The Development of the Nuremberg Gifted Identification Checklist (NGIC) - Harder, Bettina; Mahn, M; Trottler, Susanne; Ziegler, Albert (3rd International Conference on Talent Development & Excellence (ICTDE), 2013)

The development of the Nuremberg Gifted Identification Checklist (NGIC) - Ziegler, Albert; Harder, Bettina; Mahn, M; Trottler, Susanne (20th Biennial World Conference of the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children (WCGTC), 2013)

The dual impact of gender and the influence of timing of parenthood on men’s and women’s career development: Longitudinal findings. - Abele, Andrea E.; Spurk, Daniel (International journal of behavioral development, 2011)
This study investigated the impact of gender, the gender-related self-concept (agency and communion), and the timing of parenthood on objective career success of 1,015 highly educated professionals. Hypotheses derived from a dual-impact model of gender and career-related processes were tested in a 5-wave longitudinal study over a time span of 10 years starting with participants’ career entry. In line with our hypotheses we found that the communal component of the gender self-concept had an impact on parenthood, and the agentic component influenced work hours and objective career success (salary, status) of both women and men. Parenthood had a negative direct influence on women’s work hours and a negative indirect influence on women’s objective career success. Women who had their first child around career entry were relatively least successful over the observation period. Men’s career success was independent of parenthood. Sixty-five percent of variance in women’s career success and 33% of variance in men’s career success was explained by the factors analyzed here. Mothers with partners working full time reduced their work hours more than mothers with partners not working full time. A test for a possible reverse influence of career success on the decision to become a parent revealed no effect for men and equivocal effects for women. We conclude that the transition to parenthood still is a crucial factor for women’s career development both from an external gender perspective (expectations, gender roles) and from an internal perspective (gender-related self-concept). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: gender differences; gender related self concept; agency; communion; timing of parenthood; career development; career success; working hours

The effectiveness of a one-year online mentoring program for girls in STEM - Stöger, Heidrun; Duan, X; Schirner, Sigrun; Greindl, Teresa; Ziegler, Albert (Computers & Education, 2013)

The effectiveness of a one-year web-based mentoring program for girls in STEM - Greindl, Teresa; Schirner, Sigrun; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Proceedings of the IADIS International conference Web Based Communities and Social Media, 2013)

The effectiveness of treatment for sexual offenders: A comprehensive meta-analysis - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2005)
The article reports a meta-analysis on controlled outcome evaluations of sexual offender treatment. From 2,039 documents published in five languages, 69 studies containing 80 independent comparisons between treated and untreated offenders fulfilled stepwise eligibility criteria (total N = 22,181). Despite a wide range of positive and negative effect sizes, the majority confirmed the benefits of treatment. Treated offenders showed 6 percentage points or 37% less sexual recidivism than controls. Effects for violent and general recidivism were in a similar range. Organic treatments (surgical castration and hormonal medication) showed larger effects than psychosocial interventions. However, this difference was partially confounded with methodological and offender variables. Among psychological programs, cognitive–behavioral approaches revealed the most robust effect. Nonbehavioral treatments did not demonstrate a significant impact. There was no outcome difference between randomized and other designs, however, group equivalence was associated with slightly larger effects. Various other moderators had a stronger impact on effect size (e.g., small sample size, quality of outcome reporting, program completion vs. dropout, age homogeneity, outpatient treatment, and authorsrs' affiliation with the program). More differentiated, high-quality evaluations are needed to clarify: What works for whom under which circumstances?
Keywords: Meta-Analyse; Sexualstraftäter; Wirkungsevaluation

The Effect of Digital Mindfulness Interventions on Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Mefrouche, Monique L.; Siegmann, Eva-Maria; Böhme, Stephanie; Berking, Matthias; Kornhuber, Johannes (European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 2023)
Introduction. Pregnancy is a unique time in a woman’s life that can be both exciting and challenging. It is also a period that can be associated with significant stress, anxiety, and depression, which can have negative consequences for both the mother and the baby. Mindfulness interventions are known to be a well-suited treatment and prevention method for psychiatric symptoms in pregnancy, and web-based applications have been explored. We here present an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized–controlled trials to investigate the effect of digital-based mindfulness interventions on depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms during pregnancy. Methods. The systematic literature search and data extraction was performed by two independent raters. It resulted in 13 eligible studies overall comprising 1373 participants. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses for depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms after completion of a digital mindfulness intervention (compared to a control group). Results. Digital mindfulness intervention methods were significantly able to reduce depression (g = −0.47, 95% CI [−0.9; −0.09]) and anxiety symptoms (g = −0.41, 95% CI [−0.77; −0.05]), but not stress symptoms. These effects were moderated by the attrition rate (βDepression = 0.025, pDepression < 0.01; βAnxiety = 0.022, pAnxiety < 0.01; βStress = 0.022, pStress < 0.01). Primiparity also had a significant influence on the intervention effect regarding depression symptoms (β = 0.033, p = 0.024). Conclusions. Digital mindfulness interventions are a promising method to reduce mental health symptoms in pregnant women. We identified certain parameters moderating this effect, for example, primiparity and the attrition rate.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: anxiety; depression; digital; meta-analysis; mindfulness; pregnancy; stress

The effect of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in university and college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Bolinski, F.; Boumparis, N.; Kleiboer, A.; Cuijpers, P.; Ebert, David; Riper, H. (Internet Interventions, 2020)
Background: Mental health symptoms are common among college and university students and these can affect their academic performance. E-mental health interventions have proven effective in addressing mental health complaints but their effect on academic performance has not been synthesized yet. Objectives: To synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in college and university students compared to inactive controls. Data sources and eligibility criteria: We searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science) during the period January 2000 until September 2019 for randomized controlled trials that reported on e-mental health interventions (guided or unguided) for college and university students and measured academic performance (e.g. grade point average). Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Study and participant characteristics and the academic performance measures at post-intervention were extracted. The latter were pooled and Hedges' g was calculated as the effect size. Heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated. Results: Six studies containing 2428 participants were included in the meta-analysis. These focussed on either mood and anxiety or alcohol and tobacco use. The pooling of data resulted in a small but non-significant effect of g = 0.26 (95% CI, −0.00, 0.52; p = .05) on academic performance, favouring e-mental health interventions over inactive controls. Interventions had positive effects on depression (g = −0.24) and anxiety (g = −0.2). Heterogeneity was high. Discussion: Despite the small and non-significant effect, our meta-analysis points to a promising direction for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions on academic performance. Yet, these results must be interpreted with caution, as heterogeneity was high and few studies on the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions for students reported academic performance measures.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-05-08
Keywords: Academic performance; College; E-mental health; Meta-analysis; Students; University

The effect of perceived appearance judgments on psychological and biological stress processes across adulthood - Sabik, Natalie J.; Geiger, Ashley M.; Thoma, Myriam; Gianferante, Danielle; Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta M. (Stress and Health, 2019)

The effects of cognitive and behavioural therapies for anxiety disorders on depression: a meta-analysis - Cuijpers, P.; Cristea, I. A.; Weitz, E.; Gentili, C.; Berking, Matthias (Psychological Medicine, 2016)
Conclusions. Patients participating in trials of cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders have high levels of depression. These treatments have considerable effects on depression, and these effects are comparable to those of treatment of primary MDD.
Keywords: Cognitive behavioural therapy; generalized anxiety disorder; major depression; panic disorder; social anxiety disorder; Cognitive behavioural therapy; generalized anxiety disorder; major depression; panic disorder; social anxiety disorder

The effects of fifteen evidence-supported therapies for adult depression: A meta-analytic review - Cuijpers, Pim; Karyotaki, Eirini; de Wit, Leonore; Ebert, David (Psychotherapy Research, 2019)
Objective: In the past decades, many different types of psychotherapy for adult depression have been developed. Method: In this meta-analysis we examined the effects of 15 different types of psychotherapy using 385 comparisons between a therapy and a control condition: Acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), guided self-help using a self-help book from David Burns, Beck’s CBT, the “Coping with Depression” course, two subtypes of behavioral activation, extended and brief problem-solving therapy, self-examination therapy, brief psychodynamic therapy, non-directive counseling, full and brief interpersonal psychotherapy, and life review therapy. Results: The effect sizes ranged from g = 0.38 for the “Coping with Depression” course to g = 1.10 for life review therapy. There was significant publication bias for most therapies. In 70% of the trials there was at least some risk of bias. After adjusting studies with low risk of bias for publication bias, only two types of therapy remained significant (the “Coping with Depression” course, and self-examination therapy). Conclusions: We conclude that the 15 types of psychotherapy may be effective in the treatment of depression. However, the evidence is not conclusive because of high levels of heterogeneity, publication bias, and the risk of bias in the majority of studies.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-08-20
Keywords: depression; major depression; meta-analysis; psychotherapy; types of therapy

The effects of inhibitory control training for preschoolers on reasoning ability and neural activity - Liu, Q; Zhu, X; Ziegler, Albert; Shi, J (Scientific Reports, 2015)

The Effects of Meditation, Yoga, and Mindfulness on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Tertiary Education Students: A Meta-Analysis - Breedvelt, Josefien J. F.; Amanvermez, Yagmur; Harrer, Mathias; Karyotaki, Eirini; Gilbody, Simon; Bockting, Claudi L. H.; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019)
Background: Meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular interventions at universities and tertiary education institutes to improve mental health. However, the effects on depression, anxiety, and stress are unclear. This study assessed the effectiveness of meditation, yoga, and mindfulness on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in tertiary education students.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-05-09

The effects of patients’ expectations on surgery outcome in total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prognostic factor meta-analysis - Laferton, Johannes; Oeltjen, Lara; Neubauer, Karolin; Ebert, David D.; Munder, Thomas (Health Psychology Review, 2020)
Patients’ expectations are among the most frequently studied psychological prognostic factors in total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). So far, however, evidence on the effect of patients’ preoperative expectations on surgery outcome is inconclusive. Heterogeneity of expectation constructs and the use of psychometrically not evaluated measurement instruments have constituted major obstacles for the integration of the current literature. Using a theory-based model of expectation constructs, this meta-analysis set out to disentangle the conflicting results in the current literature. Systematic literature searches yielded k = 46 studies (N = 10,465) that reported associations of preoperative expectations with postoperative pain, functioning and disability, and satisfaction. Random effects meta-analysis revealed a robust small association (r =.16; 95% CI.13,.19) between patients’ positive preoperative expectations and better postoperative outcomes. This effect did not differ between THA and TKA, different outcome categories and different follow-up periods. Studies using psychometrically evaluated expectation measures reported significantly higher effects (r =.19; 95% CI.16,.22). Whether this effect varies among different expectation constructs remains unclear. High-quality studies using validated, multidimensional expectation measures are needed to further understand the role of different expectation constructs in THA and TKA surgery.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-25
Keywords: arthroplasty; joint replacement surgery; meta-analysis; osteoarthritis; Patients’ expectations; placebo effect

The effects of sexual offender treatment on recidivism: An international meta-analysis of sound quality evaluations - Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2015)
Objectives: Sound evaluations of sexual offender treatment are essential for an evidence-based crime policy. However, previous reviews substantially varied in their mean effects and were often based on methodologically weak primary studies. Therefore the present study contains an update of our meta-analysis in the first issue of this journal (Lösel & Schmucker, 2005). It includes more recent primary research and is restricted to comparisons with equivalent treatment and control groups and official measures of recidivism as outcome criteria. Methods: Applying a detailed search procedure which yielded more than 3,000 published and unpublished documents, we identified 29 eligible comparisons containing a total of 4,939 treated and 5,448 untreated sexual offenders. The study effects were integrated using a random effects model and further analyzed with regard to treatment, offender, and methodological characteristics to identify moderator variables. Results: All eligible comparisons evaluated psychosocial treatment (mainly cognitive behavioral programs). None of the comparisons evaluating organic treatments fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The mean effect size for sexual recidivism was smaller than in our previous meta-analysis but still statistically significant (OR = 1.41, p < .01). This equates to a difference in recidivism of 3.6 percentage points (10.1% in treated vs. 13.7% in untreated offenders) and a relative reduction in recidivism of 26.3%. The significant overall effect was robust against outliers, but contained much heterogeneity. Methodological quality did not significantly influence effect sizes, but there were only few randomized designs present. Cognitive-behavioral and multi-systemic treatment as well as studies with small samples, medium to high risk offenders, more individualized treatment, and good descriptive validity revealed better effects. In contrast to treatment in the community, treatment in prisons did not reveal a significant mean effect, but there were some prison studies with rather positive outcomes. Conclusions: Although our findings are promising, the evidence basis for sex offender treatment is not yet satisfactory. More randomized trials and high-quality quasi-experiments are needed, particularly outside of North America. In addition, there is a clear need of more differentiated process and outcome evaluations that address the questions of what works with whom, in what contexts, under what conditions, with regard to what outcomes, and also why.
Keywords: Sexualstraftäter; Therapie; Wirkungsevaluation; Metaanalyse

The efficacy of a transdiagnostic emotion regulation skills training in the treatment of binge-eating disorder-Results from a randomized controlled trial - Berking, Matthias; Eichler, Eva; Naumann, Eva; Svaldi, Jennifer (British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2022)
Objectives Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) have been shown to be associated with binge-eating disorder (BED). To further clarify the causal nature of this association, we tested whether systematically enhancing ER skills would reduce symptoms of BED. Methods We randomly allocated N = 101 individuals meeting the criteria for BED to a transdiagnostic ER skills training or to a waitlist control condition (WLC). Primary outcome was the reduction in binges during the treatment-vs.-waiting period as assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview. Results Mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that the average pre-to-post decrease in binges assessed with the EDE was significantly greater in the ER skills training condition than in the WLC (d = 0.66). These effects were stable over the 6-month follow-up period (d = 0.72). Remission rates at post/follow-up were 34.4/45.0% in the skills training and 7.5/20.0% in the WLC. Additionally, we found a greater reduction in general eating disorder psychopathology, of food consumption in a bogus taste test and of depression in the ER skills training condition. Moreover, the greater reduction in binge-eating episodes in the training condition was (partially) mediated by a greater increase in ER skills. Conclusions The findings provide further support for the assumed importance of deficits in ER as a maintaining factor and, hence, as a target in the treatment of BED. As ER skills trainings have been shown to also reduce other kinds of psychopathology, they might be considered a promising transdiagnostic add-on component to disorder-specific interventions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-05-27

The Emotional Lockdown: How Social Distancing and Mask Wearing Influence Mood and Emotion Recognition in Adolescents and Adults - Kulke, Louisa; Langer, Theresia; Valuch, Christian (Frontiers in Psychology, 2022)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, government-mandated protection measures such as contact restrictions and mask wearing significantly affected social interactions. In the current preregistered studies we hypothesized that such measures could influence self-reported mood in adults and in adolescents between 12 and 13 years of age, who are in a critical phase of social development. We found that mood was positively related to face-to-face but not to virtual interactions in adults and that virtual interactions were associated with negative mood in adolescents. This suggests that contact restrictions leading to a decrease in face-to-face compared to virtual interactions may be related to negative mood. To understand if prolonged exposure to people wearing masks during the pandemic might be related to increased sensitivity for subtle visual cues to others' emotions from the eye region of the face, we also presented both age groups with the same standardized emotion recognition test. We found slightly better performance in emotion recognition from the eyes in our student sample tested during the pandemic relative to a comparable sample tested prior to the pandemic although these differences were restricted to female participants. Adolescents were also better at classifying emotions from the eyes in the current study than in a pre-pandemic sample, with no gender effects occurring in this age group. In conclusion, while social distancing might have detrimental effects on self-reported mood, the ability to recognize others' emotions from subtle visual cues around the eye region remained comparable or might have even improved during the COVID-19 pandemic.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-08

The Environmental Impact - Reutlinger, Marold; Till, Kevin (Talent development & excellence, 2011)

The Erlangen test of activities of daily living in persons with mild dementia or mild cognitive impairment (ETAM) - an extended validation - Book, Stephanie; Luttenberger, Katharina; Stemmler, Mark; Meyer, Sebastian; Grässel, Elmar (BMC Psychiatry, 2018)
BACKGROUND: The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is a central marker in the diagnosis and progression of the dementia syndrome. ADLs can be identified as basic ADLs (BADLs), which are fairly easy to perform, or instrumental ADLs (IADLs), which involve more complex activities. Presently, the only performance-based assessment of IADL capabilities in persons with cognitive impairment is the Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM). The aim of the present study was to revalidate the ETAM in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia and to analyze its application to persons with moderate dementia. METHODS: We used baseline data from a cluster randomized controlled trial involving a sample of 443 users of 34 day-care centers in Germany. We analyzed groups of persons with MCI, mild dementia, and moderate dementia, categorized on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). An item analysis was performed, and new discriminant validities were calculated. We computed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the postulated theoretical model of the ETAM with all six items loading on a single IADL factor. This was the first time that the ETAM's sensitivity to change was analyzed after a time period of 6 months. RESULTS: The overall sample scored on average 17.3 points (SD = 7.2) on the ETAM (range: 0-30 points). Persons with MCI scored on average 23.2 points, persons with mild dementia scored 18.4 points, and persons with moderate dementia scored 12.9 points, p < .001 (ANOVA). The item analysis yielded good difficulty indices and discrimination powers. The CFA indicated a good fit between the model and the observed data. After 6 months, both the ETAM score at baseline and the change in MMSE score (t0-t1) were significant predictors of the ETAM score at t1. CONCLUSIONS: The ETAM is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing IADL capabilities in persons with MCI or mild dementia. It is sensitive to changes in cognitive abilities. The test parameters confirm its application to persons with moderate dementia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Identifier: ISRCTN16412551 (Registration date: 30 July 2014, registered retrospectively).
EVALuna2:35661

The experience of personal growth in different career stages: An exploratory study - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Schröder, Carina; Niessen, Cornelia (Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching, 2020)

The Forest and the Trees: Examining the Factor Structure of the Self-Compassion Scale and the Association of Its Positive and Negative Components with Psychological Functioning - Neff, Kristin D.; Long, Phoebe; Knox, Marissa C.; Davidson, Oliver; Kuchar, Ashley; Costigan, Andrew; Williamson, Zachary; Tóth-Király, István; Rohleder, Nicolas; Breines, Juliana G. (Self and identity, 2018)

The Formation and Benefits of Natural Mentoring for African American Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents: A Qualitative Study - Kaufman, Michelle R.; Lin, Chichun; Levine, Deb; Salcido, Maritza; Casella, Albert; Simon, Jeannette; Dubois, David L. (Journal of Adolescent Research, 2021)
This study explored how mentoring begins and the benefits provided for African American sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) youth. Participants were mentors and mentees living in three Mid-Atlantic cities. Mentees (ages 15-21, n = 14) identified as African American; cisgender male, transgender female, or non-binary assigned male; and had sexual interest in men. Mentor participants (ages 18+, n = 13) mentored such youth. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with mentoring relationship partners (both partners did not necessarily participate). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and imported into Atlas.ti. Using a basic interpretive qualitative analysis, a codebook was developed through inductive and deductive techniques. Analysis focused on mentees' and mentors' descriptions and interpretations about how they formed a mentoring relationship and any observed benefits that arose. Themes showed mentoring relationships were formed through introductions via social circles or social media. Mentoring was described as providing a trusted confidant and support with identity formation, relationships, transitioning to adulthood, and health. Results indicate a potential for natural mentoring relationships to provide trusted adult support to SGM adolescents in ways that are experienced as authentic and beneficial to the mental health of African American SGM male youth.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-24

The gap between desired and expected performance as predictor for judgment confidence - Händel, Marion; Bukowski, Anne-Katrin (Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2019)

The glass cliff: examining why women occupy leadership positions in precarious circumstances - Bruckmüller, Susanne; Ryan, Michelle; Rink, F; Haslam, S.A.; et al. (The Oxford Handbook of Gender in Organisations, 2014)

The Hector seminar: A beacon for high-school talent development in STEM school subjects - Ziegler, Albert (Excellence : essays in honour of Kurt A. Heller, 2011)

The hormonal correlates of implicit motives - Schultheiss, Oliver (Social and personality psychology compass, 2013)
Implicit motives represent nonconsciously represented dispositions to seek specific classes of incentives and to avoid corresponding classes of disincentives. Growing evidence suggests that the implicit power motive is associated with basal levels and reactivity of the gonadal steroid hormones testosterone in men and estradiol in women. It is also associated with increased release of stress hormones (cortisol, norepinephrine) in response to dominance challenges and social defeat. The implicit affiliation motive is linked to the release of progesterone: increases in progesterone are followed by increases in affiliation motivation, and arousal of affiliation motivation is associated with concurrent or subsequent progesterone increases. There is limited evidence for a role of vasopressin in achievement motivation. These findings point to a key role of the hypothalamus for implicit motives, a role that is consistent with the existence of function-specific nuclei within this brain area.

The hormonal correlates of implicit power motivation - Stanton, Steven J.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Journal of research in personality, 2009)
Attempts to link testosterone to dominance dispositions using self-report measures of dominance have yielded inconsistent findings. Similarly, attempts to link testosterone changes to a situational outcome like winning or losing a dominance contest have yielded inconsistent findings. However, research has consistently shown that an indirect measure of an individual’s dominance disposition, implicit power motivation, is positively related to baseline testosterone levels and, in interaction with situational out- comes, predicts testosterone changes. We propose a hormonal model of implicit power motivation that describes how testosterone levels change as an interactive function of individuals’ implicit power motivation and dominance situations. We also propose that estradiol, and not testosterone, plays a key role in dominance motivation in women.
Keywords: Implicit power motivation; Dominance; Aggression; Contest; Testosterone; Estradiol; Cortisol; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Competition

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in habitual smokers - Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2006)

The impact of beliefs on intelligence, achievement and creativity: Theoretical considerations based on the Actiotope Model of Giftedness - Ziegler, Albert (Gifted education as a lifelong challenge. Essays in honour of Franz J. Mönks, 2012)

The Impact of Distance Learning on Parental Stress During the Second COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany - May, Isabelle; Hoerl, Lena (Family Journal, 2022)
Parental stress caused by monthlong school closures was measured as early as spring and summer of 2020. The present study investigated parental resilience during the second lockdown in Germany in January/February 2021 (n = 2,804). Based on an online questionnaire, parental stress, resilience, self-efficacy, children’s school abilities, and the perceived quality of lesson design in distance teaching were queried. Multiple linear regression analysis identified significant relationships between the experienced stress perception and the time spent supporting children in distance learning. We identified parental resilience as a predictor of stress experiences. It was possible to demonstrate the considerable influence of child variables and perceived lesson design on parental stress levels.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-10-21
Keywords: COVID-19; homeschooling; parents; resilience; stress

The impact of future-oriented coping on business travelers' work-life balance - Niessen, Cornelia; Müller, Teresa; Hommelhoff, Sabine; Westman, Mina (Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2017)

The Impact of Negative Gossip on Target and Receiver. A “Big Two” Analysis - Hauke, Nicole; Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 2019)
Negative gossip can negatively influence the gossip target as well as the gossip receiver. Building on the “Big Two” of agency and communion and their facets of assertiveness and competence (agency) and warmth and morality (communion), we show in three studies that negative gossip based on these four types of content differentially affect targets’ and receivers’ reactions. Targets’ identity threat was particularly high after negative assertiveness and warmth gossip, their reputation threat and their negative affect were especially high after negative morality gossip. Receivers’ impressions of and negative affect toward the target were most negative after negative morality gossip. Findings are discussed with respect to the Big Two framework and with respect to the target versus receiver perspective in social cognition.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-31

The impact of preventive coping on business travellers’ work and private life - Niessen, Cornelia; Müller, Teresa; Hommelhoff, Sabine; Westman, Mina (Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2018)

The Impact of School Closures on Childrens Stress Perception During the Covid-19 Lockdown in Germany. - May, Isabelle; Hörl, Lena (Family Journal, 2024)
The present study addresses the effects of school closures during the second COVID-19 lockdown in January and February 2021 on children's feelings of stress. Numerous quantitative studies have already proven the adverse effects of school closures during the first lockdown on the stress perception of children and adolescents. In contrast, the present study uses a qualitative research format to take a closer look at the personal perspectives of children during the second lockdown. Twelve telephone interviews were conducted between February 4, 2021, and February 22, 2021, to collect data on the organization of distance learning, leisure behavior, stress symptomatology, current concerns, perceptions of school under distance learning, and perceptions of school before the school closures. Data analysis demonstrated a strong influence of loneliness, classroom management, and leisure behavior on children's perceptions of stress. Furthermore, correlations were found between school closures, stress vulnerability, and stress perceptio
Keywords: COVID-19; Distanzlernen; Stress

The Impact of Sociotopes on School Achievement - Reutlinger, Marold (Talent Talks, 2010)

The implicit need for power predicts recognition speed for dynamic changes in facial expressions of emotion - Donhauser, Peter; Rösch, Andreas; Schultheiss, Oliver (Motivation and Emotion, 2015)
Facial expressions of emotion (FEEs) have been portrayed as potent (dis-) incentives for power-motivated perceivers, because they signal the strength of a sender’s dominance (Stanton et al. in Implicit motives. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 245–278, 2010). Here, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with a high implicit power motive (nPower), who have a disposition to seek (emotional) impact on others, would be faster at recognizing FEEs than individuals low in nPower. In a task employing videos of morphed FEEs, which are gradually changing from neutral to either anger, joy or surprise, higher nPower predicted faster recognition of the displayed emotion as well as a tendency to misidentify joy as anger. Our findings suggest that one way through which people high in nPower are socially influential is their enhanced sensitivity to emotional signals in their social environment.
Keywords: Dominance; Emotion; Facial expressions; Implicit power motive

The implicit power motive and the facial width-to-height ratio as possible marker of organizational hormone effects during puberty - Janson, Kevin; Bleck, Kira; Fenkl, Julia; Riegl, Lea T.; Jägel, Franziska; Köllner, Martin (47th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017)

The implicit power motive and the facial width-to-height ratio as possible marker of organizational hormone effects during puberty - Janson, Kevin; Bleck, Kira; Fenkl, Julia; Riegl, Lea T.; Jägel, Franziska; Köllner, Martin (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017)

The importance of physical and mental health in explaining health-related academic role impairment among college students - Wilks, Chelsey R.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Alonso, Jordi; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David; Green, Jennifer G.; Mellins, Claude A.; Mortier, Philippe; Sadikova, Ekaterina; Sampson, Nancy A.; et al. (Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2020)
Research consistently documents high rates of mental health problems among college students and strong associations of these problems with academic role impairment. Less is known, though, about prevalence and effects of physical health problems in relation to mental health problems. The current report investigates this by examining associations of summary physical and mental health scores from the widely-used Short-Form 12 (SF-12) Health Survey with self-reported academic role functioning in a self-report survey of 3,855 first-year students from five universities in the northeastern United States (US; mean age 18.5; 53.0% female). The mean SF-12 physical component summary (PCS) score (55.1) was half a standard deviation above the benchmark US adult population mean. The mean SF-12 mental component summary (MCS) score (38.2) was more than a full standard deviation below the US adult population mean. Two-thirds of students (67.1%) reported at least mild and 10.5% severe health-related academic role impairment on a modified version of the Sheehan Disability Scale. Both PCS and MCS scores were significantly and inversely related to these impairment scores, but with nonlinearities and interactions and much stronger associations involving MCS than PCS. Simulation suggests that an intervention that improved the mental health of all students with scores below the MCS median to be at the median would result in a 61.3% reduction in the proportion of students who experienced severe health-related academic role impairment. Although low-cost scalable interventions exist to address student mental health problems, pragmatic trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing academic role impairment.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-02-14
Keywords: College students; Health-related academic role impairment; Mental health; Physical health

The Importance of Propensity, Criminogenic Exposure, and Individual Risk in the Development of Antisociality: Findings from the CURL-Study - Wallner, Susanne; Stemmler, Mark (16th Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, 2016)

The inflammatory immune system after wake up in healthy male individuals: A highly standardized and controlled study - Petrowski, Katja; Schmalbach, Bjarne; Linhardt, Mona; Mekschrat, Liza; Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, 2022)
This study investigates the effects of two light conditions on innate proinflammatory IL-6 cytokines and the cortisol awakening response. The between-subject experiment was conducted with 55 healthy adult-males (aged M bright = 24.40, SD = 4.58; M dim = 25.47, SD = 4.96) in a standardized sleep laboratory setting with 60-min light exposure post-awakening. Cortisol significantly increased with bright light exposure as compared to dim light (significant interaction effect). As for IL-6, the main effects of time and light condition were significant, however, the interaction effect between light and time was insignificant. Results replicate stimulatory effects of bright light on cortisol. In general, IL-6 concentrations decreased in both light conditions; however, bright light graphically showed higher concentrations 45–90 min after exposure in comparison to dim light, thus bright light has a potential stimulatory effect on IL-6 production.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-11-04
Keywords: Circadian rhythm; IL-6; Immune parameter; Innate proinflammatory cytokines; Melanopsin-expressing-retinal-ganglion-cells; Non-visual light-effects

The influence of attachment representation on parental perception and interpretation of infant emotions: A multilevel approach - Spangler, Gottfried; Maier, Ursula; Geserick, Barbara; von Wahlert, A. (Developmental Psychobiology, 2010)
The aim of the study was to investigate parental perception and interpretation of infant emotional expression depending on their attachment representation. Forty-six parents' responses to infant pictures depicting positive, neutral, and negative emotions were assessed on the level of affective judgments (valence, arousal), mimic responses (facial muscle activity), and of the eyelid reflex (using the startle paradigm). Results revealed small differences between parents of different attachment representations with respect to their subjective evaluations. However, secure parents, as compared to insecure ones, showed a positive bias in their mimic responses to infant pictures. The modulation of the startle response indicated a negative evaluation of negative infant emotion expressions in dismissing parents, while an augmentation of the startle response to negative infant emotions could not be observed in secure and preoccupied parents. The findings highlight the role of attachment experiences for emotional information processing in parents and its consequences for parental behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The influence of context-oriented learning on interest and achievement - Händel, Marion; Sandmann, Angela (The nature of research in biological education : old and new perspectives on theoretical and methodological issues, 2009)

The influence of emotion regulation on posttraumatic stress symptoms among Japanese people - Fujisato, Hiroko; Ito, Masaya; Berking, Matthias; Horikoshi, Masaru (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020)
Background: Emotion regulation (ER) is associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, most findings are from cross-sectional studies and are hence unable to clarify whether deficits in ER longitudinally contribute to the worsening and maintenance of PTSS. In addition, no studies consider the process of how ER affects PTSS. To further clarify causal pathways, we tested prospective associations between ER and subsequent PTSS by gender in individuals who had experienced traumatic events. Methods: We used data from an online survey of 1,794 Japanese participants aged 18–83 years who had experienced at least one traumatic event. They completed the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire at baseline, as well as the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 at baseline and four months later. Results: Multi-group structural equation modeling by gender revealed that participants’ ER predicted their PTSS four months later, even after controlling for symptoms at baseline. The findings indicate that identifying undesired emotions and then dealing with them decreases subsequent PTSS. ER had a greater effect on later PTSS in males than in females. Limitations: The use of an online survey and the exclusive use of self-report instruments might limit the generalizability of our results and the validity of the assessment. Conclusions: Deficits in ER likely contribute to worsening and maintenance of PTSS. The process of identifying and subsequently dealing with emotions may be important for the clinical suppression of PTSS.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-09-11
Keywords: Emotion regulation; Longitudinal study; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Posttraumatic stress symptoms; Structural equation modeling

The influence of expectations on recovery, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction in surgical patients - Weiss, Maren; Siassi, Ramin Michael; Hohenberger, Werner; Lösel, Friedrich (Psychology of Expectations, 2010)

The influence of implicit motives on implicit instrumental conditioning: Testing a principle focusing on the power motive - Köllner, Martin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2015)

THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED THREAT, AFFECT AND STATE ANXIETY ON CORTISOL AND ALPHA-AMYLASE STRESS RESPONSES DEPENDING ON FOREIGN OR NATIVE LANGUAGE - Hauck, Felicitas; Romero Gibu, Lucia; Jansen, Silke; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2022)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-06-17

The influence of prenatal risks on attachment, emotion regulation and emotional and behavioral problems in middle childhood: A prospective longitudinal study - Ziegler, Clara; Zalan, Vera; Eichler, Anna; Heinrich, Hartmut; Moll, Gunther; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kornhuber, Johannes; Lenz, Bernd; Spangler, Gottfried (International Attachment Conference, 2017)

The Inner Working Model as a "Theory of Attachment": Development during the Preschool Years - Spangler, Gottfried; Bovenschen, Ina; Delius, Andrea (Attachment and Human Development, 2008)

The key role of extinction learning in anxiety disorders: Behavioral strategies to enhance exposure-based treatments - Pittig, Andre; Van Den Berg, Linda; Vervliet, Bram (Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2016)
Purpose of review Extinction learning is a major mechanism for fear reduction by means of exposure. Current research targets innovative strategies to enhance fear extinction and thereby optimize exposure-based treatments for anxiety disorders. This selective review updates novel behavioral strategies that may provide cutting-edge clinical implications. Recent findings Recent studies provide further support for two types of enhancement strategies. Procedural enhancement strategies implemented during extinction training translate to how exposure exercises may be conducted to optimize fear extinction. These strategies mostly focus on a maximized violation of dysfunctional threat expectancies and on reducing context and stimulus specificity of extinction learning. Flanking enhancement strategies target periods before and after extinction training and inform optimal preparation and postprocessing of exposure exercises. These flanking strategies focus on the enhancement of learning in general, memory (re-)consolidation, and memory retrieval. Summary Behavioral strategies to enhance fear extinction may provide powerful clinical applications to further maximize the efficacy of exposure-based interventions. However, future replications, mechanistic examinations, and translational studies are warranted to verify long-term effects and naturalistic utility. Future directions also comprise the interplay of optimized fear extinction with (avoidance) behavior and motivational antecedents of exposure.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Enhancement strategies; Exposure therapy; Fear extinction; Inhibitory learning

The latent structure of the adult attachment interview: Large sample evidence from the collaboration on attachment transmission synthesis - Lee Raby, K.; Verhage, Marije L.; Pasco Fearon, R. M.; Chris Fraley, R.; Roisman, Glenn I.; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Schuengel, Carlo; Madigan, Sheri; Oosterman, Mirjam; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Bernier, Annie; Ensink, Karin; et al. (Development and Psychopathology, 2020)
The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is a widely used measure in developmental science that assesses adults' current states of mind regarding early attachment-related experiences with their primary caregivers. The standard system for coding the AAI recommends classifying individuals categorically as having an autonomous, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved attachment state of mind. However, previous factor and taxometric analyses suggest that: (a) adults' attachment states of mind are captured by two weakly correlated factors reflecting adults' dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) individual differences on these factors are continuously rather than categorically distributed. The current study revisited these suggestions about the latent structure of AAI scales by leveraging individual participant data from 40 studies (N = 3,218), with a particular focus on the controversial observation from prior factor analytic work that indicators of preoccupied states of mind and indicators of unresolved states of mind about loss and trauma loaded on a common factor. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that: (a) a 2-factor model with weakly correlated dismissing and preoccupied factors and (b) a 3-factor model that further distinguished unresolved from preoccupied states of mind were both compatible with the data. The preoccupied and unresolved factors in the 3-factor model were highly correlated. Taxometric analyses suggested that individual differences in dismissing, preoccupied, and unresolved states of mind were more consistent with a continuous than a categorical model. The importance of additional tests of predictive validity of the various models is emphasized.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-11
Keywords: Adult Attachment Interview; Factor analysis; Latent structure; Taxometrics

The longer your work hours, the worse your relationship? The role of selective optimization with compensation in the associations of working time with relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure in dual-career couples - Niessen, Cornelia; Sonnentag, Sabine; Unger, Dana; Neff, Angela (Human Relations, 2015)
This two-wave panel study investigates the associations between working time, selective optimization with compensation in private life and relationship outcomes (i.e. relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure) in dual-career couples. We propose that one partner’s selective optimization with compensation in private life either mediates or moderates the association of this partner’s working time and relationship outcomes (i.e. relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure). Moreover, we postulate the crossover (i.e. transmission) of relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure within the couple. To test these hypotheses, we conducted an online study with a time lag of six months, in which 285 dual-career couples took part. We found evidence for selective optimization with compensation in private life as a mediator: working time spent by partners in dual-career couples was associated with selective optimization with compensation in their private life that, in turn, predicted relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure. Results did not support the assumption that one partner’s selective optimization with compensation in private life moderates the association between working time and relationship satisfaction and self-disclosure. Relationship satisfaction, but not self-disclosure, crossed over within the couples. The results challenge the assumption that longer work hours have negative consequences for romantic relationships.
Keywords: dual-career couple; relationship satisfaction; selective optimization with compensation; self-disclosure; working time

The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. - Abele, Andrea E.; Spurk, Daniel (Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2009)
The present research reports on the impact of occupational self-efficacy and of career-advancement goals on objective (salary, status) and subjective (career satisfaction) career attainments. Seven hundred and thirty four highly educated and full-time employed professionals answered questionnaires immediately after graduation, three years later, and seven years later. Controlling for discipline, GPA at master's level, and gender, we found that occupational self-efficacy measured at career entry had a positive impact on salary and status three years later and a positive impact on salary change and career satisfaction seven years later. Career-advancement goals at career entry had a positive impact on salary and status after three years and a positive impact on status change after seven years, but a negative impact on career satisfaction after seven years. Women earned less than men, but did not differ from men in hierarchical status and in career satisfaction. Theoretical implications for socio-cognitive theorizing and for career-success research as well as applied implications for vocational behavior are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self-efficacy; career goals; career success; employed professionals

The meaning of resilience for child development from a biopsychosocial perspective - Kungl, Melanie; Gabler, Sandra; Spangler, Gottfried (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 2023)
Since the beginning of resilience research, the construct of resilience has undergone major changes. The current article gives an overview of pioneering studies and their findings embedding them into different theoretical approaches. It further describes related models (e. g., risk and protection model) and discusses potential effects of protective factors. However, from today's perspective resilience neither solely describes well-defined protective factors nor stable inherent personality traits. Rather is it understood as a dynamic construct, while also taking into account biological mechanisms. Importantly, on different levels it comes to light that the attachment figure's behaviour plays a crucial role for resilience, e. g. regarding relevant epigenetic changes, buffering effects in light of adversity or the acquisition of resilience promoting competencies. Finally, the current article closes with addressing this issue by discussing resilience from an attachment theory perspective emphasizing that people outside the biological family can function as significant attachment figures (foster families, teachers) and therefore should be target of prevention and intervention as well.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-03-03

The Median Quartiles Test Revisited - von Eye, Alexander; Neubauer, Aljoscha; Stemmler, Mark (Studia Psychologica, 1996)
Describes R. K. Bauer's (1962) Median Quartiles Test, a strategy for simultaneously testing for homeopoetic and heteropoetic treatment effects in a 2-group experimental design. The strategy is based on H. O. Lancaster's (1949) chi-square partition of a 4 * 2 table with a dependent variable that has 4 ordinal categories. The test is reformulated to be suitable for assessing differences in location and orthogonal decomposition is introduced for detecting differences in locations and dispersion. One specific characteristic of the reformulated Bauer median quartiles test is that it does not need alignments in location for efficient detection of differences in location. Examples from drug research illustrate the use of the reformulated test.
Keywords: Nonparametric Statistical Tests; Treatment

The meta-analyses of deliberate practice underestimate the effect size because they neglect the core characteristic of individualization—an analysis and empirical evidence - Debatin, Tobias; Hopp, Manuel; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (Current Psychology, 2021)
Influential meta-analyses have concluded that only a small to medium proportion of variance in performance can be explained by deliberate practice. We argue that the authors have neglected the most important characteristic of deliberate practice: individualization of practice. Many of the analyzed effect sizes derived from measures that did not assess individualized practice and, therefore, should not have been included in meta-analyses of deliberate practice. We present empirical evidence which suggests that the level of individualization and quality of practice (indicated by didactic educational capital) substantially influences the predictive strength of practice measures. In our study of 178 chess players, we found that at a high level of individualization and quality of practice, the effect size of structured practice was more than three times higher than that found at the average level. Our theoretical analysis, along with empirical results, support the claim that the explanatory power of deliberate practice has been considerably underestimated in the meta-analyses. The question of how important deliberate practice is for individual differences in performance remains an open question.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-10-29
Keywords: Deliberate practice; Expertise; Skill acquisition; Talent development

The more I got, the less I need? Efficacy of Internet-based guided self-help compared to online psychoeducation for major depressive disorder - Reins, Jo Annika; Boss, Leif; Lehr, Dirk; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2019)
Background: This study's aims were to compare the efficacy and negative effects of guided Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) and online psychoeducation (OPE) in people with major depression.Methods: A total of 131 individuals were randomized. Assessments took place at baseline (T1), six weeks (T2), and three months (T3). The primary endpoint was change in observer-based depression severity from T1 to T2. Potential negative effects were analyzed in terms of suicidal ideations, symptom deterioration, attitudes toward seeking further help, and other adverse events.Results: iCBT (n = 65) and OPE (n = 66) both reduced depressive symptoms from T1 to T2, with large changes observed for iCBT and medium for OPE (iCBT: Cohen's d = 1.09; OPE: d = 0.60). Differences between groups were significant at the primary endpoint (d = 0.36, p = 0.028). OPE continued to have a positive effect from post-treatment to follow-up, while the effect of iCBT remained stable, with differences between groups not being significant anymore at follow-up. Participants who had undergone prior psychotherapy benefited from both treatments; but for those without prior psychotherapy, iCBT was superior also at follow-up. In the iCBT group 26.2% of the participants reported at least one side-effect.Limitations: The history of psychotherapy was imbalanced between the groups. Some negative effects were assessed in the iCBT group only.Conclusions: Both iCBT and OPE were effective in reducing depressive symptoms, but with iCBT having a more rapid effect. iCBT was specifically superior in those with no prior history of psychotherapy. Negative effects occurred frequently and should be considered when implementing iCBT. Trial registration: German clinical trials register: DRKS00005025
Keywords: Major depressive disorder; Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy; Psychoeducation; Active control; Negative effects of psychotherapy; History of psychotherapy

The Motivating Power of Visionary Images: Effects on Motivation, Affect, and Behavior - Rawolle, Maika; Schultheiss, Oliver; Strasser, Alexandra; Kehr, Hugo M. (Journal of Personality, 2017)

The Multidimensionality of Calling: Conceptualization, Measurement and a Bicultural Perspective. - Hagmaier-Göttle, Tamara; Abele, Andrea E. (Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2012)
The experience of a calling may be seen as the ultimate form of subjective career success that has many positive consequences for individuals and organizations. We are here concerned with the conceptualization of a new multidimensional measure of calling, the MCM. In the first two studies we employed a qualitative approach and came up with five core categories of the experience of a calling. Three of them could be empirically distinguished in our later quantitative studies, i.e., Identification & Person-Environment-Fit (IP), Transcendent Guiding Force (TGF), and Sense and Meaning & Value-Driven-Behavior (SMVB). We tested the reliability and validity of the MCM in two different countries (Germany and USA). Our data show that whereas TGF is most closely related to a direct calling measure, IP is more strongly related to job satisfaction. Both IP and TGF seem to have a buffering function against burnout. SMVB is endorsed most in the USA, whereas IP is endorsed most in Germany. We conclude that a multidimensional conceptualization seems appropriate in studying the experience of a calling and its consequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Multidimensional Calling Measure; test development; test reliability; test validity; career success

The need for a behavioral science focus in research on mental health and mental disorders - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Knappe, Susanne; Andersson, Gerhard; Araya, Ricardo; Banos Rivera, Rosa; Barkham, Michael; Bech, Per; Beckers, Tom; Berger, Thomas; Berking, Matthias (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2014)
Psychology as a science offers an enormous diversity of theories, principles, and methodological approaches to understand mental health, abnormal functions and behaviours and mental disorders. A selected overview of the scope, current topics as well as strength and gaps in Psychological Science may help to depict the advances needed to inform future research agendas specifically on mental health and mental disorders. From an integrative psychological perspective, most maladaptive health behaviours and mental disorders can be conceptualized as the result of developmental dysfunctions of psychological functions and processes as well as neurobiological and genetic processes that interact with the environment. The paper presents and discusses an integrative translational model, linking basic and experimental research with clinical research as well as population-based prospective-longitudinal studies. This model provides a conceptual framework to identify how individual vulnerabilities interact with environment over time, and promote critical behaviours that might act as proximal risk factors for ill-health and mental disorders. Within the models framework, such improved knowledge is also expected to better delineate targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions that prevent further escalation in early stages before the full disorder and further complications thereof develop. In contrast to conventional “personalized medicine” that typically targets individual (genetic) variation of patients who already have developed a disease to improve medical treatment, the proposed framework model, linked to a concerted funding programme of the “Science of Behaviour Change”, carries the promise of improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of health-risk behaviour constellations as well as mental disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: behaviour change; agenda; psychology; mental health; health behaviour; mental disorder; personalized medicine; translation

The neural dynamics of hierarchical Bayesian causal inference in multisensory perception - Rohe, Tim; Ehlis, Ann-Christine; Noppeney, Uta (Nature Communications, 2019)
Transforming the barrage of sensory signals into a coherent multisensory percept relies on solving the binding problem – deciding whether signals come from a common cause and should be integrated or, instead, segregated. Human observers typically arbitrate between integration and segregation consistent with Bayesian Causal Inference, but the neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we presented people with audiovisual sequences that varied in the number of flashes and beeps, then combined Bayesian modelling and EEG representational similarity analyses. Our data suggest that the brain initially represents the number of flashes and beeps independently. Later, it computes their numbers by averaging the forced-fusion and segregation estimates weighted by the probabilities of common and independent cause models (i.e. model averaging). Crucially, prestimulus oscillatory alpha power and phase correlate with observers’ prior beliefs about the world’s causal structure that guide their arbitration between sensory integration and segregatio

The newly normed SKT reveals differences in neuropsychological profiles of patients with MCI, mild dementia and depression - Lehfeld, Hartmut; Stemmler, Mark (Diagnostics, 2019)
The SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest) is a short cognitive performance test assessing deficits of memory and attention in the sense of speed of information processing. The new standardization of the SKT (2015) aimed at improving its sensitivity for early cognitive decline due to dementia in subjects aged 60 or older. The goal of this article is to demonstrate how the neuropsychological test profile of the SKT can be used to provide valuable information for a differential diagnosis between MCI (mild cognitive impairment), dementia and depression. n = 549 patients attending a memory clinic (Nuremberg, Germany) were diagnosed according to ICD-10 and tested with the SKT. The SKT consists of nine subtests, three for the assessment of memory and six for measuring attention in the sense of speed of information processing. The result of the SKT test procedure is a total score, which indicates the severity of overall cognitive impairment. Besides the summary score, two subscores for memory and attention can be interpreted. Using the level of depression as a covariate, statistical comparisons of SKT test profiles between the three patient groups revealed that depressed patients showed more pronounced deficits than MCI patients in all six attention subtests. On the other hand, MCI patients displayed significantly greater mnestic impairment than the depressed group, which was indicated by significant differences in the memory subscore. MCI and dementia patients showed similar deficit patterns dominated by impairment of memory (delayed recall) with MCI patients demonstrating less overall impairment. In sum, the SKT neuropsychological test profiles provided indicators for a differential diagnosis between MCI and beginning dementia vs. depression.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-31
Keywords: Cognitive assessment; Dementia; Depression in old age; Differential diagnosis depression vs. MCI/dementia; Mild cognitive impairment; SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest)

Theoretical adequacy, methodological quality and efficacy of online interventions targeting resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Ebert, David; Díaz-García, Amanda; Franke, Marvin; Herrero, Rocio; Botella, Cristina (European Journal of Public Health, 2021)
BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in the promotion of mental health, and concepts as resilience are re-emerging and taking relevance. In addition, Information and Communication Technologies can provide potential benefits in the field of mental health, and the treatment of mental disorders in particular. This study aims to synthesize the evidence of internet-based resilience interventions, analyzing the theoretical adequacy, methodological quality and efficacy. METHODS: A systematic search was performed. The eligibility criteria stated for this article were: randomized controlled trials targeted at adults or adolescents and including any psychological intervention focussing on resilience in its rationale or design. Studies with direct (e.g. resilience scales) and proximal resilience measures (e.g. scales on well-being) were included. Risk of bias was assessed for each trial using Cochrane's Collaboration Tool. Two reviewers worked independently in order to identify potential articles. A total of 11 articles were selected. A random-effects pooling model using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method based on direct and proximal resilience measures at post-test was used. RESULTS: The overall effects of online resilience training compared to control groups at post-test were not significant; the effect size concerning the improvement of resilience was g=0.12 (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.38). In addition, a potential association between the type of outcome and the effect size could be revealed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present meta-analysis showed that the overall effect of online resilience trainings was not significant. Nonetheless, a tendency for a higher benefit for resilience was found in the studies with a clear assessment theory, indicating some promising effects. REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42018083339.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-06

Theoretical approaches, societal issues, and practical implications for school-based and extracurricular talent development: Outcomes of the Inaugural European-North American Summit on Talent Development (Part II) [Guest Editorial] - Stöger, Heidrun; Olszewski-Kubilius, P; Subotnik, R F; Assouline, S; McCouach, D B; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2017)

Theoretical approaches, societal issues, and practical implications for school-based and extracurricular talent development: Outcomes of the Inaugural European-North American Summit on Talent Development (part I) [Special Issue] - Stöger, Heidrun; Olszewski-Kubilius, P; Subotnik, R F; Assouline, S; McCouach, D B; Ziegler, Albert (Gifted child quarterly, 2017)

Theoretische Perspektiven der modernen Pädagogik - Ziegler, Albert; Zwick, Elisabeth (LIT, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.dynami

Theoretische Perspektiven der modernen Pädagogik - Ziegler, Albert; Zwick, Elisabeth (LIT, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.theore

Theorien und Modelle der Paarbeziehung - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Sozialpsychologie der Partnerschaft, 2003)

The paradoxical attenuation effect in tests based on classical test theory: Mathematical background and practical implications for the measurement of high abilities - Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2009)

The Psychobiology of Trait Shame in Young Women: Extending the Social Self Preservation Theory - Rohleder, Nicolas; Chen, Edith; Wolf, Jutta; Miller, Gregory E. (Health Psychology, 2008)

The Psychological, Physiological, and Behavioral Responses of Patients to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Madl, Janika; Nieto Alvarez, Isabel; Amft, Oliver; Rohleder, Nicolas; Becker, Linda (Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2023)
Background: MRI is generally well-tolerated although it may induce physiological stress responses and anxiety in patients. Purpose: Investigate the psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses of patients to MRI, their evolution over time, and influencing factors. Study Type: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Population: 181,371 adult patients from 44 studies undergoing clinical MRI. Assessment: Pubmed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Quality appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was conducted via Meta-Essentials workbooks when five studies were available for an outcome. Psychological and behavioral outcomes could be analyzed. Psychological outcomes were anxiety (State–Trait-Anxiety Inventory, STAI-S; 37) and willingness to undergo MRI again. Behavioral outcomes included unexpected behaviors: No shows, sedation, failed scans, and motion artifacts. Year of publication, sex, age, and positioning were examined as moderators. Statistical Tests: Meta-analysis, Hedge's g. A P value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Of 12,755 initial studies, 104 studies were included in methodological review and 44 (181,371 patients) in meta-analysis. Anxiety did not significantly reduce from pre- to post-MRI (Hedge's g = −0.20, P = 0.051). Pooled values of STAI-S (37) were 44.93 (pre-MRI) and 40.36 (post-MRI). Of all patients, 3.9% reported unwillingness to undergo MRI again. Pooled prevalence of unexpected patient behavior was 11.4%; rates for singular behaviors were: Failed scans, 2.1%; no-shows, 11.5%; sedation, 3.3%; motion artifacts, 12.2%. Year of publication was not a significant moderator (all P > 0.169); that is, the patients' response was not improved in recent vs. older studies. Meta-analysis of physiological responses was not feasible since preconditions were not met for any outcome. Data Conclusion: Advancements of MRI technology alone may not be sufficient to eliminate anxiety in patients undergoing MRI and related unexpected behaviors. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 5.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-01
Keywords: anxiety; artifacts; magnetic resonance imaging; patient outcome assessment; prevalence; stress

The psychosocial stress-induced increase in salivary alpha-amylase is independent of saliva flow rate - Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta; Maldonado, Enrique; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Psychophysiology, 2006)

Therapieauflagen und Nachsorge bei haftentlassenen Sexualstraftätern: Prädiktoren und Zusammenhänge mit der Rückfälligkeit - Carl, Lena; Lösel, Friedrich (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2021)
Sex offender outpatient treatment has become increasingly important in recent years. Particularly since the reform of legal supervision (»Führungsaufsicht«) in 2006, aftercare interventions for released offenders have been successively expanded. A large proportion of sex offenders are legally mandated to participate in aftercare treatment, via probation conditions or directives from the supervision board, but to date there is little information on the frequency, predictors, or effectiveness of these conditions. This study therefore uses a sample of released male sex offenders (n = 1.537) to examine which individual, incarceration-, and release-related factors are linked to a condition for treatment. In addition, it analyses their effect on recidivism when controlling for other relevant factors. A comprehensive questionnaire completed by specialized personal upon release served as the data basis. Our results show that 77 % of all sex offenders received a legal condition for treatment. The proportion increased significantly since 2004. Younger offenders, offenders with only child victims, with lower Static-99 scores, and those treated in prison were more likely to receive a condition for aftercare treatment. For untreated sex offenders, treatment condition was associated with reduced recidivism; for offenders with individual and group therapy, this was true only for violent recidvism. For those participating in social-therapeutic treatment, condition for aftercare was not a significant predictor. Implications for sex offender aftercare and further research approaches are discussed.
Keywords: sex offenders; offender treatment; aftercare; recidivism

Therapie von Sexualstraftätern - Schmucker, Martin (Lehrbuch Rechtspsychologie, 2023)

Therapie von Sexualstraftätern - Schmucker, Martin (Lehrbuch der Rechtspsychologie, 2014)

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Sexual Arousal and Disgust as Evidenced in Automatic Approach-Avoidance Behavior - Hinzmann, Jessica; Borg, Charmaine; Verwoerd, Johan R. L.; De Jong, Peter J. (Journal of Sex Research, 2019)
Sexual encounters imply exposure to stimuli that in other contexts typically elicit disgust-induced avoidance. To explain why people nevertheless tend to show sexual approach, it has been proposed that heightened sexual arousal may temporarily inhibit disgust. In line with this, studies have found that sexually aroused individuals showed heightened willingness to approach disgusting stimuli. Because automatic processes are critically involved in sexual behaviors, we examined whether the impact of sexual arousal extends to automatic responses to disgust-elicitors. To test the proposed reciprocal relationship between sex and disgust, we also investigated whether disgust reduces automatic sexual approach. In Study 1, 116 female participants (M = age 19.53) were assigned to a sexual arousal or control condition and performed a speeded approach-avoidance task to assess automatic responses to disgusting stimuli. In Study 2, 174 female participants (M = age 22.14) were assigned to a disgust, sexual arousal, or control condition and performed an approach-avoidance task involving both sex and disgust-relevant stimuli. Sexual arousal did not affect automatic responses to disgusting stimuli, and disgust did not influence automatic responses towards sexual stimuli. The reciprocal relationship between sexual arousal and disgust that was previously found for controllable responses did not extend to automatic responses.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-09-24

The relationship between intelligence and the preference for self-regulated learning: A longitudinal study with fourth-graders - Sontag, Christine; Stöger, Heidrun; Harder, Bettina (Talent development & excellence, 2012)

The Relationships of Parental Responsiveness, Teaching Responsiveness, and Creativity: The Mediating Role of Creative Self-Efficacy - Zhang, Yanna; Li, Pin; Zhang, Zhitian; Zhang, Xingli; Shi, Jiannong (Frontiers in Psychology, 2022)
This study investigated the relationships between parental responsiveness, teaching responsiveness, and creativity, as well as the mechanism underlying these associations. We collected data from 584 Chinese college students via convenience sampling method and used self-report scales to measure their perceived parental responsiveness, teaching responsiveness, creative self-efficacy, and creativity. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among these variables and the mediation effect. The results revealed that both parental responsiveness and teaching responsiveness were positively related to student creativity. Moreover, creative self-efficacy mediated the relationships of parental responsiveness, teaching responsiveness, and creativity. The findings highlight the significance of responsiveness from parents and teachers on student creativity and verify the potential mediating role of creative self-efficacy. These findings suggest that teachers and parents can foster creativity by providing warm and supportive responses to students' creative needs.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-03-11

The reliability of a Picture Story Exercise measure of implicit motives: Estimates of internal consistency, retest reliability, and ipsative stability - Schultheiss, Oliver; Schad, Daniel J.; Liening, Scott H. (Journal of research in personality, 2008)

The "Replication Crisis" and Trust in Psychological Science: How Reforms Shape Public Trust in Psychology - Methner, Nicole; Dahme, Barbara; Menzel, Claudia (Social Psychological Bulletin, 2023)
Failed replications can jeopardize public trust in psychological science and recent findings cast doubt on the idea that self-corrections and reforms can rebuild this trust. These findings are in contrast to trust repair research that proposes changes in transparency, norms, and policies as trust repair mechanisms. This raises the question of whether the used experimental material is one reason behind these unexpected findings. Previous studies used short texts that may give too little information on the replication crisis and initiated reforms in the field. In a pre-registered experiment (N = 390), we, therefore, tested whether comprehensive information about the replication crisis and reforms increases public trust in psychology, compared to a control condition that only informs about the replication crisis. To give comprehensive information, we created an animated video for each experimental condition. After watching the video, participants indicated their trust in researchers, trust in past research findings, and trust in current research findings. As expected and in line with trust repair research, information about reforms increased trust in researchers and in current (vs. past) research, compared with information about the replication crisis and its causes only. We discuss the generalizability of our results and implications for communicating the replication crisis to the public.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-15
Keywords: open science; reform; replication crisis; scientific community; trust (social behavior); trust repair; video intervention

The riskiest psychological intervention? Positive and negative side effects of exposure for anxiety disorders - Heinig, Ingmar; Knappe, Susanne; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich; Hoyer, Juergen; Arolt, Volker; Diaeresis, Juergen; Domschke, Katharina; Kircher, Tilo; Margraf, Juergen; Straube, Benjamin; Stroehle, Andreas; Hamm, Alfons; et al. (JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-11-19

The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative - Alonso, Jordi; Vilagut, Gemma; Mortier, Philippe; Auerbach, Randy P.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Cuijpers, Pim; Demyttenaere, Koen; Ebert, David; Ennis, Edel; Gutiérrez-García, Raul A.; Green, Jennifer Greif; Hasking, Penelope; et al. (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2019)
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of mental comorbidity to role impairment among college students. Methods: Web-based self-report surveys from 14,348 first-year college students (Response Rate [RR] = 45.5%): 19 universities, eight countries of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. We assessed impairment (Sheehan Disability Scales and number of days out of role [DOR] in the past 30 days) and seven 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We defined six multivariate mental disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA). We simulated population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of impairment. Results: Highest prevalence of role impairment was highest among the 1.9% of students in the LCA class with very high comorbidity and bipolar disorder (C1): 78.3% of them had severe role impairment (vs. 20.8%, total sample). Impairment was lower in two other comorbid classes (C2 and C3) and successively lower in the rest. A similar monotonic pattern was found for DOR. Both LCA classes and some mental disorders (major depression and panic, in particular) were significant predictors of role impairment. PARP analyses suggest that eliminating all mental disorders might reduce severe role impairment by 64.6% and DOR by 44.3%. Conclusions: Comorbid mental disorders account for a substantial part of role impairment in college students.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-28
Keywords: college students; disability; role impairment

THE ROLE OF ANXIETY-RELATED EMOTIONAL AROUSAL AND WORRY FOR BIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSE PATTERNS - Janson, Johanna; Becker, Sarina; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2020)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-08-14

The role of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders: Gaps and directions for future research - Pittig, Andre; Treanor, Michael; Lebeau, Richard T.; Craske, Michelle G. (Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2018)
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders and are often chronic and disabling. Although exposure-based treatments are effective, a substantial number of individuals fail to fully remit or experience a return of symptoms after treatment. Understanding the critical processes underlying the development and treatment of anxiety disorders will help identify individuals at risk and optimize treatments. Aversive associative learning offers explanatory pathways through which fear and anxiety emerge, spread, persist, and resurge. This narrative review examines the advances made in our understanding of associative fear and avoidance learning in anxiety disorders. Overall, the extant literature supports a key role of aversive associative learning in the development and treatment of anxiety disorders. However, research targeting specific mechanisms such as extinction generalization and avoidance, the fragility of extinction, and moderating influences of individual differences pertinent to anxiety disorders (e.g., age, sex, depression) is needed. We discuss the need for more ecological valid and complex paradigms to model ambiguity and conflict as well as for clinical translation studies to optimize treatment.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Associative learning; Aversive learning; Avoidance; Exposure; Extinction; Fear conditioning

The role of cognitive job crafting in the relationship between turnover intentions, negative affect, and task mastery - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Weseler, Daniela; Niessen, Cornelia (Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2021)

The role of couple attachment in the transition to motherhood: Impact of specific and generalized attachment representations on emotional experience and couple relationship quality - Behringer, Johanna; Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Journal of family psychology, 2011)

The role of disengagement in work adjustment - Niessen, Cornelia; Binnewies, Carmen; Rank, J. (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2010)

The role of implicit motivation in hot and cold goal pursuit: Effects on goal progress, goal rumination, and depressive symptoms - Schultheiss, Oliver; Jones, Nicolette M. (Journal of research in personality, 2008)

The role of participants’ self-selected future smoking goals in adolescent smoking cessation interventions - Thrul, Johannes Erich; Stemmler, Mark; Bühler, Anneke; Goecke, Michaela (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2014)
BACKGROUND: There is an implicit assumption that abstinence is the treatment goal of young smokers that deliberately participate in cessation interventions, but this may not always be the case. To gain information on subgroups of adolescent intervention participants, we compare participants who want to achieve smoking abstinence (Abst) with those stating a non-abstinence future smoking goal (NAbst), with regard to baseline characteristics, reasons for participation, quit motivation, retention, goal attainment, and smoking abstinence. METHODS: The sample consisted of 202 adolescent smokers (49.5% female). At baseline, 118 (58.4%) indicated abstinence as future smoking goal and 84 (41.6%) indicated non-abstinence. All participants received a behavioral smoking cessation intervention. Assessments took place before, during, and after treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. Regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Abst and NAbst participants reported similar baseline characteristics. Abst participants, however, were more likely to report a previous quit attempt and indicated a higher quit motivation before and during treatment. Abst participants were more likely to participate based on own initiative and NAbst participants because of participating friends. Both groups attended a similar number of intervention sessions and were equally likely to attain their self-selected smoking goal. However, more Abst participants reported a successful quit attempt during treatment and abstinence at post-treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: NAbst participants may represent a substantial subgroup in smoking cessation interventions for adolescents. Results indicate that future smoking goals can influence treatment outcomes. NAbst participants in treatment may benefit from additional information on the negative health consequences of light smoking.

THE ROLE OF TEMPORAL DISTANCE BETWEEN REPEATED STRESS INDUCTIONS FOR HABITUATION OF HYPOTHALAMUS-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS RESPONSES TO STRESS - Janson, Johanna; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-09-17

The role of the dorsoanterior striatum in implicit motivation: The case of the need for power - Schultheiss, Oliver; Schiepe-Tiska, Anja (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2013)
Implicit motives like the need for power (nPower) scale affective responses to need-speciﬁc rewards or punishments and thereby inﬂuence activity in motivational-brain structures. In this paper, we review evidence speciﬁcally supporting a role of the striatum in nPower. Individual differences in nPower predict (1) enhanced implicit learning accuracy, but not speed, on serial-response tasks that are reinforced by power-related incentives (e.g., winning or losing a contest; dominant or submissive emotional expressions) in behavioral studies and (2) activation of the anterior caudate in response to dominant emotional expressions in brain imaging research. We interpret these ﬁndings on the basis of Hikosaka et al.’s (2002a) model of central mechanisms of motor skill learning. The model assigns a critical role to the dorsoanterior striatum in dopamine-driven learning of spatial stimulus sequences. Based on this model, we suggest that the dorsoanterior striatum is the locus of nPower-dependent reinforcement. However, given the centrality of this structure in a wide range of motivational pursuits, we also propose that activity in the dorsoanterior striatum may not only reﬂect individual differences in nPower, but also in other implicit motives, like the need for achievement or the need for afﬁliation, provided that the proper incentives for these motives are present during reinforcement learning. We discuss evidence in support of such a general role of the dorsoanterior striatum in implicit motivation.
Keywords: implicit motives; personality; reinforcement; learning; dopamine; power motivation; striatum; caudate nucleus

The significance of learning contexts in talent development - Ziegler, Albert; Grigorenko, Elena L; Harder, Bettina (High ability studies, 2014)

The smarter the more self-regulated? A study on the relationship between intelligence and self-regulated learning - Sontag, Christine; Harder, Bettina; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Talent development and excellence, 2012)

The social biopsychology of implicit motive development - Köllner, Martin; Janson, Kevin; Bleck, Kira (Routledge International Handbook of Social Neuroendocrinology, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-17

The sociobiological development and arousal of implicit motives: The emergence of a growth-and-prune model of motive development and the continued linkage of hormones and motives throughout the life span - Köllner, Martin; Janson, Kevin (47th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017)

The sociobiological development and arousal of implicit motives: The emergence of a growth-and-prune model of motive development and the continued linkage of hormones and motives throughout the life span - Köllner, Martin; Janson, Kevin (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017)

The stability of externalizing behavior in boys from preschool age to adolescence: A person-oriented analysis - Stemmler, Mark; Lösel, Friedrich (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2012)

THE STRESS AND ADVERSITY INVENTORY FOR ADULTS (ADULT STRAIN) IN GERMAN: AN INITIAL VALIDATION - Sturmbauer, Sarah; Shields, Grant S.; Hetzel, Eva-Luca; Rohleder, Nicolas; Slavich, George M. (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-05-28

The Stress and Adversity Inventory for Adults (Adult STRAIN) in German: An Overview and Initial Validation - Sturmbauer, Sarah; Shields, Grant S.; Hetzel, Eva-Luca; Rohleder, Nicolas; Slavich, George M. (PLoS ONE, 2019)

The Stroop Competition: A Social-Evaluative Stroop Test for Acute Stress Induction - Müller, Victoria; Richer, Robert; Henrich, Lea; Berger, Leonie; Gelardi, Antonia; Jäger, Katharina; Eskofier, Björn; Rohleder, Nicolas (IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2022)
The Stroop test is one of the most widely used protocols to induce cognitive stress and reliably activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, it only moderately activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the stress axis responsible for cortisol secretion. In other well-known stress protocols, such as the cold pressor test, adding social-evaluative elements to the regular procedure has proven to cause increased HPA axis activation. For this reason, we introduce the “Stroop Competition”, a novel stress protocol based on the established Stroop test that adds social-evaluative feedback by conducting the test against a fake opponent with subsequent performance evaluation. We investigated the stress response of 22 participants performing either the “Stroop Competition” (Competition group) or the regular Stroop test (Control group) three consecutive times. Stress responses were assessed using ECG recordings to extract heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) and saliva samples to extract salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol. In the Competition group, participants experienced higher SNS activation indicated by significantly higher HR and lower HRV levels as well as higher sAA response to the stressor compared to the Control group. Additionally, overall cortisol levels were significantly higher in the Competition group supporting higher HPA axis activity. The findings of our pilot study confirm our hypothesis that adding social-evaluative elements to the Stroop test causes a more effective activation of both the SNS and HPA axis. We are convinced that our novel “Stroop Competition” protocol will provide a valuable addition to the already existing stress protocols in biopsychological research.<br

The Stroop Competition: A Social-Evaluative Stroop Test For Acute Stress Induction - Müller, Victoria; Richer, Robert; Jäger, Katharina; Henrich, Lea; Berger, Leonie; Gelardi, Antonia; Eskofier, Björn; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2022)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-06-17

The Stroop Room: A Virtual Reality-Enhanced Stroop Test - Gradl, Stefan; Wirth, Markus; Mächtlinger, Nico; Poguntke, Romina; Wonner, Andrea; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Bjoern M. (VRST '19: 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2019)

The Structure of Social Networks and Its Link to Higher Education Students’ Socio-Emotional Loneliness During COVID-19 - Hopp, Manuel; Händel, Marion; Bedenlier, Svenja; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kammerl, Rudolf; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert (Frontiers in Psychology, 2022)
Lonely students typically underperform academically. According to several studies, the COVID-19 pandemic is an important risk factor for increases in loneliness, as the contact restrictions and the switch to mainly online classes potentially burden the students. The previously familiar academic environment (campus), as well as the exchange with peers and lecturers on site, were no longer made available. In our cross-sectional study, we examine factors that could potentially counteract the development of higher education student loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic from a social network perspective. During the semester, N = 283 students from across all institutional faculties of a German comprehensive university took part in an online survey. We surveyed their social and emotional experiences of loneliness, their self-reported digital information-sharing behavior, and their current egocentric networks. Here, we distinguished between close online contacts (i.e., mainly online exchanges) and close offline contacts (i.e., mainly in-person face-to-face exchanges). In addition, we derived the interconnectedness (i.e., the densities of the egocentric networks) and heterogeneity (operationalized with the entropy) of students’ contacts. To obtain the latter, we used a novel two-step method combining t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and cluster analysis. We explored the associations of the aforementioned predictors (i.e., information-sharing behavior, number of online and offline contacts, as well as interconnectedness and heterogeneity of the close contacts network) on social and emotional loneliness separately using two hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Our results suggest that social loneliness is strongly related to digital information-sharing behavior and the network structure of close contacts. In particular, high information-sharing behavior, high number of close contacts (whether offline or online), a highly interconnected network, and a homogeneous structure of close contacts were associated with low social loneliness. Emotional loneliness, on the other hand, was mainly related to network homogeneity, in the sense that students with homogeneous close contacts networks experienced low emotional loneliness. Overall, our study highlights the central role of students’ close social network on feelings of loneliness in the context of COVID-19 restrictions. Limitations and implications are discussed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-02-11
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; digital information-sharing behavior; interconnectedness; loneliness; network density; network heterogeneity; network homogeneity; social network

The Struggle of Behavioral Therapists With Exposure: Self-Reported Practicability, Negative Beliefs, and Therapist Distress About Exposure-Based Interventions - Pittig, Andre; Kotter, Roxana; Hoyer, Juergen (Behavior Therapy, 2019)
Exposure-based interventions are a core ingredient of evidence-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, previous research has documented that exposure is rarely utilized in routine care, highlighting an ongoing lack of dissemination. The present study examined barriers for the dissemination of exposure from the perspective of behavioral psychotherapists working in outpatient routine care (N = 684). A postal survey assessed three categories of barriers: (a) practicability of exposure-based intervention in an outpatient private practice setting, (b) negative beliefs about exposure, and (c) therapist distress related to the use of exposure. In addition, self-reported competence to conduct exposure for different anxiety disorders, PTSD, and OCD was assessed. High rates of agreement were found for single barriers within each of the three categories (e.g., unpredictable time management, risk of uncompensated absence of the patient, risk of decompensation of the patient, superficial effectiveness, or exposure being very strenuous for the therapist). Separately, average agreement to each category negatively correlated with self-reported utilization of exposure to a moderate degree (-.35 ≤ r ≤ -.27). In a multiple regression model, only average agreement to barriers of practicability and negative beliefs were significantly associated with utilization rates. Findings illustrate that a multilevel approach targeting individual, practical, and systemic barriers is necessary to optimize the dissemination of exposure-based interventions. Dissemination efforts may therefore benefit from incorporating strategies such as modifying negative beliefs, adaptive stress management for therapists, or increasing practicability of exposure-based interventions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: anxiety disorders; dissemination; exposure therapy; obsessive-compulsive disorder; posttraumatic stress disorder

The Supporting Role of Mentees’ Peers in Online Mentoring: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Peer Influence - Hopp, Manuel; Stoeger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020)
Studies show that online mentoring is an effective measure to support girls in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), especially if it also allows for networking with other participants on the mentoring platform. However, research is missing on peer influence. This topic seems especially crucial in programs for adolescents as peer influence plays an important role at this age. In our study, we investigated peer influence on mentoring outcomes – confidence in own STEM abilities and STEM-related activities – in an online mentoring program in STEM for secondary school girls (N = 124, M = 14.3 years, SD = 2.2 years, age range: 11–19 years). The program provides girls with at least 1 year of one-on-one interaction with a personal female mentor who has a college degree in a STEM subject. Participants can also interact with other participants on the platform. We used a longitudinal social network analysis approach to examine peer influence on mentoring outcomes. Our results indicate that both mentoring outcomes – mentees’ confidence in own STEM abilities and STEM-related activities – are influenced by peers moderated by the mentees’ own age. Younger mentees tended to become more similar to their peers regarding confidence in own STEM abilities and STEM-related activities, whereas older mentees tended to become more dissimilar over time. In addition, peer group size had a positive effect on confidence in own STEM abilities, but not on STEM-related activities. This effect was moderated by the mentee’s age. Overall, peers have a positive influence on the measured mentoring outcomes, especially for young mentees.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-09-11
Keywords: online mentoring; peer influence; RSiena; social network analysis; STEM

Theta/beta neurofeedback in children with ADHD: Feasibility of a short-term setting and plasticity effects. - Van Doren, Jessica; Heinrich, Hartmut; Bezold, Mareile; Reuter, Nina; Kratz, Oliver; Horndasch, Stefanie; Berking, Matthias; Ros, Thomas; Gevensleben, Holger; Moll, Gunther; Studer, Petra (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2016)
Neurofeedback (NF) is increasingly used as a therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), however behavioral improvements require 20 plus training sessions. More economic evaluation strategies are needed to test methodological optimizations and mechanisms of action. In healthy adults, neuroplastic effects have been demonstrated directly after a single session of NF training. The aim of our study was to test the feasibility of short-term theta/beta NF in children with ADHD and to learn more about the mechanisms underlying this protocol. Children with ADHD conducted two theta/beta NF sessions. In the first half of the sessions, three NF trials (puzzles as feedback animations) were run with pre- and post-reading and picture search tasks. A significant decrease of the theta/beta ratio (TBR), driven by a decrease of theta activity, was found in the NF trials of the second session demonstrating rapid and successful neuroregulation by children with ADHD. For pre-post comparisons, children were split into good vs. poor regulator groups based on the slope of their TBR over the NF trials. For the reading task, significant EEG changes were seen for the theta band from pre- to post-NF depending on individual neuroregulation ability. This neuroplastic effect was not restricted to the feedback electrode Cz, but appeared as a generalized pattern, maximal over midline and right-hemisphere electrodes. Our findings indicate that short-term NF may be a valuable and economical tool to study the neuroplastic mechanisms of targeted NF protocols in clinical disorders, such as theta/beta training in children with ADHD.

The tower of creativity - Ziegler, Albert; Vialle, W (Cultivation and Education of Creativity, 2009)

The Ulna-to-Fibula Ratio as a Marker of Organizational Hormone Effects on Implicit Motive Development: A High-Powered Preregistered Replication - Köllner, Martin; Puelschen, Lea-Sarah; Stamm, Laura; Janson, Kevin (Motivation Science, 2022)
This preregistered study (N = 250; 148 women; after exclusions) aimed at replicating findings by Kollner and Bleck (2020) regarding relationships of the implicit power motive (nPower) and activity inhibition with their proposed new marker of pubertal organizational hormone effects, the ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR). Our cross-sectional design included the Picture-Story Exercise (nPower, activity inhibition) and anthropometry of ulna and fibula length, facial width and height, shoulder/waist/hip circumference, and 2D:4D digit ratio. As a validation check for organizational hormone effects' relationships to motivation, we tested UFR's sex-dimorphism, independence of body height, and interrelationships with other markers. Results showed that the validation check was successful. UFR was sex-dimorphic, independent of body height, and significantly associated with other possible markers of pubertal organizational hormone effects, including facial width-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and shoulder-to-hip ratio. As predicted, a "sex-typical" UFR, low for women and high for men, was associated with the inhibited power motive (outliers excluded). nPower's sex-dimorphic relationship with UFR reported by Kollner and Bleck (2020) was not replicated. UFR's relationship with the inhibited power motive, in conjunction with findings by Schultheiss et al. (2019) for prenatal organizational hormone effects, add to accumulating first evidence for hormonal contributions to implicit motive development but also call for larger-sample replication.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-01

The use of clinical experience to stage the severity of functional impairments in Alzheimer's disease - Finkel, Sanford; Bergener, Manfred; Hulla, Franz; Stemmler, Mark; Overall, John (Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 1996)
Examined international consistency and elucidated internationally-based clinical understanding of the chronology of increasing functional impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). 28 experienced clinicians from Germany and the US rated the stage of AD at which each of the 44 manifestations of cognitive, behavioral, or functional impairment is most clinically relevant. Data were subjected to 3 methods of metric scale analysis: equal appearing intervals, principal components, and paired comparison scaling. Finally, a single average T-score value for each item was calculated, and the 44 items were listed in rank order according to their average severity scale values. The resulting ordering and associated scale values provided a consistent and reliable description of the course of functional impairments in AD as seen by experienced clinicians in the 2 countries.
Keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Clinical Judgment (Not Diagnosis); Cognitive Ability; Disease Course; Severity (Disorders); Clinicians

The use of smartphones as a digital security blanket: The influence of phone use and availability on psychological and physiological responses to social exclusion - Hunter, John F.; Hooker, Emily D.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Pressman, Sarah D. (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2018)

The validity of the Cracow Instrument in the prediction of antisocial development in preschool children: A five-year longitudinal community based study - Wallner, Susanne; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark; Corrado, Ray (International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2018)

The webcam and student engagement in synchronous online learning: visually or verbally? - Händel, Marion; Bedenlier, Svenja; Kopp, Bärbel; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kammerl, Rudolf; Ziegler, Albert (Education and Information Technologies, 2022)

The World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student initiative: An overview - Cuijpers, Pim; Auerbach, Randy P.; Benjet, Corina; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Ebert, David; Karyotaki, Eirini; Kessler, Ronald C. (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2019)
Objectives: The college years are a developmentally crucial period and a peak age for the onset of mental disorders. Methods: The World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative is aimed at developing and implementing a system for improving prevention and early interventions for mental health problems among college students. Results: The initiative consists of three core elements. The first element is a web-based survey to assess the magnitude and nature of emotional problems, the effects of these problems on students' functioning, and barriers to seeking treatment. All first-year students in participating colleges are invited to participate, and we plan to expand the survey to all students in the future. The second element is an infrastructure to test internet-based interventions aimed at the prevention and early intervention in mental health problems. Participating colleges can develop and test internet-based interventions in randomized trials. The first pilot tests on such interventions now been done. The third element is the dissemination and continuous quality improvement monitoring of the evidence-based interventions developed in WMH-ICS. Conclusions: By addressing these three core elements, the WMH-ICS aims to integrate epidemiological and clinical research to offer scalable and effective evidence-based interventions for mental health problems at a critical life course stage.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02
Keywords: affective disorders; depression; early intervention; prevention; psychotherapy

Thought control in daily working life: How the ability to stop thoughts protects self-esteem - Göbel, Kyra; Niessen, Cornelia (Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2021)
Dealing with unwanted thoughts is a recurrent phenomenon in everyday life. The present study focuses on intrusive thoughts in the work context and examines the protective function of thought control for self-esteem. Possible mediators (negative affect, task focus) and individual differences in the ability to control unwanted thoughts are also considered. We assessed 143 employees' individual ability to suppress thoughts using the think/no-think paradigm, followed by a five-day experience sampling study in the work context. Multilevel analyses showed that individuals with lower suppression abilities experienced higher negative affect and lower self-esteem when they tried to suppress intrusive thoughts, whereas individuals with higher suppression abilities did not. The findings reveal the protective nature of thought suppression abilities, but also highlight possible detrimental aspects of unsuccessfully engaging in thought control. The results provide a basis for recommendations to individuals on dealing with intrusive thoughts.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-14
Keywords: experience sampling; intrusive thoughts; self-esteem; think/no-think; thought control

Threat belief determines the degree of costly safety behavior: Assessing rule-based generalization of safety behavior with a dimensional measure of avoidance - Wong, Alex H.K.; Pittig, Andre (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2022)
Excessive generalization of safety behavior to innocuous stimuli that resemble a feared stimulus is oftentimes pathological especially with inflicted impairments. Safety behavior is conventionally assessed dichotomously, requiring multiple presentations of each test stimulus for assessing the proportion of safety behavior executed. Thus, the generalization gradient confounds with ongoing extinction learning during non-reinforced test trials. The present study employed a recently developed dimensional measure of avoidance to examine the extent of safety behavior generalization. We found that a dimensional measure of avoidance was able to assess the generalization gradients of safety behavior even when each test stimulus was presented once, thus minimizing the effect of ongoing extinction learning. Of equal importance is whether higher-order cognitive processes shape generalization of safety behavior. We found a range of distinct generalization gradients in safety behavior, which were highly consistent with participants’ verbally reported relational rules. This rule-based generalization parallels to how clinically anxious individuals develop different threat beliefs after trauma exposure, and models how these distinct threat beliefs determine the extent of safety behavior engagement.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-07-22
Keywords: Extinction; Fear conditioning; Fear generalization; Rule-based generalization; Safety behavior; Threat beliefs

Threat belief determines the degree of costly safety behavior: assessing rule-based generalization of safety behavior with a dimensional measure of avoidance - Wong, Alex; Pittig, Andre (JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-11-19

Threat of resource loss: The role of self-regulation in adaptive task performance. - Niessen, Cornelia; Jimmieson, N.L. (The Journal of Applied Psychology, 2015)
Changes at work are often accompanied with the threat of, or actual, resource loss. Through an experiment, we investigated the detrimental effect of the threat of resource loss on adaptive task performance. Self-regulation (i.e., task focus and emotion control) was hypothesized to buffer the negative relationship between the threat of resource loss and adaptive task performance. Adaptation was conceptualized as relearning after a change in task execution rules. Threat of resource loss was manipulated for 100 participants undertaking an air traffic control task. Using discontinuous growth curve modeling, 2 kinds of adaptation-transition adaptation and reacquisition adaptation-were differentiated. The results showed that individuals who experienced the threat of resource loss had a stronger drop in performance (less transition adaptation) and a subsequent slower recovery (less reacquisition adaptation) compared with the control group who experienced no threat. Emotion control (but not task focus) moderated the relationship between the threat of resource loss and transition adaptation. In this respect, individuals who felt threatened but regulated their emotions performed better immediately after the task change (but not later on) compared with those individuals who felt threatened and did not regulate their emotions as well. However, later on, relearning (reacquisition adaptation) under the threat of resource loss was facilitated when individuals concentrated on the task at hand. (PsycINFO Database Record

Three-Dimensional Portable Document Format (3D PDF) in Clinical Communication and Biomedical Sciences: Systematic Review of Applications, Tools, and Protocols - Newe, Axel; Becker, Linda (JMIR Medical Informatics, 2018)
Background: The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the standard file format for the communication of biomedical information via the internet and for electronic scholarly publishing. Although PDF allows for the embedding of three-dimensional (3D) objects and although this technology has great potential for the communication of such data, it is not broadly used by the scientific community or by clinicians. Objective: The objective of this review was to provide an overview of existing publications that apply 3D PDF technology and the protocols and tools for the creation of model files and 3D PDFs for scholarly purposes to demonstrate the possibilities and the ways to use this technology. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles searched for were in English, peer-reviewed with biomedical reference, published since 2005 in a journal or presented at a conference or scientific meeting. Ineligible articles were removed after screening. The found literature was categorized into articles that (1) applied 3D PDF for visualization, (2) showed ways to use 3D PDF, and (3) provided tools or protocols for the creation of 3D PDFs or necessary models. Finally, the latter category was analyzed in detail to provide an overview of the state of the art. Results: The search retrieved a total of 902 items. Screening identified 200 in-scope publications, 13 covering the use of 3D PDF for medical purposes. Only one article described a clinical routine use case; all others were pure research articles. The disciplines that were covered beside medicine were many. In most cases, either animal or human anatomies were visualized. A method, protocol, software, library, or other tool for the creation of 3D PDFs or model files was described in 19 articles. Most of these tools required advanced programming skills and/or the installation of further software packages. Only one software application presented an all-in-one solution with a graphical user interface. Conclusions: The use of 3D PDF for visualization purposes in clinical communication and in biomedical publications is still not in common use, although both the necessary technique and suitable tools are available, and there are many arguments in favor of this technique. The potential of 3D PDF usage should be disseminated in the clinical and biomedical community. Furthermore, easy-to-use, standalone, and free-of-charge software tools for the creation of 3D PDFs should be develope
Keywords: 3D PDF; 3D visualization; apps; biomedical science; clinical communication; electronic publishing; interactive; online data sharing; protocols; scholarly publishing; tools

Thriving at work: A diary study. - Niessen, Cornelia; Sonnentag, Sabine; Sach, Frederike (25st Annual SIOP Conference, 2010)

Thriving at work - A diary study - Niessen, Cornelia; Sonnentag, Sabine; Sach, Frederike (Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2012)
The present diary study examines how employees thrive at work in response to resources (i.e., positive meaning, relational resources, and knowledge). Thriving is conceptualized as the joint experience of vitality and learning. A total of 121 employees working in the social services sector responded to three daily surveys (in the morning, at lunchtime, and at the end of the work day) for a period of five work days. Intra-individual analyses (hierarchical linear modeling) revealed that on days when employees experience positive meaning at work in the morning, they feel more vital at the end of the work day and have a higher sense of learning. Work behaviors such as task focus and exploration mediated the relation between positive meaning and both components of thriving. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Thriving when exhausted: The role of perceived transformational leadership. - Niessen, Cornelia; Mäder, Inge; Jimmieson, N.L. (Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2017)

Thriving when exhausted: The Role of Tranformational Leadership. - Niessen, Cornelia; Mäder, Inge; Jimmieson, N.L. (Poster presented at the 32nd Annual SIOP Conference, Orlando, Florida., 2017)

Time course of the physiological stress response to an acute stressor and its associations with the primacy and recency effect of the serial position curve - Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas (PLoS ONE, 2019)
Whether stress affects memory depends on which stress pathway becomes activated and which specific memory system is involved. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), leads to a release of catecholamines. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leads to a release of glucocorticoids. In thus study, it was investigated whether SNS and/or HPA axis activation are associated with long-term memory (LTM) and/or working memory (WM) performance in humans. Thirty-three participants underwent the socially evaluated cold-pressor test. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was used as a marker for the activation of the SNS and cortisol as marker for HPA axis activation. Memory was assessed by means of word lists with 15 words each. The primacy effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the beginning of the lists) of the serial position curve was considered as indicator for LTM. The recency effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the end of the lists) were used as estimator for WM performance. In sAA responders, the recency effect and, therefore, WM performance increased immediately after the stressor. This was not found in sAA non-responders. In cortisol responders, the primacy effect and, thus, LTM performance decreased 20 minutes after the stressor. No change in LTM performance was found in cortisol non-responders. Our study supports the assumptions that 1) SNS activation is associated with WM processes via stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, and 2) HPA axis activation is associated with LTM processes through interactions with the hippocampu
Keywords: acute stress; salivary alpha-amylase; cortisol; working memory; long-term memory; primacy effect; recency effect

Time matters – Acute stress response and glucocorticoid sensitivity in early multiple sclerosis - Kern, Simone; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eisenhofer, Grame; Lange, Jan; Ziemssen, Tjalf (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2014)

Time perceptions from seconds to lifetimes: How perceived time affects adult development - Liao, Hsiao-Wen; Hommelhoff, Sabine; Carstensen, Laura L. (Handbook of Cognitive Aging, 2020)

Time to Forget: Intentional Forgetting in the Digital World of Work - Niessen, Cornelia; Göbel, Kyra; Siebers, Michael; Schmid, Ute (Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, 2020)
Emerging technologies at work encourage the collection and storage of large amounts of data. However, these vast quantities of data are likely to impair efficient work decisions by employees over time, with negative consequences for the organization. As human attention increasingly represents the scarce resource at work, the present paper focuses on a mechanism of attentional control at work-namely, intentionally forgetting unwanted and outdated internal (e.g., knowledge) and external (e.g., digital objects) information. The purpose of this paper is threefold. Based on a short review of the research on intentional forgetting, a prototypical conceptualization of an interactive assistive system (Dare2Del, cognitive companion) is provided, which should support employees in temporally ignoring or permanently deleting outdated information. Then, we completed a critical incident study to examine why and when employees might want to forget information at work, and to identify in which working situations an assistive system should be particularly helpful.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-27
Keywords: information overload; intentional forgetting; self-control

Tissue specificity of glucocorticoid sensitivity in healthy adults - Ebrecht, M.; Buske-Kirschbaum, Angelika; Hellhammer, Dirk; Kern, S.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Walker, B.; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2000)

To be or not to be proactive: The role of leadership and employees' gender - Eibl, Bettina; Niessen, Cornelia (Conference of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2015)

To Detach or Not to Detach? Two Experimental Studies on the Affective Consequences of Detaching From Work During Non-work Time - Sonnentag, Sabine; Niessen, Cornelia (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020)
Previous correlational studies have shown that both psychological detachment from work and positively thinking about work during non-work time are associated with favorable affective states. In our research we integrate these contradictory findings and add more rigor to detachment research by using an experimental design. In two experimental studies conducted in the laboratory, we manipulated two different kinds of detachment from work (thinking about a hobby; explicit detachment instruction) and three different kinds of thinking about work (thinking negatively, thinking positively, thinking in an unspecific way) by short written instructions. Results show that both detachment strategies lead to a reduction in negative affect (in both studies) and to an increase in positive affect (in one study). The effect of detachment was particularly strong when it was contrasted with thinking negatively about work and when end-of-workday negative affect was high. In some of the comparisons, the affective benefits of positively thinking about work were stronger than those of psychological detachment from work. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that detachment from work as well as positive thinking improves subsequent affect, highlighting the causality underlying the association between psychological detachment from work - as a core recovery experience - and subsequent affective states.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-11-20

To track or not to track? LASER Discussion Paper, No. 101, Erlangen-Nürnberg. - Abraham, Martin; Grimm, Veronika; Lorek, Kerstin; Möslein, Kathrin; Niessen, Cornelia; Schnabel, Claus; Wrede, Matthias (2017)
In this exploratory study, we analyze under which circumstances employees are willing to accept tracking and tracing technologies at the workplace inside and outside the employer’s premises. The results from our multi-factorial survey show that employees do not reject these technologies per se. However, they are sensitive, e.g., regarding the transparency and efficiency of the informational changes and the involvement of works councils, and they are rather skeptical if these technologies are to be used for monitoring health and performance. The results indicate that the new technologies at hand will probably be introduced, but the introduction may be subject to bargaining and conflicts between the actors involve
Keywords: tracking; tracing; labor market; work council

Touchscreen-based assessment of food approach biases: Investigating reliability and item-specific preferences - Kahveci, Sercan; van Alebeek, Hannah; Berking, Matthias; Blechert, Jens (Appetite, 2021)
Strong cravings for unhealthy foods and implicit tendencies to approach them threaten the physical and mental health of vulnerable populations. Yet, implicit measures of food approach tendencies have methodological limitations, as existing approach-avoidance tasks (AAT) are often unreliable and require specialized hardware. We propose a novel method to measure approach biases: on a touchscreen, participants slide their hand either toward a food item (and away from control images) or away from it (and toward control images) in separate blocks. Adequate attention to the stimuli is ensured by the coupling of stimulus category to the required response. We found that this touchscreen-variant of the AAT yielded reliable bias scores when approach and avoidance were defined as movements relative to the stimulus rather than to the body. Compared to control images, we found an approach bias for low-calorie foods but not for high-calorie foods. This bias additionally varied on a food-by-food basis depending on the participant's desire to eat individual food items. Correlations with state and trait cravings were inconclusive. Future research needs to address the order effects that were found, in which participants avoiding foods in the first block showed larger biases than participants approaching food in the first block, likely due to insufficient opportunity to practice the task. Our findings highlight the need for approach bias retraining paradigms to use personalized stimulus sets. The task can enrich the methodological repertoire of research on eating disorders, obesity and cognitive bias modification.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-14
Keywords: Approach-avoidance; Craving; Eating behavior; Embodied cognition; Evaluative coding; Reliability; Touchscreen

Towards a Computable Data Corpus of Temporal Correlations between Drug Administration and Lab Value Changes - Newe, Axel; Wimmer, Stefan; Neubert, Antje; Becker, Linda; Prokosch, Hans-Ulrich; Beckmann, Matthias; Fietkau, Rainer; Forster, Christian; Neurath, Markus; Schett, Georg; Ganslandt, Thomas (PLoS ONE, 2015)
Background The analysis of electronic health records for an automated detection of adverse drug reactions is an approach to solve the problems that arise from traditional methods like spontaneous reporting or manual chart review. Algorithms addressing this task should be modeled on the criteria for a standardized case causality assessment defined by the World Health Organization. One of these criteria is the temporal relationship between drug intake and the occurrence of a reaction or a laboratory test abnormality. Appropriate data that would allow for developing or validating related algorithms is not publicly available, though. Methods In order to provide such data, retrospective routine data of drug administrations and temporally corresponding laboratory observations from a university clinic were extracted, transformed and evaluated by experts in terms of a reasonable time relationship between drug administration and lab value alteration. Result The result is a data corpus of 400 episodes of normalized laboratory parameter values in temporal context with drug administrations. Each episode has been manually classified whether it contains data that might indicate a temporal correlation between the drug administration and the change of the lab value course, whether such a change is not observable or whether a decision between those two options is not possible due to the data. In addition, each episode has been assigned a concordance value which indicates how difficult it is to assess. This is the first open data corpus of a computable ground truth of temporal correlations between drug administration and lab value alterations. Discussion The main purpose of this data corpus is the provision of data for further research and the provision of a ground truth which allows for comparing the outcome of other assessments of this data with the outcome of assessments made by human experts. It can serve as a contribution towards systematic, computerized ADR detection in retrospective data. With this lab value curve data as a basis, algorithms for detecting temporal relationships can be developed, and with the classification made by human experts, these algorithms can immediately be validated. Due to the normalization of the lab value data, it allows for a generic approach rather than for specific or solitary drug/lab value combination

Towards a systemic theory of gifted education - Ziegler, Albert; Phillipson, Shane N (High ability studies, 2012)

Towards a systemic theory of giftedness - Harder, Bettina (Talent development and excellence, 2012)

Towards Classifying Cognitive Performance by Sensing Electrodermal Activity in Children With Specific Learning Disorders - Rico-Olarte, Carolina; López, Diego M.; Becker, Linda; Eskofier, Björn (IEEE Access, 2020)
When children suffer from cognitive disorders, school performance and social environment are affected. Measuring changes in cognitive progress is essential for assessing the clinical follow-up of the patient's cognitive abilities. This process is considered as a challenge in ambulatory settings, where follow-ups should be non-invasive and continuous. Psychophysiological measures are an objective and unobtrusive evaluation alternative for recognizing cognitive changes. This paper aims to validate the relationship between cognition and the changes in physiological signals of children suffering from Specic Learning Disorders (SLD). This validation was carried out in an eHealth rehabilitation context (with the HapHop-Physio game). Electrodermal activity (EDA) signals were collected, processed, and analyzed through a machine learning approach. Obtained results were: a dataset built from wearable physiological data and a supervised classication model. The classication model can identify the children's cognitive performance (class) from the features of the tonic component of the EDA signal (attributes) with an accuracy of 79.95%. The presented results evidence that psychophysiological measures could allow for a highly objective follow-up for patients. They can also lead to creating a basis for further improvement of rehabilitation environments and developing neurofeedback applications.<br
Keywords: Electrodermal activity; cognitive performance; supervised classification; specific learning disorders

Towards Integration of Sleep Quality in Sports Monitoring – Improving Wearable Sleep Detection Algorithms through Respiratory Information - Krauß, Daniel; Richer, Robert; Küderle, Arne; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Björn (13th World Congress of Performance Analysis of Sport 2022 & 13th International Symposium on Computer Science in Sport 2022, 2022)
Sleep affects a variety of cognitive and physiological functions like reaction time, muscle strength, and motivation (Halson and Juliff 2017). Thus, sufficient sleep and regeneration are crucial for performance in sports. Nevertheless, current data suggests that many elite athletes do not experience optimal sleep quality or quantity (Halson and Juliff 2017). To offer athletes the possibility to adjust their sleep and gain better performance, it is important to reliably detect sleep. The gold standard for sleep detection is Polysomnography (PSG). However, long-term sleep tracking via PSG is not feasible, due to the requirement of performing it in a laboratory setting (Iber et al. 2004). Wearable sensors are a promising alternative since they are low-cost and widely used throughout the sports community. During sleep, body movements decrease compared to wakefulness (Wilde-Frenz and Schulz 1983). In addition, cardiac and respiratory activity changes during sleep (Douglas et al. 1982; Silvani and Dampney 2013). However, current commercial systems are mostly based on actigraphy for unobtrusive sleep detection (Imtiaz 2021). But, movement-based systems tend to overestimate sleep due to a lack of movements shortly before falling asleep or in short periods of wakefulness (De Zambotti et al. 2019). Previous research shows promising improvements in sleep detection by combining actigraphy with cardiac and respiratory information (Devot, Dratwa, and Naujokat 2010). Recent work has only assessed the combination of actigraphy and heart rate variability (HRV) but has not investigated respiration in large-scale studies (Zhai et al. 2020). For that reason, this work aims to compare actigraphy-based sleep detection with multimodal approaches combining actigraphy and HRV, and to investigate the influence of adding respiratory information in a large-scale dataset by comparing different machine learning algorithms. The data used in this work were collected in a sleep study of 2,237 participants, which contains actigraphy, ECG, and unattended overnight PSG recordings including respiratory information (Zhang et al. 2018). After excluding participants with incomplete data, 1,740 remained for further analysis. In total, 370 actigraphy features, as well as 30 HRV features were extracted according to Zhai et al. (2020). In addition, 62 respiration rate variability (RRV) features were extracted using the Neurokit2 library (Makowski et al. 2021). Results show that the best-performing algorithm to discriminate between sleep and wake phases was a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). To find the best set of hyperparameters, a grid search with embedded 5-fold cross validation was performed over a defined search space. In this work, adding respiratory information significantly improved the key metrics of assessing sleep/wake detection performance (Figure 1). Adding RRV features resulted in a larger boost in detection accuracy than adding HRV to actigraphy (Table 1). In particular, specificity, which is a good marker for assessing the overprediction of sleep, showed a strong increase in performance. The extraction of respiratory information from ECG might be advantageous, as no additional sensors are required. Better sleep detection can help athletes to adjust their sleep habits and, thus, gain better performance. Furthermore, this offers the unique possibility to further investigate the link between physical performance and sleep qualit
Keywords: SLEEP; SPORTS PERFORMANCE; BIOSIGNALS; DATA ANALYTICS; MACHINE LEARNING

Tracking and Teamwork Performance - Auferoth, Florian; Eskofier, Björn; Gerber, Luis; Grimm, Veronika; Richer, Robert; Rohleder, Nicolas (2020)
In a lab-in-the-field experiment, we investigate how using tracking and tracing technology impacts work performance, division of tasks, and stress levels of individuals measured by salivary biomarkers in team work. We focus on situations where individuals engage in teamwork and compare treatments, in which (i) teams are not subject to tracking technology and all team members receive equal payment depending on the team output; (ii) team interactions are tracked and analyzed and all team members receive equal payment depending on the team output; (iii) team interactions are tracked and analyzed to estimate individual productivity and each team member receives a payment that is proportional to estimated worker productivity. The tracking technology employed measures team interactions in the form of individual discussion contributions. The results do not indicate increased biological activation levels, but provide some evidence for increases in social stress when teams are tracked. The tracking does not affect the individual or the team output. Payment contingent on individual performance indicators significantly reduces how specialized team members work but does not affect the output. Our findings suggest that the effects of tracking and of individual incentives on stress levels and on productivity are modest. We provide some further analysis of diversification as insurance mechanism against the risk of low payment under individual incentives. As result of low power we find no sufficient evidence that risk preferences can explain the specialization difference between team and individual incentives.<br
Keywords: Tracking; Teamwork; Monitoring; Team incentive-pay

Training emotionaler Kompetenzen - Berking, Matthias (Springer, 2015)

Training emotionaler Kompetenzen - Berking, Matthias (Springer, 2017)
In diesem Buch erfahren Psychologische und Ärztliche Psychotherapeuten, Klinische Psychologen, Psychiater, Mitarbeiter in Beratungsstellen und Gesundheitscoaches, wie sie ihre Klienten darin unterstützen können, kompetent mit belastenden Gefühlen umzugehen. Diese Fähigkeit ist von zentraler Bedeutung für Wohlbefinden und psychische Gesundheit. Das Training emotionaler Kompetenzen (TEK) ist ein transdiagnostisch orientiertes Interventionsprogramm, welches immer dann eingesetzt werden kann, wenn Defizite in der Emotionsregulation als Ursache für reduziertes Wohlbefinden oder psychische Störungen angesehen werden. Das TEK ist primär als Gruppentraining konzipiert, kann aber auch im Einzelsetting eingesetzt werden. Anwendungsfelder ergeben sich (1) in der Behandlung psychischer Störungen in psychotherapeutischen Praxen, Ambulanzen und Kliniken, (2) in der Prävention psychischer Erkrankungen bei Risikogruppen, (3) für die Förderung der Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im nicht-klinischen Bereich. <br
Keywords: Affekt; Akzeptanz; Atem; Beratung; Emotion; Emotionsregulation; Entspannung; Kompetenztraining; Muskelentspannung; Neurowissenschaften; Psychische Gesundheit; Psychotherapie; Ressourcenorientierung; Selbstmanagement; Selbstwirksamkeit; Stressbewältigung; Trainingsmanual; Wahrnehmung; Manual

Training emotionaler Kompetenzen - Berking, Matthias; Hondong, Sinja (Psychotherapie im Dialog, 2018)

Training emotionaler Kompetenzen (TEK) - Berking, Matthias; Rupprecht, Raphael (Handbuch Emotionsregulation, 2020)
Die Welt ist nicht primär auf unsere Bedürfnisbefriedigung ausgerichtet. Doch selbst wenn wir unsere Bedürfnisse für eine Weile gut befriedigen können, neigen wir dazu, uns an diesen Zustand zu gewöhnen und dann mehr von der Welt zu fordern. In der Folge kommt es zwingend zu Zuständen mangelnder Bedürfnisbefriedigung bzw. mangelnder Zielerreichung. Und damit kommt es auch unvermeidlicherweise zu subjektiv unerwünschten Gefühlen. Wie wir mit diesen Gefühlen umgehen, trägt nachweislich zur Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung psychischer Störungen bei. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde das Training Emotionaler Kompetenzen (TEK) entwickelt. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, in die theoretischen Hintergründe, die dem Training zugrunde liegen, und die praktischen Vorgehensweisen, die im Training zum Einsatz kommen Vorgehensweisen.<br

Training im Problemlösen (TIP): Ein sozial-kognitives Kompetenztraining für Grundschulkinder. Erste Ergebnisse zur Implementation und Wirkungsevaluation - Hacker, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Jaursch, Stefanie; Beelmann, Andreas (Heilpädagogische Forschung, 2007)

Training im Problemlösen (TIP): Ein sozial-kognitives Kompetenztraining für Kinder im Grundschulalter - Stemmler, Mark (Kinder(-nöte) im Blick – Kinder schützen, Gefährdungen und Risiken vorbeugen, 2008)

Trainings emotionaler, sozialer und kommunikativer Fertigkeiten - Helbig-Lang, Sylvia; Klose, Michael; Berking, Matthias (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2020)
Schwierigkeiten in der Gestaltung interpersoneller Beziehungen sind ein häufiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung psychischer Störungen. Diese Schwierigkeiten können in der Wahrnehmung und im Ausdruck eigener oder fremder Emotionen oder in der Beurteilung der Angemessenheit sowie der Ausführung sozialen und kommunikativen Verhaltens begründet sein. Dementsprechend bilden Trainings emotionaler, sozialer und kommunikativer Fertigkeiten eine häufig angewendete Gruppe therapeutischer Programme, die auf intra- und interpersoneller Ebene ansetzen können und verschiedene Interventionen zum Aufbau von Fertigkeiten nutzen. Dazu zählen sowohl Verhaltensübungen und Rollenspiele als auch kognitive und Entspannungstechniken. Häufig stellen Fertigkeitstrainings einen Baustein in einem komplexen Behandlungsprogramm psychischer Störungen, sie können jedoch auch einzeln, vor allem im Rahmen von Prävention oder Rehabilitation eingesetzt werden.<br

Trajectories of relationship stress and inflammatory processes in adolescence - Ehrlich, Katherine B.; Miller, Gregory E.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Adam, Emma K. (Development and Psychopathology, 2016)

Transdiagnostic Internet Intervention for Indonesian University Students With Depression and Anxiety: Evaluation of Feasibility and Acceptability - Rahmadiana, Metta; Karyotaki, Eirini; Schulte, Mieke; Ebert, David; Passchier, Jan; Cuijpers, Pim; Berger, Thomas; Van Ballegooijen, Wouter; Wimbarti, Supra; Riper, Heleen (JMIR Mental Health, 2021)
Background: University students with depression and anxiety do not easily receive or seek treatment; therefore, internet-based interventions have been suggested to be a promising way to improve treatment accessibility and availability. However, it has not been examined whether a guided, culturally adapted, transdiagnostic, internet-based intervention is effective for treating symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both among university students in Indonesia.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-04-02

Transdiagnostic Tailored Internet- and Mobile-Based Guided Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Anxiety: Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. - Weisel, Kiona; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berger, Thomas; Schaub, Michael P.; Krieger, Tobias; Moser, Christian T.; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018)
The present study will provide evidence on the efficacy, potential cost-effectiveness, and moderators of a transdiagnostic tailored guided internet- and mobile-based treatment protocol. German Register of Clinical Studies DRKS00011690 (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/). TRIAL REGISTRATION

Transdiagnostic treatment of depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis - Cuijpers, Pim; Miguel, Clara; Ciharova, Marketa; Ebert, David; Harrer, Mathias; Karyotaki, Eirini (Psychological Medicine, 2023)
BackgroundIn the past 10 years an increasing number of randomised trials have examined the effects of transdiagnostic treatments of patients with depression or anxiety. We conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis of the outcomes of this emerging field. MethodsWe used the searches in PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase and the Cochrane library of an existing database of randomised trials of psychological interventions for depression to identify studies comparing a transdiagnostic treatment of patients with depression or anxiety with a control group (deadline 1 January 2022). We conducted random-effects meta-analyses and examined the effects on depression and anxiety at the short and longer term. ResultsWe included 45 randomised controlled trials with 51 comparisons between a psychotherapy and a control group and 5530 participants. Thirty-five (78%) studies were conducted in the last 10 years. The overall effect size was g = 0.54 (95% CI 0.40-0.69; NNT = 5.87), with high heterogeneity (I-2 = 78; 95% CI 71-83), and a broad PI (-0.31-1.39). The effects remained significant in a series of sensitivity analyses, including exclusion of outliers, adjustment for publication bias, for studies with low risk of bias, and in multilevel analyses. The results were comparable for depression and anxiety separately. At 6 months after randomisation the main effects were still significant, but not at 12 months, although the number of studies was small. ConclusionsTransdiagnostic treatments of patients with depression or anxiety are increasingly examined and are probably effective at the short term.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-02-03

Translating Biobehavioral Research Advances into Improvements in Health Care - A “Network of Networks” Approach to Multimorbidity - Rohleder, Nicolas (Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2017)

Treating internet use disorders via the internet? Results of a two-Armed randomized controlled trial - Bernstein, Karina; Schaub, Michael Patrick; Baumeister, Harald; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David Daniel; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta (Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2023)
Background and aims: Internet Use Disorders (IUDs) are emerging as a societal challenge. Evidence-based treatment options are scarce. Digital health interventions may be promising to deliver psychological treatment to individuals with IUDs directly in their online setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a digital health intervention for IUDs compared to a waitlist control group (WCG). Methods: In a two-Armed randomized controlled trial, N = 130 individuals showing IUDs (Internet Addiction Test; IAT ≥49) were randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG; n = 65) or WCG (n = 65). The intervention consisted of 7 sessions based on cognitive behavioral therapy. The primary outcome was IUD symptom severity measured via the IAT at post treatment 7 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes included IUD symptoms (Compulsive Internet Use Scale; CIUS), quality of life, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and other psychosocial variables associated with IUDs. Results: Participants were on average 28.45 years old (SD = 10.59) and 50% identified as women, 49% as men, and 1% as non-binary. The IG (n = 65) showed significantly less IUD symptom severity (IAT) (d = 0.54, 95% CI 0.19-0.89) and symptoms (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.22-0.92) than the WCG (n = 65) at post-Treatment. Study attrition was 20%. Effects on all other secondary outcomes were not significant. On average, participants completed 67.5% of the intervention. Discussion and Conclusions: A digital health intervention could be a promising first step to reduce IUD symptom severity.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-11-10
Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy for IUDs; digital health intervention; guided self-help; internet use disorders; online CBT; randomized controlled trial

Treatment and management of young offenders in the criminal justice system: A European perspective - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Prison Service Journal, 2016)
Keywords: treatment; young offenders

Treatment of comorbid alcohol use disorders and depression with cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis. - Riper, Heleen; Andersson, Gerhard; Hunter, Sarah B.; de Wit, Jessica; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2014)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To review published studies on the effectiveness of combining cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI) to treat comorbid clinical and subclinical alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depression (MDD) and estimate the effect of this compared with usual care. METHODS We conducted systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase up to June 2013 and identified additional studies through cross-references in included studies and systematic reviews. Twelve studies comprising 1721 patients met our inclusion criteria. The studies had sufficient statistical power to detect small effect sizes. RESULTS CBT/MI proved effective for treating subclinical and clinical AUD and MDD compared with controls, with small overall effect sizes at post-treatment [g=0.17, confidence interval (CI)=0.07-0.28, P<0.001 for decrease of alcohol consumption and g=0.27, CI: 0.13-0.41, P<0.001 for decrease of symptoms of depression, respectively]. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences for both AUD and MDD. However, digital interventions showed a higher effect size for depression than face-to-face interventions (g= 0.73 and g=0.23, respectively, P=0.030). CONCLUSIONS Combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing for clinical or subclinical depressive and alcohol use disorders has a small but clinically significant effect in treatment outcomes compared with treatment as usual.

Treatment of Sex Offenders - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2014)

Treatment of sexual offenders: Concepts and empirical evaluations - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (The Oxford handbook of sex offences and sex offending, 2017)
This chapter contains an overview on concepts of sexual offender treatment and their effects in reducing reoffending. In the first part we briefly discuss various treatment approaches:  behavior modification, cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT), relapse prevention (RP), psychodynamic treatment, therapeutic communities, multi-systemic therapy, pharmacological treatment and brain-oriented biofeedback techniques. The second part contains a synthesis of results from meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the effects of sex offender treatment. Overall, research reveals a positive treatment effect on sexual reoffending of d = 0.20 that indicates up to 25% less recidivism in treatment versus control groups. CBT, RP and programs based on the Risk- Need-Responsivity Model have the strongest evidence base. However, the studies and findings are very heterogeneous and outcomes vary depending on many treatment, setting, offender, and methodological factors. Most promising are programs with the following characteristics: treatment in the community and in forensic hospitals, delivered in a partly individualized mode, implemented with sound integrity, targeting medium to high-risk offenders, addressing young individuals, and being evaluated in well documented small studies. In contrast, programs in prisons, delivered merely in a group format, including low risk offenders, and evaluations in large samples show smaller or no effects. Recent developments aim to modernize and widen standard programs towards more differentiated interventions, but more sound evaluation research is needed. This also applies to combinations of psychosocial and pharmacological treatment.
Keywords: sexual offender treatment; treatment concepts; outcome evaluation; meta-analysis; recidivism

Treatment outcome in substance use disorder patients with and without comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review - Hildebrand, Anja; Behrendt, Silke; Hoyer, Jürgen (Psychotherapy Research, 2015)

Triadisches Interdependenzmodell: Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie - Reutlinger, Marold (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2013)

TUIM® urofemin – Ein Nahrungsergänzungsmittel zur Erhaltung der Blasengesundheit bei Frauen: Evaluation einer Verzehrbeobachtung - Stemmler, Mark; Warbruck, Ingo (Klinische Forschung und Recht, 2006)

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha). - Rohleder, Nicolas (Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2012)

Turning good intentions into actions by using the health action process approach to predict adherence to internet-based depression prevention: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial - Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Reis, Dorota; Lehr, Dirk; Buntrock, Claudia; Schwarzer, Ralf; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018)
Keywords: Adherence; Depression prevention; Health action process approach; Internet Intervention

Twice exceptional - in zweifacher Hinsicht außergewöhnlich: Hochbegabte mit Lern-, Aufmerksamkeits-, Wahrnehmungsstörungen oder Autismus - Harder, Bettina (Heilpädagogik online, 2009)

Twice exceptionals. Identifikation und Förderung von Hochbegabten mit Begleitstörung - Harder, Bettina (Labyrinth, 2012)

Two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes: Liking depends on communion, respect depends on agency. - Wojciszke, Bogdan; Abele, Andrea E.; Baryla, Wieslaw (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2009)
Liking and respect are proposed as two dimensions of interpersonal attitudes. Whereas liking-disliking reflects personal preferences, respect-disrespect reflects deference. Four studies involving a variety of samples and target persons showed that: (1) liking is more strongly influenced by communal than agentic qualities of the target, (2) respect is more strongly influenced by agentic than communal qualities of the target, (3) influence of communal information on liking is mediated by the perceived benevolence of the target, (4) influence of agentic information on respect is mediated by the inferred status potential of the target person. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: interpersonal attitudes; communion; respect; liking; social perception; agency

Two faces of the self: Actor-self perspective and observer-self perspective are differentially related to agency versus communion. - Hauke, Nicole; Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Self and identity, 2019)
Communion is evaluated more positively and people are more concerned if their communion is discredited, but their self-esteem is dominated by agency. For reconciling these results we present an extended Dual Perspective Model that distinguishes the actor-self perspective (self-as-identity) and the observer-self perspective (self-as-reputation) and the facets of agency (assertiveness, competence) and communion (warmth, morality). Self-as-identity is expected to be more related to agency, particularly assertiveness, whereas self-as-reputation is expected to be more related to communion, particularly morality. As predicted, participants asked to remember identity- (reputation-) threatening situations listed mainly assertiveness and competence situations (morality situations; Study 1). Identity (reputation) threat was highest after negative agency, especially assertiveness (communion, especially morality) information (Studies 2, 3; 4 with different methodology
Keywords: Extended Dual Perspective Model; identity threat; reputation threat; facets of agency and communion

Two studies of the empirical basis of two learning resource-orientated motivational strategies for gifted educators - Vladut, Anamaria; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2016)

[U25] – Online-Suizidpräventions-Beratung. Erste Ergebnisse zu Implementation und Evaluation - Weiss, Maren; Hildebrand, Anja; Braun-Scharm, Hellmuth; Stemmler, Mark (Kinder- und Jugendschutz in Wissenschaft und Praxis, 2020)

Überlegungen zur Optimierung von Berufungsverfahren in der Psychologie - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Bühner, Markus (Psychologische Rundschau, 2016)
Ausgehend von einer Kritik an den Auswahlkriterien und am Ablauf von Berufungsverfahren für Professuren werden Optimierungsmöglichkeiten skizziert. Zunächst werden folgende Fragen erörtert: Warum sind quantitative Produktivitätsindikatoren keine hinreichenden Kriterien für Forschungsexzellenz und welche Alternativen gibt es? Wie erfasst man Exzellenz in der Lehre? Warum sollten Kriterien wie soziale Kompetenzen und Managementkompetenzen bei Berufungsentscheidungen eine Rolle spielen? Anschließend wird dafür plädiert, universitäre Berufungsverfahren als spezifischen Fall eines Personalauswahlverfahrens zu betrachten; daher sollten vorab eine positionsspezifische Anforderungsanalyse durchgeführt und Eigenschafts-, Simulations- und biographieorientierte Verfahren sowie strukturierte Interviews eingesetzt werden. Angeregt wird, eventuell noch fehlende Kompetenzen von berufenen Kollegen und Kolleginnen im Rahmen von in Zielvereinbarungen festgehaltenen Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen aufzubauen. Es werden eine Reihe von strukturellen Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die eine Revision und Erweiterung von diagnostischen Maßnahmen in Berufungsverfahren eröffnen und nicht mit einer erhöhten Arbeitsbelastung der Kommissionsmitglieder verbunden sind (etwa Leitfäden für strukturierte Interviews, Begrenzung der Anzahl der Mitglieder einer Berufungskommission, wenn die Entscheidungsprozesse auch für Nichtmitglieder klar nachvollziehbar sind).
Keywords: Hochschullehrer; Personalauswahl; Evaluationskriterien; Bewerbungsgespräche; Personalbeurteilung; Bewerberauslese; Berufliche Standards; Arbeitnehmerfachkenntnisse; Berufliche Kompetenz; Führungsqualitäten; Soziale Fertigkeiten; Wissenschaftliche Kommunikation; Arbeitnehmerproduktivität; Betriebsführung; Erwachsenenalter; Deutschland

Unbeschwerte Erzieherinnen = feinfühlige Erzieherinnen? Determinanten von Feinfühligkeit bei Erzieherinnen - Zirkelbach, Doris; Kröner, S (Posterpräsentation auf dem 3. Zill-Forschungstag, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)

Uncertainty and adaption to organizational change: The moderating role of leaders` informational support and employees` trust in leaders. - Mäder, Inge; Niessen, Cornelia (European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology Small Group Meeting (SGM). The psychology of organizational change: Understanding and dealing with change recipients’ reactions. Athens, Greece., 2016)

Uncomfortable staring? Gaze to other people in social situations is inhibited in both infants and adults - Kulke, Louisa; Ertugrul, Sahura; Reyentanz, Emely; Thomas, Vanessa (Developmental Science, 2023)
People attract infants’ and adults’ gaze when presented on a computer screen. However, in live social situations, adults inhibit their gaze at strangers to avoid sending inappropriate social signals. Such inhibition of gaze has never been directly investigated in infants. The current preregistered study measured gaze and neural responses (EEG alpha power) to a confederate in a live social situation compared to a video of this confederate. Adults looked less at the live confederate than at the video of the confederate, although their neural responses suggest that they were overall equally attentive in both situations. Infants also looked less at the live confederate than at the video of the confederate, with similar neural response patterns. The gaze difference between live social and video situations increased with age. The study shows that young infants are already sensitive to social context and show decreased gaze to strangers in social situations. Research Highlights: This study shows that infants and adults look more at a video of a stranger than at a stranger that is present live in a social situation. Neural responses suggest that adults are equally attentive in both live and video situations but inhibit their gaze at the stranger in live social situations. Infants show a similar pattern of shorter gaze at a stranger who is present in person than at a video of this stranger. The study shows that gaze in infants and adults may diverge from cognitive processes measured through EEG, highlighting the importance of combining behavioural and neural measures in natural interactions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-29
Keywords: attention; EEG; eye-movements; live social situations; social interaction

Underachievement - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Begabungsförderung und Schulentwicklung, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.undera

Underachievement: Ein kritischer Review - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (ECHA Österreich : ein Markenzeichen für Begabungsförderung und Schulentwicklung, 2009)

Unequal Tweets: Black Disadvantage is (Re)tweeted More but Discussed Less Than White Privilege - Malapally, Annette; Blombach, Andreas; Heinrich, Philipp; Schnepf, Julia; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Political Communication, 2023)
Disadvantage and privilege work together to uphold systems of inequality. Nevertheless, racial inequality is often described as Black disadvantage, while White privilege remains less visible. This one-sided framing in public discourse may result in equally one-sided understandings of and policies aimed at reducing inequality. In the present research, we examined the use of and the reactions to Black disadvantage and White privilege frames in tweets. Twitter stands out as a public sphere inspiring both online and offline political discussions and protests around racial inequality (e.g. #BlackLivesMatter). We analyzed the framing of tweets using a combination of a rule-based and a machine-learning approach, resulting in two corpora of 11,292 (Study 1) and 31,984 tweets (Study 2, a direct replication of Study 1) using comparative frames of racial inequality. Users overall more often framed inequality as Black disadvantage than as White privilege. Moreover, tweets with a disadvantage frame were more often retweeted, but less often quoted and replied to than tweets with a privilege frame. These results show that racial inequality is often one-sidedly framed in real online conversations and that this pattern may be reinforced by other users because they preferably pass on disadvantage frames. However, focusing on White privilege may provoke more discussion about racial inequality. Although effect sizes were small, these effects can impact content and perspectives in mainstream media, public opinion, and political agendas by guiding attention to certain aspects of racial inequality, but not others.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-22
Keywords: Black disadvantage; machine learning; social media; syntax analysis; White privilege

(Un)Erreichbar fern: Ein Vergleich persönlicher Ziele und Sehnsüchte - Hommelhoff, Sabine (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2004)

(Un)erreichbar fern: Unterschiede zwischen Sehnsüchten und persönlichen Zielen - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Scheibe, Susanne; Riediger, Michaela (17. Arbeitstagung der Fachgruppe Entwicklungspsychologie, 2005)

Universal prevention of antisocial development: Short- and long-term effects of a child- and parent-oriented program - Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark; Jaursch, Stefanie; Beelmann, Andreas (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2009)

Universelle Prävention dissozialen Verhaltens im Vorschulalter mit dem Elterntraining EFFEKT: Eine Wirkungsevaluation - Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie (Kriminologie und wissensbasierte Kriminalpolitik: Entwicklungs- und Evaluationsforschung., 2007)

Universitäres Direktstudium und anschließende Weiterbildung sichern Qualität und Zukunft des Berufs. - Fydrich, Thomas; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Markgraf, Jürgen; Rief, Winfried; Schneider, Silvia; Schulte, Dietmar (Psychotherapeutenjournal, 2013)

Unraveling the Black Box: Exploring Usage Patterns of a Blended Treatment for Depression in a Multicenter Study - Kemmeren, Lise L.; Van Schaik, Digna J. F.; Smit, Johannes H.; Ruwaard, Jeroen; Rocha, Artur; Henriques, Mario Ricardo; Ebert, David; Titzler, Ingrid; Hazo, Jean-Baptiste; Dorsey, Maya; Zukowska, Kasia; Riper, Heleen (JMIR Mental Health, 2019)
Background: Blended treatments, combining digital components with face-to-face (FTF) therapy, are starting to find their way into mental health care. Knowledge on how blended treatments should be set up is, however, still limited. To further explore and optimize blended treatment protocols, it is important to obtain a full picture of what actually happens during treatments when applied in routine mental health care.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-08-09

(Un)Reachable? An empirical differentiation of goals and life longings - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Scheibe, Susanne; Riediger, Michaela (European Psychologist, 2008)

Unskilled but subjectively aware: Metacognitive monitoring ability and respective awareness in low-performing students - Händel, Marion; Fritzsche, Eva (Memory and Cognition, 2016)
Two studies were conducted to further examine the unskilled-and-unaware effect and to test whether low-performing students are indeed unaware of their (expected) lower metacognitive monitoring abilities. Postdicted judgments of performance and second-order judgments (SOJs) were solicited to test students’ metacognitive awareness. Given that global and local judgments tend to differ (the confidence–frequency effect), we investigated whether students’ (un)awareness pertains to both types of judgments. A first study focusing on global judgments was conducted in a regular exam setting with 196 undergraduate education students. A second study with 115 undergraduate education students examined both global and local judgments. Local judgments were analyzed on an average level and according to different signal detection theory categories (hits, correct rejections, misses, and false alarms). In both studies, students were grouped in four performance quartiles. The results showed that low-performing students highly overestimated their performance (they were functionally overconfident). However, their SOJs indicated that they were less confident in their judgments than the other students, and thus seemed to be aware of their low ability to estimate their own performance (they were not subjectively overconfident). This was observed for global as well as for averaged local SOJs. Moreover, an analysis of the local judgments revealed that students’ SOJs varied depending not only on whether their judgments were accurate but also on whether or not they thought they knew the answer to an item. In sum, SOJs provide valuable information about students’ metacognitive awareness.
Keywords: Global judgments; Local judgments; Metacognition; Performance judgments; Second-order judgments

Untrustworthy Leaders, Distrusting Citizens? Explaining Differences in Political Trust - Methner, Nicole (Symposium conducted at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, 2017)

Usability and Naturalness of Videoconference-Based Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder at the Patients’ Homes: A Pilot Study - Netter, Anna-Lena; Hessler, Johannes Balthasar; Diedrich, Alice; Lehr, Dirk; Berking, Matthias; Pfeuffer, Simone; Voderholzer, Ulrich (Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 2018)

User Experience and Effects of an Individually Tailored Transdiagnostic Internet-Based and Mobile-Supported Intervention for Anxiety Disorders: Mixed-Methods Study - Weisel, Kiona; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berger, Thomas; Krieger, Tobias; Moser, Christian T.; Schaub, Michael P.; Görlich, Dennis; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David D. (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020)
BACKGROUND: Internet interventions have been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders. Most interventions to date focus on single disorders and disregard potential comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this mixed-methods study was to investigate feasibility, user experience, and effects of a newly developed individually tailored transdiagnostic guided internet intervention for anxiety disorders. METHODS: This study is an uncontrolled, within-group, baseline, postintervention pilot trial with an embedded qualitative and quantitative process and effect evaluation. In total, 49 adults with anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder n=20, social phobia n=19, agoraphobia without panic n=12, panic with agoraphobia n=6, panic without agoraphobia n=4, subclinical depression n=41) received access to the 7-session intervention. We examined motivation and expectations, intervention use, user experience, impact, and modification requests. Qualitative data were assessed using semistructured interviews and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Quantitative outcomes included symptom severity of anxiety and depression (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale [HAM-A], Quick Item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology clinician rating [QIDS-C]), diagnostic status in clinical interviews (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [MINI]), and web-based self-reports (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7], Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI], Panic and Agoraphobia Scale [PAS], Social Phobia Scale [SPS], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) at baseline and postassessment. Quantitative data was analyzed by comparing within-group means expressed as Cohen d. RESULTS: Anxiety symptom severity (HAM-A d=1.19) and depressive symptoms (QIDS-C d=0.42) improved significantly, and 54% (21/39) no longer were diagnosed as having any anxiety disorder. The main positive effects were the general improvement of disease burden and attentiveness to feelings and risk situations while the main negative effects experienced were lack of change in disease burden and symptom deterioration. The most prevalent reasons for participation were the advantages of online treatment, symptom burden, and openness toward online treatment. Helpful factors included support, psychoeducation and practicing strategies in daily life; the main hindering factors were too little individualization and being overwhelmed by the content and pace. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was found to be feasible and results show preliminary data indicating potential efficacy for improving anxiety and depression. The next step should be the evaluation within a randomized controlled trial. Concerning intervention development, it was found that future interventions should emphasize individualization even more in order to further improve the fit to individual characteristics, preferences, and needs.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-02
Keywords: anxiety; depression; internet intervention; tailored; transdiagnostic

Using Configural Frequency Analysis as a Person-Centered Analytic Approach with Categorical Data - Stemmler, Mark; Heine, Jörg-Henrik (International journal of behavioral development, 2016)

Using patient self-reports to study heterogeneity of treatment effects in major depressive disorder - Kessler, R. C.; Van Loo, H. M.; Wardenaar, K. J.; Bossarte, R. M.; Brenner, L. A.; Ebert, David; De Jonge, P.; Nierenberg, A. A.; Rosellini, A. J.; Sampson, N. A.; Schoevers, R. A.; Wilcox, M. A.; et al. (Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 2017)
Conclusions. Coordinated efforts are needed to develop a protocol for systematically collecting information about established predictors of heterogeneity of MDD treatment response in large observational treatment studies, applying and refining these models in subsequent pragmatic trials, carrying out pooled secondary analyses to extract the maximum amount of information from these coordinated studies, and using this information to focus future discovery efforts in the segment of the patient population in which continued uncertainty about treatment response exists.
Keywords: Depression; epidemiology; evidence-based psychiatry; research design and methods; treatment allocation

Using speech to predict sequentially measured cortisol levels during a trier social stress test - Baird, Alice; Amiriparian, Shahin; Cummins, Nicholas; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Janson, Johanna; Messner, Eva Maria; Baumeister, Harald; Rohleder, Nicolas; Schuller, Björn (Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, INTERSPEECH, 2019)
The effect of stress on the human body is substantial, potentially resulting in serious health implications. Furthermore, with modern stressors seemingly on the increase, there is an abundance of contributing factors which lead to a diagnosis of acute stress. However, observing biological stress reactions usually includes costly and time consuming sequential fluid-based samples to determine the degree of biological stress. On the contrary, a speech monitoring approach would allow for a non-invasive indication of stress. To evaluate the efficacy of the speech signal as a marker of stress, we explored, for the first time, the relationship between sequential cortisol samples and speech-based features. Utilising a novel corpus of 43 individuals undergoing a standardised Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), we extract a variety of feature sets and observe a correlation between speech and sequential cortisol measurements. For prediction of mean cortisol levels from speech, results show that for the entire TSST oral presentation, handcrafted COMPARE features achieve best results of 0.244 root mean square error [0;1] for the sample 20 minutes after the TSST. Correlation also increases at minute 20, with a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.421, and Cohen's d of 0.883 between the baseline and minute 20 cortisol predictions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-20
Keywords: Acoustic features; Biological signals; Cortisol; Speech; Trier Social Stress Test; Wellbeing

Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to evaluate a nationwide depression prevention project (ImplementIT) from the perspective of health care workers and implementers: Results on the implementation of digital interventions for farmers - Freund, Johanna; Ebert, David Daniel; Thielecke, Janika; Braun, Lina; Baumeister, Harald; Berking, Matthias; Titzler, Ingrid (Frontiers in Digital Health, 2023)
Introduction: Depression has a significant impact on individuals and society, which is why preventive measures are important. Farmers represent an occupational group exposed to many risk factors for depression. The potential of guided, tailored internet-based interventions and a personalized telephone coaching is evaluated in a German project of the Social Insurance for Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture (SVLFG). While user outcomes are promising, not much is known about actual routine care use and implementation of the two digital health interventions. This study evaluates the implementation from the perspective of social insurance employees to understand determinants influencing the uptake and implementation of digital interventions to prevent depression in farmers. Methods: The data collection and analysis are based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Health care workers (n = 86) and implementers (n = 7) completed online surveys and/or participated in focus groups. The surveys consisted of validated questionnaires used in implementation research, adapted items from the CFIR guide or from other CFIR studies. In addition, we used reporting data to map implementation based on selected CFIR constructs. Results: Within the five CFIR dimensions, many facilitating factors emerged in relation to intervention characteristics (e.g., relative advantage compared to existing services, evidence and quality) and the inner setting of the SVLFG (e.g., tension for change, compatibility with values and existing working processes). In addition, barriers to implementation were identified in relation to the outer setting (patient needs and resources), inner setting (e.g., available resources, access to knowledge and information) and characteristics of individuals (e.g., self-efficacy). With regard to the implementation process, facilitating factors (formal implementation leaders) as well as hindering factors (reflecting and evaluating) were identified. Discussion: The findings shed light on the implementation of two digital prevention services in an agricultural setting. While both offerings seem to be widely accepted by health care workers, the results also point to revealed barriers and contribute to recommendations for further service implementation. For instance, special attention should be given to “patient needs and resources” by raising awareness of mental health issues among the target population as well as barriers regarding the inner setting. Clinical Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration: [DRKS00017078]. Registered on 18.04.2019
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-02-17
Keywords: consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR); depression; farmers; implementation; internet-based intervention; mental health; prevention; telephone coaching

Using the past to estimate sensory uncertainty - Beierholm, Ulrik; Rohe, Tim; Ferrari, Ambra; Stegle, Oliver; Noppeney, Uta (eLife, 2020)
To form a more reliable percept of the environment, the brain needs to estimate its own sensory uncertainty. Current theories of perceptual inference assume that the brain computes sensory uncertainty instantaneously and independently for each stimulus. We evaluated this assumption in four psychophysical experiments, in which human observers localized auditory signals that were presented synchronously with spatially disparate visual signals. Critically, the visual noise changed dynamically over time continuously or with intermittent jumps. Our results show that observers integrate audiovisual inputs weighted by sensory uncertainty estimates that combine information from past and current signals consistent with an optimal Bayesian learner that can be approximated by exponential discounting. Our results challenge leading models of perceptual inference where sensory uncertainty estimates depend only on the current stimulus. They demonstrate that the brain capitalizes on the temporal dynamics of the external world and estimates sensory uncertainty by combining past experiences with new incoming sensory signals.<br

Vagus activation by Cold Face Test reduces acute psychosocial stress responses - Richer, Robert; Zenkner, Janis Joshua; Küderle, Arne; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Björn (Scientific Reports, 2022)
Chronic stress is linked to dysregulations of the two major stress pathways—the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which could for example result from maladaptive responses to repeated acute stress. Improving recovery from acute stress could therefore help to prevent this dysregulation. One possibility of physiologically interfering with an acute stress reaction might be provided by applying a cold stimulus to the face (Cold Face Test, CFT) which activates the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), leading to immediate heart rate decreases. Therefore, we investigated the use of the CFT protocol as an intervention to reduce acute stress responses. Twenty-eight healthy participants were exposed to acute psychosocial stress via the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) in a randomized between-subjects design while heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and salivary cortisol were assessed. While both groups were equally stressed during the procedure, participants with CFT intervention showed better recovery, indicated by significant (p<0.05) differences in HR(V). We additionally found a significantly (p<0.05) lower cortisol response to the MIST and less overall cortisol secretion in the CFT condition. Both findings indicate that the CFT can successfully stimulate the PNS and inhibit the HPA axis. To the best of our knowledge, our experiment is the first to successfully use the CFT as a simple and easy-to-apply method to modify biological responses to acute stress.<br

Validating the Goettingen Faces Database - Kulke, Louisa; Janßen, Laura; Demel, Ronja; Schacht, Annekathrin; et al. (2017)

Validation of Chinese Version of SKT (Syndrom Kurztest): A Short Cognitive Performance Test for the Assessment of Memory and Attention - Lu, Yao; Hu, Jingchao; Stemmler, Mark; Guo, Qihao (Diagnostics, 2021)

Validation of Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Major Depressive Disorder from Paralinguistic Speech Characteristics in Routine Care - Bauer, Jonathan Felix; Gerczuk, Maurice; Schindler-Gmelch, Lena; Amiriparian, Shahin; Ebert, David Daniel; Krajewski, Jarek; Schuller, Björn W.; Berking, Matthias (Depression and Anxiety, 2024)
For reviewers For editors Table of Contents Depression and Anxiety/ 2024/ Article On this page Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Conclusions Data Availability Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles Research Article | Open Access Volume 2024 | Article ID 9667377 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9667377 Show citation Validation of Machine Learning-Based Assessment of Major Depressive Disorder from Paralinguistic Speech Characteristics in Routine Care Jonathan F. Bauer ,1Maurice Gerczuk ,2Lena Schindler-Gmelch ,1Shahin Amiriparian ,2David Daniel Ebert ,3Jarek Krajewski ,4Björn Schuller ,2,5and Matthias Berking 1 1Department for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany 2Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care & Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany 3Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany 4Rhenish University of Applied Science Cologne, 50676 Cologne, Germany 5Group on Language, Audio, & Music, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK Show less Academic Editor: Giulia Landi Received 24 Mar 2023 Revised 14 Mar 2024 Accepted 22 Mar 2024 Published 09 Apr 2024 Abstract New developments in machine learning-based analysis of speech can be hypothesized to facilitate the long-term monitoring of major depressive disorder (MDD) during and after treatment. To test this hypothesis, we collected 550 speech samples from telephone-based clinical interviews with 267 individuals in routine care. With this data, we trained and evaluated a machine learning system to identify the absence/presence of a MDD diagnosis (as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) from paralinguistic speech characteristics. Our system classified diagnostic status of MDD with an accuracy of 66% (sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 62%). Permutation tests indicated that the machine learning system classified MDD significantly better than chance. However, deriving diagnoses from cut-off scores of common depression scales was superior to the machine learning system with an accuracy of 73% for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), 74% for the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Clinician version (QIDS-C), and 73% for the depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Moreover, training a machine learning system that incorporated both speech analysis and depression scales resulted in accuracies between 73 and 76%. Thus, while findings of the present study demonstrate that automated speech analysis shows the potential of identifying patterns of depressed speech, it does not substantially improve the validity of classifications from common depression scales. In conclusion, speech analysis may not yet be able to replace common depression scales in clinical practice, since it cannot yet provide the necessary accuracy in depression detection. This trial is registered with DRKS0002367

Validation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS)-Psychometric properties of the long and short form - Fuhr, Kristina; Hautzinger, Martin; Krisch, Katharina; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2016)
With the development of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS) by Kanter, et al. [1], different behavioral aspects of depression like activation, rumination or avoidance, and functional impairment can be measured. The long and the short versions of the BADS, however, show differences in the quality of psychometric properties. We wanted to validate the short and long forms of the BADS. We therefore evaluated the factor structure, the psychometric properties, and the construct validity of the long version and the subscales in a clinically depressed German sample (n = 258) in study 1. In study 2, we explored the factor structure and the psychometric properties of the short version of the BADS in a subsyndromal sample with elevated depressive symptoms (n = 406). In study 1, our results replicated the four factor solution of the BADS-25 original version and showed good psychometric properties. However, with regard to the BADS-9 only the French factor solution of the short BADS-9 demonstrated acceptable fit with low internal consistency of the subscale Avoidance. Thus, only the total score of the short form can be recommended. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Validation of the Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS) – further development of an independent characteristic of informal caregiving - Pendergrass, Anna; Weiß, Saskia; Rohleder, Nicolas; Grässel, Elmar (BMC Geriatrics, 2023)
Background: Although larger amounts of scientific attention have been directed toward the concept of positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) in recent years, a globally uniform definition and a suitable, scientifically valid questionnaire for all informal caregivers have yet to be developed. On the basis of the questionnaires that already exist for measuring PAC, the authors aimed to (a) concretize the concept and (b) develop a new scale by focusing only on items that show that family caregivers experience a benefit for themselves and that the benefit they experience is the result of their caregiving activities. Methods: The Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale (BBCS) was validated on data from 961 informal caregivers. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the items, and a factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the BBCS. The discriminatory power and item difficulties were examined. Construct validity was established by testing four hypotheses. Results: The factor analysis confirmed the single-factor structure of the BBCS. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.922. One of the 15 items did not show good to very good discriminatory power and was excluded from the final version of the scale. A higher BBCS score was observed if the caregiver experienced more positive aspects of caregiving and tended to have better general coping skills and a positive relationship with the care-receiver. The BBCS score was not associated with the subjective burden of the caregiver. Results confirmed the validity of the BBCS. Conclusion: The BBCS is a valid assessment instrument for measuring the benefits that caregivers experience from their caregiving work and can easily be used in research and practice. The BBCS is available free of charge in English and German (http://www.caregiver-benefits.de).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-01-27
Keywords: Benefits of Being a Caregiver Scale; Discriminatory power; Factor analysis; Item difficulty; Positive aspects of caregiving; Reliability; Validity

Validation of the German Career Decision-Making Profile–An Updated 12-Factor Version - Ebner, Katharina; Thiele, Lisa; Spurk, Daniel; Kauffeld, Simone (Journal of Career Assessment, 2016)

Validation of the German Normalisation Process Theory Measure G-NoMAD: translation, adaptation, and pilot testing - Freund, Johanna; Piotrowski, Alexandra; Bührmann, Leah; Oehler, Caroline; Titzler, Ingrid; Netter, Anna Lena; Potthoff, Sebastian; Ebert, David Daniel; Finch, Tracy; Köberlein-Neu, Juliane; Etzelmüller, Anne (Implementation Science Communications, 2023)
Background: Implementing evidence-based healthcare practices (EBPs) is a complex endeavour and often lags behind research-informed decision processes. Understanding and systematically improving implementation using implementation theory can help bridge the gap between research findings and practice. This study aims to translate, pilot, and validate a German version of the English NoMAD questionnaire (G-NoMAD), an instrument derived from the Normalisation Process Theory, to explore the implementation of EBPs. Methods: Survey data has been collected in four German research projects and subsequently combined into a validation data set. Two versions of the G-NoMAD existed, independently translated from the original English version by two research groups. A measurement invariance analysis was conducted, comparing latent scale structures between groups of respondents to both versions. After determining the baseline model, the questionnaire was tested for different degrees of invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and uniqueness) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for three models (a four-factor, a unidimensional, and a hierarchical model) was used to examine the theoretical structure of the G-NoMAD. Finally, psychometric results were discussed in a consensus meeting, and the final instructions, items, and scale format were consented to. Results: A total of 539 health care professionals completed the questionnaire. The results of the measurement invariance analysis showed configural, partial metric, and partial scalar invariance indicating that the questionnaire versions are comparable. Internal consistency ranged from acceptable to good (0.79 ≤ α ≤ 0.85) per subscale. Both the four factor and the hierarchical model achieved a better fit than the unidimensional model, with indices from acceptable (SRMR = 0.08) to good (CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96). However, the RMSEA values were only close to acceptable (four-factor model: χ2164 = 1029.84, RMSEA = 0.10; hierarchical model: χ2166 = 1073.43, RMSEA = 0.10). Conclusions: The G-NoMAD provides a reliable and promising tool to measure the degree of normalisation among individuals involved in implementation activities. Since the fit was similar in the four-factor and the hierarchical model, priority should be given to the practical relevance of the hierarchical model, including a total score and four subscale scores. The findings of this study support the further usage of the G-NoMAD in German implementation settings. Trial registration: Both the AdAM project (No. NCT03430336, 06/02/2018) and the EU-project ImpleMentAll (No. NCT03652883, 29/08/2018) were registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The ImplementIT study was registered at the German Clinical Trial Registration (No. DRKS00017078, 18/04/2019). The G-NoMAD validation study was registered at the Open Science Framework (No7u9ab, 17/04/2023).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: Implementation outcomes; Implementation Science; Instrument development; NoMAD; Normalisation process theory; NPT; Psychometrics; Validation

Validierung von Auswahlverfahren für gymnasiale Begabtenklassen - Stumpf, Eva; Trottler, Susanne (Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 2015)

Variability in stress system regulatory control of inflammation: A critical factor mediating health effects of stress - Rohleder, Nicolas (Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2011)

Verbrechensaufklärung - Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (Psychologie in Gesellschaft, Kultur und Umwelt, 2005)
Keywords: Polizei; Kriminalprävention

Verlaufsmessung im sozialtherapeutischen Behandlungsvollzug - Wie sinnvoll sind allgemeine Persönlichkeitsmaße? - Schwedler, Andreas; Schmucker, Martin (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2012)
Neben der Untersuchung der allgemeinen Wirksamkeit der Behandlung von Straftätern rückt vermehrt auch die Frage nach ihren genauen Wirkmechanismen in den Vordergrund. Während zur Erforschung behandlungsinduzierter Veränderungen kriminogener Merkmale im englischsprachigen Raum bereits einige spezifische Therapieverlaufsmaße existieren, werden in Deutschland häufig noch allgemeine Persönlichkeitsmaße wie das Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar eingesetzt. Ob diese zur Verlaufsmessung geeignet sind, wird in der vorliegenden Studie anhand einer Stichprobe von sozialtherapeutisch behandelten Straftätern untersucht. Im Vergleich der Ausprägungen zu Beginn der Behandlung mit denen nach Behandlung ergaben sich deutliche Verbesserungen auf den meisten erfassten Skalen. Die Probanden berichteten sowohl von Verbesserungen der allgemeinen Befindlichkeit als auch der Reduktion kriminogener Merkmale, die Veränderungen dieser Merkmale zeigten jedoch keinen Zusammenhang zur späteren Legalbewährung. Insgesamt lässt sich feststellen, dass allgemeine Persönlichkeitsmaße kaum zur Verlaufsmessung geeignet sind, da deren Veränderungen keinerlei konsistente Zusammenhänge zu Legalbewährung aufweisen. Gründe hierfür könnten die leichte Verfälschbarkeit, die mangelnde Änderungssensitivität und die fehlende Abstimmung auf konkrete Behandlungsinhalte sein. Die Entwicklung oder Adaption reliabler und valider Therapieverlaufsmaße stellt angesichts des Bedarfs in Forschung und Praxis eine wichtige Aufgabe dar.
Keywords: Straftäterbehandlung; Sozialtherapie; Veränderungsmessung; therapienahe Maße; Persönlichkeitsfragebogen