band-pass filter in the V-Band is presented. It is shown how the characteristic and tolerances of the filter are changed positively by the SPE technology.
Keywords: band-pass filter (BPF); substrate integrated waveguide (SIW); low loss substrate; impedance controlled PCB; signal integrity; millimeter wave; sequential pre etching (SPE)

Cost-Efficient Baseband DPD for Hybrid MIMO Systems with Shallow Learning Artificial Neural Networks - Jueschke, Patrick; Stedile-Ribeiro, Thales; Fischer, Georg (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2022)
Enhancing power efficiency and bandwidth of RF power amplifiers (PAs) is always a challenge for future mobile basestation transceivers. Linearization, most commonly as a digital predistortion system (DPD), is essential to enhance power efficiency of individual transmit paths. Especially massive MIMO systems for 5G applications and beyond with multiple transmit paths and PAs are challenging in respect of implementation effort and resource costs. An individual signal processing block for each transmit path is a possible but costly solution. This work shows different solutions for a cost efficient design of a DPD system for hybrid multi-user mMIMO applications with artificial neural networks (ANNs).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-09-30
Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); Digital Predistortion (DPD); Hybrid mMIMO; Shared Feedback Path

Cost-Efficient Baseband DPD for Hybrid MIMO Systems with Shallow. Learning Artificial Neural Networks - Jüschke, Patrick; Stedile Ribeiro, Thales; Fischer, Georg (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2022)
Enhancing power efficiency and bandwidth of RF power amplifiers (PAs) is always a challenge for future mobile basestation transceivers. Linearization, most commonly as a digital predistortion system (DPD), is essential to enhance power efficiency of individual transmit paths. Especially massive MIMO systems for 5G applications and beyond with multiple transmit paths and PAs are challenging in respect of implementation effort and resource costs. An individual signal processing block for each transmit path is a possible but costly solution. This work shows different solutions for a cost efficient design of a DPD system for hybrid multi-user mMIMO applications with artificial neural networks (ANNs).<br
Keywords: Hybrid mMIMO; Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); Digital Predistortion (DPD); Shared Feedback Path

Cost-Efficient Real-Time Adaptive Location Tracking With Interacting Multiple Transition Model for Implantable Medical Device - Dmitrieva, Daria; Anzai, Daisuke; Kirchner, Jens; Fischer, Georg; Wang, Jianqing (IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, 2023)
One of the main tasks connected with implantable medical devices, such as wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) is location tracking of a capsule moving inside a human body. To improve the localization accuracy in a real situation, a transition model to describe the capsule movement inside the body should be appropriately considered, where the trajectory segments are composed of different movement models. In this paper, in addition to the conventional random way point model, we constructed an interacting multiple model (IMM), which is a combination of two different movements to represent suitable WCE movement. Then, we proposed a combined extended Kalman and particle filter method with respect to the balance between the accuracy and computational cost for realizing precise real-time WCE location tracking. Compared with conventional tracking methods, the proposed tracking location method with the IMM transition model achieved 30% better estimation accuracy and 98% lower computational cost.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-12-09
Keywords: Adaptation models; Biological system modeling; Computational modeling; Estimation; Implantable medical devices; kalman filter; location tracking; nonlinear dynamic systems; particle filters; Radio frequency; Real-time systems; Tracking

Coupling Filter Design for Data Transmission in an Inductive Power Transfer Systems - Trautmann, Martin; Sanftl, Benedikt; Pflaum, Felix; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (Integration of Sustainable Energy Conference, 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,trautmann2016a

Coupling-of-modes analysis of SAW-Multistrip Coupler - Weigel, Robert; Scholl, Gerd; Russer, Peter (Proc. of 9th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, 1993)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel1993f

C-PMSE – Signal detection & scanning network - Brendel, Johannes (Öffentlicher Workshop des C-PMSE Projekts, 2011)
elib2cris::1512001600,brendel2011

Cross-Layer Simulation Analysis of a High-Precision Radiolocation System - Mosshammer, Ralf (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)

Crosstalk in Circular Arrays of Magnetic Sensors for Current Measurement - Weiss, Roland; Makuch, Rory; Itzke, Alexander; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017)
elib2cris::1512001600,itzke2016

Crosstalk in Elliptical Sensor Arrays for Current Measurement - Zapf, Florian; Weiss, Roland; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2022)
Contactless current sensors that use arrays of magnetic field sensors are a good alternative to core-based current sensors because the omission of the magnetic core offers many advantages. Particularly, circular sensor arrays have proven to feature good robustness against various error sources. As rectangular bus bars are frequently used for local high-current power distribution systems, elliptic arrays would require less space than circular arrays. Up until now, no publication on magnetic interference errors of elliptic sensor arrays has been presented. This article examines the crosstalk error for different sensor distribution methods, aspect ratios, numbers of sensors, and offset angles with calculations and measurements. Therefore, an interference conductor is positioned at different angles and distances relative to the elliptic arrays. We show that the crosstalk error can be reduced with our elliptic designs in comparison to a circular design with an equal number of sensors and an equal length of the semimajor axis. The projection distribution typically offers a five times smaller crosstalk error compared to the uniform curve segment length distribution. To support the design of elliptical arrays, instructions for the optimization against interference errors for elliptic sensor arrays are given in this article. Thus, an optimal offset angle for the reduction of the crosstalk error is presented.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-04-29

Current Measurement of Flat Conductors with a Circular Array of Magnetic Sensors - Weiss, Roland; Itzke, Alexander; Weigel, Robert (2017)
Keywords: Sensor arrays; fluxgate sensors; flat conductor measurement; current sensing

Current Regulator with Energy Limitation in the Unpowered State Featuring Bipolar Discharge Path - Easwaran, Sri Navaneethakrishnan; Venugopal, Sunil Kashyap; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM), 2016)
A new technique for limiting the surge current during short to battery in the unpowered state of low side driver is presented. This technique does not affect the main current regulation behavior in the powered state. The energy is limited to 28 micron Joules in the unpowered state and regulates the current to 3A in the powered state of the driver.
elib2cris::1512001600,easwaran2016

Current Status and Future Trends of Microacoustic Technology for Mobile Communications, Wireless Local Area Networks, and Radio Sensor Systems - Weigel, Robert (EXPO World Microtechnologies Congress, 2000)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel2000

Das ATM-Pilotprojekt Linz - Springer, Andreas; Buchner, E.; Weigel, Robert (Informationstagung Mikroelektronik, 1997)
elib2cris::1512001600,springer1997a

Das Current Mode Konzept - Denken in Stroemen - Weigel, Robert; Koca, Özhan (Workshop Analogschaltungen, 2005)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel2005a

Data-driven Radar Processing Using a Parametric Convolutional Neural Network for Human Activity Classification - Stadelmayer, Thomas; Santra, Avik; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021)
The paper proposes a data-driven pre-processing optimization for radar data using a parametric convolutional neural network. The proposed method is applied on human activity classification as a use case. Present radar-based activity recognition system exploit micro-Doppler signature by generating Doppler spectrograms or a temporal series of range-Doppler maps, followed by deep neural networks or machine learning approaches for classification. Those radar data representations are typically generated on the basis of short-time Fourier transformations. A Fourier transformation equally resolves the frequency space, which may be sub-optimal in some applications. Although deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have been shown to implicitly learn features from raw sensor data in other fields, such as speech recognition, yet, for the case of radar-based DCNNs, pre-processing is required to develop a scalable and robust classification or regression application. In this paper, we propose a parametric convolutional neural network that mimics the radar pre-processing across fast-time and slow-time radar data through 2D sinc filter or 2D wavelet filter kernels to extract features for classification of various human activities. During training only the filter parameters of the 2D sinc filters or 2D wavelets are learned, leading to optimized feature representation for the classification task. It is demonstrated that our proposed solution shows improved results compared to equivalent DCNN architectures that rely on Doppler spectrograms or radar data cubes as input data.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-27
Keywords: 2D Sinc Filters; 2D Wavelets; Chirp; Deep Learning; Doppler effect; Doppler radar; Feature extraction; Human Activity Classification; Parametric CNN; Radar; Sensors; Spectrogram

Data Set of Channel Simulations of an Urban Platooning Scene at the 'Leipziger Platz' at the City Center of Berlin - Lübke, Maximilian; Hamoud, Hussein (2021)
This archive contains simulation data corresponding to platoon simulation at the "Leipziger Platz" in the city center of Berlin at 60 GHz. Two platoons of 10 vehicles each drive towards each other. The cars/trucks of the lower platoon act as transmitters, the vehicles of the upper platoon have each receiving antennas mounted at 0.5m at the front bumper. Two antenna setups were evaluated: one omnidirectional pattern as well as one additional antenna whose pattern is shown in detail in the director

Dauerstrich-Radarverfahren zur berührungslosen Detektion menschlicher Vitalparameter im 24-GHz-ISM-Band - Michler, Fabian (Dr. Hut Verlag, 2022)

DC-Offset Compensation of a 77GHz Monostatic FMCW-Radar Transceiver for Automotive Application. - Günther, Oliver; Steinbuch, Dirk; Brüggemann, Oliver; Jäger, Herbert; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,guenther2008

Dead Reckoning as Backup for DGPS-Systems in Agriculture - Muhr, Thomas; Auernhammer, Hermann; Demmel, Markus; Seebauer, C.; Weigel, Robert (Proc. Annual International ASAE Meeting, 1995)
elib2cris::1512001600,muhr1995

Decision feedback equalization in the context of enhanced high rate mobile communications systems - based on the concept of SC/FDE - Witschnig, Harald; Weigel, Robert (15th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2004)
Although nonlinear equalizer structures seem to be a well developed theory, these equalizer structures are rarely investigated in an overall system approach. It is the topic of this paper to point out that it is inevitable to characterize decision feedback equalizer structures (DFE) in the context of channel characteristics, error propagation and implementation effort before talking of performance gain compared to linear equalizer structures. In particular DFE is characterized in the context of antenna diversity and channel coding as these techniques are indispensable for future high rate wireless communications systems. Only this overall system approach allows a reliable statement concerning the expected performance gain due to different equalizer strategies. The simulation results in this work are based on a single carrier system with frequency domain equalization (SC/FDE), as this concept allows an advantageous combination of feedforward frequency domain equalization and feedback equalization in the time domain, combining low signal processing complexity and powerful equalization. The simulation parameters are adapted to the parameters of the IEEE 802.11a standard.
elib2cris::1512001600,witschnig2004b
Keywords: IEEE standards; channel coding; decision feedback equalisers; diversity reception; feedforward; mobile radio; wireless LAN; DFE; IEEE 802.11a standard; SC/FDE; antenna diversity; channel coding; decision feedback equalization; enhanced high rate mobile communications systems; feedforward frequency domain equalization; mobile radio communications; time domain feedback; Antennas and propagation; Channel coding; Context; Decision feedback equalizers; Diversity reception; Frequency domain analysis; Mobile communication; Performance gain; Signal processing; Wireless communication

Decision-Theoretic Communication Standard Recognition in the European 868 MHz Band - Kuba, Matthias; Ronge, Karlheinz; Weigel, Robert (Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, 2011)
In smart grid applications, a reliable communication infrastructure is crucial to allow smart metering and demand side management. If different utility meters (e.g. electricity, gas and water meters) and home automation systems use different and incompatible protocol waveforms for wireless communication, such an infrastructure is hardly realizable using state of the art communication technology. Thus, a cognitive gateway is required that is able to automatically recognize the protocol waveform used by an unknown transmitter and to translate the massage into the waveform of the addressed receiver. This paper proposes a decision-theoretic algorithm for the automatic classification of wireless communication standards used for smart grid applications in the European 868 to 870 MHz band. The algorithm is adequate for the implementation in realtime embedded systems and works over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
elib2cris::1512001600,kuba2011
Keywords: cognitive radio; decision theory; internetworking; Frequency shift keying

Deep Learning-based Person Detection on a Moving Robot - Gabsteiger, Jasmin; Maiwald, Timo; Kurin, Thomas; Dorn, Christian; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (Radio and Wireless Week, 2024)

Deep Learning to Demodulate Transmissions in Molecular Communication - Bartunik, Max; Keszöcze, Oliver; Schiller, Benjamin; Kirchner, Jens (Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Molecular Communications, 2022)

Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Congestion Control for V2X Communication - Bhadauria, Shubhangi; Roshdi, Moustafa; Shawky Hassan, Khaled; Fischer, Georg (2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC): International workshop on beyond 5G support for the future vehicular networks (IEEE PIMRC 2021 - WS3), 2021)
In release 14 (Rel-14) Long Term Evolution (LTE), the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard has introduced Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) communication to pave the way for future intelligent transport systems (ITS). C-V2X communication envisions supporting a diverse range of use cases with varying quality of service (QoS) requirements. For example, cooperative collision avoidance requires stringent reliability, while infotainment use cases require a high data throughput. C-V2X communication remains susceptible to performance degradation due to network congestion. This paper presents a centralized congestion control scheme for C-V2X communication based on the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework. A performance evaluation of the algorithm is conducted based on system-level simulation based on TAPASCologne scenario in the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) platform. The results show the effectiveness of a DRL-based approach to achieve the packet reception ratio (PRR) as per the packet's associated QoS while maintaining the average measured Channel Busy Ratio (CBR) below 0.65.
Keywords: V2X Communication; Congestion Control; DRL

Defining Acceptable Phase-Modulated Nonlinearities in 77 GHz FMCW Automotive Radar Systems - Müller, Felix; Steinbuch, Dirk; Steinhauer, Matthias; Walter, Thomas; Weigel, Robert (Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-wave Circuits Workshop (INMMiC), 2015)
A method to determine the maximum allowable frequency error of a PLL generated FMCW radar slope is presented. Using the side lobe suppression as a metric, the maximum frequency error in a linear FMCW slope is defined based on the used window function. With higher distortion frequency a higher side lobe suppression is required. It is shown that for fast chirp sequence modulation in the absence of any additional counter measures, the minimum allowable frequency error is on the order of a few kHz, which is nearly impossible to be achieved by commercial radar systems.
elib2cris::1512001600,mueller2015c

Degradation of the Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity of Microcontrollers Due to Electromagnetic Resonances in Foot-Point Loops - Su, Tao; Unger, Markus; Steinecke, Thomas; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2011)
The response of the microcontrollers to conducted radio frequency interference depends strongly on the frequency of the interference signals. As a symbol of the strong frequency dependence, dips appear on the immunity-frequency curve of the microcontrollers. This paper discovers that some of the immunity dips are due to resonances in the current loops through the input and output pins of the oscillator amplifier. Those dips are called foot-point immunity dips. With theoretical analysis, measurements, simulations, and optimizations, this paper gives a systematic description and treatment on the foot-point immunity dips.
elib2cris::1512001600,su2011a
Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility; electromagnetic interference (EMI); integrated circuits (ICs); microcontrollers; oscillators

Dehydratations-Erkennung im Alltag durch integrierte nicht-invasive Sensorik - Dietz, Marco; Schmidt, Christian; Trenz, Florian; Nehring, Johannes; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta; Weigel, Robert; Kissinger, Dietmar (Medizin Innovativ - MedTech Summit 2016, 2016)
Veränderungen im menschlichen Wasserhaushalt führen zur Verminderung der Leistungsfähigkeit im Alltag bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen Situationen. Insbesondere hier ist eine Überwachung des menschlichen Wasserhaushaltes wichtig. Ein neuer Ansatz schafft die Möglichkeit, Nutzern auch im Alltag die aktive Überwachung ihres Hydratationszustandes zu ermöglichen. Das Verfahren beruht auf Sensorik, die als Stimulus eine elektromagnetische Welle verwendet. Aus der vom Gewebe reflektierten Welle können Rückschlüsse auf die Wasserkonzentration gezogen werden. So wird ein alltagstaugliches und hochintegriertes Detektionssystem möglich, welches vom Nutzer permanent getragen werden kann und die Analyse des Wasserhaushaltes erlaubt.
elib2cris::1512001600,dietz2016
Keywords: Dehydratation; nicht-invasive Sensorik; Gesundheitsförderung; integrierte Diagnostik

Delay analysis of high-electron mobility transistors under high drain bias - Reiser, Korbinian; Twynam, John; Brech, Helmut; Weigel, Robert (Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2020)
In this work, we present a new delay analysis of high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs), in which we show that the total intrinsic delay can be separated into six distinct contributions. We distinguish between delays caused by the capacitive coupling between electrodes, the quasi-static charge distribution within the device and a dynamic delay originating from on-state charge flow. An analytical expression for the dynamic delay is established in the form of a delay density using a position dependent image charge analysis. This delay density allows us to show graphically the position dependence of the delay contributions of mobile charge throughout the depletion region. Furthermore, the dynamic delay is separated into a component dependent on the length of the gate electrode and a drain delay component dependent on the drain voltage bias. The influence of high drain bias on the delay components is investigated with the aid of GaN HEMT device simulations and measurements, showing the relative importance of scaling the gate and the drain regions. The RF delay analysis reported here is based upon the definition of small-signal current gain and elucidates the effect of position dependent mobile charge within a HEMT, clarifying the requirements for device scaling.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-04-17

Delta-Sigma feedforward topology - Oberst, Matthias; Weigel, Robert (Electronics Letters, 2008)
A delta-sigma feedforward topology is presented, which avoids the need for an analogue adder in front of the quantiser. This simplifies the implementation and saves power. Simulation results show that the proposed topology achieves as good performance as the standard feedforward topology at high input signal amplitudes even with high distortion at the outputs of the integrators.
elib2cris::1512001600,oberst2008

Demonstrator of a Scanning Receiver Subsystem for Cognitive Professional Wireless Microphone Systems - Schröter, Simon; Zimmermann, Lars; Schwender, O.; Fischer, Georg; Kölpin, Alexander (Technical Symposium at ITU Telecom World 2011, 2011)
ProfessionalWireless Microphone Systems (PWMS), transmitting voice and music in live events such as concerts or conferences, demand the highest level of sound quality and reliability. Dropouts, noise and interference have to be prevented at any moment of the transmission. At present, these requirements can be fulfilled as PWMS utilize locally unused TV channels and thus operate in a protected radio environment. However, in the near future, the “Digital Dividend” will open the spectrum to other users, leading to less spectrum allocation to PWMS. In order to maintain the high quality of service of the radio links, the Specialist Task Force STF386 on Cognitive Programme Making and Special Events (C-PMSE) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposed a proactive cognitive approach. A major part of this proposition is a Scanning Receiver Subsystem (SCS) that monitors the current spectrum occupation according to which a Cognitive Engine can dynamically configure the radio links. The SCS is composed of multiple Scanning Receivers (SCR) that measure the spectrum occupation at different locations within an event site and one or more Scanning Receiver Controllers (SCC). The SCC combine these observations to determine positions of interferers and estimate their future locations as well as their impact on the microphone links. This paper reviews the current activities of ETSI for standardization of a cognitive wireless microphone system with an in depth focus on the scanning receiver subsystem. Furthermore, the hardware of a low-cost scanning receiver, which has been developed and tested at our institute, is presented. The proposed receiver architecture fulfills the spectrum sensing capabilities recommended by ETSI and can be built at an affordable price, allowing the described proactive cognitive radio system to be realized.
elib2cris::1512001600,schroeter2011

Demonstrator of Class-S Power Amplifier based on GaN transistors - Samulak, Andrzej; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (German Microwave Conference - GeMIC, 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,samulak2008a

Demonstrator of Class-S Power Amplifier - Samulak, Andrzej; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (GHz Symposium, 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,samulak2008

Dem Versagen auf der Spur - Ehlenz, Tobias; Wittmann, Armin (Draht, 2014)

Den Herzschlag berührungslos und präzise messen - Scheiner, Benedict; Michler, Fabian (Elektronikpraxis - Profiline, 2023)

Dependence of Piezoelectric Discs Electrical Impedance on Mechanical Loading Condition - Gogoi, Niharika; Chen, Jie; Fischer, Georg; Kirchner, Jens (Sensors, 2022)
Inthis paper, we study the electrical impedance response of different sizes of commercial piezoelectricdiscs for a wide range of frequencies (without and with mechanical load for0.1–1000 kHzwithresolution 20 Hz).The piezoelectric effect, along with its associated materials, fascinated researchers in allareas of basic sciences and engineering due its interesting properties and promising potentials.Sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting are major implementations of piezoelectric structures instructural health monitoring, wearable devices, and self-powered systems, to name only a few. Theelectrical or mechanical impedance of its structure plays an important role in deriving its equivalentmodel, which in turn helps to predict its behavior for any system-level application, such as withrespect to the rectifiers containing diodes and switches, which represent a nonlinear electrical load. Inthis paper, we study the electrical impedance response of different sizes of commercial piezoelectricdiscs for a wide range of frequencies (without and with mechanical load for0.1–1000 kHzwithresolution 20 Hz). It shows significant changes in the position of resonant frequency and amplitudeof resonant peaks for different diameters of discs and under varying mechanical load conditions,implying variations in the mechanical boundary conditions on the structure. The highlight of ourwork is the proposed electrical equivalent circuit model for varying mechanically loaded conditionswith the help of impedance technique. Our approach is simple and reliable, such that it is suitable forany structure whose accurate material properties and dimensions are unkno
Keywords: piezoelectric; impedance; electrical model; wide-range frequency

Depth and Rate of the Save - Hofmann, Maximilian; Edelmann, Jan-Christoph; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg; Kissinger, Dietmar (IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2012)
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Studies have shown that roughly 90% of all patients suffering from SCAs die due to ventricular fibrillation. This phenomenon is best described as an electrical chaos in the myocardium leading to fast but at the same time very short movements of the muscle. This results in a total collapse of the blood circulation and after 3–5 min, the death of gray matter. Without any external help, this will lead to death. In the United States, for instance, 325,000 people are affected each year. It is indisputable that the quality of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can make the difference between life and death. In 2010, the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) as well as the American Heart Association (AHA) submitted official guidelines for resuscitation. According to the ERC and further research results, the basilife support can be significantly improved by a feedback system. The recommendation for CPR feedback systems has subsequently been adopted by the German Medical Association (GMA). A CPR feedback system gives a response to the first aider about the quality of the resuscitation (compression depth and rate).
elib2cris::1512001600,hofmann2012f

Der Bürger, der Wissenschaftler und der Politiker: Über den für Österreich technischoökonomisch richtigen Weg - Weigel, Robert (Österreich und die Wissenschaft. Reflexionen und Konsequenzen, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2002.tech.IE.LETE.derbrg

Der erweiterte Sechstor-Empfänger – Ein systemübergreifender Ansatz für Kommunikations- und Messaufgaben - Kölpin, Alexander (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)
elib2cris::1512001600,koelpin2010

Design and Analysis of a RF Front-End Receiver System Based on Multi-Layer Organic Filtering for Sub-6 GHz Mobile Communication Applications - Schuster, Armin; Erhardt, Stefan; Reißland, Torsten; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium, RWS, 2023)
This paper describes a front-end architecture for an all-band direct sampling receiver. To evaluate the characteristics of this front-end, we conducted a S-parameter analysis to evaluate the performance of transmission and isolation of individual transmission channels. Our results prove high mutual isolation of the channels filtered by Multi-Layer Organic (MLO) filters. The effect of individual filter techniques is compared. Furthermore, the frequency planning is described. Finally, the usability of this front-end within a mobile network is discusse
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-03-17
Keywords: Analog processing circuits; Microwave communication; Microwave filters; Mobile communication; Radio access networks; Receivers; Signal to noise ratio

Design and Applications of Integrated Millimeter-Wave Six-Port Circuits - Lämmle, Benjamin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012)

Design and Assembly of Miniature Long-Term Trackers for Migrating Bats - Erhardt, Stefan; Tost, Frank; Lurz, Fabian; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (German Microwave Conference 2020, 2020)

Design and Breakdown Behavior of 77GHz Variable Gain Power Amplifiers in SiGe- Technology - Borutta, Karl; Lämmle, Benjamin; Wagner, Christoph; Maurer, Linus; Weigel, Robert; Kissinger, Dietmar (European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2013, 2013)
This paper presents two fully integrated differential programmable power amplifiers for automotive radar applications at 77GHz. The power amplifiers were fabricated in a silicon-germanium technology featuring bipolar transistors with an ft/fmax of 200GHz/250GHz. Measurements have been performed for different temperatures, in particular at -40°, 27° and 125°. A maximum gain of 10 dB is achieved for both amplifiers at room temperature. In addition the breakdown behavior of both amplifiers has been investigated. The building blocks of the amplifiers, which are affected by the breakdown effect had been indentified and design guidelines to avoid breakdown effects in power amplifiers are presented.
elib2cris::1512001600,borutta2013
Keywords: differential amplifiers; electric breakdown; millimetre wave bipolar transistors; millimetre wave power amplifiers; millimetre wave radar; programmable circuits; temperature measurement; Current measurement

Design and Characterization of an Analog Frontend for Passive Multi-Standard CMOS-RFID-Transponder - Eßel, Jochen (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011)

Design and Characterization of Antenna Arrays in eWLB Package for 61 GHz Radar Applications - Frank, Martin; Ghesquiere, Pol; Kiefl, Stefan; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2018)
This paper presents the design of several two element antenna arrays in an eWLB package for 61 GHz radar applications. The antenna arrays are either formed of dipoles or folded dipoles. Different feeding structures were developed in order to match MMICs with differential or single-ended ports. Measurements of both insertion loss and radiation pattern were performed for five different antenna arrays. The measurement results are in good agreement with the previously performed simulations.
Keywords: Antenna in package; dipole antenna; eWLB package; antenna array

Design and construction of an ultrawideband backward wave directional coupler - Hrobak, Michael; Sterns, M.; Seler, Ernst; Schramm, Marcus; Schmidt, Lorenz-Peter (IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation, 2012)
In this study the design and construction of an ultrawideband backward wave directional coupler is presented. The symmetric, non-uniform coupler covers the frequency range from 2 to 50 GHz with an average coupling of 16.6 2.4 dB while establishing directivity values greater than 10 dB from 10 MHz to 33.8 GHz and 8 dB up to 48.4 GHz. The design is based on coupled microstrip lines suitable for integration into planar front end modules of modern measurement systems. To account for the dispersive behaviour of such waveguides, wiggly-line technique is utilised. Accurate extraction of the waveguide frequency-dependent distributed equivalent circuit parameters is done by 2D finite element electromagnetic field (EM) simulation. To balance out the remaining mistuning appropriate scaling parameters are introduced. The influence of common manufacturing and assembly tolerances on the device performance is analysed. Measurement results of the synthesised coupler with planar matched isolated port are presente
lhft_intern.bib::hrobakIetCoup

Design and demonstration of a full polarimetric sensor for surface texture characterisation - Erhart, Christian; Lutz, Steffen; Walter, Thomas; Mantz, Hubert; Hügler, Philipp; Weigel, Robert (European Microwave Conference, 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,erhart2016

Design and Evaluation of a Joint Communication and Sensing System Using FMCW-Radar and FSK in V-Band - Faghih-Naini, Samira; Peters, Sebastian; Kurin, Thomas; Reißland, Torsten; Weigel, Robert (20th European Radar Conference (EuRAD 2023), 2023)

Design and Evaluation of a Low-Cost SAW Resonator Read-Out System at 2.4 GHz - Probst, Florian; Scheiner, Benedict; Michler, Fabian; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2022)

Design and evaluation of directional antenna for shoe-mounted sensor for position identification of elderly wanderer - Haque, Ismail; Yoshibayashi, Kengo; Wang, Jianqing; Fischer, Georg; Kirchner, Jens (Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, 2021)
Monitoring system with Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons is promising for position identification of elderly wanderers. BLE beacons can be mounted in shoes for convenience, and a shoe-mounted directional antenna is expected to efficiently radiate the beacon signals to the data server of the monitoring system. In this paper, a directional array antenna with planar or curved structure was designed on the shoe surface for this purpose. The antenna was designed to sweep diagonally upward from 10° to 50°, and the simulated and measured S11 performances revealed reasonable agreement. The antenna was assumed to be used in an urban environment, and a directional patch array antenna with dielectric lens was also designed to receive beacon signals by mounting it on utility poles. According to a feasibility experiment result of elderly wanderer position identification, the designed directional antenna can provide an almost 100% position identification rate if a wanderer is within 20 m from a smart phone use
Keywords: Position identification; Bluetooth low energy; Directional antenna; Elderly wanderer; Shoe-mounted sensor

Design and Implementation of a Fixed-Point Radix-4 FFT Optimized for Local Positioning in Wireless Sensor Networks - Ferizi, Alban; Höher, Bernhard; Jung, Melanie; Fischer, Georg; Kölpin, Alexander (9th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices, 2012)
elib2cris::1512001600,ferizi2012

Design and Implementation of a Ka-Band Corrugated Feed Horn for Reflector Antennas - Schwerthöffer, Udo; Adel, H.; Wansch, Rainer (Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 2013)
elib2cris::1512001600,schwerthoeffer2013c

Design and measurements of a 28 GHz High-Linearity LNA in 45nm SOI-CMOS - Lammert, Vincent; Sakalas, Paulius; Werthof, Andreas; Weigel, Robert; Issakov, Vadim (2021 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROWAVES, ANTENNAS, COMMUNICATIONS AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (COMCAS), 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-30

Design and performance of a fully integrated 4 GHz VCO with high tuning range for GMS/PCN mobile communication systems - Springer, Andreas; Weigel, Robert; Kristan, E.; Sehrig, P.; Fenk, Josef (Proc. European Wireless Conference, 1998)
elib2cris::1512001600,springer1998a

Design and performance of a SAW ladder-type filter at 3.15 GHz using SAW mass production technology - Hollerweger, Franz; Springer, Andreas; Weigel, Robert; Ruile, Werner; Thomas, Ralf; Berek, S.; Guglielmi, Marco (IEEE MTT-S Microwave Symposium, 1999)
To meet the increasing demand of high performance filters in GHz radio communication systems, we have improved the design techniques and fabrication processes for SAW devices. The standard optical projection printing technique based on i-line lithography used for mass-production was optimized, thus attaining a linewidth of 0.3 microns. As a first SAW device prototype we designed and fabricated a ladder type bandpass filter from 42° rotYX-LiTaO3 substrate, at 3.15 GHz having a bandwidth of close to 200 MHz and a minimum insertion loss of 1.7 dB
elib2cris::1512001600,hollerweger1999

Design and Performance of a SAW Ladder-Type Filter at 3.15 GHz Using SAW Mass-Production Technology - Springer, Andreas; Hollerweger, Franz; Weigel, Robert; Berek, S.; Thomas, Ralf; Ruile, Werner; Ruppel, Clemens; Guglielmi, Marco (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1999)
To meet the increasing demand for highperformance filters in gigahertz radio-communication systems, we have improved the design techniques and fabrication processes for surface-acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The standard optical projection printing technique based on i-line lithography used for mass-production was optimized, thus attaining a linewidth of 0.3 _m. As a first SAW device prototype, we designed and fabricated a ladder-type bandpass filter from LiTaO3 substrates, at 3.15 GHz having a 3 dB-bandwidth of 128 MHz and a minimum insertion loss of 1.7 dB.
elib2cris::1512001600,springer1999a
Keywords: Ladder-type filter; SAW process technology; surface-acoustic wave filters

Design and Performance of Power Amplifier Integration with BAW Filter on a Silicon-Ceramic Composite and Standard Epoxy/Glass Substrate - Chauhan, Vikrant; Wandji, Lionel Wilfried; Peng, Xuejiao; Silva Cortes, Victor Arturo; Stehr, Uwe; Frank, Astrid; Weigel, Robert; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes, 2018)

Design and performance of SAW microstrip antenna-duplexers for mobile phones in the UHF band - Weigenthaler, Klaus; Dill, Roland; Schropp, Isidor; Weigel, Robert (26th European Microwave Conference, 1996)
Low-cost hybrid-integrated surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter duplexers consisting of receiver top filter, transmitter final-stage filter and antenna terminal have been developed. The prototype designs were oriented at the GSM system specifications in the 900 MHz-band. Three-stage ladder-type SAW filters having 3dB-bandwidths of 44 MHz at their center frequencies of respectively 902.5 MHz and 947.5 MHz and an insertion loss of 1 dB have been designed to perform the duplexing function by the use of only one transmission line. Leaky SAW phenomena as well as parasitics of package and chip layout effects have thoroughly been taken into account, and a very good agreement between simulation and measurement has been obtained. In the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) path, the complete duplexer has respectively an insertion loss of 1.2 dB (Tx) and 2.1 dB (Rx) and a 3 dB-bandwidth of respectively 40.1 MHz (Tx) and 47.4 MHz (Rx).
elib2cris::1512001600,weigenthaler1996
Keywords: Acoustic waves; Filters; Insertion loss; Microstrip antennas; Mobile antennas; Mobile handsets; Propagation losses; Surface acoustic waves; Receiving antennas

Design and performance of UHF band inductors, capacitors and resonators using LTCC technology for mobile communication systems - Eurskens, Wolfram; Wersing, Wolfram; Gohlke, S.; Wannenmacher, V.; Hild, P.; Weigel, Robert (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998)
We report on basic passive components integrated into ceramic substrate and on the performance of a finite element software package. The inductors of different types in a range of 1 nH to 10 nH show moderate dependence on frequency. Spurious resonances indicate coupling of neighboring structures. Shunt capacitors between 6 pF and 128 pF have resonances in contrast to the series capacitors depending on the ground plane. Stripline and lumped element resonators at 1 GHz showed Q factors around 100 and 50 respectively. Fair agreement of measurement and simulation was observed
elib2cris::1512001600,eurskens1998

Design and Performance of Wide-Band IIDT-Type SAW Filters With Low Loss and Improved Sidelobe Suppression - Weigel, Robert; Bader, Bernhard; Fischerauer, Gerhard; Russer, Peter (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 1993, 1993)
Wideband low-loss surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) filters employing interdigitated interdigital transducers (IIDTs) suitable for cellular radio systems are presented. The filters were fabricated on 36 degrees Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates. The sidelobe suppression has been improved by withdrawal weighting techniques. A design method which optimizes the weighting functions and the number of fingers has been worked out. In the 500-MHz band, fractional bandwidths of up to 5.2% with passband ripples smaller than 1 dB were attained. Insertion loss and sidelobe suppression were at 1.8 dB and 23 dB, respectively.<>
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel1993j
Keywords: cellular radio; radiofrequency filters; surface acoustic wave filters; low loss; Transducers; Wideband; SAW filters; Surface acoustic waves

Design and Simulation GaN based Class-S PA at 900MHz - Samulak, Andrzej; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (18th International Conference on Microwave Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON), 2010)
A Class-S Power Amplifier architecture seems to be an attractive alternative for classical PAs due to offered very high efficiency operation. Switching mode PA principle assumes combined operation based on digital, single - bit Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) modulated signals and RF analog signals, what complicates design and analysis procedures. However the Class-S PA topology is known, there are not any universal design methods which can be unambiguous applied to considered architecture. Presented work defines and describes design method for Class-S PA based on GaN HEMT transistors. Moreover main simulation results for Class-S architecture based on Current Switching Class-D (CSCD) configuration at the carrier frequency of 900 MHz have been performed.
elib2cris::1512001600,samulak2010
Keywords: Delta modulation; Digital modulation; Gallium nitride; High power amplifiers; Class S; switching PA; GaN

Design and verification of a SAW based chirp spread spectrum system - Huemer, Mario; Pohl, Alfred; Gugler, Wolfgang; Springer, Andreas; Weigel, Robert; Seifert, Franz (Proceedings of the IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 1998)
We report on the design and performance of a SAW based spread spectrum wireless LAN system which operates in the ISM band at 2.45 GHz. System IF frequency, transmission bandwidth and data rate are 348.8 MHz, 80 MHz, and 2 Mbit/s, respectively. Due to the high processing gain of 22 dB-made possible by the use of SAW devices-and the large transmission bandwidth, the system is insensitive against narrowband fading and noise. We give a brief system overview and present measurements of the data throughput. A comparison with simulation results, focused primarily on measured and modeled channel characteristics, is also presented.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.1998.tech.IE.LETE.design

Design Aspects of Scanning Receiver Systems - Mzyk, Raphael; Dehm-Andone, Gunther; Langmann, Frank; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE German Microwave Conference, 2012)
In this paper, a cost-effective approach on receiver systems for frequency scanning and direction finding applications is presented. It consists of a hybrid analog topology, combining direct sampling and double superheterodyne architecture, as well as a scalable digital platform that offers multi channel data aquisition requiring minimum hardware ressources. The receiver front-end covers the VHF (very high frequency) and UHF (ultra high frequency) band from 30MHz to 3GHz while a 50MHz instantaneous bandwidth can be processed. Key modules like a reconfigurable filter and low noise PLL (phase-locked loop) as well as a digital platform are highlighted and the trade-off between cost effectiveness and performance is investigated.
elib2cris::1512001600,mzyk2012
Keywords: Scanning receiver; frequency synthesis; reconfigurable filter; multi channel receiver

Design challenges of a highly integrated SDR platform for multiband spacecraft applications in radiation enviroments - Kölpin, Alexander; Budroweit, Jan (2018 IEEE Topical Workshop on Internet of Space (TWIOS), 2018)
Software-Defined Radios (SDR) are already widely-used and often implemented in terrestrial Radio Frequency (RF) and wireless applications. Even the very conservative and slow changing space industry has identified the benefits of reconfigurable radio systems and uses SDRs on satellites and space vehicles. Nevertheless, those systems are mostly inapplicable for lower- and mid-class mission, or are often limited in performance, reliability and are only available for a specific frequency band. This paper presents the approach for a reliable and highly integrated Generic Software Defined-Radio (GSDR) platform design, using state-of-the-art RF transceiver devices to provide multi-band applications on spacecraft. Design challenges under radiation environments for this GSDR platform are discussed and results of a pre-evolution test under selected radiation condition on a prototype are presente
Keywords: SDR; Radhard

Design Considerations For a New Beam Diagnostics For Medical Electron Accelerators - Vlad, Ionut Daniel; Hänel, M; Fischer, Georg (Proceedings of the International Conference on Instrumentation for Colliding Beam Physics, 2013)
Keywords: Beam Diagnostics; particle therapy

Design eines voll integrierten, spannungsgesteuerten Oszillators mit 1.65mW Leistungsaufnahme im 4-GHz-Band Bieskefür Mobilfunksysteme der 3. Generation unter Verwendung eines 0.12 µm CMOS Prozesses - Konstanznig, Georg; Pappenreiter, Thomas; Maurer, Linus; Weigel, Robert (Analog, 2002)
elib2cris::1512001600,kontanznig2002

Design Methodology for Automatically Designed, Integrated Marchand Baluns with Low Insertion Loss at Lowest Phase Imbalance - Schrotz, Albert-Marcel; Maiwald, Tim; Kolb, Katharina; Breun, Sascha; Dietz, Marco; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta; Weigel, Robert (APMC (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference), 2019)
In this paper, a design methodology for automated Marchand balun design is shown. The goal of this methodology is a balun providing the lowest insertion loss at the smallest phase imbalance. The design process is realized by using the EM simulator Sonnet, Matlab and the Matlab-Sonnet interface. The implemented algorithm is using a simulation-based characterization of the semiconductor process and a mathematical model of the balun. For this characterization an even and odd mode analysis is carried out. Hence, the electrical and dielectric properties, such as the characteristic impedance and the effective permittivity, are determined. This enables a precise "first guess simulation" of the balun, minimizing the required number of optimization iterations. As an example, a D-band Marchand balun is presented here, that was designed with this methodology. The measurement results show a phase imbalance less than 7° over the entire D-band and an insertion loss smaller than 1.75 dB. To the best of the author's knowledge, there was no software tool that enables automated development for Marchand baluns yet, although it is widely used.<br
Keywords: Marchand Balun; Automatically balun Design

Design of a 12 ghz low-power extended true single phase clock (e-tspc) prescaler in 0.13 um cmos technology - Jung, Melanie; Fuhrmann, Jörg; Ferizi, Alban; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert; Ußmüller, Thomas (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, 2011)
elib2cris::1512001600,jung2011d

Design of a 1.5V, 1.1 mA Fully Integrated LC-Tuned Voltage Controlled Oscillator in the 4 GHz Band Using a 0.12 um CMOS-Process - Konstanznig, Georg; Pappenreiter, Thomas; Maurer, Linus; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, 2002)
elib2cris::1512001600,konstanznig2002

Design of a 24 GHz Reconfigurable Transmitarray Element with Continuous Phase Range - Frank, Martin; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2017)
This paper presents a reconfigurable transmitarray antenna unit cell for a frequency of 24 GHz. A continuous phase range is obtained by loading patches with varactor diodes on the outer layers of a printed circuit board (PCB) while the signal couples through slots in the inner layers. The design, numerical and experimental characterization of the unit cell in a rectangular WR-42 waveguide are reported. A phase tuning range of 120° was achieved with a custom layer stack which could be extended to 145° using solely RF-substrates.
elib2cris::1512001600,frank2017

Design of a 60 GHz 32% PAE Class-AB PA with 2nd Harmonic Control in 45-nm PD-SOI CMOS - Ciocoveanu, Radu; Weigel, Robert; Hagelauer, Amelie; Issakov, Vadim (IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I-Regular Papers, 2020)
This paper presents a 60 GHz highly efficient single stage differential stacked Class-AB power amplifier (PA) with second harmonic control (HC) for short range applications using mm-wave radar. The circuit is realized in a 45nm partially depleted sillicon-on-insulator (PD-SOI) CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the power amplifier achieves a saturated output power (Psat) of 16.4dBm with a competitive maximum power-added efficiency (PAEmax) of 32% at 60 GHz. The output-referred 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) is 9.5 dBm. Furthermore, the circuit draws 40mA from a single 1.8V supply and the chip core size is 0.36mm x 0.35 mm.<br

Design of a Dual-Band Wireless LAN SiGe-Bipolar Power Amplifier. - Bakalski, Winfried; Kitlinski, Krzysztof; Donig, Günther; Kapfelsperger, Boris; Kuehn, Christian; Ahrens, Carsten; Österreicher, Wilfried; Auchter, Wolfgang; Weigel, Robert; Scholtz, Arpad (High frequency electronics, 2004)
elib2cris::1512001600,bakalski2004a

Design of a Fully Integrated Two-Stage Watt-Level Power Amplifier Using 28-nm CMOS Technology - Oßmann, Patrick; Fuhrmann, Jörg; Dufrene, Krzysztof; Fritzin, Jonas; Moreira, José; Pretl, Harald; Springer, Andreas (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2015)

Design of a High Linear, Frequency Selective VHF-Receiver with Low Phase Noise for a Passive Radar System - Horlbeck, Marie; Erhardt, Stefan; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (European Microwave Week (EuMW), 2022)

Design of a Highly Efficient CMOS Rectifier for Passive Communication Systems - Essel, Jochen; Brenk, Daniel; Heidrich, Jürgen; Hofer, Günter; Holweg, Gerald; Weigel, Robert (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), 2010)
This paper presents the design of a highly efficient CMOS rectifier for passive communication systems. The integrated rectifier is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS technology. The measured overall RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency for a DC output power of 10 μW (1V and 10 μA) is about 25%. The maximum efficiency for a DC output voltage of 1V is about 43% at UHF and the efficiency of the rectifier at -15 dBm RF input power is still 20%. This rectifier is using a self threshold cancelation technique to enhance the efficiency significantly.
elib2cris::1512001600,essel2010b
Keywords: CMOS integrated circuits; Radiofrequency identification; Schottky diodes; Transponders; UHF measurements; Wireless sensor networks; rectifier; CMOS rectifier design; RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency; RFID; passive communication systems; passive radio frequency identification; self threshold cancelation technique; CMOS

Design of a High-Speed Digital Interface for Multi-Standard Mobile Transceiver RFICs in 0.13 µm CMOS - Chabrak, Karim; Bachmann, Frank; Hueber, Gernot; Seemann, Kay; Maurer, Linus; Boos, Zdravko; Weigel, Robert (European Conference on Wireless Technology, 2005)
This paper presents the design of two different digital interfaces, both based on current signalling. First the requirements for a digital interface at the baseband output of a multi-standard mobile phone RF front-end are explained. The paper gives an insight of the popular digital interfaces and presents a new concept which is more robust against the ground bounce effect. At the end measurement results of a realized test chip are shown.
elib2cris::1512001600,chabrak2005a
Keywords: Multi-Standard; CMOS

Design of a low loss SAW reflector filter with extremely wide bandwidth for mobile communication systems - Müller, Günter; Machui, Jürgen; Reindl, Leonhard; Weigel, Robert; Russer, Peter (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1993)
The design and performance of a low-loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflector filter are presented. The structure is a dual-track configuration incorporating two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors in each track. Extremely wide bandwidth can be obtained if chirped IDTs and reflectors are used. From the theoretical conditions for low-loss operation of the reflector filter, a design rule for the distances between the chirped components and for their lengths is derived. Because the transfer function of the filter is predominantly determined by the reflectors, a new synthesis method for chirped reflectors has been developed. For the design of the reflectors, phase-weighting and finger-width-weighting techniques were used to reduce passband distortions and improve the shape factor and stopband rejection. The filter has been fabricated on 128° YX-LiNbO3 . The center frequency and fractional bandwidth are 200 MHz and 100%, respectively, the minimum insertion loss is 4 dB, a passband ripple is about 1 dB, and the stopband rejection is better than 35 dB
elib2cris::1512001600,mueller1993a
Keywords: Surface acoustic waves; Acoustic transducers; Band pass filters

Design of a Low-Power Voltage Regulator for RFID Applications - Heidrich, Jürgen; Brenk, Daniel; Essel, Jochen; Heinrich, Matthias; Jung, Melanie; Hofer, Günter; Holweg, Gerald; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg (IEEE R8 International Conference On Computational Technologies in Electrical And Electronics Engineering 2010 (SIBIRCON 2010), 2010)
This paper briefly reviews common state-of-the-art architectures of voltage regulators and their applicability to RFID. After that the design of a Low Drop-out (LDO) regulator using active resistances is presented, especially suitable for RFID applications. The chip is designed based on a 0.13 μm CMOS technology.
elib2cris::1512001600,heidrich2010d
Keywords: Radiofrequency identification; Regulators; Transponders; Voltage control; CMOS integrated circuits; low-power electronics; voltage regulators; RFID; CMOS technology; low drop-out regulator; low-power voltage regulator; LDO; reference circuit; low-voltage; reference voltage; wireless sensing

Design of a Low Voltage D-band LNA in 22 nm FDSOI - Hetterle, Philip; Engelmann, Andre; Probst, Florian; Weigel, Robert; Dietz, Marco (17th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC), 2022)
This paper presents a low voltage D-band Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) manufactured in a 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator FDSOI CMOS technology. The circuit consists of 4 differential stages. The first stage is optimized for minimal noise, while the other three are optimized to achieve maximum gain. Therefore, a capacitive neutralization technique is applied. Transmissionline-based matching networks are used to match the stages for a bandwidth of over 20 GHz. The measurement results show a gain of 17 dB while achieving a low noise figure of less than 8 dB at a supply voltage of only 0.8V.<br
Keywords: CMOS; D-band; FDSOI; LNA; mm-wave; mobile communication; 6G

Design of a Low-Voltage Reference Circuit with Reconfigurable Temperature Range for RFID Applications - Heidrich, Jürgen; Brenk, Daniel; Essel, Jochen; Heinrich, Matthias; Hofer, Günter; Holweg, Gerald; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg (IEEE International Microwave Symposium, 2010)
This paper describes the design of a current-mode bandgap for RFID applications. Its temperature compensation network can be set between two states which enables different compensation criteria. In the first state the temperature dependent behavior is optimized around ambient temperature, in the other state a better adaption at the higher temperature range can be achieved. The chip is designed in a 0.13µm CMOS technology. It was developed at the Institute for Electronics Engineering within the scope of a research project supported by the Bavarian Research Foundation.
elib2cris::1512001600,heidrich2010b
Keywords: CMOS technology; Photonic band gap; CMOS circuits; Radiofrequency identification; RFID; Temperature dependence; Temperature distribution; reference; low voltage

Design of a Multi-Dimensional Adaptive Receiver for Low-Power Mobile Radio Terminals - Vazny, Rastislav (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)

Design of an Asynchronous Analog-to-Digital Converter for LTE Receivers - Hofer, Hermann (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)

Design of an Electronically Adaptable Low-power Reference Cell for Low-cost CMOS Processes - Heidrich, Jürgen; Brenk, Daniel; Essel, Jochen; Heinrich, Matthias; Hofer, Günter; Holweg, Gerald; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg (18th International Conference on Microwave Radar and Wireless Communications (MIKON), 2010)
This paper presents the design of a voltage reference cell suitable for low-voltage and low-power applications without the usage of bipolar structures. The respective reference voltage can be trimmed within a certain range to compensate the unavoidable process variations. The chip is designed based on a 0.13 μm CMOS technology.
elib2cris::1512001600,heidrich2010c
Keywords: CMOS technology; circuits; Photonic band gap; Joining processes; Temperature dependence; Threshold voltage; CMOS; RFID; bias cell; low-power; low-voltage; reference circuit; reference voltage; wireless sensing

Design of an E-TSPC Flip-flop for a 43 Gb/s PRBS Generator in 22 nm FDSOI - Probst, Florian; Weninger, Jonas; Engelmann, Andre; Issakov, Vadim; Weigel, Robert (18th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC), 2023)

Design of an integrated 60 GHz cross-coupled oscillator in SiGe technology - Agethen, Roman; Lämmle, Benjamin; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert; Kissinger, Dietmar (IEEE Semiconductor Conference Dresden, 2011)
This paper presents the design of an integrated fully differential 60GHz voltage controlled oscillator in SiGe technology featuring f t = 200 GHz high speed bipolar HBTs. The VCO is based on a differential Colpitts VCO. The core consumes an average amount of 26mA @ 3.3V supply voltage. The tuning bandwidth is about 12%. The utilized buffer at the output consumes additional 64 mA @ 3.3V and provides an output power of 13dBm over the tuning bandwidth. The phase noise @ 1MHz is less than -75 dBc/Hz.
elib2cris::1512001600,agethen2011a

Design of an Integrated Subretinal Implant Using Cellular Neural Networks for Binary Image Generation in a 130 nm BiCMOS Process - Potschka, Julian; Söll, Christopher; Kirchner, Jens; Mardin, Christian Y.; Stadelmayer, Markus; Maiwald, Tim; Breun, Sascha; Kolb, Katharina; Bauch, Andreas; Dietz, Marco; Beck, Christopher; Völkel, Matthias; et al. (IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference (EMBC), 2019)

Design of a Novel Low-Power 4th Order 1.7 GHz CMOS Frequency Synthesizer for DCS-1800 - Lehner, Andreas; Weigel, Robert; Sewald, Dieter; Eichfeld, Herbert; Hajimiri, Amir (IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2000)
elib2cris::1512001600,lehner2000

Design of a Novel Quarter-mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide Filter With Multiple Transmission Zeros and Higher Mode Suppressions - Huang, Xiao-Long; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta; Zhou, Liang; Völkel, Matthias; Weigel, Robert; Mao, Jun-Fa (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2018)

Design of an Ultra-Wideband Monocone Circular Antenna Array for Vehicle-Integrated Industrial Local Positioning Applications - Gardill, Markus; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2013)
We present the design of a vehicle-roof-integrated wideband circular antenna array for industrial local positioning applications. The array is designed for Direction-of-Arrival estimation in a novel ultra-wideband secondary FMCW radar system operating in the 5 GHz - 8 GHz frequency range. A novel size-reduced, mechanically robust, and application-ready monocone antenna with more than 120 % impedance bandwidth is proposed as basis element for array design, which allows for arbitrary array geometries based on a =2 grid spacing. We show measurement results and the characterization of a four-element circular array.
elib2cris::1512001600,gardill2013c

Design of a Power Amplifier Module in a Novel Silicon-Ceramic Substrate for an LTE Transmitter - Silva Cortes, Victor Arturo; Liu, Lian; Stehr, Uwe; Fischer, Michael; Frank, Astrid; Chauhan, Vikrant; Hein, Matthias; Müller, Jens; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta (Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, 2017)
The present paper demonstrates the design of a power amplifier (PA) module on a silicon ceramic (SiCer) composite substrate. The SiCer platform combines the advantages of low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) and silicon thin-film processing technology for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in a quasi-monolithic composite substrate. The present approach provides a methodology for the design and manufacturing of a PA module that foresees further integration with MEMS modules such as switches, oscillators, and acoustic filters. Based on a co-simulation approach in a specification-compliant software and polyharmonic distortion modeling, the impact of the PA module in a long term evolution (LTE) transmitter is evaluated.
Keywords: Power amplifier; front end; composite substrate

Design of a Pulsed Frequency Modulated Ultra-Wideband System for High Precision Local Positioning - Waldmann, Benjamin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011)

Design of a Robust and Low-Cost Monocone Antenna Element for Use in Vehicle Roof-Mounted Antenna Arrays - Gardill, Markus; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE Radio and Wireless Week, 2013)
We present the design of a wideband monocone antenna element having more than one octave impedance as well as pattern bandwidth. It is optimized for use in vehicle roof-mounted antenna arrays for spatial processing in an ultra-wideband local positioning secondary radar system, operating in the frequency range from 5 GHz to 8 GHz. We focus on a low-cost design, offering mechanical robustness, being ruggedized towards environmental influence, and achieving small physical dimensions using a protective dielectric-encapsulated design. In addition, we suggest a solderless and robust interconnection between coaxial connector and antenna element. The antenna element allows for arbitrary planar array geometries with grid spacing at the order of the lowest frequency of operation and a simple integration in any vehicle with a metallic roof.
elib2cris::1512001600,gardill2013a

Design of a Rotary Coupler for Data Transmission on Fast Rotating Mechanical Shafts and Roboter Arms - Scheiner, Benedict; Lurz, Fabian; Michler, Fabian; Lau, Isabella; Lichtblau, Johann; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2019)

Design of Duplexer "Inserts" for Mobile Phone Module Applications - Pitschi, Maximilian; Kiwitt, Jürgen; Fleckenstein, A.; Koch, Robert; Weigel, Robert; Wagner, Karl Christian (International Microwave Symposium, 2006)
Especially in the context of the upcoming requirement put on wireless terminals, such as mobile phones, to support both multiple standards and multiple bands there has been a continuous trend of integrating and miniaturizing the front-ends of wireless terminals. This has been achieved by means of shrinking the sizes of key components as well as integrating them along with many passive and also some active components in front-end modules. As some mobile communication standards are based on full duplex operation, SAW or FBAR duplexers need to be integrated into such modules. They are among the most demanding passive acoustic components regarding their simulation and design due to their high performance regarding both the isolation in the Tx and Rx bands as well as the suppression of the Rx and Tx bands by the Tx and Rx filters, respectively. Hence, up to now duplexers have been available only as standalone components. The paper reports about integrating the functionality of duplexers into modules. While mounting the SAW or FBAR dies on top of the modules using available technologies, the LTCC sections of the duplexers are seamlessly dissolved within the modules. We call the result duplexer "inserts". Focusing on electromagnetic issues regarding simulation and design of duplexer "inserts" we present experimental results of a feasibility study comprising prototypical W-CDMA 850 and W-CDMA 1900 duplexer "inserts"
elib2cris::1512001600,pitschi2006
Keywords: Duplexer; duplexer "insert"; FBAR; front-end module; HTCC; LTCC; SAW

Design of Gain Optimized Broadband Low Noise Amplifiers at 120 GHz using SiGe Technology - Chakraborty, Abhiram; Kissinger, Dietmar; Lämmle, Benjamin; Hartnagel, Hans; Weigel, Robert (German Microwave Conference, 2010)
This paper presents the design of single-ended, double stage cascode low noise amplifiers at 120 GHz. A design methodology employing three techniques for gain enhancement of the LNA is presented. The effect of traditional emitter - degeneration technique and its feasibility for simultaneous noise and power matching is evaluated at 120 GHz. The LNAs are designed in a 250 GHz fT and 300 GHz fmax 0.13 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS process. By employing the three design techniques the gain of the LNA is improved by almost 3.5 dB. The two stage gain optimized LNA achieves a gain of 24 dB and a noise figure of 7.2 dB. The circuit works with a supply voltage of 3.3 V and consumes less than 40 mW of power.
elib2cris::1512001600,chakraborty2010
Keywords: BiCMOS integrated circuits; Broadband amplifiers; Low-noise amplifiers; Noise figure; wideband amplifiers; cascode low noise amplifier; emitter-degeneration technique; 120 GHz; 250 GHz; 300 GHz; noise matching; SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor

Design of Integrated Power Amplifiers in SiGe Technology for Mobile Terminal Applications - Kitlinski, Kryzstof (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2006)

Design of integrated radio transceiver for OFDM MIMO systems - Simon, Martin; Weigel, Robert (Semiconductor Conference Dresden (SCD), 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,simon2008

Design of Integrated RF Components for M-Sequences Ultra-Wideband Systems - Hamouda, Mohammed (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2015)

Design of Integrated Ultra-Low-Power Rectifiers for Passive RFID-Tags at UHF Frequencies - Seemann, Kay; Weigel, Robert (Analog, 2005)
elib2cris::1512001600,seemann2005b
Keywords: RFID; Rectifier

Design of mobile phone IIDT-type SAW filters with block-like distribution of transducers - Fischerauer, Gerhard; Bader, Bernhard; Russer, Peter; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1994)
Wide band low-loss SAW filters employing interdigitated interdigital transducers (IIDT's) and suitable for cellular radio applications are presented. After an investigation of the many design parameters that have to be taken into account, a new block-like distribution of transducers within the IIDT structure is studied in detail. This distribution leads to almost identical impedances at the filter input and output. An automatic optimization algorithm is also described. In particular, the finger numbers and the withdrawal weighting functions employed to increase the stopband rejection have been optimized by this algorithm. Filters fabricated on 36° rot Y, X-LiTaO3 exhibit fractional bandwidths of up to 5.2% with passband ripples smaller than 1 dB at a center frequency of 500 MHz. The minimum insertion loss and the stopband rejection obtained were 1.8 and 23 dB, respectively
elib2cris::1512001600,fischerauer1994a

Design of Mobile Radio Transceiver RFICs: Current Status and Future Trends - Maurer, Linus; Chabrak, Karim; Weigel, Robert (International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, 2004)
This paper gives an introduction to transceiver design for second and third generation wireless communications systems. Different transceiver front-end related testcase specifications and their relation to specific transceiver characteristics are explained. A review of some receiver architectures and their suitability for the two different systems followed by a perspective of future trends in transceiver front-end design is given.
elib2cris::1512001600,maurer2004

Design of Passive Backscattering RFID-Devices - Seemann, Kay; Huemer, Mario (Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, 2005)
The endeavors in realizing ubiquitous chips for ambient intelligence networks increased significantly over the past few years. In particular, the passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology became a well known synonym for passive transponder devices. The increased attention is not only related to economical advantages, but also to the general technological potential. This article deals with the design of self-sustaining wireless transponders based on the backscattering technology. We explain the general architecture, present important design constraints and emphasize general characteristics of the backscattering radio-frequency (RF) front-end approach. Furthermore, we extend the common linear models by some important nonlinear figures of merit.
elib2cris::1512001600,seemann2005c

Design of Planar Microstrip-to-Waveguide Transitions using Topology Optimization - Hassan, Emadeldeen; Berggren, Martin; Scheiner, Benedict; Michler, Fabian; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2019)
This paper presents a topology optimization approach to design planar transitions between a microstrip line (MSL) and a rectangular waveguide (RWG) in the K-band. The transition comprises two sub-transitions: one from the MSL to a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and the second from the SIW to the RWG. Both are on the same substrate and can be manufactured with a standard printed circuit board process. This leads to a very cost-effective solution compared with other approaches. A WR-42 waveguide can easily be surface mounted to the transitions using a standard flange. The transitions have been fabricated, and their measured performance shows good agreement with the simulations. The MSL-SIW transition has a broadband behavior and the SIW-RWG transition still reaches a relative bandwidth of 10

Design of Reconfigurable Digital Phase Locked Loops for Multistandard/Multi-Band Mobile Radio Terminals - Vollenbruch, Ulrich (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2008)

Design of RF Transceiver Architectures and RFIC's for W-CDMA Mobile Commnication Systems - Weigel, Robert; Maurer, Linus; Springer, Andreas (Proc. International Symposium on microwave and Optical Technology, 2001)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel2001d

Design of SAW expander and compressor on LiTaO3 for a TCDMA spread spectrum system - Weigel, Robert; Kalabic, Faris; Ostermayer, Gerald; Pohl, Alfred; Seifert, Franz; Reindl, Leonhard (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1997)
We report on the design and performance of surface-acoustic wave (SAW) minimum shift keying (MSK) tapped delay lines using pseudonoise code sequences with a length of 128 chips. As a substrate, X112 rotY-LiTaO3 has been used due to the system requirements of a given CDMA/TDMA (TCDMA) radio communication system. System IF frequency, bandwidth of the major lobe, and integration time of the SAW devices were, respectively, 360 MHz, 63.5 MHz, and 3 us. We used SAW tapped delay lines employing nonweighted as well as cosine-weighted input interdigital transducers incorporating split-fingers. We designed both expander as well as compressor filters attaining very similar experimental results. We found insertion loss values down to 16 dB and amplitude ripples of less than 2 dB. The close-in selectivity was 28 dB.
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel1997b
Keywords: Spread spectrum communication; surface- acoustic waves; tapped delay lines; TCDMA

Design of Self-Sustaining Wireless Communication Devices in Ubiquitous UHF RFID Networks - Seemann, Kay; Weigel, Robert (International Sympsoium on System Construction of Global-Network-Oriented Information Electronics, 2005)
elib2cris::1512001600,seemann2005

Design of Test Modules for the Characterization of SAW Duplexer Inserts by Measurement - Koch, Robert; Pitschi, Maximilian; Kiwitt, Jürgen; Fleckenstein, A.; Weigel, Robert (International Ultrasonics Symposium, 2006)
Due to the growing demand for miniaturization and functionality of modern mobile W-CDMA terminals, current developments for integrating SAW or FBAR duplexers into subsystems such as LTCC front-end modules by means of duplexer inserts have been reported recently. We will present the first approach to our knowledge to design test modules for the characterization of SAW duplexer inserts by measurement. The main goal is to characterize the duplexer insert in the environment of an LTCC module without the influence of the other active or passive, mounted or integrated components of the module. This can be achieved by replacing all components, including all metal structures of the LTCC module, with the exception of the duplexer insert, by electrically neutral connections. They have to be well designed for high isolation between the signal paths and have to be optimized for good matching between the PCB and the module. This was realized by using a modified stripline with a slotted ground, which offers both the required high isolation and the required impedance of 50 Omega. Additionally, the PCB-module transition was designed carefully for low reflections. We call the combination of duplexer inserts and neutral connections a test module. By focusing on the design approach of the neutral connection, we will present first samples of test modules with duplexer inserts for W-CDMA 1900
elib2cris::1512001600,koch2006
Keywords: SAW

Design of two Low DC-Power High-Efficiency D-Band Power Amplifiers in 22 nm FDSOI - Engelmann, Andre; Hetterle, Philip; Probst, Florian; Weigel, Robert; Dietz, Marco (17th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC), 2022)
This paper presents two low DC-power D-band power amplifiers (PAs) integrated into a 22nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) technology. Both amplifiers use the capacitive neutralization technique for gain-boosting and stability enhancement. The design procedure for transformer-based (TB) and line-based (LB) matching networks and the advantages and disadvantages of both architectures are discussed. The PA implementation focuses on low DC-power consumption, high efficiency, and compact device realization. The fabricated TBand LB-PA show high maximum power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 9 and 8% consuming 46 and 52mW respectively at a supply voltage of only 0.8V. The saturated output powers Psat reach 6.8dBm and 6.5dBm while achieving small-signal gains of 24.2 and 23.4 dB with 3-dB-bandwidths of 23 and 26 GHz.<br
Keywords: Power amplifier (PA); D-Band; millimeter-wave; FDSOI; CMOS; phase-modulated continuous-wave (PMCW) radar

Design of Ultra-Wideband Systems for ISM Applications - Guarin Aristizabal, Gustavo Adolfo (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2017)

Design of Wide-Band Asymmetric Hybrid Ladder Filters - Wagner, Michael; Gossmann, Timo; Tomasik, Jakob; Weigel, Robert; Hagelauer, Amelie (2019 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS), 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-03-06

Design, Simulation and Fabrication of Broadband Coaxial Matched Loads for the Frequency Range from 0 to 110 GHz - Tag, Andreas; Leinhos, Jens; Hechtfischer, Gerd; Leibfritz, Martin; Eibert, Thomas (International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2014)
Combining a theory for reflection-free termination of coaxial lines together with a novel manufacturing method results in 1-mm coaxial matched loads with an excellent absorption behavior over the frequency range from 0 to 110 GHz. Three different electromagnetic simulation approaches verify the capability of these matched loads to achieve reflection coefficients smaller than −43 dB over the entire frequency range. Matched loads with a maximum reflection coefficient of only −32 dB have been produced. The excellent performance was achieved by exponentially tapering the outer conductor over the region of a coaxial ceramic substrate coated by a thin film resistance and by compensation for EM wave propagation inside the resistive coating.
elib2cris::1512001600,tag2014a

Design Techniques for Broadband Low Noise Amplifiers at 120GHz in a SiGe BiCMOS Process - Chakraborty, Abhiram; Lämmle, Benjamin; Kissinger, Dietmar (ANALOG'11 Fachtagung Entwicklung von Analogschaltungen mit CAE-Methoden, 2011)
elib2cris::1512001600,chakraborty2011

Design und Synthese breitbandiger Richtkoppler fuer die Vektorielle Netzwerkanalyse - Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg; Hofmann, Maximilian; Nehring, Johannes (RADCOM, 2013)
In this paper a complete procedure for the design, synthesis and construction of wideband directional couplers is presented. Cascading multiple quarter-wavelength line segments leads to an increase of coupling bandwidth up to 180 % but also results in discontinuities of geometry and thus in strong reflections. Furthermore, the isolation is diminished. To avoid these effects a design technique for the generation of continous, nonuniform geometries is analyzed and implemented. Two methods for the coupler synthesis are proposed and compared. One is an approximational approach and uses two sets of equations. The other uses accurate 2D field simulation of the propagating modes and is universally applicable to any kind of coupled transmission lines. The completely synthesized couplers are simulated in CST Microwave Studio and achieve very good results for coupling, isolation and return loss. A nominal -10 dB wideband coupler at a center frequency of 15 GHz and a nominal bandwidth of 164 % is built in a multilayer stackup. Good agreement between measurement and simulation results is observed.
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel2013

Design von adaptiven Automobil-Funksystemen mittels Rapid-SDR-Prototyping - Franchi, Norman; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (RADCOM 2013, 2013)
In den kommenden Jahren wird die Einbindung drahtloser Technologien in unsere Fahrzeuge zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Dabei wird die informationstechni- sche Vernetzung des Automobils mit anderen Fahrzeugen, mit seiner Umgebung so- wie mit mobilen Endgeräten der Passagiere als neue Schlüsselkompetenz für zukünfti- ge Fahrzeugtechnik gesehen. Bisher werden in der Automobilindustrie zur Abbildung unterschiedlicher Kommunikationsstandards meist jeweils dedizierte Chiplösungen eingesetzt, deren Funktionen kaum dynamisch angepasst werden können. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein modulares, Software-basiertes Prototyping-Konzept vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe der Entwurf und die Entwicklung von flexiblen Wireless Vehicular Com- munication Systems ermöglicht werden kann. Am Beispiel der automotive-relevanten Funkstandards IEEE 802.11b und IEEE 802.11p sollen anhand einer Prototypenumset- zung sowohl die Stärken des Prototyping-Konzeptes als auch einer SDR-basierten Rea- lisierungsform von Funksystemen im Fahrzeug verdeutlicht werden.
elib2cris::1512001600,franchi2013a

Detecting Respiratory Effort-Related Arousals in Polysomnographic Data Using LSTM Networks - Schellenberger, Sven; Shi, Kilin; Mai, Melanie; Wiedemann, Jan Philipp; Steigleder, Tobias; Eskofier, Björn; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (Computing in Cardiology, 2018)

Detecting targets of variable acceleration with High Frequency Surface Wave Radar - Renzhou, Gui; Weigel, Robert (International Radar Symposium, 2008)
According to the conventional hypothesis, the velocity of target in the coherent integration time (CIT) is invariable in the application of utilizing high frequency surface wave radar to detect target. First, this paper proposes a more proper hypothesis in which the velocity and acceleration of target are treated as time-varying. However the acceleration of target can be regarded as invariable within the small fraction of coherent integration time. Then the model of echo signal in the hypothesis is analyzed. Considering the disadvangtages of some conventional methods of time-frequency analysis such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), the paper proposes the method of time-frequency analysis based on chirplets signal decomposition which can improve the time and frequency resolution simultaneously and solve the cross-term problem in WVD method. Firstly, we process the small fraction of coherent integration time with the chirplets signal decomposition. Then according to the differences between target signal and ocean clutter echo, the BP neural network classifier can be exploited to suppress ocean clutter. The different fractions of coherent integration time are composed together with the method of the nearest correlation. Lastly, the feasibility of the method for detecting targets of variable acceleration is proved by its processing the actual data.
elib2cris::1512001600,renzhou2008
Keywords: spectrum spread; chirplets signal decomposition; BP neural network; classifier

Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Use in a Wearable Telemedical System - Kirchner, Jens; Schild, Stefanie; Fischer, Georg (2017 IEEE International Sympium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), 2017)
For early detection of the sporadic events of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), long-term ECG monitoring and data evaluation are required. To allow energy-efficient on-device preprocessing of the data, an as simple as possible algorithm is sought. The proposed approach is based on heart frequency data only and makes use of the increased heart rate variation with the occurrence of AF. Criteria for the choice of the free parameters of this method are derived, and it is shown that, under these conditions, results are insensitive against variations of these parameters. If a compromise between sensitivity and specificity is sought, i.e. equality of these values, 89.4% are obtained in average. If instead sensitivity alone is optimized, i. e. for use with additional AF detection strategies, an average value of 99.6% is reached with specificity 38.4%. The algorithm forms the first step in the development of a computationally and thus energy efficient signal processing module for the purpose of reducing the amount of data that has to be stored or transmitted and then evaluated by the treating physicia
Keywords: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation detection; wearable telemedical system; sporadic event detection; long-term ECG monitoring; energy-efficient on-device data preprocessing; heart frequency data; atrial fibrillation detection strategy; energy efficient signal processing; Sensitivity; Heart rate; Electrocardiography; Optimization; Medical services; Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiogram; Heart Rate Variability; Cardiac Diseases; Diagnostic Monitoring

Detector Design for Six-Port Radar - Linz, Sarah; Barbon, Francesco; Mann, Sebastian; Lindner, Stefan; Lurz, Fabian; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (CST European User Conference 2014, 2014)
The Six-port receiver has been intensively investigated in the last decades. Now, a first prototype Six-port radar sensor is available on the market. There is a great demand from the industry for the Six-port radar for applications like level metering, vibration analysis or positioning. A critical component of the Six-port radar is the detector. Good matching is necessary to avoid crosstalk between the four detectors of the Six-port and a perfect RF-short is needed to terminate the diode. In this talk, the design workflow for Schottky diode power detectors will be demonstrated. A first circuit design and simulation is done with Agilent Advanced Design System. The layout is imported into CST Microwave Studio as DXF file. By using a technology file, the 3D structure can be automatically generated. The results of both, time and frequency domain simulation, are compared with measurement results. With a circuit simulation in CST Design Studio comprising the Microwave Studio block, the manufacturer’s SPICE model is compared with measured S-Parameters of the Schottky diode. By using the diode’s measured S-Parameters and the frequency domain solver, a good agreement between simulation and measurement of the detector can be achieve
elib2cris::1512001600,linz2014
Keywords: Six-Port; Radar; Power Detector

Detector Nonlinearity in Six-Port Radar - Linz, Sarah; Will, Christoph; Lurz, Fabian; Lindner, Stefan; Mann, Sebastian; Schober, Robert; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks, 2017)
This paper presents an in-situ detector characterization and calibration method for differential I/Q Sixport radar systems. A separate calibration of the nonlinear detectors and the linear Six-port front-end enables an independent analysis of errors caused by detector nonlinearity and by the measurement scenario. A linearity analysis of various detectors in Six-port radar systems shows the necessity of a detector calibration for accurate displacement measurements. The calibration is evaluated with three different Six-port front-ends at 24 GHz in divers measurement scenarios. An error reduction of up to 50% has been achieved.
elib2cris::1512001600,linz2017

Detektionsalgorithmik und Mehrwegekompensationsverfahren für Local-Positioning-Radar-Systeme - Götz, Alexander (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,goetz2008

Detektion und Auswertung: Labview-basierte Echtzeitsignalverarbeitung für die Radarsensorik - Lurz, Fabian; Mann, Sebastian; Linz, Sarah; Lindner, Stefan; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (2016)
Hochfrequenz-Radarsensoren sind eine vielversprechende Alternative zu herkömmlichen Anwesenheitssensoren. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt ein 24-GHz-Low-Power-Radarsystem und dessen Labview-basierte Echtzeitsignalverarbeitung. Durch die phasenbasierte Messung wird eine hohe Sensitivität des Systems erreicht, sodass auch statische Personen anhand ihrer Vitalparameter detektiert werden können.
elib2cris::1512001600,lurz2016b

Determination of Changes in NaCl Concentration in Aqueous Solutions Using an M-Sequence Based Sensor System - Schmidt, Christian; Lübke, Maximilian; Dietz, Marco; Weigel, Robert; Kissinger, Dietmar; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta (IEEE International Microwave Bio-Conference, 2017)

Determination of Leaky SAW Propagation, Reflection and Coupling on LiTaO3 - Roesler, Ulrike; Cohrs, Dieter; Fischerauer, Gerhard; Dietz, A.; Ruile, Werner; Weigel, Robert (Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, 1995)
For the common LSAW cut 36°rotYX-LiTaO3 quantitative information about propagation, reflection and coupling has been theoretically determined with the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM results have been validated by both comparison with other theories and measurements. The electro-mechanical coupling coefficient k^2 and its dependence on metallization height, aperture and number of electrodes has been evaluated by measurement campaigns. We found k^2 values between 6 and 9%
elib2cris::1512001600,roesler1995

Determination of phase velocity and attenuation of surface acoustic waves with improved accuracy - Thomann, R.; Johannes, Thomas; Ruile, Werner; Weigel, Robert (Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1998)
The phase velocity and the attenuation of surface acoustic waves (SAW) are determined for Rayleigh waves on free and metallized quartz substrates. The measurement setup and the evaluation procedure based on the direct modeling of the phase for the transmitted signal are discussed. The used method is compared to other evaluation techniques. The results for the phase velocity are given and compared to theoretical values determined with a boundary element method (BEM). Parameter values for an improved model are extracted for the phase velocity as well as for the attenuation. The model is applied to the simulation of TCF-resonators and a comparison between experiment and simulation is performed
elib2cris::1512001600,thomann1998

Determination of sugar concentration in aqueous solutions using ultra-wideband microwave impedance spectroscopy - Guarin Aristizabal, Gustavo Adolfo; Hofmann, Maximilian; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg; Kissinger, Dietmar (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, 2013)
elib2cris::1512001600,guarin2013

Determination of Temperature Coefficients of Materials in RF BAW Resonators - Tag, Andreas; Bader, Bernhard; Pitschi, Maximilian; Wagner, Karl Christian; Weigel, Robert; Hagelauer, Amelie Marietta (German Microwave Conference, 2015)
A new, accurate, and fast approach for determining the temperature coefficients of the thin film materials used in RF BAW components has been developed allowing the precise modeling of BAW components at different ambient temperatures. The presented method is based on the investigation of several resonance frequencies of the resonators with different layer-stacks. The problem of determining the temperature coefficients from broadband resonator simulations and measurements was formulated as an overdetermined linear system of equations and solved by using the weighted least square method. The presented approach has been verified by measurements.
elib2cris::1512001600,tag2015

Determination of Velocity and Attenuation of Surface Acoustic Waves in Layered Piezoelectric Media - Weigel, Robert; Roesler, Ulrike; Meier, Hans; Russer, Peter (10th Annual Review of Progress in Applied Computational Electromagnetics, 1994)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel1994a

Determining Linearity of Wideband FMCW-Systems Based on Low-Cost Six-Port Technology - Wibbing, Sascha; Lurz, Fabian; Mann, Sebastian; Lindner, Stefan; Linz, Sarah; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), 2016)
This paper describes a new method for high accuracy determination of instantaneous frequency and linearity of frequency modulated continuous wave systems. The presented setup reduces the frequency measurement to a phase measurement based on Six-Port interferometer with a delay line. To extend the range of possible input frequencies and power levels, a calibration method and the appropriate correction algorithm is introduced. Evaluation of linearity and frequency of the input signal is obtained without the use of computationally intensive Fourier transform which allows the signal processing based on low-cost micro-controllers.
elib2cris::1512001600,wibbing2016

Development and Implementation of a Feature-Based Automatic Classification Algorithm for Communication Standards in the 868 MHz Band - Kuba, Matthias; Ronge, Karlheinz; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2012, 2012)
Wireless communication systems used for home automation applications in Europe suffer from the recurring standardization problem. Devices from different manufacturers often use different and incompatible protocol waveforms for communication. In this paper, we present the development and the implementation of a feature-based automatic classification algorithm for communication standards that are commonly used in the European 868 MHz short range device (SRD) frequency band, that can help to overcome this problem. The received signal is initially preprocessed and then fed to a feature extraction unit that calculates statistical parameters from the signal. Those features are then used by a classifier that is based on a simple binary decision tree. The performance of the algorithm is verified via Monte-Carlo simulation and compared to the bit error rates of the considered communication standards as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, the algorithm is implemented in a software defined radio (SDR) platform and the measurement results are compared to the simulation-based success rates.
elib2cris::1512001600,kuba2012a
Keywords: Monte Carlo methods; error statistics; feature extraction; pattern classification; software radio; statistical analysis; home automation applications; software defined radio platform

Development and Implemetation of a Time Efficient Method for SAR Analog-to-Digital Converters - Allinger, Martin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012)

Development of a mid range automotive radar sensor for future driver assistance systems - Schnabel, Raik; Hellinger, R.; Steinbuch, Dirk; Sellinger, J.; Klar, M.; Lucas, B. (International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2013)
Radar sensors are key components of modern driver assistance systems. The application of such systems in urban environments for safety applications is the primary goal of the project “Radar on Chip for Cars” (RoCC). Major outcomes of this project will be presented and discussed in this contribution. These outcomes include the specification of radar sensors for future driver assistance systems, radar concepts, and integration technologies for silicon-germanium (SiGe) MMICs, as well as the development and evaluation of a system demonstrator. A radar architecture utilizing planar antennas and highly integrated components will be proposed and discussed with respect to system specifications. The developed system demonstrator will be evaluated in terms of key parameters such as field of view, distance, and angular separability. Finally, as an outlook a new mid range radar (MRR) will be introduced incorporating several concepts and technologies developed in this project.
elib2cris::1512001600,schnabel2013
Keywords: Radar Architecture and Systems; Antenna Design; Modeling and Measurement

Development of a Multiport Test Bench and Systematic Measurements of Cable Bundles for Automotive EMV Tests - Gonser, Markus; Keller, Christian; Hansen, Jan; Weigel, Robert (Advances in Radio Science : Kleinheubacher Berichte, 2010)
In this paper the development of a cable bundle test bench is described and exemplary results of the systematic measurement of cable bundles for automotive EMC tests are presented. The test bench consists of particularly developed adapter boxes and switch matrices, which allow together with a network analyzer to perform a network analysis with up to 32 ports and up to 1 GHz. Calibration and deembedding procedures are described and validated. Cable bundles that are characteristic to automotive EMC tests are investigated with respect to the number of wires within the cable bundle, the class of the cable bundle and the type of wires.
elib2cris::1512001600,gonser2010b

Development of a novel channel model for train-onboard communication in commuter traffic at 100 km/h - Lichtblau, Johann; Lurz, Fabian; Sanftl, Benedikt; Weigel, Robert; Koelpin, Alexander (Kleinheubacher Tagung, 2019)

Development of Methods and Concepts for the Deployment of Electronics in the Containment of Nuclear Power Plants - Janke, Iryna (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2016)

Development of SAW duplexers for mobile phones - Weigel, Robert; Weigenthaler, Klaus; Dill, Roland; Schropp, Isidor (Proc. URSI 25th General Assembly, 1996)
elib2cris::1512001600,weigel1996a

Device Characterization Techniques Based on Causal Relationships - Wojnowski, Maciej; Sommer, Grit; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2012)
In this paper, we introduce a novel technique for vector network analyzer (VNA) scattering parameter (S -parameter) device characterization. The presented approach is based on causal relationships that provide a connection between the real and imaginary parts as well as between the magnitude and phase of causal network functions. We discuss the problems encountered in the practical implementation of the dispersion relationships such as numerical evaluation of the singular integrals, finite bandwidth of the experimental data, reconstruction artifacts, and nonuniqueness of dispersion relationships. To reduce these problems, we use the generalized dispersion relationships with reference points (subtractions). We develop integral relationships with subtractions and corresponding estimates for error bounds. We show that an appropriate placement of the reference points can significantly reduce the errors caused by finite spectrum. We analyze the applicability of the developed dispersion relationships to the VNA measurements. We demonstrate that certain parameters can be measured with considerably higher accuracy compared with other parameters and that it is possible to select samples from the measured data that can be used as reference points for dispersive integrals. Based on these observations, we propose a device characterization technique that consists of the causality-constrained reconstruction of the sensitive parameters of the measured devices based on more accurately measured characteristics. The proposed technique allows one to accurately characterize the parameters, like quality factor of a high-quality (high- Q) inductors or loss tangent of low-loss transmission lines, of which direct measurement is normally not possible due to limited sensitivity and dynamic range of the VNA. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we reconstruct the resistance and the quality factor of a high-Q inductor from the accurately measured inductance.
elib2cris::1512001600,wojnowski2012a
Keywords: Calibration; microwave measurements; scattering parameters

Dielectric Lens Antenna Frontend for High Resolution 77 GHz Automotive Long Range Radar - Wenig, Peter; Weigel, Robert (MTT-S International Mini-Symposium, 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,wenig2008c

Dielectric properties of unidirectional and biaxial flax/epoxy composites at frequencies up to 1 GHz - Baron, Philipp; Lenz, Philipp; Koch, Klaus Peter; Wittmann, Armin; Fischer, Georg (Materials Today Communications, 2023)

Die Zukunft der Satellitenkommunikation - Bischl, Hermann; Fuchs, Christian; Geissler, Matthias; Giggenbach, Dirk; Hein, Matthias; Jacob, Arne; Jakoby, Rolf; Kallfass, Ingmar; Kissinger, Dietmar; Martin, Siegbert; Müller, Jens; Petry, Hans-Peter; et al. (2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,bischl2016

Differential Geomagnetic Compensation Method for the Static Magnetic Localization of Capsule Endoscopes During Activities of the Daily Life - Zeising, Samuel; Thalmayer, Angelika; Fischer, Georg; Kirchner, Jens (IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2021)

Differential Measuring Dual Six-Port Concept and Antenna Design for an Inline Foil Thickness Sensor - Mann, Sebastian; Linz, Sarah; Erhardt, Stefan; Lindner, Stefan; Lurz, Fabian; Maune, Holger; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), 2016)
Sensor elements play an important role in future manufacturing plants. This paper presents a solution for an foil thickness sensor for running production lines. Based on the elaborated Six-Port concept, a differential measuring concept is proposed and discussed. Furthermore, an end-fire antenna design for the addressed application is demonstrated and far field measurement results are shown and compared to simulation. Finally, interference effects between two antennas are experimentally investigated as a function of the relative rotation between two oppositely placed device
elib2cris::1512001600,mann2016a

Differential wideband interconnects for organic millimeter wave chip packages - An effort to design an all-purpose RF chip package - Röhrl, Franz Xaver; Bogner, Werner; Jakob, Johannes; Hageneder, Daniel; Zorn, Stefan (IEEE, 2016)
In this paper a chip package is presented that is optimized for high operation frequencies and high power applications with a moderate number of signal paths. Using standard printed circuit board (PCB) materials, the package is also very cost effective. For radio frequency (RF) applications, the connection between chip and package is as important as the connection between package and baseboard. This paper presents both and shows that the package-baseboard transition is dominating the insertion and return loss at frequencies above 40 GHz, when using organic PCBs as base for the packages. Moreover, some methods are introduced to simplify the simulation models of organic PCB transitions. Because of the fully impedance controlled design process, the presented transitions can be used from DC to 67 GHz and ensure best signal integrity.
Keywords: signal integrity; differential wideband interconnection; organic millimeter wave chip packaging; standard printed circuit board material; radiofrequency application; package-baseboard transition; insertion loss; return loss; organic PCB material transition; impedance controlled design process

Digital Adaptive IIP2 Caklibration Scheme for CMOS Downconversion Mixers - Dufrene, Krzysztof; Boos, Zdravko; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2008)
elib2cris::1512001600,dufrene2008

Digital Audio Compression for Professional Applications - Brandenburg, Karlheinz; Herre, Jürgen (92nd AES Convention, 1992)
Vorträge und Veröffentlichungen auf Konferenzen_Gehörangepasste Datenreduktion

Digital Coding of High Quality Audio - Seitzer, Dieter; Sporer, Thomas; Brandenburg, Karlheinz; Gerhäuser, Heinz; Grill, Bernhard; Herre, Jürgen (IEEE 5th Annual European Computer Conference (COMPEURO 91), 1991)
Based on frequency-domain techniques, coding of high-quality audio with bit rates down to 64 kb/s is possible. This performance is achieved using perceptual coding. Transform coding can be used to get the best performance at very low bit rates. Real-time implementations of several types of low-bit-rate codecs have been developed. Standardization of low-bit-rate audio coding systems is under way in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG11 (MPEG/Audio
Vorträge und Veröffentlichungen auf Konferenzen_Gehörangepasste Datenreduktion

Digital Frequency Control Loop for Continuous-Wave and Stepped-Frequency Radars - Michler, Fabian; Neugebauer, Marcel; Scheiner, Benedict; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (2022 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNeT), 2022)

Digitalisierung in der Landwirtschaft zur Steigerung des Tierwohls - Schwenzfeier-Hellkamp, Eva; Werner, Daniel; Eßelmann, Christian; Bernhart, Kristin; Reiter, Klaus (Nachhaltigkeit und Wirtschaften – in einer digitalen Welt, 2018)

Digitally Tunable Impedance Matching Circuits in Bulk CMOS Technology - Thomas, Anthony (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2015)

Digital Phase Correction for Multiplexed ADCs in Low-Cost Six-Port Interferometers - Lurz, Fabian; Dorn, Christian; Lindner, Stefan; Linz, Sarah; Mann, Sebastian; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet), 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,lurz2016

Digital Predistortion and Crest Factor Reduction Architectures for Mobile Radio Handset Transmitters - Farabegoli, Alessio (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2016)

Digital Predistortion-Based Power Amplifier Linearization for UMTS - Springer, Andreas; Gerdenitsch, A.; Weigel, Robert (European Conference on Wireless Technology (ECWT), 2001)
elib2cris::1512001600,springer2001

Digital Transceiver Design for Data Communication in Inductive Power Transfer Systems - Sanftl, Benedikt; Pflaum, Felix; Trautmann, Martin; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (Integration of Sustainable Energy Conference, 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,sanftl2016b

Dimensioning and Comparison of Common Compensation Topologies for IPT Systems - Trautmann, Martin; Ohlendorf, Marius; Sanftl, Benedikt; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (2017 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2017)
This paper presents the dimensioning as well as the comparison of common compensation topologies for inductive power transfer (IPT) systems. A compensation is needed on the primary as well as the secondary side. It consists of a capacitor (parallel or series) in the simplest case or a combination of reactive components (like LCC). This work is the first compilation of the dimensioning, considering all potential combinations of these three compensation possibilities. The five most promising solutions are simulated and the results are compared for constant current- and voltage-operation with varying loads as well as different coupling factors. Finally the different topologies are compared by selected criteria and evaluated accordingly.
elib2cris::1512001600,trautmann2017a

Diode Detector Design for 61 GHz Substrate Integrated Waveguide Six-Port Radar Systems - Mann, Sebastian; Erhardt, Stefan; Lindner, Stefan; Lurz, Fabian; Linz, Sarah; Barbon, Francesco; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet), 2015)
Radar sensors play a key role in today’s industrial automation. Besides high accuracy, modern radar sensors have to feature high precision as well as challenging update rates. Six-Port wave correlators enable high phase resolution at high frequencies and therefore a high accuracy in radar applications. A Schottky diode detector applied to a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Six-Port is presented and measured. Furthermore, a displacement measurement using the SIW structure is performed.
elib2cris::1512001600,mann2015
Keywords: Detector; interferometer; millimeter-wave; Six-Port; RADAR; phase measurement

Diode power detector DC operating point in six-port communications receivers - Winter, Sebastian; Ehm, Henning; Kölpin, Alexander; Weigel, Robert (Microwave Conference, 2007. European, 2007)
In this paper a diode power detector circuit is investigated for application in a six-port communications receiver. The diode behavior is modeled by the fundamental diode equation, which is solved for the output DC operating point applying an expansion theorem of modified Bessel functions for the exponential function. The results are compared with a Harmonic Balance system simulation and the closely matching results show that the assumptions made to find the numerical solution hold true.
elib2cris::1512001600,winter2007a
Keywords: DC operating point; Schottky diode frequency converters; Schottky diode power detectors; six-port communications receiver; Circuit simulation; Detectors; Equations; Filters; Frequency conversion; Microwave communication; RF signals; Radio frequency

Direct computation for high performance interpolation filter - Abd El-Azeem, Ratshih S.; El-Moursy, Magdy A.; Nassar, Amin M.; Radwan, Ahmed; Abou-El-Kheir, Nahla T.; El-Kharashi, Moataz S. (Microelectronics Journal, 2016)
A Computational Filter (CF) that employs a sample calculation functional block is presented. CF significantly reduces the hardware requirements to realize an interpolation filter2. The Computational Filter is compared with advanced Finite Impulse Response (CFIR). CFIR programmable filter is implemented using a Computation Sharing Multiplication (CSHM) technique to optimize the conventional design. The proposed CF significantly reduces the implementation area as compared to CFIR. The maximum average error for wide range of interpolation factors from 8 to 256 is 2.59% for CF and 0.02% for CFIR. Xilinx Virtex5 FPGA XC5VTX240T device is used to compare the proposed design and the advanced CFIR for interpolation factor of 8, 16, 32, and 64. The Computational Filter average reduction in hardware implementation is 78.8%, 89.5%, 94.5%, and 97.1% for interpolation factor of 8, 16, 32, and 64, respectively. The maximum operating frequency for the CFIR is 1 MHz. The maximum operating frequency is 0.92 MHz, 0.57 MHz, 0.32 MHz, and 0.2 MHz for interpolation factor of 8, 16, 32, and 64, respectively.
elib2cris::1512001600,el-azeem2016

Directional Couplers from 30 to 140 GHz in Silicon - Lämmle, Benjamin; Schmalz, Klaus; Scheytt, Christoph; Kölpin, Alexander; Weigel, Robert (Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC 2010), 2010)
In this paper directional couplers with reduced size, by lumped elements, inverted microstrip, and broadside coupled lines at 61, 110, and 122 GHz center frequency and up to 156-GHz bandwidth have been designed. The couplers show an isolation up to 40 dB. Different SiGe BiCMOS technologies with 250-nm and 130-nm feature width and 5 to 7 metal layers have been used. The measurement results have been compared to simulation results and good agreement has been observed.
elib2cris::1512001600,laemmle2010c
Keywords: Directional couplers; BiCMOS integrated circuits; SiGe BiCMOS technologies; broadside coupled lines; inverted microstrip; silicon; bandwidth; millimeter wave directional couplers; passive circuits

Directive Antenna Design at 2.4 GHz on Foot Surface for Wanderer Location Identification - Haque, Ismail; Yoshibayashi, Kengo; Wang, Jianqing; Fischer, Georg; Kirchner, Jens (ISAP2020 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2021)
Keywords: directive antenna; wearables; mobile health

Direct Sampling Receiver with an Adjustable Bandpass Filter for Use in Passive Radar with FM Radio - Horlbeck, Marie; Fiedelak, Jonathan; Kurin, Thomas; Scheiner, Benedict; Weigel, Robert; Lurz, Fabian (2024 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), 2024)
This paper presents a direct sampling receiver with an adjustable bandpass filter for passive radar with FM radio. The adjustable bandpass filter allows the advantages of a direct sampling receiver, such as its good linearity properties, to be exploited without the use of additional attenuators at high signal levels, which leads to an increased noise figure, or narrowband filters with a fixed centre frequency, which limits the flexibility in the selection of the useful signal.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-03-15
Keywords: adjustable filter; digitally tuneable capacitance; direct sampling receiver; passive radar

Discrete Load-Modulated Single-RF MIMO Transmitters - Sedaghat, Mohammad Ali; Müller, Ralf; Fischer, Georg; Ali, Arslan (20th Int’l ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas, 2016)

Discussion on Receiver Topologies in the Context of Intelligence Applications - Mzyk, Raphael; Dehm-Andone, Gunther; Hausknecht, Frank (Electrical and Electronic Engineering for Communication, 2011)
elib2cris::1512001600,mzyk2011
Keywords: scanning receiver; Intelligence; receiver topologies; KAIMAN

Disjoint Sum of Products by Orthogonalizing Difference-Building circle minus - Can, Yavuz; Yaz, Onder; Fey, Dietmar (Open Engineering, 2020)
The orthogonalization of Boolean functions in disjunctive form, that means a Boolean function formed by sum of products, is a classical problem in the Boolean algebra. In this work, the novel methodology ORTH[circle minus] of orthogonalization which is an universally valid formula based on the combination technique "orthogonalizing difference-building circle minus" is presented. Therefore, the technique circle minus is used to transform Sum of Products into disjoint Sum of Products. The scope of orthogonalization will be solved by a novel formula in a mathematically easier way. By a further procedure step of sorting product terms, a minimized disjoint Sum of Products can be reached. Compared to other methods or heuristics ORTH[circle minus] provides a faster computation time.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-07-17

Distance and Vehicle Speed Estimation in OFDM Multipath Channels - El Assaad, Ahmad; Krug, Markus; Fischer, Georg (MIKON 2016 - International Conference on Microwave, Radar and Wireless Communications, 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,assaad2016a

Distance and Vehicle Speed Estimation Using a Uniform Circular Array Antenna - El Assaad, Ahmad; Krug, Markus; Fischer, Georg (Vehicular Technology Conference, 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,assaad2016

Distance measurements and limitations based on guided wave 24 GHz dual tone Six-port radar - Lindner, Stefan; Barbon, Francesco; Linz, Sarah; Mann, Sebastian; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2015)
In the following, a continuous wave radar system based on the Six-port principle will be shown for measurement tasks at enclosed systems needing micrometer accuracy as well as high update rates like tank level monitoring or hydraulic cylinder piston control. To exceed the ambiguity limit of such an interferometric system, a dual tone approach is used. The system will be presented with measurement results at 24 GHz within a WR42 waveguide to prove the feasibility of the proposed concept. Furthermore, considerations on timing will show the potential as a low-latency system, capable of high measurement data update rates, and different influences on the system performance and limitations of such a system will be discussed in comparison to alternative setups.
elib2cris::1512001600,lindner2015a

Distance Measurements Based on Guided Wave 24 GHz Dual Tone Six-Port Radar - Lindner, Stefan; Barbon, Francesco; Linz, Sarah; Mann, Sebastian; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (11th European Radar Conference (EuRAD), 2014)
In the following, a continuous wave (cw) radar system based on the Six-Port principle will be shown for measurement tasks at enclosed systems needing micrometer accuracy as well as high update rates like tank level monitoring or hydraulic cylinder piston control. To exceed the ambiguity limit of such an interferometric system a dual tone approach is used, extending the unambiguity range to several wavelengths. The system will be presented with measurement results at 24 GHz within a WR42 waveguide to prove the feasibility of the proposed concept.
elib2cris::1512001600,lindner2014
Keywords: distance measurement; interferometry; phase measurement; radar; Six-Port; Waveguide

Distance Measurement with UHF RFID Transponders - Ußmüller, Thomas; Heidrich, Jürgen; Brenk, Daniel; Essel, Jochen; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Workshop on Innovative and Highly Accurate Local Positioning Systems, 2011)
elib2cris::1512001600,ussmueller2011b

Distance Measurement with UHF Transponders by Means of Modulated Backscattering - Heidrich, Jürgen; Brenk, Daniel; Essel, Jochen; Schwarzer, Stefan; Weigel, Robert; Fischer, Georg (20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications (ICECom 2010), 2010)
This paper evaluates the implementation of a Round-Trip-of-Flight (RToF) technique into a UHF transponder. Different possible transponder architectures are investigated and measurement results for a passive design are shown at circuit level. The chip is designed based on a 0.13 μm CMOS technology.
elib2cris::1512001600,heidrich2010e
Keywords: CMOS integrated circuits; CMOS technology; Radar tracking; Transponders; electromagnetic wave scattering; CMOS; RFID; RToF technique; UHF transponder; distance measurement; modulated backscattering; round-trip-of-flight technique; EPC; FMCW; Radio Frequency Identification; local positioning; low-power; low-voltage

Distributed Amplifier with Multiple Power Modes for Linear Mobile Phone Application - Wang, Wei; Fischer, Georg; van den Oever, Leon; Korden, Christian; Weigel, Robert (German Microwave Conference, 2011)
A tapered distributed power amplifier is designed for linear mobile phone power application, which covers the 3G mobile phone bandwidth from 800 MHz-2 GHz completely. It illustrates the opportunity of multiple power modes capability for power added efficiency (PAE) enhancement. Each power mode fulfills the WCDMA linearity specification up to a specific maximal output power.
elib2cris::1512001600,wang2011
Keywords: 3G mobile communication; mobile handsets; power amplifiers; 3G mobile phone bandwidth; linear mobile phone application; multiple power modes

Distributed Routing and Power Control Algorithms in Fixed Wireless Networks - Ferizi, Alban (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2007)

Diversity Enhanced Multiuser and Multicarrier Mobile Radio Communications Systems - Raulefs, Roland (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2009)

Does PMSE waste spectrum? - A balanced view from an engineer in Communications and Cellular - Fischer, Georg (Electrical and Electronic Engineering for Communication Workshop - Entwicklerforum - Fachmesse, 2013)
elib2cris::1512001600,fischer2013

Doherty's Dominance Continued: A Linear PA Using GaN-on-Si - Deublein, Alexander; Loose, Michael; Illmer, Andreas; Musolff, Christian; Irnstorfer, Florian; Weigel, Robert; Ackermann, Thomas (IEEE Microwave Magazine, 2023)
Most RF and millimeter-wave systems for communications and radar include at least one transmitter used to up-convert, amplify, and potentially radiate the desired signal without distortion. Moreover, this part of the system, and in particular its power amplifier (PA), does typically dominate the total power consumption of electronic infrastructure systems. Thus, increasing the PA’s efficiency is the most effective way to enhance the overall power efficiency of such system
Keywords: Power Amplifier; PA; GaN; GaN-on-Si

Drahtloses Laden - Prinzip, Technik und Anwendung in einem Tele-Care Assistenz-System - Schwarzmeier, Andre (EEEfCOM – Hochfrequenzelektronik, Komponenten, Module, EMV, Medizintechnik und drahtlose Sensortechnik, 2013)
Insbesondere Tele-Care Assistenzsysteme profitieren durch die drahtlose Ladetechnik. So werden wasserdichte, desinfizierbare und anwenderfreundliche Assistenzsysteme ermöglicht.
elib2cris::1512001600,schwarzmeier2013a
Keywords: Wireless Power; QI Standard; Tele Care; Medical Platform; Medical; Battery Charger

Dual-Mode Substrate Wave Cancellation in a 120 GHz 2×2 on-Chip Dipole Array - Lammert, Vincent; Leyrer, Michael; Hamouda, Mohamed; Weigel, Robert; Issakov, Vadim (IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2022)
In this paper we present the design of a 120 GHz 2×2 dipole array in a 130 nm SiGe technology, which employs dual mode substrate wave cancellation to improve radiation efficiency and to avoid uncontrolled radiation from the chip edges. We show a systematic analysis of the involved dielectric slab modes TM0 and TE1 and their effects on the radiation pattern and efficiency. Based on this, the position and orientation of the array elements are derived for optimal cancellation of substrate waves and different feeding techniques are compared. The dipole array shows a measured realized gain of 1 dBi (including GSG-pad, Balun and matching-capacitor, all on-chip), an S11-Bandwidth of 18 GHz and a realized gain bandwidth of 16 GHz. Very good correlation between simulations and measurements is achieved through careful modeling of the probe-effects. The presented results provide useful insights on the design of on-chip dipole arrays for future mm-wave applications in standard SiGe or CMOS technologies.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15
Keywords: Antenna arrays; Antenna arrays; Dielectrics; Dipole antennas; Dipole antennas; Integrated Circuits; Passive Circuits; Semiconductor Waveguides; Silicon; Slabs; Substrates; System-on-chip

Dual Tone Approach for Unambiguous Six-Port Based Interferometric Distance Measurements - Lindner, Stefan; Barbon, Francesco; Mann, Sebastian; Vinci, Gabor; Weigel, Robert; Kölpin, Alexander (IEEE International Microwave Symposium, 2013)
This publication shows an approach for absolute, unambiguous distance measurements with a Six-Port radar at 24 GHz. Such an interferometric radar has the drawback of ambiguity problem concerning phase, limiting the measuring distance to half of the used wavelength. This can be solved with the presented dual tone system using the resulting beat frequency between two tones to determine an absolute position within even several wavelengths. In the following, this system will be presented along with simulations and measurements proving the concept.
elib2cris::1512001600,lindner2013
Keywords: distance measurement; radar interferometry; absolute position determination

Dynamic, nonlinear and passive immunity model of microcontroller for time domain simulation - Su, Tao; Unger, Markus; Steinecke, Thomas; Weigel, Robert (APEMC 2008 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2008)
This paper presents an approach to simulate the immunity of the microcontroller based on dynamic, nonlinear and passive model. By introducing the dynamic elements, this modelling technique reflects both those dynamic and nonlinear behaviour of ports and cores of the microcontroller. It can simulate not only external interference from outside but also the internal interference of the microcontroller itself. The dynamic model is suitable for time domain simulation. It is capable of simulating both RF and pulse immunity of the microcontroller.
elib2cris::1512001600,su2008b
Keywords: Immunity; Dynamic; Nonlinear; Passive; Modelling; Microcontroller

Dynamic Pixel Binning allows Spatial and Angular Resolution Tradeoffs to improve Image Quality in X-Ray C-Arm CT - Steg, Alexander; Reichenbach, Marc; Söll, Christopher; Shi, Lan; Maier, Andreas; Riess, Christian (IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2016)
When designing an acquisition protocol for a C-arm CT acquisition, a tradeoff has to be made between scan time and the amount of acquired data. If the scan is increased, data of spatially and angular higher resolution can be acquired. If the scan time is fixed, one has to tradeoff spatial and angular resolution, which may either lead to oversmoothing or artifacts from angular undersampling. In this work, we investigate the viability of smart cameras for pushing the boundary for this bottleneck considerably further. The detector pixels are enhanced by processing units that are able to perform a limited amount of local operations. This allows an online, dynamical adaptation of the pixel binning, depending on whether a local neighborhood is smooth or not. We demonstrate on phantom data that this approach allows to save about 75% of the data, obtaining a reconstruction quality comparable to 1 x 1 binning at a data rate comparable to 2 x 2 pixel binning.
elib2cris::1512001600,steg2016
Keywords: Pixel Binning; X-ray detector; C-arm reconstruction; Dynamic Pixel Binning; X-ray C-arm CT

Dynamic Service Switching for the Medical Internet of Things - Kindt, Philipp; Yunge, Daniel; Tobola, Andreas; Fischer, Georg; Chakraborty, Samarjit (IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2016)
elib2cris::1512001600,kindt2016

ECG Measurement by Use of Passive Capacitively Coupled Electrodes - Kirchner, Jens; Roth, Nils; Meyer, Andreas; Fischer, Georg (Proc. IEEE Sensors Conf., 2016)
The prototype of a capacitive ECG measurement device with purely passive signal transmission between electrodes and differential amplifier is presented. This design is intended to improve transmission symmetry and thus common-mode rejection. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by measurements with different materials between body surface and electrodes. The ECG module shall be incorporated in a mobile sensor platform in the form of a plaster for the monitoring of chronic diseases.
elib2cris::1512001600,kirchner2016
Keywords: electrocardiogram; ECG; capacitive electrodes; passive channel; chronic disease monitoring

Edge Position Modulation for High-Speed Wireless Infrared Communications - Lüftner, Thomas; Kröpl, Christian; Huemer, Mario; Hausner, Josef; Hagelauer, Richard; Weigel, Robert (IEE Proceedings Optoelectronics, 2003)
Driven by the Infrared Data Association (IrDA), wireless infrared communication has become a very popular and widely used method for short-range data transmission between mobile devices such as laptops, PDAs and mobile phones. The quality and speed of infrared communications are mainly limited by the bandwidth of the infrared transceivers. Therefore, it is important to use a modulation technique with a high bandwidth efficiency, while simultaneously maintaining a low bit-error rate and high power efficiency. Consequently, the IrDA has continuously improved the modulation techniques of its standards by introducing return to zero (inverted), RZ(I), for the serial infrared (SIR) mode, 4-pulse position modulation (4-PPM) for the fast infrared (FIR) mode and HHH(1,13) for the latest very fast infrared (VFIR) mode (serial infrared physical layer specification, version 1.4, May 2001). This article presents a new modulation scheme called edge position modulation (EPM) with run-length-limited (RLL) coding, which offers an increased bandwidth efficiency over the previous methods and an attractive power efficiency. Since the novel modulation technique can be optimised to the characteristics of the wireless infrared channel, it also maintains low bit-error rates.
elib2cris::1512001600,lueftner2003d
Keywords: jitter; optical communication; optical links; pulse position modulation; runlength codes; wireless LAN; 4-pulse position modulation; return to zero

Edge Position Modulation for Wireless Infrared Communications Based on Novel 1/3 Rate RLL(5,12) Code - Lüftner, Thomas; Huemer, Mario; Hagelauer, Richard; Weigel, Robert; Hausner, Josef (World Multi-conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2005)
elib2cris::1512001600,lueftner2005a
Keywords: Infrared; Modulation

Edge Position Modulation for Wireless Infrared Communications - Lüftner, Thomas (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2005)

Effects of Bulk Wave Radiation on IDT Admittance on 36YX-LiTaO3 - Hashimoto, Ken-ya; Yamaguchi, Masatsune; Kovacs, Günter; Wagner, Karl Christian; Ruile, Werner; Weigel, Robert (IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium, 2000)
elib2cris::1512001600,hashimoto2000

Effects of Bulk Wave Radiation on IDT Admittance on 42°YX-LiTaO3 - Hashimoto, Ken-ya; Yamaguchi, Masatsune; Kovacs, Günter; Wagner, Karl Christian; Ruile, Werner; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2001)
This paper investigates the effects of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) radiation on the admittance of interdigital transducers (IDTs) with significant internal reflections of shear horizontal (SH) type leaky surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on 42 YX-LiTaO3 (42-LT). Theoretical analysis is made by using the discrete Green function theory, and synchronous one-port resonators are analyzed. It is shown that the BAW radiation significantly affects the IDT characteristics even for resonators; under certain circumstances, BAWs launched from an IDT are converted into SH-type SAWs by the strong internal reflections, and they interact with the BAWs radiated by the IDT. Then, the net amount of the radiated BAW power is highly dependent upon the number of IDT finger pairs. For the precise simulation of devices based on the SH-type SAWs with strong internal reflections, the BAW radiation should carefully be taken into consideration. If the BAW radiation is ignored, the radiated power of the SH-type SAWs may seem to be negative above the BAW cut-off frequency
elib2cris::1512001600,hashimoto2001
Keywords: Surface acoustic waves; Sawing machines; Permittivity; Green function; Fingers; Gratings; Admittance; Cutoff frequency; Acoustic reflection; Acoustic waves

Effects of Nonlinear Amplifier Distortions on UMTS Transmitter System Performance - Springer, Andreas; Frauscher, Thomas; Adler, Bernd; Pimingsdorfer, Dieter; Weigel, Robert (European Conference on Wireless Technology, 2000)
elib2cris::1512001600,springer2000c

Effects of Target Displacement on Single-Snapshot DOA Estimation in Automotive Radar - Liu, Haoqing; Fuchs, Jonas; Horn, Thomas; Gardill, Markus (2021 IEEE Topical Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNeT), 2021)
This paper focuses on the effect of range velocity displacement of two targets on the accuracy of direction-of-arrival estimation in an automotive radar system. A simulative analysis is performed to evaluate the effect on the received signal phases for two targets with different positions, i.e. range and velocity displacement, within a range velocity cell. Experiments show an increasing error of the maximum likelihood estimation for two targets azimuth angle, as their spacing within the range velocity cell is increased. Finally the root cause and the impact of this behavior on real-world scenarios is analyze

Efficiency Analysis of the Asymmetric 2-Level Outphasing PA with Rayleigh Enveloped Signals - Abou-Chahine, Zeid; Felgentreff, Tilman; Fischer, Georg; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Topical Conference on Power Amplifiers for Wireless and Radio Applications (PAWR), 2012)
This paper focuses on the analysis of the generalized asymmetric outphasing amplification, yielding an expression for its combining efficiency. It also briefly reviews the outphasing power amplifier (PA) concept and interprets it from a functional perspective. The paper concludes with an analytical efficiency optimization for the 2-level asymmetric case with the transmitted signal having a Rayleigh amplitude distribution.
elib2cris::1512001600,abou-chahine2012
Keywords: optimisation; power amplifiers; Rayleigh amplitude distribution; Rayleigh enveloped signals; asymmetric 2-level outphasing PA; efficiency analysis; efficiency optimization; generalized asymmetric outphasing amplification; outphasing power amplifier; Bandwidth; Microwave circuits; Microwave communication; Modulation; Optimization; Peak to average power ratio; Outphasing architecture; RF PA; Rayleigh PDF; Wilkinson power combining; efficiency maximization

Efficient Analysis Tool for Coupled-SAW-Resonator Filters - Scholl, Gerd; Christ, Andreas; Ruile, Werner; Russer, Peter; Weigel, Robert (IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 1991)
The advantages of the coupled-mode (COM) formalism and the transmission-matrix approach are combined in order to create exact and computationally efficient analysis and synthesis tools for the design of coupled surface acoustic wave resonator filters. The models for the filter components, in particular gratings, interdigital transducers (IDTs) and multistrip couplers (MSCs), are based on the COM approach that delivers closed-form expressions. To determine the pertinent COM parameters, the COM differential equations are solved and the solution is compared with analytically derived expressions from the transmission-matrix approach and the Green's function method. The most important second-order effects, such as energy storage, propagation loss, and mechanical and electrical loading, are fully taken into account. As an example, a two-pole, acoustically coupled resonator filter at 914.5 MHz on AT quartz is investigated. Excellent agreement between theory and measurement is found.<>
elib2cris::1512001600,scholl1991
Keywords: Green's function methods; crystal resonators; matrix algebra; passive filters; surface acoustic wave devices; 914.5 MHz; Gratings; Resonator filters

Efficient Design Tool for SAW-Resonator Filters - Scholl, Gerd; Christ, Andreas; Grassl, Hans-Peter; Ruile, Werner; Russer, Peter; Weigel, Robert (Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1989, 1989)
The advantages of the coupling-of-modes (COM) formalism and the transmission-matrix approach are combined to create exact and computationally efficient analysis and synthesis CAD tools for the design of SAW-resonator filters. The models for the filter components, especially gratings, interdigital transducers (IDTs). and multistrip couplers (MSCs), are based on the COM approach, which delivers closed-form expressions. In order to determine the relevant COM parameters, the integrated COM differential equations are compared with analytically derived expressions from the transmission-matrix approach. The most important second-order effects such as energy storage, propagation loss and mechanical and electrical loading are fully taken into account. As an example, the authors investigate a two-pole, acoustically coupled resonator filter at 914.5 MHz on AT quartz. Excellent agreement between theory and measurement is found
–empty–::1512001600,scholl1989
Keywords: CAD; surface acoustic wave filters; ultrasonic device; electrical loading; energy storage; gratings; interdigital transducers; Closed-form solution