Determinants of the diurnal course of salivary alpha-amylase - Nater, Urs; Rohleder, Nicolas; Schlotz, Wolff; Ehlert, Ulrike; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2007)

Determinants of the NF-κB response to acute psychosocial stress in humans - Wolf, Jutta; Rohleder, Nicolas; Bierhaus, Angelika; Nawroth, Peter; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2009)

Developing a digital assistive tool for dementia patients and their caregivers: A qualitative study on needs, potential functions, practical requirements, user acceptance, and ethical considerations - Wichmann, Lenka; Reiff, Nele; Zintl, Sophie; Berking, Matthias (AAIC 2021: Technology and Dementia Preconference, 2021)

Developing and validating an experience sampling measure of aggression: The Aggression-ES scale. - Borah, Tridip Jyoti; Murray, Aja Louise; Eisner, Manuel; Jugl, Irina (Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2018)
Experience sampling methodologies are likely to play an important role in advancing our understanding of momentary influences on aggression, including short-term antecedent psychological states and situations. In this study, we evaluate whether a newly developed experiencing sampling measure of aggression, the Aggression Experience Sampler ( Aggression-ES), provides a valid and reliable measure of aggression in experience sampling contexts. Participants were a convenience sample of 23 young adults recruited from the local University community. Data were collected using an experience sampling smartphone application over 8 days. They were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling. Our results support the within- and between-person reliability and the criterion validity of the Aggression-ES. The Aggression-ES represents a good choice of measure for use in experience sampling studies of aggression. Further work in other samples will help to provide further validity evidence for the measure.

Developmental pathways of externalizing behavior from preschool age to adolescence: An application of general growth mixture modeling - Stemmler, Mark; Lösel, Friedrich (Dependent Data in Social Sciences Research - Forms, Issues, and Methods of Analysis, 2015)

Developmental reorganisation of visual motion pathways - Kulke, Louisa; Wattam-Bell, John; Chiu, Melissa; et al. (i-Perception, 2012)

Development and application of an offense severity index in the evaluation of treatment of individuals convicted of sexual crimes - Link, Eva; Lösel, Friedrich (Psychology Crime & Law, 2022)
Dichotomous recidivism criteria are the main measure of success in forensic treatment studies. However, there is wide agreement that binary outcome measures are too undifferentiated, particularly when official reoffending rates are rather low. Considering previous research on offense severity and the Cambridge Crime Harm Index, we addressed this issue by developing a severity index based on sentencing provisions in the German law. Based on a large dataset of males convicted of sexual crimes who had been released from Bavarian prisons between 2004 and 2008, we analyzed the subgroup of n = 48 individuals who recidivated with a sexual offense. About half of the sample had received treatment during imprisonment. Whereas prior analyses did not reveal a significant treatment effect on dichotomous sexual reoffending, the present harm analyses showed a stronger decrease of sex offense severity for treated compared to untreated participants. Despite some limitations of our study, the results indicate that prison-based treatment might decrease the severity of sexual reoffending in males convicted of sexual offenses. From a harm reduction perspective, our findings support the use of severity measures complementary to dichotomous outcome criteria. The applicability of our severity index and implications for future research on prison-based treatment are discussed.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-02-18

Development and evaluation of an emotion regulation app - Böhme, Stephanie; Berking, Matthias (Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 2021)
Background Individuals with mental disorders have limited competence in dealing with difficult emotions. Berking (2017) provides a well-structured treatment manual to train emotional competencies across a broad range of mental disorders: Affect Regulation Training (ART). In studies, ART has been demonstrated to improve emotional competence and reduce symptom severity in patients with mental disorders. Due to the well-defined structure of ART, it is suitable for digital application. Objectives Among other goals, an ART app could bridge the gap between waiting lists and the initiation of treatment and also better exploit the potential of therapy-related exercises. Currently, there is a smartphone-based version of ART that can be complementarily used to provide support to ART group training. The long-term goal is to develop a complete standalone version of the ART app. Materials For this purpose, research findings will be implemented to address and minimize the hitherto problems of smartphone-based health promotion. Clinical trials will then be conducted to test the effectiveness of the ART app. Results Preliminary findings indicate that the ART training app is well-accepted by users when embedded in the group training. Results concerning effectiveness of the standalone version of the ART app are still pending. Conclusion The effectiveness of the ART app should be evaluated in individuals with mental disorders who are on treatment waiting lists and in the context of aftercare. In the long-term, the ART app is expected to benefit from the ongoing development of sensory technology and artificial intelligence and will enable the app to measure and provide feedback on biosignals of emotional processes.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-07-09

Development and validation of a natural dynamic facial expression stimulus set - Borges Bastos Pasqualette, Laura Beatriz; Klinger, Sara; Kulke, Louisa (PLoS ONE, 2023)
Emotion research commonly uses either controlled and standardised pictures or natural video stimuli to measure participants’ reactions to emotional content. Natural stimulus materials can be beneficial; however, certain measures such as neuroscientific methods, require temporally and visually controlled stimulus material. The current study aimed to create and validate video stimuli in which a model displays positive, neutral and negative expressions. These stimuli were kept as natural as possible while editing timing and visual features to make them suitable for neuroscientific research (e.g. EEG). The stimuli were successfully controlled regarding their features and the validation studies show that participants reliably classify the displayed expression correctly and perceive it as genuine. In conclusion, we present a motion stimulus set that is perceived as natural and that is suitable for neuroscientific research, as well as a pipeline describing successful editing methods for controlling natural stimuli.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-07-21

Development of a Causally Valid Measure to Assess Sexual Motivation - Hinzmann, Jessica; Schultheiss, Oliver (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-10-29

Development of an Inertial Sensor-Based Exergame for Combined Cognitive and Physical Training - Egle, Fabio; Kluge, Felix; Schöne, Daniel; Becker, Linda; Koelewijn, Anne (2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN), 2022)
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition where older people have experienced cognitive decline, which can then transition into dementia. Hence, it is important to prevent further health decline. Therefore, we have developed an exergame that aims to prevent cognitive and physical decline in older people with MCI. The exergame uses inertial measurement units, worn on the user’s wrists and feet, to record their movements. The user steps in place to move through the game environment and interacts with different obstacles through movement. We performed an experiment to evaluate the technical game performance, exercise intensity, and game usability and enjoyment. We found that our movement detection algorithms were able to detect 90% of all movements after one attempt, on average between 1.7-3.5 seconds. While our young participants’ heart rates did not reach moderate exercise intensity while playing the game, we expect that the activity is suitable for the target population. Furthermore, young participants’ user feedback from questionnaires regarding usability and enjoyment was positive.<br

Development of excellence in East-Asia: Explorations in the Actiotope model of giftedness - Phillipson, Sivanes; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Routledge, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2012.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.develo

Development of excellence in East-Asia: Explorations in the Actiotope model of giftedness - Phillipson, S; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Routledge, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2012.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.talent

Devianz und Delinquenz - Wittenberg, Jochen; Wallner, Susanne (Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren, 2016)

Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren - Reinecke, Jost; Stemmler, Mark; Wittenberg, Jochen (Springer VS, 2016)
Delinquentes Verhalten von Kindern- und Jugendlichen wird im Lichte verschiedener Dimensionen von sozialer Ungleichheit beschrieben. Zum Vergleich wird auch abweichendes Verhalten in die empirische Prüfung der Erklärungsansätze einbezogen. Die Befunde stellen den Beginn einer Analyse dar, die Unterschiede in der Lebenssituation, sowie den Einfluss sozialer Ungleichheit auf die Entstehung und Entwicklung abweichender Lebensläufe in den Blick nimmt. Zu den Ungleichheitsdimensionen zählen hierbei askriptive Aspekte (u.a. Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund, Nachbarschaften), kulturelle Differenzen (z.B. Freizeitverhalten, Peers, Erziehungsstile) und persönliche Heterogenitäten (Werte, Selbstkontrolle, psychopatische Merkmale). Umfangreiche Erhebungen in Schulklassen aus Dortmund und Nürnberg erlauben überdies auch städtevergleichende Auswertunge
Keywords: Devianz; Delinquenz; Akriptive Ungleichheitsdimensionen; Schulprozesse; Persönliche Heterogenitäten; Kulturelle Differenzen

Devianz und Delinquenz in der Kindheit und Jugend – Neue Ansätze der kriminologischen Forschung - Wallner, Susanne; Weiss, Maren; Reinecke, Jost; Stemmler, Mark (Springer VS, 2019)
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Devianz und Delinquenz von Kindern und Jugendlichen weiblichen Geschlechts - Arnis, Maria (Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes-und Jugendalter. Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren, 2016)

DGPs-Kommission "open Science" (beschlossen durch den Vorstand der DGPs am 26. 06. 2020): Management und Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten in der Psychologie: Überarbeitung der DGPs-Empfehlungen - Gollwitzer, Mario; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Fiebach, Christian J.; Ramthun, Roland; Scheel, Anne; Schönbrodt, Felix; Steinberg, Ulf (Psychologische Rundschau, 2021)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-07-23

Diagnosing resources for effective learning via teacher and parent checklists - Harder, Bettina; Trottler, Susanne; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2015)

Diagnosing specific English skills in second language learners - Harder, Bettina (Conference of the IRATDE on Cultivation and Education of Creativity, 2009)

Diagnosing specific English skills in second language learners - Harder, Bettina (Cultivation and Education of Creativity, 2009)

Diagnosis of self-regulated learning profiles - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun; Vialle, W; Wimmer, Bastian (Australasian journal of gifted education, 2012)

Diagnostik bei Generalisierten Angststörung - Hoyer, Juergen; Pittig, Andre (Diagnostik in der Psychotherapie - Ein Praxisleitfaden, 2017)

Diagnostik - Hesse, Ingrid; Latzko, Brigitte (Handbuch Erziehung, 2012)

Diagnostik für Lehrkräfte - Hesse, Ingrid; Latzko, Brigitte (Budrich, 2011)

Diagnostik selbstregulierten Lernens mit dem Fragebogen SelstReguliertes Lernen-7 - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun; Grassinger, Robert (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.diagno

Diagnostik selbstregulierten Lernens mit dem FSL-7 - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun; Grassinger, Robert (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2010)

Diagnostik und prognostische Beurteilung in der Sozialtherapie - Endres, Johann; Florian, Schwanengel; Behnke, Michael (Behandlung von Straftätern. Sozialtherapie, Maßregelvollzug, Sicherungsverwahrung, 2012)
Grundlagen der Diagnostik und der prognostischen Beurteilung in der Sozialtherapie im Strafvollzug werden erörtert. Einleitend werden Konzepte und Grundprinzipien der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Straftätern beschrieben. In diesem Zusammenhang werden das "RNR-Modell" (risk, need und responsibility), die Delinquenzhypothese, das Konzept des deliktparallelen Verhaltens und das "Good-Lives-Modell" dargestellt. Anschließend werden diagnostische und prognostische Aufgaben in der Sozialtherapie beschrieben. Die Diagnostik wird als multimodales, multimethodisches Vorgehen beschrieben, in dessen Verlauf neben Exploration und Anamnese Leistungstests, Persönlichkeitstests, Aktenanalyse, Verhaltensbeobachtung und spezielle Prognoseverfahren Anwendung finden. Abschließend werden einzelne Aspekte und Probleme der Behandlungsdiagnostik spezifiziert und Grenzen der Behandelbarkeit aufgezeigt.
Keywords: Straftäterrehabilitation; Diagnostik; Prognose; Therapie; Straftäter; Kriminelles Verhalten; Multimodaler Behandlungsansatz; Leistungstests; Persönlichkeitstests; Beobachtungsmethoden; Therapieergebnisse

Diagnostik und Verlauf von kognitiven Fähigkeiten bei älteren Menschen - Stemmler, Mark; Petermann, Franz; Daseking, Monika; Siebert, Jelena; Schott, Hannah; Lehfeld, Hartmut; Horn, Ralf (Gesundheitswesen, 2013)
Hintergrund: Zu den Standardaufgaben von Ärzten und Ärztinnen in Gesundheitsämtern gehört seit jeher die Entwicklungsdiagnostik von Kindern. Angesichts der zunehmenden Anzahl von dementiellen Erkrankungen in Deutschland rückt eine Entwicklungsdiagnostik im Alter stärker in den Mittelpunkt. Eine solche Diagnostik gibt Auskunft darüber, ob die untersuchte Person sich unauffällig und altersentsprechend entwickelt oder ob die in der Untersuchung erzielten kognitiven Leistungen Hinweise auf einen pathologischen (dementiellen) Prozess geben. Studienziel: Es werden 2 Tests zur Erfassung von kognitiven Leistungen im Alter vorgestellt: die Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) und der Syndrom-Kurztest (SKT), ein Test zur Erfassung von Gedächtnis- und Aufmerksamkeitsstörungen. Ferner werden Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede zwischen beiden Verfahren beschrieben. Methode: Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Studie im deutschsprachigen Raum wurden Daten von 504 kognitiv unauffälligen Probanden im Alter von 60 bis 90 mit der WAIS-IV und dem SKT erhoben und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse und Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass mit zunehmenden Alter sowohl kognitive Leistungen der fluiden als auch der kristallinen Intelligenz signifikant abnehmen. In nur 2 Untertests des WAIS-IV gab es keine signifikanten Mittelwertunterschiede in Abhängigkeit des Alters (Allgemeines Wissen und Mosaik Test). Die SKT-Scores zum Gedächtnis und Aufmerksamkeit korrelierten signifikant mit fast allen Untertestes des WAIS. Am stärksten korrelierten die SKT-Aufmerksamkeitscores mit den Untertests zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit (VG), Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken (WLD) und Arbeitsgedächtnis (AG). Verantwortlich für den kognitiven Abbau sind in erster Linie Verminderungen in der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit sowie beim Arbeitsgedächtnis.

Diary studies in organizational research: An introduction and some practical recommendations - Niessen, Cornelia; Zapf, Dieter; Ohly, Sandra; Sonnentag, Sabine (Journal of Personnel Psychology, 2010)
In recent years, researchers in work and organizational psychology have increasingly become interested in short-term processes and everyday experiences of working individuals. Diaries provide the necessary means to examine these processes. Although diary studies have become more popular in recent years, researchers not familiar with this method still find it difficult to get access to the required knowledge. In this paper, we provide an introduction to this method of data collection. Using two diary study examples, we discuss methodological issues researchers face when planning a diary study, examine recent methodological developments, and give practical recommendations. Topics covered include different types of diary studies, the research questions to be examined, compliance and the issue of missing data, sample size, and issues of analyses.
Keywords: Diary study; Event-sampling; Experience-sampling; Mood; Performance

Die Aussagekraft des Eltern-Belastungs-Screenings zur Kindeswohlgefährdung" (EBSK) in der Praxis - Eichler, Anna; Glaubitz, Katharina; Hartmann, Luisa Carla; Spangler, Gottfried (Kindesmisshandlung und -vernachlässigung, 2011)

Die Bedeutung mütterlicher präpartaler Depression und Mutter-Kind-Bindung für die Entwicklung der kindlichen Emotionsregulation: Erste Befunde einer Längsschnittstudie - Ziegler, Clara; Zalan, Vera; Eichler, Anna; Heinrich, Hartmut; Moll, Gunther; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kornhuber, Johannes; Lenz, Bernd; Spangler, Gottfried (50. Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, 2016)

Die Bekämpfung der Corona-Pandemie tragfähig gestalten. Empfehlungen für eine flexible, riskoadaptierte Strategie. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Dreier, Horst; Fuest, Clemens; Grimm, Veronika; Kräusslich, Hans-Georg; Krause, Gérard; Leonhard, Matthias; Lohse, Ansgar W.; Lohse, Martin J.; Mansky, Thomas; Peichl, Andreas; Schmid, Roland M.; et al. (2020)

Die Bindungstheorie - Ahnert, Lilo; Spangler, Gottfried (Theorien der Entwicklungspsychologie, 2014)

Die dunkle Triade - Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Forschung & Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt, 2017)

Die Entstehung und Entwicklung devianten und delinquenten Verhaltens im Lebensverlauf und ihre Bedeutung für soziale Ungleichheitsprozesse: Fragebogendokumentation der Schülerbefragung in Dortmund und Nürnberg. Band 2: Skalendokumentation. Erste Erhebungswelle, 2012 - Arnis, Maria (2015)

Die Entstehung und Entwicklung devianten und delinquenten Verhaltens im Lebensverlauf und ihre Bedeutung für soziale Ungleichheitsprozesse: Methodendokumentation der Schülerbefragungen in Dortmund und Nürnberg. Dritte Erhebung 2014. - Meinert, Julia; Uysal, Burcu (2015)

Die Entstehung und Entwicklung devianten und delinquenten Verhaltens im Lebensverlauf und ihre Bedeutung für soziale Ungleichheitsprozesse: Methodendokumentation der Schülerbefragungen in Dortmund und Nürnberg. Erste Erhebung 2012 - Sünkel, Zara; Meinert, Julia (DFG Research Center (SFB) 882 From Heterogeneities to Inequalities, 2013)

Die Entstehung und Entwicklung devianten und delinquenten Verhaltens im Lebensverlauf und ihre Bedeutung für soziale Ungleichheitsprozesse: Methodendokumentation der Schülerbefragungen in Dortmund und Nürnberg. Zweite Erhebung 2013. - Schepers, Deborah; Uysal, Burcu (2014)

Die Entwicklung der Nürnberger Bildungs- und Lernkapital-Checkliste (NBLC) - Harder, Bettina; Trottler, Susanne; Ziegler, Albert (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2013)

Die Entwicklung von sozialer Informationsverarbeitung und die Vorhersage physischer Aggression im Vorschulalter - Beelmann, Andreas; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark; Jaursch, Stefanie (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 2010)

Die Erfassung der Deliktschwere in Evaluationsstudien zur Straftäterbehandlung: Entwicklung und Anwendung eines strafrahmenorientierten Ansatzes - Lauchs, Lora; Link, Eva; Lösel, Friedrich (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2020)
Recidivism is the most widely used outcome criterion for measuring treatment success in evaluation studies on offender treatment. Even though a reduction of offense severity would indicate a positive treatment effect, measures of severity are rarely used in research. In this paper, we present an instrument for measuring offense severity based on the statutory sentence lengths in German law. Our severity index was applied to a sample of N = 682 sex offenders and severity codings were carried out on criminal records in the German Federal Central Crime Register. Recidivism severity was defined as the highest severity score for an offense after release from prison. A correlation of r =.59 between the dichotomous recidivism criterion »severe recidivism« (any reconviction with a sentence length of two years or more, custody in a forensic hospital, or preventive detention) and recidivism severity scores support convergent validity. Bivariate analyses revealed significant correlations between offense severity scores and different variables that are associated with violent conduct. This supports the assumption that severity scores based on sentence length adequately reflect the relative severity of different offenses. Furthermore, we found significant correlations with the offenders' age at the time of their release from prison and prior incarceration. This is in accordance with previous findings on correlates of offense severity. Our findings indicate that analyses of recidivism severity, for example the comparison of treated and untreated offenders, should be restricted to recidivists and complement analyses on binary outcome criteria. The application of our severity index was practicable and our results showed its utility in evaluation studies on offender treatment.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-11
Keywords: Evaluation; harm; offender treatment; offense severity; recidivism criteria; sentence length

Die Erfassung elterlicher Belastung mit dem Eltern-Belastungs-Screening zur Kindeswohlgefährdung (EBSK): Zusammenhänge zu Erlebens- und Verhaltensauffälligkeiten beim Kind - Eichler, Anna; Glaubitz, Katharina; Hartmann, Luisa Carla; Spangler, Gottfried (Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2014)

Die Evaluation des Bundesprogramms „Elternchance ist Kinderchance“ - Walper, Sabine; Stemmler, Mark (Frühe Bildung in der Familie – Perspektiven der Familienbildung, 2013)

Die Förderung von motivationsunterstützendem Unterricht - Ansatzpunkte und Barrieren - Kramer, Klaudia; et al. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2003)

Die frühe Identifikation dissozialer Störungen anhand eines Risikoscreenings: Die deutsche Fassung des Cracow Risk Assessment Instruments von Corrado et al. - Wallner, Susanne; Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark Kurt (Symposium "Psychotherapie in der Adoleszenz", 2007)

Die Implizit-Explizit-Profilkongruenz von Motiven: Ein studienübergreifender Test des Unabhängigkeitspostulats anhand von Bild- und Subkategorienprofilen innerhalb von Individuen [Implicit-explicit profile congruence of motives: A multi-study test of the independence postulate using within-individual picture and subcategory profiles] - Köllner, Martin; Rösch, Andreas G.; Schultheiss, Oliver (36th Colloquium on Motivational Psychology, 2016)

Die Konzeption der Landesweiten Beratungs- und Forschungsstelle für Hochbegabung (LBFH) - Trottler, Susanne; Harder, Bettina; Ziegler, Albert (4. Münsterschen Bildungskongress, 2012)

Die Prognose von Dissozialität mit dem Cracow Risk Assessment Instrument - Wallner, Susanne (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2007)

Die therapeutische Wirksamkeit von Brainspotting im Vergleich zu EMDR bei der Behandlung von PTBS. - Hildebrand, Anja; Stemmler, Mark (Trauma - Zeitschrift für Psychotraumatologie und ihre Anwendungen, 2017)

Die Verwendung von Begabung, Talent und Hochbegabung in der deutschen Sprache - Ergebnisse einer korpuslinguistischen Untersuchung - Balestrini, Daniel Patrick; Harder, Bettina; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Labyrinth, 2013)

Die Wahrnehmung von deutschem und englischem Geschäftsjargon bei Führungskräften - Rickers, Saskia; Risberg, Inga; Hommelhoff, Sabine (50. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, 2016)

Die Wirksamkeit von Behandlung bei Sexualstraftätern: Nationale und internationale Befunde - Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (Entwicklungspsychologische Aspekte der Rechtspsychologie, 2005)

Differences in acute stress responses depending on first or second language in a Hispanic-American sample - Hauck, Felicitas; Gibu, Lucia Romero; Jansen, Silke; Rohleder, Nicolas (Stress. The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 2022)
Using a second language is a daily experience for many people today, among them many migrants. To determine whether speaking a second language induces a stronger cortisol or alpha-amylase (sAA) response than first language, we tested a Hispanic-American sample in two Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) conditions: First (Spanish) and second (German) language. Thirty-two participants (64.5% female) between the age of 19 and 53 years (mean = 30.68) from Latin America were tested (15 in Spanish, 17 in German). Participants were randomized to a German or Spanish version of the TSST, gave six saliva samples and completed questionnaires on perceived threat and stress, positive and negative affect as well as state-anxiety. A significantly higher stress response was found in the German condition for salivary cortisol, but not for sAA. Self-report showed significantly higher perceived threat and negative affect after the TSST for the German compared to the first language condition. Speaking a second compared to first language in a challenging situation appeared to be more stressful and threatening for participants. Further, reported increases in state-anxiety appeared to be higher in the German condition, even though group differences did not reach significance. A more detailed investigation of underlying, stress inducing mechanisms should be considered in future studies as well as associations with language proficiency and improvements over time.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-02

Differences in stress system (re-)activity between single and dual- or multitasking in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Becker, Linda; Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Nowak, Dennis; Rohleder, Nicolas; Weigl, Matthias (Health Psychology Review, 2022)
In the age of digitilization, multitasking requirements are ubiquitous, especially in the workplace. Multitasking (MT) describes the activity of performing multiple (at least two) tasks at the same time. Dual tasking (DT) refers to the sequential switching between two tasks. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was first to investigate whether physiological stress systems become activated in response to or during MT/DT and, second, whether this (re-)activity is higher compared to single tasking. We focused on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, and the immune system. The systematic review has been pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181415). A total of twenty-five articles were identified as eligible, in which n = 26 studies were reported, with N = 1142 participants. Our main findings are that SNS activity is significantly higher and PNS activity is significantly lower during MT/DT than during single tasking. Only two studies were found, in which HPA axis (re-)activity was surveyed. No eligible study was identified in which immune system (re-)activity was investigated. This is the first systematic synthesis of the literature base showing that stress system activity is increased during MT/DT in comparison to single-tasking.
Keywords: Multitasking; dual-tasking; stress; sympathetic nervous system; HPA axis; digitalization

DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES WITH STRESS RESPONSE PATTERNS OF PLASMA IL-6 AND IL-6 GENE EXPRESSION - Janson, Johanna; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-05-28

Differential effects of learned associations with words and pseudowords on event-related brain potentials - Kulke, Louisa; Bayer, Mareike; Grimm, Anna; Schacht, Annekathrin (Neuropsychologia, 2019)
Associated stimulus valence affects neural responses at an early processing stage. However, in the field of written language processing, it is unclear whether semantics of a word or low-level visual features affect early neural processing advantages. The current study aimed to investigate the role of semantic content on reward and loss associations. Participants completed a learning session to associate either words (Experiment 1, N = 24) or pseudowords (Experiment 2, N = 24) with different monetary outcomes (gain-associated, neutral or loss-associated). Gain-associated stimuli were learned fastest. Behavioural and neural response changes based on the associated outcome were further investigated in separate test sessions. Responses were faster towards gain- and loss-associated than neutral stimuli if they were words, but not pseudowords. Early P1 effects of associated outcome occurred for both pseudowords and words. Specifically, loss-association resulted in increased P1 amplitudes to pseudowords, compared to decreased amplitudes to words. Although visual features are likely to explain P1 effects for pseudowords, the inversed effect for words suggests that semantic content affects associative learning, potentially leading to stronger associations.
Keywords: Event-related brain potentials; P1; Pseudowords; Words; Associative learning

Differential object indexing in Bulgarian - The role of discourse prominence and predictability - Compensis, Paul (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2022)
In this study, I argue that object reduplication in Bulgarian is a special encoding strategy that is concerned with discourse management and primarily used to mark (perceived) deviances from expectations with respect to the status of referents in discourse. In particular, I adopt a new perspective by capturing the phenomenon under discussion as a form of differential object marking with a person index, i.e., differential object indexing (DOI). Based on theoretical considerations, corpus evidence and a comprehensive empirical investigation, I reject the interpretation of Bulgarian DOI as a topic marker and suggest a functional explanation in terms of discourse prominence. In addition, I emphasize the role of predictability as a relevant dimension underlying this type of differential marking. I present evidence from acceptability judgment studies and web-based experiments suggesting that DOI in Bulgarian is typically used to (re-)activate or clarify the discourse prominence status of a less prominent referent. In terms of processing, I present the results from an ERP experiment and a visual cueing web-experiment showing that the presence of an object index during online processing modulates (discourse-based) expectations, initiates discourse updating and interacts with (visually induced) salience of a referent. Throughout this study, I elaborate on the association of discourse prominence and language-related predictability with more general cognitive mechanisms, such as attention and prediction
Keywords: Differential object indexing; Object agreement; Bulgarian; Psycholinguistics; Neurolinguistics; Discourse prominence; Prominence in language; Prediction in language; Predictability; Differential object marking

Different methodological approaches for the construction of a therapy sensitive ADL scale for the assessment of Alzheimer patients - Stemmler, Mark; Steinwachs, Klaus; Lehfeld, Hartmut; Jentzsch, Juliane; Tritt, Karin; Hulla, Franz; Erzigkeit, Helmut (New Trends in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease, 1994)
The purpose of this paper was the presentation of the work of the international ADL project which aims to construct a therapy sensitive ADL scale for cognitively impaired elderly or demented patients. No final scale was presented, rather different ways for generating ADL items were introduced. Different methodological approaches were applied because no existing ADL or I ADL scale meets the various goals of the international ADL project. By surveying existing scales or assessment tools for measuring daily life behaviour it was recognized that no traditional method of scale construction seems appropriate. Instead, different methodological approaches were adapted in order to meet the high demands for a newly to be constructed internationally valid and therapy sensitive ADL scale for mild to moderate dementia. The scale construction is still in progress. A first scale is expected to be tested by the end of 1994. An international validation in European and American research centers (including one center in Russia) is planne

Digital Interventions for Mental Disorders: Key Features, Efficacy, and Potential for Artificial Intelligence Applications - Ebert, David Daniel; Harrer, Mathias; Apolinário-Hagen, Jennifer; Baumeister, Harald (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2019)
Mental disorders are highly prevalent and often remain untreated. Many limitations of conventional face-to-face psychological interventions could potentially be overcome through Internet-based and mobile-based interventions (IMIs). This chapter introduces core features of IMIs, describes areas of application, presents evidence on the efficacy of IMIs as well as potential effect mechanisms, and delineates how Artificial Intelligence combined with IMIs may improve current practices in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in adults. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials clearly show that therapist-guided IMIs can be highly effective for a broad range of mental health problems. Whether the effects of unguided IMIs are also clinically relevant, particularly under routine care conditions, is less clear. First studies on IMIs for the prevention of mental disorders have shown promising results. Despite limitations and challenges, IMIs are increasingly implemented into routine care worldwide. IMIs are also well suited for applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, which provides ample opportunities to improve the identification and treatment of mental disorders. Together with methodological innovations, these approaches may also deepen our understanding of how psychological interventions work, and why. Ethical and professional restraints as well as potential contraindications of IMIs, however, should also be considered. In sum, IMIs have a high potential for improving the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders across various indications, settings, and populations. Therefore, implementing IMIs into routine care as both adjunct and alternative to face-to-face treatment is highly desirable. Technological advancements may further enhance the variability and flexibility of IMIs, and thus even further increase their impact in people's lives in the future.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-11-19
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; eHealth; Internet interventions; Machine learning; Mental disorders; Prevention; Psychotherapy

Digital prevention of depression for farmers? A qualitative study on participants' experiences regarding determinants of acceptance and satisfaction with a tailored guided internet intervention program - Freund, Johanna; Buntrock, Claudia; Braun, Lina; Thielecke, Janika; Baumeister, Harald; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David; Titzler, Ingrid (Internet Interventions, 2022)
Introduction: Farmers, forest workers and gardeners have a higher risk of developing depression compared to other occupational populations. As part of the German pilot project "With us in balance", the potential of six guided internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) to prevent depression among their insurants is examined. The IMI program is tailored to various risk factors of depression, individual symptoms, and needs. Although IMIs have been shown to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms, there is little qualitative research about the acceptance of digital preventive IMIs. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain insights into participants' experiences with the guided IMIs by focusing on determinants for acceptance and satisfaction.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-02

Digital readiness and its effects on higher education students’ socio-emotional perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic - Händel, Marion; Stephan, Melanie; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kopp, Bärbel; Bedenlier, Svenja; Ziegler, Albert (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2020)
The current study investigated how ready higher education students were for emergency remote teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic and how this influenced their socio-emotional perceptions. Results of N = 1,826 higher education students indicate that they seem to be ready for digital learning. A k-means cluster analysis revealed two groups of students that significantly differed with respect to their readiness for digital learning (in terms of technology equipment availability, prior experiences with e-learning, and skills for digital learning). Finally, students’ socio-emotional perceptions, that is, stress-related emotions (worries, tension, joy, and overload) as well as social and emotional loneliness significantly differed due to cluster membership. Hence, the study points a need for support of higher education students in successfully coping with the challenges of emergency remote studying.

Digital readiness and its effects on higher education students’ socio-emotional perceptions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic - Händel, Marion; Stephan, Melanie; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kopp, Bärbel; Bedenlier, Svenja; Ziegler, Albert (Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2022)

Dimensionality of the system usability scale among professionals using internet-based interventions for depression: a confirmatory factor analysis - Mol, Mayke; van Schaik, Anneke; Dozeman, Els; Ruwaard, Jeroen; Vis, Christiaan; Ebert, David; Etzelmueller, Anne; Mathiasen, Kim; Moles, Bárbara; Mora, Teresa; Pedersen, Claus D.; Skjøth, Mette Maria; et al. (BMC Psychiatry, 2020)
BACKGROUND: The System Usability Scale (SUS) is used to measure usability of internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT). However, whether the SUS is a valid instrument to measure usability in this context is unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the factor structure of the SUS, measuring usability of iCBT for depression in a sample of professionals. In addition, the psychometric properties (reliability, convergent validity) of the SUS were tested. METHODS: A sample of 242 professionals using iCBT for depression from 6 European countries completed the SUS. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to test whether a one-factor, two-factor, tone-model or bi-direct model would fit the data best. Reliability was assessed using complementary statistical indices (e.g. omega). To assess convergent validity, the SUS total score was correlated with an adapted Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-3). RESULTS: CFA supported the one-factor, two-factor and tone-model, but the bi-factor model fitted the data best (Comparative Fit Index = 0.992, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.985, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.055, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.042 (respectively χ2diff (9) = 69.82, p < 0.001; χ2diff (8) = 33.04, p < 0.001). Reliability of the SUS was good (ω = 0.91). The total SUS score correlated moderately with the CSQ-3 (CSQ1 rs = .49, p < 0.001; CSQ2 rs = .46, p < 0.001; CSQ3 rs = .38, p < 0.001), indicating convergent validity. CONCLUSIONS: Although the SUS seems to have a multidimensional structure, the best model showed that the total sumscore of the SUS appears to be a valid and interpretable measure to assess the usability of internet-based interventions when used by professionals in mental healthcare.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-05-22
Keywords: Confirmatory factor analysis; Depression; Internet interventions; Psychometric evaluation; System usability scale

Discourse prominence and differential argument marking - Compensis, Paul; García García, Marco; Hellwig, Birgit; Riesberg, Sonja; Schneider-Blum, Gertrud (2024)
Special morphosyntactic encoding in language is typically motivated by the need to mark a deviation from a preferred and more frequently encountered pattern. Previous accounts often focused primarily on deviations concerning semantic features (e.g., animacy, definiteness, transitivity) or information structure (e.g., topicality), but many observations from the literature suggest that special encoding might also depend on discourse factors. In this contribution, we explore recent empirical work on one type of special encoding-differential argument marking-in a number of typologically diverse languages (Bulgarian, Romanian, Spanish, Tima, Yali) and illustrate the discourse-sensitivity of these strategies. In particular, we present evidence that discourse prominence, i.e., the dynamic ranking and keeping track of referents in discourse, interacts strongly with the phenomena under discussion. This contribution offers some new perspectives on differential argument marking and suggests that discourse prominence plays a critical role for special encoding in morphosyntax.
https://cris.fau.de/converis/publicweb/Publication/319343073
Keywords: Special encoding; differential argument marking; differential object marking; differential object indexing; discourse prominence

Disengagement in work-role transitions - Niessen, Cornelia; Binnewies, Carmen; Rank, J. (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2010)
The present study examines whether disengagement from previous work-roles positively predicts adaptation to a new work-role (here, becoming self-employed) by reducing negative consequences of psychological attachment to these previous roles. Disengagement involves an individual's effort to release attention from thoughts and behaviours related to the previous work-role. A three-wave longitudinal study investigated the relationship between psychological attachment (measured as affective commitment) to a prior work-role, disengagement from the prior work-role, and adaptation to a new work-role [pursuit of learning, fit perceptions with self-employment, task performance over time]. Participants included 131 persons who recently founded a small business. Results indicated that psychological attachment to the past work-role was negatively related to pursuit of learning and fit with the new work-role. Disengagement from the past work-role was positively related to pursuit of learning in the new work-role, and buffered the negative relationship between psychological attachment and fit as well as task performance. © 2010 The British Psychological Society.

Diskrepanzen zwischen Selbst- und Lehrkräfteurteil bei der Einschätzung antisozialen Verhaltens im Kindesalter - Eine Untersuchung individueller und kontextbezogener Einflussgrößen - Link, Eva; Weiss, Maren; Arnis, Maria; Stemmler, Mark (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 2018)
Keywords: Lesemotivation; intrinsische Motivation; extrinsische Motivation; Lesefähigkeit; Textverstehen

Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual participant data - Furukawa, Toshi A.; Suganuma, Aya; Ostinelli, Edoardo G.; Andersson, Gerhard; Beevers, Christopher G.; Shumake, Jason; Berger, Thomas; Boele, Florien Willemijn; Buntrock, Claudia; Carlbring, Per; Choi, Isabella; Christensen, Helen; et al. (The Lancet Psychiatry, 2021)
BACKGROUND: Internet cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) is a viable delivery format of CBT for depression. However, iCBT programmes include training in a wide array of cognitive and behavioural skills via different delivery methods, and it remains unclear which of these components are more efficacious and for whom. METHODS: We did a systematic review and individual participant data component network meta-analysis (cNMA) of iCBT trials for depression. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from database inception to Jan 1, 2019, that compared any form of iCBT against another or a control condition in the acute treatment of adults (aged ≥18 years) with depression. Studies with inpatients or patients with bipolar depression were excluded. We sought individual participant data from the original authors. When these data were unavailable, we used aggregate data. Two independent researchers identified the included components. The primary outcome was depression severity, expressed as incremental mean difference (iMD) in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores when a component is added to a treatment. We developed a web app that estimates relative efficacies between any two combinations of components, given baseline patient characteristics. This study is registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018104683. FINDINGS: We identified 76 RCTs, including 48 trials contributing individual participant data (11 704 participants) and 28 trials with aggregate data (6474 participants). The participants' weighted mean age was 42·0 years and 12 406 (71%) of 17 521 reported were women. There was suggestive evidence that behavioural activation might be beneficial (iMD -1·83 [95% credible interval (CrI) -2·90 to -0·80]) and that relaxation might be harmful (1·20 [95% CrI 0·17 to 2·27]). Baseline severity emerged as the strongest prognostic factor for endpoint depression. Combining human and automated encouragement reduced dropouts from treatment (incremental odds ratio, 0·32 [95% CrI 0·13 to 0·93]). The risk of bias was low for the randomisation process, missing outcome data, or selection of reported results in most of the included studies, uncertain for deviation from intended interventions, and high for measurement of outcomes. There was moderate to high heterogeneity among the studies and their components. INTERPRETATION: The individual patient data cNMA revealed potentially helpful, less helpful, or harmful components and delivery formats for iCBT packages. iCBT packages aiming to be effective and efficient might choose to include beneficial components and exclude ones that are potentially detrimental. Our web app can facilitate shared decision making by therapist and patient in choosing their preferred iCBT package. FUNDING: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-11

Disorganized attachment in infancy: a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers. - Granqvist, Pehr; Sroufe, L. Alan; Dozier, Mary; Hesse, Erik; Steele, Miriam; Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus; Solomon, Judith; Schuengel, Carlo; Fearon, Pasco; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian; Steele, Howard; Cassidy, Jude; et al. (Attachment and Human Development, 2017)
Disorganized/Disoriented (D) attachment has seen widespread interest from policy makers, practitioners, and clinicians in recent years. However, some of this interest seems to have been based on some false assumptions that (1) attachment measures can be used as definitive assessments of the individual in forensic/child protection settings and that disorganized attachment (2) reliably indicates child maltreatment, (3) is a strong predictor of pathology, and (4) represents a fixed or static "trait" of the child, impervious to development or help. This paper summarizes the evidence showing that these four assumptions are false and misleading. The paper reviews what is known about disorganized infant attachment and clarifies the implications of the classification for clinical and welfare practice with children. In particular, the difference between disorganized attachment and attachment disorder is examined, and a strong case is made for the value of attachment theory for supportive work with families and for the development and evaluation of evidence-based caregiving interventions.

Distinct computational principles govern multisensory integration in primary sensory and association cortices - Rohe, Tim; Noppeney, Uta (Current Biology, 2016)
Human observers typically integrate sensory signals in a statistically optimal fashion into a coherent percept by weighting them in proportion to their reliabilities [1, 2, 3, 4]. An emerging debate in neuroscience is to which extent multisensory integration emerges already in primary sensory areas or is deferred to higher-order association areas [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. This fMRI study used multivariate pattern decoding to characterize the computational principles that define how auditory and visual signals are integrated into spatial representations across the cortical hierarchy. Our results reveal small multisensory influences that were limited to a spatial window of integration in primary sensory areas. By contrast, parietal cortices integrated signals weighted by their sensory reliabilities and task relevance in line with behavioral performance and principles of statistical optimality. Intriguingly, audiovisual integration in parietal cortices was attenuated for large spatial disparities when signals were unlikely to originate from a common source. Our results demonstrate that multisensory interactions in primary and association cortices are governed by distinct computational principles. In primary visual cortices, spatial disparity controlled the influence of non-visual signals on the formation of spatial representations, whereas in parietal cortices, it determined the influence of task-irrelevant signals. Critically, only parietal cortices integrated signals weighted by their bottom-up reliabilities and top-down task relevance into multisensory spatial priority maps to guide spatial orientin

Distraction coping predicts better cortisol recovery after acute psychosocial stress - Janson, Johanna; Rohleder, Nicolas (Biological Psychology, 2017)
The aim of this study was to explore whether different manifestations of state coping predict cortisol response and recovery in an acute stress situation. Fifty-nine healthy adults (59.3% female) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and salivary cortisol was measured repeatedly before and after stress. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test for relationships between factor-analytically derived measures of state coping and cortisol response and recovery. Independent of sex, age, BMI, chronic stress and depression, denial coping was related with higher peak levels of cortisol (β = 0.0798, SE = 0.0381, p = 0.041) while distraction coping predicted steeper recovery after TSST (linear effect: β = −0.0430, SE = 0.0184, p = 0.023) and less pronounced curvature (quadratic effect: β = 0.0043, SE = 0.0017, p = 0.016). Our results demonstrate the stress-buffering effect of distraction coping on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in situations without sufficient control.

Do Changes in Dysfunctional Posttraumatic Cognitions Differentially Predict PTSD Symptom Clusters? - Schumm, Hannah; Krueger-Gottschalk, Antje; Ehring, Thomas; Dyer, Anne; Pittig, Andre; Takano, Keisuke; Alpers, Georg W. W.; Cludius, Barbara (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2023)
Objective: In recent years, it has been suggested that the modification of dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions plays a central role as a mechanism of change in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Indeed, several studies have shown that changes in dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions precede and predict symptom change. However, these studies have investigated the influence on overall symptom severity-despite the well-known multidimensionality of PTSD. The present study therefore aimed to explore differential associations between change in dysfunctional conditions and change in PTSD symptom clusters. Method: As part of a naturalistic effectiveness study evaluating trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD in routine clinical care, 61 patients with PTSD filled out measures of dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions and PTSD symptom severity every five sessions during the course of treatment. Lagged associations between dysfunctional cognitions and symptom severity at the following timepoint were examined using linear mixed models. Results: Over the course of therapy, both dysfunctional cognitions and PTSD symptoms decreased. Posttraumatic cognitions predicted subsequent total PTSD symptom severity, although this effect was at least partly explained by the time factor. Moreover, dysfunctional cognitions predicted three out of four symptom clusters as expected. However, these effects were no longer statistically significant when the general effect for time was controlled for. Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary evidence that dysfunctional posttraumatic cognitions predict PTSD symptom clusters differentially. However, different findings when employing a traditional versus a more rigorous statistical approach make interpretation of findings difficult.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-05-26

Does anxiety impact the neural processing of child faces in mothers of school-aged children? An ERP study using an emotional Go/NoGo task - Kungl, Melanie; Rutherford, Helena J.V.; Heinisch, Christine; Beckmann, Matthias; Fasching, Peter; Spangler, Gottfried (Social Neuroscience, 2020)
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the early postpartum period is associated with heightened neural processing of neutral infant faces as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs). However, less is known about how anxiety shapes neural face processing in mothers of older children. In our study, 36 mothers of 8–10 year old children completed a Go/NoGo task consisting of neutral and emotional (happy, fearful) facial expressions posed by unfamiliar school-aged children while EEG was recorded. Higher levels of maternal anxiety -indexed via self-report- were associated with delayed behavioral responses to children’s fearful faces and increased N170 and LPP amplitudes elicited by children’s neutral faces. While anxiety was also positively related to the LPP elicited by children’s emotional faces, it only led to increased N170 amplitude responses to children’s fearful, but not happy, faces and only when they were NoGo cues. The study replicates and extends prior findings examining the impact of maternal anxiety on neural responses to neutral infant faces to later stages of parenting with further neural markers and emotional expressions being affected. Findings evidence the importance of studying these associations beyond infancy to increase our knowledge about processes potentially underlying the relation between anxiety and less optimal parenting across development.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-24
Keywords: EEG/ERP; emotional faces; Go/NoGo task; LPP; Maternal anxiety; N170

Does Career Success Make You Happy? The Mediating Role of Multiple Subjective Success Evaluations. - Abele, Andrea E.; Hagmaier-Göttle, Tamara; Spurk, Daniel (Journal of Happiness Studies, 2015)
We hypothesize that career success assessed as objective career achievements (income and responsibility status) has an indirect positive association with life satisfaction that is channeled through multiple subjective success evaluations. These are based on (a) social comparisons (comparison with others, other-referent success evaluation) and (b) individual standards (satisfaction with career achievements, self-referent success evaluations). We tested our reasoning in a 2-year prospective study with N = 990 professionals. Controlling for gender, family status, and workload, the results of two mediation models that draw on all information from two measurement points supported our reasoning. We found indirect positive associations between career success and life satisfaction (H1) channeled through both other-referent (H2) and self-referent (H3) subjective success evaluation. In both mediation models, we found partial mediation, and the remaining direct path from career success to life satisfaction was negative. We conclude that career success has mixed effects on a person’s life satisfaction: The net effect of positive indirect and negative direct effects is positive, but not large. We discuss the significance of these findings for theorizing about the influence of the work domain on life satisfaction as well as for conceptual issues in the analysis of mediators and moderators of the career success life satisfaction association. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)

Does fluid intelligence facilitate the learning of English as a foreign language?-A longitudinal latent growth curve analysis - Debatin, Tobias; Harder, Bettina; Ziegler, Albert (Learning and individual differences, 2019)
The relationship between intelligence and learning is still a controversial topic. The study at hand examined, via growth curve analysis, if fluid intelligence predicts long-term learning rates of foreign language acquisition in English. From the beginning of grade 5 to the middle of grade 7, N = 521 students were tested four times with Rasch-scaled English achievement tests. Intrinsic motivation was measured as a control variable. Fluid intelligence and intrinsic motivation were found to be related to the initial level of English achievement. However, neither fluid intelligence nor intrinsic motivation predicted the rate of change concerning the English scores. These findings extend the growing body of evidence that the relation between intelligence and rate of academic long-term learning may not be as strong as traditionally expected.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-16

Does Internet-based guided-self-help for depression cause harm? An individual participant data meta-analysis on deterioration rates and its moderators in randomized controlled trials - Ebert, David; Donkin, L.; Andersson, Gerhard; Andrews, G.; Berger, T.; Carlbring, P.; Rozenthal, A.; Choi, I.; Laferton, J. A. C.; Johansson, R.; Kleiboer, A.; Lange, A.; et al. (Psychological Medicine, 2016)
Conclusions Internet-based guided self-help is associated with a mean reduced risk for a symptom deterioration compared to controls. Treatment and symptom progress of patients with low education should be closely monitored, as some patients might face an increased risk for symptom deterioration. Future studies should examine predictors of deterioration in patients with low educatio
Keywords: Adverse events; depression; deterioration effect; Internet-based guided self-help; negative effects

Does outcome expectancy predict outcomes in online depression prevention? Secondary analysis of randomised-controlled trials - Thielecke, Janika; Kuper, Paula; Ebert, David; Cuijpers, Pim; Smit, Filip; Riper, Heleen; Lehr, Dirk; Buntrock, Claudia (Health Expectations, 2024)
Background: Evidence shows that online interventions could prevent depression. However, to improve the effectiveness of preventive online interventions in individuals with subthreshold depression, it is worthwhile to study factors influencing intervention outcomes. Outcome expectancy has been shown to predict treatment outcomes in psychotherapy for depression. However, little is known about whether this also applies to depression prevention. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of participants' outcome expectancy in an online depression prevention intervention. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from two randomised-controlled trials (N = 304). Multilevel modelling was used to explore the effect of outcome expectancy on depressive symptoms and close-to-symptom-free status postintervention (6–7 weeks) and at follow-up (3–6 months). In a subsample (n = 102), Cox regression was applied to assess the effect on depression onset within 12 months. Explorative analyses included baseline characteristics as possible moderators. Outcome expectancy did not predict posttreatment outcomes or the onset of depression. Results: Small effects were observed at follow-up for depressive symptoms (β = −.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [−0.75, −0.03], p =.032, padjusted =.130) and close-to-symptom-free status (relative risk = 1.06, 95% CI: [1.01, 1.11], p =.013, padjusted = 0.064), but statistical significance was not maintained when controlling for multiple testing. Moderator analyses indicated that expectancy could be more influential for females and individuals with higher initial symptom severity. Conclusion: More thoroughly designed, predictive studies targeting outcome expectancy are necessary to assess the full impact of the construct for effective depression prevention. Patient or Public Contribution: This secondary analysis did not involve patients, service users, care-givers, people with lived experience or members of the public. However, the findings incorporate the expectations of participants using the preventive online intervention, and these exploratory findings may inform the future involvement of participants in the design of indicated depression prevention interventions for adults. Clinical Trial Registration: Original studies: DRKS00004709, DRKS00005973; secondary analysis: osf.io/9xj6a.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-01-12
Keywords: CBT; depression; expectancy; online intervention; prediction; prevention; secondary analyses

Does sexual offender treatment work? A systematic review of outcome evaluations - Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (Psicothema, 2008)
The article reports a systematic review of controlled outcome evaluations of psychosocial and organic sexual offender treatment. A comprehensive search of the literature in five languages revealed 80 independent comparisons between treated and untreated groups of sexual offenders ( N = 22,181). The majority of studies confirmed a positive treatment effect. Overall, 11.1% of treated offenders and 17.5% of controls showed sexual recidivism (37% difference). Findings for violent and general recidivism were similar. Studies on surgical castration showed the strongest effect; however, this was confounded with methodological and offender characteristics. Hormonal medication, cognitive-behavioural, and behavioural approaches also revealed a positive effect. Non-behavioural treatments did not show a significant impact. Other moderators such as small sample size, authors' affiliation with the program, program completion versus dropout, or type of outcome measure had a significant impact. Methodological study characteristics explained the largest proportion of effect size variance. Overall, findings are promising but more differentiated evaluations of high quality are needed.

Does SMS-Support Make a Difference? Effectiveness of a Two-Week Online-Training to Overcome Procrastination. A Randomized Controlled Trial - Eckert, Marcus; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Sieland, Bernhard; Berking, Matthias (Frontiers in Psychology, 2018)
The primary purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy of an unguided, 2-week internet-based training program to overcome procrastination, called ON. TOP. Because adherence is a typical problem among individuals who tend to procrastinate, especially with internet-based interventions, the secondary purpose of the present study was to investigate whether adding SMS support increases subjects' frequency of engagement in training. In a three-armed RCT (N = 161), the effects of the intervention alone and intervention with daily SMS-support were compared to a waiting list control condition in a sample of students. The primary outcome of interest was procrastination. The secondary outcome of interest was the extent of training behavior. Baseline (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1) and 8-week post-treatment (T2) assessments were conducted. Results indicated that procrastination decreased significantly only with intervention group with daily SMS support, relative to control. Moreover, incorporating SMS support also may enhance extent of training behavior.
Keywords: procrastination; online-training; SMS support; adherence; Rubicon model

Does that pose become you? Testing the effect of body postures on self-concept - Jackson, Benita; Nault, Kelly; Smart Richman, Laura; LaBelle, Onawa; Rohleder, Nicolas (Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2017)

Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. - Karyotaki, Eirini; Ebert, David; Donkin, Liesje; Riper, Heleen; Twisk, Jos; Burger, Simone; Rozental, Alexander; Lange, Alfred; Williams, Alishia D.; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Geraedts, Anna; Van Straten, Annemieke; et al. (Clinical Psychology Review, 2018)
Little is known about clinically relevant changes in guided Internet-based interventions for depression. Moreover, methodological and power limitations preclude the identification of patients' groups that may benefit more from these interventions. This study aimed to investigate response rates, remission rates, and their moderators in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of guided Internet-based interventions for adult depression to control groups using an individual patient data meta-analysis approach. Literature searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library resulted in 13,384 abstracts from database inception to January 1, 2016. Twenty-four RCTs (4889 participants) comparing a guided Internet-based intervention with a control group contributed data to the analysis. Missing data were multiply imputed. To examine treatment outcome on response and remission, mixed-effects models with participants nested within studies were used. Response and remission rates were calculated using the Reliable Change Index. The intervention group obtained significantly higher response rates (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 2.17-2.85) and remission rates compared to controls (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 2.07-2.79). The moderator analysis indicated that older participants (OR = 1.01) and native-born participants (1.66) were more likely to respond to treatment compared to younger participants and ethnic minorities respectively. Age (OR = 1.01) and ethnicity (1.73) also moderated the effects of treatment on remission.Moreover, adults with more severe depressive symptoms at baseline were more likely to remit after receiving internet-based treatment (OR = 1.19). Guided Internet-based interventions lead to substantial positive treatment effects on treatment response and remission at post-treatment. Thus, such interventions may complement existing services for depression and potentially reduce the gap between the need and provision of evidence-based treatments.

Do Higher Education Students Have the Means to Learn During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Student Demands for Distance Learning in a Suddenly Digital Landscape - Händel, Marion; Bedenlier, Svenja; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kammerl, Rudolf; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert (Journal for Educational Research Online, 2022)
Across the globe, 2020 terms began under conditions incited by the corona pandemic. Within a relatively short amount of time, universities started to develop and implement online courses for distance learning. The current study is about an online survey at a German university investigating the unique circumstances under which students began the digital 2020 summer term. Of approximately 38 500 students, N = 5563 students from across all institutional faculties took part in the survey. Results indicate how well students are equipped with devices for digital learning, what kind of experiences they have already made with online learning, and how competent they reported feeling regarding digital learning. The study provides important insights into digital higher education during the exceptional pandemic situation. The results are intended to feed into student counselling systems via support by way of access to devices or courses regarding digital skills, or through counselling for students with special social burdens.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-22

Do infants understand false beliefs? We don't know yet - A commentary on Baillargeon, Buttelmann and Southgate's commentary - Kulke, Louisa; Poulin-Dubois, Diane; Rakoczy, Hannes; Burnside, Kimberly; Crivello, Cristina; Doerenberg, Sebastian; Edwards, Katheryn; Krist, Horst; Kulke, Louisa; Liszkowski, Ulf; Low, Jason; Perner, Josef; et al. (Cognitive Development, 2018)
The commentary by Baillargeon, Buttelmann and Southgate raises a number of crucial issues concerning the replicability and validity of measures of false belief in infancy. Although we agree with some of their arguments, we believe that they underestimate the replication crisis in this area. In our response to their commentary, we first analyze the current empirical situation. The upshot is that, given the available evidence, it remains very much an open question whether infants possess a rich theory of mind. We then draw out more general conclusions for future collaborative studies that have the potential to address this open question.

Domain-Specificity of Educational and Learning Capital: A Study With Musical Talents - Reutlinger, Marold; Pfeiffer, Wolfgang; Stoeger, Heidrun; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020)
The Education and Learning Capital Approach (ELCA) has been widely used to investigate talent development. A research gap is the implicit consideration of the domain specificity of educational and learning capital. In an empirical study with 365 school students we investigated the domain specificity of the approach for the domains of school learning and learning to play a musical instrument. At the beginning of the school year, students filled out a version of the Questionnaire for Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) for both domains and also responded to other domain-related measures (self-efficacy, grades). Six weeks later, students filled out a learning diary for 1 week in which they reported their activities on an hourly basis and responded to questions concerning these activities. Based on the Sociotope Approach this procedure helped to identify times in which students actually practiced their musical instrument, times that students could potentially practice their musical instrument (objective action space), and times that students would be expected to practice their musical instrument (normative action space). Three hypotheses were tested and could be supported. First, the availability of educational and learning capital for school learning and learning an instrument differed. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the domain-specific capital measurements. Third, domain-congruent correlations were mostly higher than domain-incongruent correlations, i.e., the availability of educational and learning capital for school learning correlated more closely with variables related to school learning than with variables related to learning a musical instrument. Similarly, the availability of the capitals for learning a musical instrument correlated more closely with variables related to learning a musical instrument.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-23
Keywords: domain specificity; educational capital; learning capital; music; talent development

Domänenspezifische Replikation der Studie von Mueller und Dweck (1998) zur negativen Wirkung von Entitätsfeedback - Steinbach, J; Harder, Bettina; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, 2010)

Do Nonsuicidal Severely Depressed Individuals with Diabetes Profit from Internet-Based Guided Self-Help? Secondary Analyses of a Pragmatic Randomized Trial - Schlicker, Sandra; Weisel, Kiona; Buntrock, Claudia; Berking, Matthias; Nobis, Stephanie; Lehr, Dirk; Baumeister, Harald; Snoek, Frank J.; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (Journal of Diabetes Research, 2019)

Don't fear ‘fear conditioning’: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear - Lonsdorf, Tina B.; Menz, Mareike M.; Andreatta, Marta; Fullana, Miguel A.; Golkar, Armita; Haaker, Jan; Heitland, Ivo; Hermann, Andrea; Kuhn, Manuel; Kruse, Onno; Drexler, Shira Meir; Meulders, Ann; et al. (Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017)
The so-called ‘replicability crisis’ has sparked methodological discussions in many areas of science in general, and in psychology in particular. This has led to recent endeavours to promote the transparency, rigour, and ultimately, replicability of research. Originating from this zeitgeist, the challenge to discuss critical issues on terminology, design, methods, and analysis considerations in fear conditioning research is taken up by this work, which involved representatives from fourteen of the major human fear conditioning laboratories in Europe. This compendium is intended to provide a basis for the development of a common procedural and terminology framework for the field of human fear conditioning. Whenever possible, we give general recommendations. When this is not feasible, we provide evidence-based guidance for methodological decisions on study design, outcome measures, and analyses. Importantly, this work is also intended to raise awareness and initiate discussions on crucial questions with respect to data collection, processing, statistical analyses, the impact of subtle procedural changes, and data reporting specifically tailored to the research on fear conditioning.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Conditioning; Design; Extinction; Individual differences; Methods; Methods; Replicability crisis; Return of fear; Statistics; Terminology

Dopamine D4 Receptor Exon III Polymorphism, Adverse Life Events and Personality Traits in a Nonclinical German Adult Sample - Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Neuropsychobiology, 2010)
Personality and temperament embrace a wide area of both psychological and behavioral processes which are also based on disposition. A functional polymorphism in exon III of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been a highly suspect genetic marker for personality in spite of ambiguous results. The present study aimed to further elucidate the relationship between DRD4, negative life events and personality in a representative nonclinical sample. Hundred sixty-seven Germans completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and the California Adult Q-Sort. A factor analysis revealed 3 factors: emotional stability, social orientation and impulsivity. DNA from buccal cells was genotyped for the DRD4 variable-number tandem-repeat exon III polymorphism with respect to presence versus absence of the DRD4 7-repeat allele. Adverse life events were assessed by means of the Adverse Life Events Scale. Men carrying the DRD4 7-repeat allele were more impulsive than those without. Male 7-repeat carriers were more emotionally instable than others, but only when they experienced a large amount of negative life events. No genotype-personality relationships were found for women. The results indicate gender-specific influences of the DRD4 gene on human behavior and invite researchers to further investigate gene-environment correlations on personality traits. © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Doppelkarrierepaare – Entstehung und Relevanz der Thematik. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Dual Career Couples in Theorie und Praxis. Zwischen Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik., 2010)
Entwicklung, empirische Erkenntnisse und Überlegungen zum Phänomen von Doppelkarrierepaaren (dual career couples; DCC) werden vorgestellt. Einleitend wird die geschichtliche Entwicklung von Paarbeziehungen unter Berücksichtigung des Arbeitsverhältnisses skizziert. Im Anschluss wird eine Definition von DCC vorgenommen. Des Weiteren werden Motive für DCC und die Rolle der Bildungshomogamie diskutiert sowie das Phänomen von DCC unter Personalmanagementgesichtspunkten betrachtet. Nach einigen zusammenfassenden empirischen Erkenntnissen zu DCC werden Ergebnisse aus der Langzeitstudie BELA-E (Berufliche Laufbahnentwicklung von Absolventinnen und Absolventen der Universität-Erlangen-Nürnberg) mit Akademikern zu folgenden Punkten präsentiert: (1) partnerschaftliches Zusammenleben, (2) Partnerschaftskonstellation, (3) Doppelkarrierepaare, (4) Paarkonstellation und Elternschaft und (5) Berufsfelder. Abschließend werden diese Ergebnisse unter dem Aspekt gesellschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Auswirkungen diskutiert.
Keywords: Paare; Berufliche Entwicklung; Berufstätigkeit beider Partner; Beruflicher Status; Berufliche Ziele; Elternschaft; Familie-Beruf-Koordinierung; Berufstätige Frauen; Erwachsenenalter

Do Pupils with Differing Cognitive Abilities Benefit Similarly from a Self-Regulated Learning Training Program? - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Gifted education international, 2010)

Do social conflicts with customers at work encroach upon our private lives? A diary study - Niessen, Cornelia; Volmer, Judith; Binnewies, Carmen; Sonnentag, Sabine (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2012)
Social interactions at work can strongly influence people's well-being. Extending past research, we examined how social conflicts with customers at work (SCCs) are related to employees' well-being (i.e., state negative affect, NA) and nonwork experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and negative work reflection at home) on a daily level. Using experience-sampling methodology, we collected data from 98 civil service agents over 5 working days. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that on the daily level, SCCs were related to employees' NA as well as with their nonwork experiences. Specifically, SCCs were negatively related to psychological detachment from work and positively related to negative work reflection after work. Furthermore, results provide support for the mediating role of NA in the SCC-nonwork experiences relationship. The findings of the present study broaden the scope of workplace conflict research by showing that conflicts are not only associated with employees' impaired well-being but even encroach on their nonwork experiences. © 2012 American Psychological Association.

Do Sports Programs Prevent Crime and Reduce Reoffending? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Sports Programs - Jugl, Irina; Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2021)
Objectives Sports programs are widely implemented as measures of crime prevention. In contrast to their popularity, there is little systematic knowledge about their effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out to fill this gap. In a systematic review, we gathered data on evaluated prevention programs specifically designed to prevent crime and delinquency. We then conducted a meta-analytic integration with studies using at least roughly equivalent control groups for the program evaluation. Method To retrieve relevant literature, we conducted a comprehensive international literature search until June 2021 drawing on scientific databases. We also applied snow-balling searches and contacted practitioners in the field. Studies were eligible if they evaluated sports programs designed to prevent delinquency on primary, secondary, and/or tertiary level. We focused on crime-related outcomes and potentially underlying psycho-social factors. We made no restrictions regarding characteristics of the participants or other aspects such as duration of the program. Results 24 studies were eligible for our systematic review, from which only thirteen were included into our meta-analytic integration. We found a moderate effect of participation in sports programs on crime-related outcomes (d = 0.36, p < .001). Participants showed a significant decrease in outcomes such as aggressiveness or anti-social behavior. We also analyzed psychological outcomes such as self-esteem or mental well-being, which also significantly improved when participating in sports programs (d = 0.87, p < ..05). Conclusions Sports programs seem to be an effective measure of crime prevention. However, future research needs more sound evaluation designs and moderator analyses to better understand the functioning and improve the implementation of sports programs.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-11-19

Dropping out of an online mentoring program for girls in STEM: A longitudinal study on the dynamically changing risk for premature match closure - Uebler, Claudia; Emmerdinger, Kathrin J.; Ziegler, Albert; Stoeger, Heidrun (Journal of Community Psychology, 2023)
Premature closure of mentoring relationships decreases positive effects of mentoring or can even lead to negative effects for mentees. Past studies retrospectively investigated mechanisms of premature match closure. However, a deeper understanding of the dynamics that lead to premature match closure is still missing. In our study, we longitudinally examined the preprogram characteristics, program adherence, as well as program communication and networking behavior of girls (N = 901, M = 13.80 years) who took part in a 1-year online mentoring program in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), comparing girls who dropped out of the program prematurely (N = 598) with girls who were considered as non-dropouts (N = 303). We used survival analysis methods to simultaneously analyze time-independent characteristics and time-dependent dynamics of mentees' communication and networking behavior. Besides mentees' interest in STEM and compliance with program specifications, a frequent and steady communication with their mentors decreased the risk for premature match closure, especially, if it focused on STEM. Mentors' mentoring experience, mentees' program-wide networking and their networking with other mentees reduced the risk for premature match closure. Regarding the STEM focus of networking, we found competing influences, which need to be further explored in future research.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-14
Keywords: girls in STEM; longitudinal study; online mentoring; premature match closure; survival analysis

DSM-IV und DSM-5: Was hat sich tatsächlich verändert? - Ehret, Anna M.; Berking, Matthias (Verhaltenstherapie, 2013)
The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in May 2013. To enable researchers and practitioners to appropriately evaluate and account for advantages and disadvantages, both groups should be informed about amendments to the previous version DSM-IV. In the present paper, we describe the main differences between DSM-IV and DSM-5. Major changes in the overall structure include the discontinuation of the multiaxial system and the revised order of categories. On the level of specific disorders, main differences include the introduction of Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders, the extinction of bereavement as an exclusion criterion for Major Depressive Disorder, and the inclusion of Agoraphobia as a distinct disorder. Further additional diagnoses in DSM-5 include Binge-Eating Disorder, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Hoarding Disorder, Excoriation (Skin Picking) Disorder, and Caffeine Withdrawal. Categories no longer included in the DSM-5 include Sexual Aversion Disorder and Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder. Finally, for almost all disorders diagnostic criteria were slightly modified and nosological information was updated. When evaluating the revision, the multiple purposes of the DSM-5 have to be taken into account. As many of these purposes are in conflict or even mutually exclusive, controversial discussions of the new edition by the various interest groups are to be expected.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: Classification systems; Diagnostics; DSM-5; DSM-IV; Mental disorders

Dual-career couples: Specific challenges for work-life integration. - Abele, Andrea E.; Volmer, Judith (Creating Balance?! International perspectives on the work-life integration of professionals., 2011)
Presents an overview of issues regarding dual-career couples (DCCs). After a brief introduction to the development of DCCs and the frequency of DCCs in Europe and the United States, theoretical models that aim to explain why couples live in relationships in which both partners work are outlined. In addition, the potential advantages and disadvantages of this type of relationship are discussed. Then, empirical findings on the relationship between DCCs and stress, well-being, partnership issues, career and mobility issues, parenthood issues, and gender-related issues. Thereafter, strategies to promote work-life integration of DCCs are discussed. These strategies are aimed to assist integration on the individual, partnership, and organizational levels. It is concluded that compatibility management strategies, societal support, and organizational strategies are necessary for successful work-life integration.
Keywords: Dual Careers; Family Work Relationship; Family Structure; Couples; Relationship Satisfaction; Stress; Occupational Mobility; Social Support; Strategies

Duration of lithium treatment and brain lithium concentration in patients with unipolar and schizoaffective disorder: A study with magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Riedl, Ulrich; Barocka, Arnd; Kolem, Heinrich; Demling, Joachim; Kaschka, Wolfgang P.; Schelp, Rainer; Stemmler, Mark; Ebert, Dieter (Biological Psychiatry, 1997)
Twenty psychiatric patients on lithium medication were examined with 7-Li-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Patients on long-term lithium treatment (>6 months) were compared with a short-term group who had been taking lithium for between 4 and 8 weeks. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for either recurrent unipolar depressive disorder (DSM-III-R 296.3x) or schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (DSM-III-R 295.70). The brain:serum lithium ratio was 0.76 ± 0.26; there was no significant difference between short-term and long-term treatment. In the group of long-term treatment patients there was a positive correlation between lithium dose per day and brain lithium concentration (R = .72, p <.01), and between lithium plasma concentration and brain lithium concentration (R = .65, p < .05). In the short-term group, however, there was no significant correlation for these parameters. No differences between unipolar and schizoaffective disorder were found.
Keywords: Lithium; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; unipolar disorder; schizoaffective disorder

Dynamische EduSpaces - Ziegler, Albert; Harder, Bettina; Arndt, H (Theoretische Perspektiven der modernen Pädagogik, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.dynami

Dynamische Edu Spaces - Ziegler, Albert; Harder, Bettina; Arndt, Holger (Reform und Innovation - Beiträge pädagogischer Forschung, 2014)

Dysregulated stress signal sensitivity and inflammatory disinhibition as a pathophysiological mechanism of stress-related chronic fatigue. - Strahler, Jana; Skoluda, Nadine; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nater, Urs (Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2016)
Chronic stress and its subsequent effects on biological stress systems have long been recognized as predisposing and perpetuating factors in chronic fatigue, although the exact mechanisms are far from being completely understood. In this review, we propose that sensitivity of immune cells to glucocorticoids (GCs) and catecholamines (CATs) may be the missing link in elucidating how stress turns into chronic fatigue. We searched for in vitro studies investigating the impact of GCs or CATs on mitogen-stimulated immune cells in chronically stressed or fatigued populations, with 34 original studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria. Besides mixed cross-sectional findings for stress- and fatigue-related changes of GC sensitivity under basal conditions or acute stress, longitudinal studies indicate a decrease with ongoing stress. Research on CATs is still scarce, but initial findings point towards a reduction of CAT sensitivity under chronic stress. In the long run, resistance of immune cells to stress signals under conditions of chronic stress might translate into self-maintaining inflammation and inflammatory disinhibition under acute stress, which in turn lead to fatigue.

Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A systematic review - Geiss, Lennard; Stemmler, Mark; Beck, Beate; Hillemacher, Thomas; Widder, Michael; Hösl, Katharina M. (Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2023)
Background: Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional instability, all of which were linked to altered modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This and the clinical effectiveness of sympathomimetic medication raised the question if autonomic modulation is altered in aADHD patients. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science for publications investigating autonomic modulation in aADHD and controls during resting-state and/or under task conditions. Results: We reviewed 15 studies involving 846 participants (424 aADHD and 422 controls), including 4 studies on sympathetic tone at rest, 13 studies on sympathetic modulation during tasks, 3 studies on resting state parasympathetic modulation and 3 papers on task-related parasympathetic modulation. Studies comprised measurements of electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, blood volume pulse, pre-ejection period, and baroreflex sensitivity. 2 studies reported reduced sympathetic tone in aADHD; 7 papers described lower sympathetic reactivity to task demands in this cohort. One study linked aADHD to impaired vagal tone, while no indications of altered tasks-related parasympathetic reactivity in aADHD patients were reported. Conclusion: The reviewed data revealed impaired cardiovascular autonomic modulation in aADHD patients, predominantly in sympathetic modulation and during stress exposure.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-22
Keywords: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autonomic nervous system; central autonomic network; heart rate variability; psychophysiology

Early attachment development under risk exposure: A German longitudinal study - Gerlach, Jennifer; Förthner, Judith; Eickhorst, Andreas; Sann, Alexandra; Vierhaus, Marc; Zimmermann, Peter; Spangler, Gottfried (International Attachment Conference, 2017)

Economic Evaluation of an Internet-Based Stress Management Intervention Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial - Kählke, Fanny; Buntrock, Claudia; Smit, Filip; Berking, Matthias; Lehr, Dirk; Heber, Elena; Funk, Burkhardt; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (JMIR Mental Health, 2019)
Background: Work-related stress is widespread among employees and associated with high costs for German society. Internet-based stress management interventions (iSMIs) are effective in reducing such stress. However, evidence for their cost-effectiveness is scant.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-06-18

Economic evaluations of internet- and mobile-based interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression: A systematic review - Paganini, Sarah; Teigelkötter, Wiebke; Buntrock, Claudia; Baumeister, Harald (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2017)
Background: Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) targeting depression have been shown to be clinical effective and are considered a cost-effective complement to established interventions. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the evidence for the cost-effectiveness of IMIs for the treatment and prevention of depression. Methods: A systematic database search was conducted (Medline, PsychInfo, CENTRAL, PSYNDEX, OHE HEED). Relevant articles were selected according to defined eligibility criteria. IMIs were classified as cost-effective if they were below a willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP) of €22,845 (£20,000) - €34,267 (£30,000) according to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) standard. Study quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard guidelines and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results: Of 1,538 studies, 11 economic evaluations of IMIs for the treatment of depression, and 1 for the prevention of depression, were eligible for inclusion. In 6 studies, IMIs were classified as likely to be cost-effective with an incremental cost-utility ratio between €3,088 and €22,609. All of these IMIs were guided. Overall quality of most economic evaluations was evaluated as good. All studies showed some risk of bias. Limitations: The studies used different methodologies and showed some risk of bias. These aspects as well as the classification of cost-effectiveness according to the WTP proposed by NICE should be considered when interpreting the results. Conclusions: Results indicate that guided IMIs for the treatment of (subthreshold) depression have the potential to be a cost-effective complement to already established interventions, but more methodologically sound studies are needed.
Keywords: Systematic review; cost-effectiveness; e-health; treatment; prevention; depression

Editorial: Advanced Learning - Vialle, Wilma; Stoeger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Frontiers in Psychology, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-07-23

Editorial - Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2016)

Editorial: Career Success: Approaches from Economics and Psychology - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Bellmann, Lutz; Moser, Klaus; Riphahn, Regina Therese; Schnabel, Claus (Journal for labour market research, 2011)
WiSo-Import:2015-03-26:3315

Editorial: How to Help Employees Returning to Work Following Depression - Terao, Takeshi; Hori, Hikaru; Buntrock, Claudia (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-07-23

Educational and learning capital of a world champion - Ziegler, Albert; Vladut, Anamaria; Leavitt, M.; Speckenheuer, R. (Talent Talks, 2012)

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided and unguided internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: study protocol for a three-armed randomised controlled trial - Lin, Jiaxi; Lüking, Marianne; Ebert, David; Buhrman, Monica; Andersson, Gerhard; Baumeister, Harald (Internet Interventions, 2014)

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided internet- and mobile-based depression intervention for individuals with chronic back pain: protocol of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial - Lin, Jiaxi; Sander, Lasse; Paganini, Sarah; Schlicker, Sandra; Ebert, David; Berking, Matthias; Bengel, Juergen; Nobis, Stephanie; Lehr, Dirk; Mittag, Oskar; Riper, Heleen; Baumeister, Harald (BMJ Open, 2017)
Introduction Depression often co-occurs with chronic back pain (CBP). Internet and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) might be a promising approach for effectively treating depression in this patient group. In the present study, we will evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided depression IMI for individuals with CBP (eSano BackCare-D) integrated into orthopaedic healthcare.Methods and analysis In this multicentre randomised controlled trial of parallel design, the groups eSano BackCare-D versus treatment as usual will be compared. 210 participants with CBP and diagnosed depression will be recruited subsequent to orthopaedic rehabilitation care. Assessments will be conducted prior to randomisation and 9 weeks (post-treatment) and 6 months after randomisation. The primary outcome is depression severity (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17). Secondary outcomes are depression remission and response, health-related quality of life, pain intensity, pain-related disability, self-efficacy and work capacity. Demographic and medical variables as well as internet affinity, intervention adherence, intervention satisfaction and negative effects will also be assessed. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis with additional per-protocol analyses. Moreover, a cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis will be conducted from a societal perspective after 6 months.Ethics and dissemination All procedures are approved by the ethics committee of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg and the data security committee of the German Pension Insurance (Deutsche Rentenversicherung). The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented on international conferences.

Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a guided Internet- and mobile-based intervention for the indicated prevention of major depression in patients with chronic back pain-study protocol of the PROD-BP multicenter pragmatic RCT - Sander, L.; Paganini, S.; Lin, J.; Schlicker, Sandra; Ebert, David; Buntrock, Claudia; Baumeister, H. (BMC Psychiatry, 2017)
BACKGROUND Reducing the disease burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) is of major public health relevance. The prevention of depression is regarded as one possible approach to reach this goal. People with multiple risk factors for MDD such as chronic back pain and subthreshold depressive symptoms may benefit most from preventive measures. The Internet as intervention setting allows for scaling up preventive interventions on a public mental health level. METHODS This study is a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) of parallel design aiming to investigate the (cost-) effectiveness of an Internet- and mobile-based intervention (IMI) for the prevention of depression in chronic back pain patients (PROD-BP) with subthreshold depressive symptoms. eSano BackCare-DP is a guided, chronic back pain-specific depression prevention intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) principles comprising six weekly plus three optional modules and two booster sessions after completion of the intervention. Trained psychologists provide guidance by sending feedback messages after each module. A total of 406 patients with chronic back pain and without a depressive disorder at baseline will be recruited following orthopedic rehabilitation care and allocated to either intervention or treatment-as-usual (TAU). Primary patient-relevant endpoint of the trial is the time to onset of MDD measured by the telephone-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) at baseline and 1-year post-randomization. Key secondary outcomes are health-related quality of life, depression severity, pain intensity, pain-related disability, ability to work, intervention satisfaction and adherence as well as side effects of the intervention. Online assessments take place at baseline and 9 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months post-randomization. Cox regression survival analysis will be conducted to estimate hazard ratio at 12-month follow-up. Moreover, an economic analysis will be conducted from a societal and public health perspective. DISCUSSION This is the first study examining an IMI for depression prevention in a sample of chronic pain patients. If this implementation of a depression prevention IMI into orthopedic aftercare proves effective, the intervention could be integrated into routine care with minimal costs and extended for use with other chronic diseases. Results will have implications for researchers, health care providers and public health policy makers. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Studies Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00007960 . Registered 12 August 2015.
Keywords: Prevention; RCT; eHealth; Internet and mobile based; Major depression; Chronic back pain; CBT; Effectiveness; Economic evaluation

Effectiveness and Moderators of an Internet-Based Mobile-Supported Stress Management Intervention as a Universal Prevention Approach: Randomized Controlled Trial - Ebert, David Daniel; Franke, Marvin; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Riper, Heleen; Cuijpers, Pim; Funk, Burkhardt; Lehr, Dirk (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2021)
Background: Emerging evidence indicates the effectiveness of internet-based mobile-supported stress management interventions (iSMIs) in highly stressed employees. It is yet unclear, however, whether iSMIs are also effective without a preselection process in a universal prevention approach, which more closely resembles routine occupational health care. Moreover, evidence for whom iSMIs might be suitable and for whom not is scarce.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-01-21

Effectiveness of a Guided Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Patients with Chronic Back Pain and Depression (WARD-BP): A Multicenter, Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Baumeister, Harald; Paganini, Sarah; Sander, Lasse Bosse; Lin, Jiaxi; Schlicker, Sandra; Terhorst, Yannik; Moshagen, Morten; Bengel, Juergen; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David (Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2020)
Introduction: There is neither strong evidence on effective treatments for patients with chronic back pain (CBP) and depressive disorder nor sufficiently available mental health care offers. Objective: The aim is to assess the effectiveness of internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI) as a scalable approach for treating depression in a routine care setting. Methods: This is an observer-masked, multicenter, pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a randomization ratio of 1:1.Patients with CBP and diagnosed depressive disorder (mild to moderate severity) were recruited from 82 orthopedic rehabilitation clinics across Germany. The intervention group (IG) received a guided depression IMI tailored to CBP next to treatment-as-usual (TAU; including medication), while the control group (CG) received TAU. The primary outcome was observer-masked clinician-rated Hamilton depression severity (9-week follow-up). The secondary outcomes were: further depression outcomes, pain-related outcomes, health-related quality of life, and work capacity. Biostatistician blinded analyses using regression models were conducted by intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis. Results: Between October 2015 and July 2017, we randomly assigned 210 participants (IG, n = 105; CG, n = 105), mostly with only a mild pain intensity but substantial pain disability. No statistically significant difference in depression severity between IG and CG was observed at the 9-week follow-up (beta = -0.19, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.05). Explorative secondary depression (4/9) and pain-related (4/6) outcomes were in part significant (p < 0.05). Health-related quality of life was significantly higher in the IG. No differences were found in work capacity. Conclusion: The results indicate that an IMI for patients with CBP and depression in a routine care setting has limited impact on depression. Benefits in pain and health-related outcomes suggest that an IMI might still be a useful measure to improve routine care.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-01-01

Effectiveness of a Guided Web-Based Self-help Intervention to Prevent Depression in Patients with Persistent Back Pain: The PROD-BP Randomized Clinical Trial - Sander, Lasse B.; Paganini, Sarah; Terhorst, Yannik; Schlicker, Sandra; Lin, Jiaxi; Spanhel, Kerstin; Buntrock, Claudia; Ebert, David D.; Baumeister, Harald (JAMA Psychiatry, 2020)
Importance: Depression is a frequent comorbid condition in patients with persistent back pain and is associated with substantial adverse consequences, including the risk of developing opioid use disorders. Shifting the focus from depression treatment to preventing depression might be a viable way to reduce the disease burden. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention to reduce the incidence of major depressive episode (MDE) in patients with persistent back pain. Design, Setting, and Participants: Prevention of Depression in Back Pain Patients (PROD-BP) was a pragmatic, observer-blinded randomized clinical trial with a parallel design conducted in Germany. Eligible adults with a diagnosis of persistent back pain and subclinical depressive symptoms, but who were depression free, were recruited either on-site or after discharge from 82 orthopedic clinics between October 1, 2015, and July 31, 2017. All analyses were conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle from October 31, 2018, to April 30, 2019. Interventions: The intervention group received an e-coach-guided, web-based self-help intervention that was based on cognitive behavioral therapy and tailored to the needs of patients with persistent back pain. The intervention included 6 obligatory modules and 3 optional modules to be completed by participants as well as feedback from e-coaches. Both the intervention and control groups had unrestricted access to treatment as usual. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome was time to onset of an MDE over a 12-month period as assessed by blinded diagnostic raters using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. Secondary outcomes included depression severity, quality of life, pain intensity, pain-related disability, pain self-efficacy, work capacity, and user satisfaction assessed with a variety of instruments. Results: A total of 295 participants (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [7.7] years; 184 women [62.4%]) were recruited and randomized to either the intervention group (n = 149) or control group (n = 146). The intervention reduced the risk of MDE onset by 52% (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.81; P <.001). Twenty-one participants (14.1%) in the intervention group and 41 participants (28.1%) in the control group experienced an MDE over the 12-month period. The number needed to treat to prevent 1 new case of MDE was 2.84 (95% CI, 1.79-9.44). Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this trial showed that among patients with persistent back pain, depression can be prevented by a guided web-based self-help intervention in addition to treatment as usual. This finding suggests that using a scalable digital approach to integrate psychological treatment into routine pain management is feasible. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register Identifier: DRKS00007960..
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-09

Effectiveness of a Multimodal, Day Clinic Group-Based Treatment Program for Trauma-Related Disorders: Differential Therapy Outcome for Complex PTSD vs. Non-Complex Trauma-Related Disorders - Philipps, Anke; Silbermann, Andrea; Morawa, Eva; Stemmler, Mark; Erim, Yesim (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2019)
Background: The effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder is evidence-based and generally considered proven. However, the effectiveness of multimodal, group-based day clinic treatment programs has rarely been investigated. Moreover, there is no consensus in the literature concerning the question whether psychotherapeutic approaches for trauma-related disorders are also applicable for patients with complex PTSD (cPTSD). The aim of the study was to evaluate our multimodal group-based treatment program regarding a change of psychiatric burden, a change of protective factors, and possible differences in therapy outcome for patients with or without cPTSD. Methods: The group-based treatment for patients with trauma-related disorders was examined in 66 patients who filled out the following questionnaires in the first and in the last week of treatment: Essen Trauma Inventory (ETI), Screening for complex PTSD (SkPTBS), Patient Health Questionnaire—somatization module (PHQ-15), Beck Depression Inventory—Revised (BDI-II), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Questionnaire on social support (F-SozU). Results: The treatment was shown to significantly reduce depressive symptoms (p < 0.001, d = -0.536) and increase posttraumatic growth (New Possibilities: p = 0.004, d = 0.405; Personal Strength: p = 0.005, d = 0.414). For patients with cPTSD, depressive (p = 0.010, d = -0.63) as well as cPTSD symptoms (p = 0.020, d = -0.796) were significantly reduced; perceived social support was increased after day clinic treatment (p = 0.003, d = 0.61). Contrary to our expectations, somatoform symptoms were increased after therapy. Conclusions: The present work expands previous research by demonstrating that multimodal group-based, day clinic treatment is effective in the treatment of trauma-related disorders, also in their complex form.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-03
Keywords: complex PTSD; day clinic treatment; depression; posttraumatic growth; posttraumatic stress disorder; social support; therapy outcome; trauma

Effectiveness of an Internet- and App-Based Intervention for College Students With Elevated Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial - Harrer, Mathias; Adam, Sophia; Fleischmann, Rebecca Jessica; Baumeister, Harald; Auerbach, Randy; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Cuijpers, Pim; Kessler, Ronald C.; Berking, Matthias; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018)
Background: Mental health problems are highly prevalent among college students. Most students with poor mental health, however, do not receive professional help. Internet-based self-help formats may increase the utilization of treatment.Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based, app-supported stress management intervention for college students.Methods: College students (n=150) with elevated levels of stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4-item version, PSS-4 >= 8) were randomly assigned to either an internet- and mobile-based stress intervention group with feedback on demand or a waitlist control group. Self-report data were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (7 weeks), and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was perceived stress posttreatment (PSS-4). Secondary outcomes included mental health outcomes, modifiable risk and protective factors, and college-related outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted in students with clinically relevant symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies' Depression Scale >17).Results: A total of 106 participants (76.8%) indicated that they were first-time help-seekers, and 77.3% (intervention group: 58/75; waitlist control group: 58/75) showed clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline. Findings indicated significant effects of the intervention compared with the waitlist control group for stress (d=0.69; 95% CI 0.36-1.02), anxiety (d=0.76; 95% CI 0.43-1.09), depression (d=0.63; 95% CI 0.30-0.96), college-related productivity (d=0.33; 95% CI 0.01-0.65), academic work impairment (d=0.34; 95% CI 0.01-0.66), and other outcomes after 7 weeks (posttreatment). Response rates for stress symptoms were significantly higher for the intervention group (69%, 52/75) compared with the waitlist control group (35%, 26/75, P<.001; number needed to treat=2.89, 95% CI 2.01-5.08) at posttest (7 weeks). Effects were sustained at 3-month follow-up, and similar findings emerged in students with symptoms of depression.Conclusions: Internet-and mobile-based interventions could be an effective and cost-effective approach to reduce consequences of college-related stress and might potentially attract students with clinically relevant depression who would not otherwise seek help.
Keywords: randomized controlled trial; stress; psychological; depression; telemedicine; students; help-seeking behavior

Effectiveness of attachment based STEEP™ intervention in a German high-risk sampled - Suess, Gerhard; Bohlen, Uta; Carlson, E.A.; Spangler, Gottfried; Maier, Frumentia (Attachment and Human Development, 2016)

Effectiveness of a Web-based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial - Buntrock, Claudia; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Heleen, Riper; Smit, Filip; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim (JAMA Psychiatry, 2017)

Effectiveness of a Web-Based Cognitive Behavioural Intervention for Subthreshold Depression: Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial - Buntrock, Claudia; Smit, Filip; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Heleen, Riper; Cuijpers, Pim; Berking, Matthias (Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2015)
Background: Research on the effectiveness of treatments for subthreshold depression (sD) is still scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based guided self-help intervention (GET. ON Mood Enhancer) in the treatment of sD. Methods: Participants with sD (n = 406) recruited from the general population via a large health insurance company were randomly allocated to a web-based cognitive behavioural intervention or to enhanced care-as-usual. The primary outcome was the reduction in depressive symptom severity as measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. Results: Participants in the intervention group showed a significantly greater pre-post reduction in depressive symptom severity (d = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.86-1.27) compared to the control condition (d = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10-0.49). The corresponding between-group effect size was d = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.49-0.89). At 6-month follow-up the effect was reduced to d = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.09-0.48) but was still statistically significant (F-1,F-403 = 9.240, p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study lends support to the idea that problem solving coupled with behavioural activation is an effective treatment for sD. In addition, the delivery of this intervention over the Internet might be a promising strategy for the dissemination of psychological interventions for sD on a large scale. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
Keywords: Subthreshold depression; Treatment; Psychological intervention; Cognitive behavioural intervention; Web-based guided self-help; Randomised controlled trial

Effectiveness of guided and unguided Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain - Baumeister, Harald; Sander, Lasse; Andersson, Gerhard; Lin, Jiaxi; Ebert, David; Paganini, Sarah (Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 2017)

Effectiveness of guided internet-based interventions in the indicated prevention of depression in green professions (PROD-A): Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial - Braun, Lina; Titzler, Ingrid; Terhorst, Yannik; Freund, Johanna; Thielecke, Janika; Ebert, David; Baumeister, Harald (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021)
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a major impact on public health. Reduction of depression burden in general population is of greatest importance and might be achieved by implementation of depression prevention measures into routine care. We evaluate an online prevention measure as part of a national project aiming to reduce depression in the occupational group of green professions. Methods: This two-armed pragmatic RCT (n = 360) evaluates the effectiveness of a tailored internet-based intervention (IMI) program compared to enhanced treatment as usual. The IMI program entailed access to one of six guided IMIs each focusing on different symptom areas (depressive mood with optional comorbid diabetes, perceived stress, insomnia, panic and agoraphobia and harmful alcohol consumption). Eligible were entrepreneurs, spouses, family members and pensioners in green professions with adequate insurance status and at least subthreshold depression (PHQ≥5). Primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR16) at 9-weeks post-treatment (T1). Various secondary outcomes were assessed at T1. Results: A small effect of depression reduction (d=-0.28, 95%-CI: -0.50 to -0.07) was found at T1 favouring the IMI program (β=-0.22, 95%-CI: -0.41 to -0.02, p=.033). Categorical analysis indicated a reduced risk of potential MDD with NNTB=28.11. Adherence to the IMI program at T1 was exceptionally low. Limitations: Results are limited to green professions and representativeness might be restricted by self-selection of participants. Conclusion: Depression burden in green professions can be reduced by this online prevention measure. Yet, short-term effectiveness is restricted by low adherence rates. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00014000. Registered: 09 April 2018.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-30
Keywords: Depression; Green professions; Internet- and mobile-based interventions; Prevention; Randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of Self-guided Tailored Implementation Strategies in Integrating and Embedding Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Mental Health Care: Results of a Multicenter Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial - Vis, Christiaan; Schuurmans, Josien; Aouizerate, Bruno; Atipei Craggs, Mette; Batterham, Philip; Bührmann, Leah; Calear, Alison; Cerga Pashoja, Arlinda; Christensen, Helen; Dozeman, Els; Duedal Pedersen, Claus; Ebert, David Daniel; et al. (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2023)
BACKGROUND: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) services for common mental health disorders have been found to be effective. There is a need for strategies that improve implementation in routine practice. One-size-fits-all strategies are likely to be ineffective. Tailored implementation is considered as a promising approach. The self-guided integrated theory-based Framework for intervention tailoring strategies toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) supports local implementers in developing tailored implementation strategies. Tailoring involves identifying local barriers; matching selected barriers to implementation strategies; developing an actionable work plan; and applying, monitoring, and adapting where necessary. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit with implementation-as-usual (IAU) in implementing iCBT services in 12 routine mental health care organizations in 9 countries in Europe and Australia. METHODS: A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with repeated measures was applied. The trial period lasted 30 months. The primary outcome was the normalization of iCBT delivery by service providers (therapists, referrers, IT developers, and administrators), which was measured with the Normalization Measure Development as a proxy for implementation success. A 3-level linear mixed-effects modeling was applied to estimate the effects. iCBT service uptake (referral and treatment completion rates) and implementation effort (hours) were used as secondary outcomes. The perceived satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), usability (System Usability Scale), and impact of the ItFits-toolkit by implementers were used to assess the acceptability of the ItFits-toolkit. RESULTS: In total, 456 mental health service providers were included in this study. Compared with IAU, the ItFits-toolkit had a small positive statistically significant effect on normalization levels in service providers (mean 0.09, SD 0.04; P=.02; Cohen d=0.12). The uptake of iCBT by patients was similar to that of IAU. Implementers did not spend more time on implementation work when using the ItFits-toolkit and generally regarded the ItFits-toolkit as usable and were satisfied with it. CONCLUSIONS: The ItFits-toolkit performed better than the usual implementation activities in implementing iCBT services in routine practice. There is practical utility in the ItFits-toolkit for supporting implementers in developing and applying effective tailored implementation strategies. However, the effect on normalization levels among mental health service providers was small. These findings warrant modesty regarding the effectiveness of self-guided tailored implementation of iCBT services in routine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03652883. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-04686-4.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-02-17
Keywords: common mental health disorders; iCBT; implementation strategies; internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy; mobile phone; tailored implementation

Effectiveness of Web- and Mobile-Based Treatment of Subthreshold Depression With Adherence-Focused Guidance: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial - Ebert, David; Buntrock, Claudia; Lehr, Dirk; Smit, Filip; Riper, Heleen; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Berking, Matthias (Behavior Therapy, 2018)
Evidence for the impact of psychological Interventions for subthreshold depression (sD) is conflicting. Moreover, human resources to deliver such treatments are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention with adherence-focused guidance in the treatment of sD. Participants with sD (CES-D. ≥ 16, no Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-IV criteria, N = 204) recruited via a large health insurance were randomly allocated to a web-based mobile-supported cognitive-behavioral intervention or to a waitlist control condition with unrestricted access to usual care. The primary outcome was the reduction in depressive symptom severity as measured by blind diagnostic raters using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) at posttreatment. There was a statistically significant between-group difference in QIDS scores at posttreatment in favor of the intervention group, F(1, 201) = 11.31, p = .001, corresponding to a medium effect size of d = 0.37 (95% CI 0.09-0.64) and a NNT of 7 (95%-CI 3.7-41.2). Significant effects in favour of the intervention group were also found for secondary outcomes such as quality of life, anxiety, and insomnia severity. Web-based self-help interventions with adherence-focused guidance could be an acceptable and effective approach to reduce a range of negative consequences associated with subclinical depressio
Keywords: Clinician-rated; Minor depression; Subthreshold depression; Web-based intervention

Effect of Acute Psychosocial Stress on Body Movements - Rohleder, Nicolas; Richer, Robert; Koch, Veronika; Küderle, Arne; Müller, Victoria; Wirth, Vanessa; Stamminger, Marc; Eskofier, Björn (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2022)

Effect of an internet- and app-based stress intervention compared to online psychoeducation in university students with depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized controlled trial - Harrer, Mathias; Apolinário-Hagen, Jennifer; Fritsche, Lara; Salewski, Christel; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Lehr, Dirk; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David Daniel (Internet Interventions, 2021)
Depression is highly prevalent among university students. Internet-based interventions have been found to be effective in addressing depressive symptoms, but it is open if this also applies to interventions directed at academic stress. It is also largely unclear if the techniques employed in such programs provide significant additional benefits when controlling for non-specific intervention effects. A sample of N = 200 students with elevated levels of depression (CES-D ≥ 16) of a large distance-learning university were randomly assigned to either an Internet- and App-based stress intervention group (IG; n = 100) or an active control group (CG; n = 100) receiving an Internet-based psychoeducational program of equal length. Self-report data was assessed at baseline, post-treatment (7 weeks) and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome was depression (CES-D) post-treatment. Secondary outcomes included mental health outcomes, modifiable risk factors, and academic outcomes. We found significant between-group effects on depressive symptom severity (d = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.08–0.64), as well as behavioral activation (d = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.30–0.91), perceived stress (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.18–0.73), anxiety (d = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.03–0.67) and other secondary outcomes post-treatment. Effects on depression were sustained at three-month follow-up. Response rates for depressive symptoms were significantly higher in the IG (26%) than the CG (14%) at post-test (χ2=4.5, p = 0.04), but not at three-month follow-up (p = 0.454). We also found significant effects on relevant academic outcomes, including work impairment (follow-up; d = 0.36), work output (post-treatment; d = 0.27) and work cutback (follow-up; d = 0.36). The intervention was more effective for depressive symptoms compared to the CG, and so controlling for unspecific intervention effects. This suggests that specific techniques of the intervention may provide significant additional benefits on depressive symptoms. Trial registration: German Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS): DRKS00011800 (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011800).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-03-26
Keywords: App; College students; Depression; Internet intervention; Perceived stress; Randomized controlled trial

Effect of a web-based guided self-help intervention for prevention of major depression in adults with subthreshold depression a randomized clinical trial - Buntrock, Claudia; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Smit, Filip; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim (Journal of the American Medical Association, 2016)
Importance Evidence-based treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are not very successful in improving functional and health outcomes. Attention has increasingly been focused on the prevention of MDD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based guided self-help intervention for the prevention of MDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Two-group randomized clinical trial conducted between March 1, 2013, and March 4, 2015. Participants were recruited in Germany from the general population via a large statutory health insurance company (ie, insurance funded by joint employer-employee contributions). Participants included 406 self-selected adults with subthreshold depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score≥16, no current MDD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition, Text Revision] criteria). INTERVENTIONS All participants had unrestricted access to usual care (visits to the primary care clinician) and were randomized to either a web-based guided self-help intervention (cognitive-behavioral and problem-solving therapy supported by an online trainer; n = 202) or a web-based psychoeducation program (n = 204). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was time to onset of MDD in the intervention group relative to the control group over a 12-month follow-up period as assessed by blinded diagnostic raters using the telephone-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders at 6-and 12-month follow-up, covering the period to the previous assessment. RESULTS Among 406 randomized patients (mean age, 45 years; 73.9%women), 335 (82%) completed the telephone follow-up at 12 months. Fifty-five participants (27%) in the intervention group experienced MDD compared with 84 participants (41%) in the control group. Cox regression analyses controlling for baseline depressive symptom severity revealed a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95%CI, 0.42-0.82; P =.002) at 12-month follow-up. The number needed to treat to avoid 1 new case of MDD was 5.9 (95%CI, 3.9-14.6). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with subthreshold depression, the use of a web-based guided self-help intervention compared with enhanced usual care reduced the incidence of MDD over 12 months. Further research is needed to understand whether the effects are generalizable to both first onset of depression and depression recurrence as well as efficacy without the use of an online trainer.

Effect of a Web-Based Guided Self-Help Intervention for Prevention of Major Depression in Adults with Subthreshold Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial - Buntrock, Claudia; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Smit, Filip; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim (Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 2016)

Effect of sapphire-substrate thickness on the curvature of thick GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy - Paskova, Tania; Becker, Linda; Böttcher, Tim; Hommel, Detlef; Paskov, Plamen; Monemar, Bo (Journal of Applied Physics, 2007)
The effect of sapphire-substrate thickness on the curvature and stress in thick hydride vapor phase epitaxial GaN films was studied by high-resolution x-ray diffraction at variable temperatures. The curvature was found to have the maximum value for comparable thicknesses of the film and the substrate, while the stress at the film surface decreases with increasing film thickness and increases with increasing substrate thickness, which is in very good agreement with the simulation results. The curvature at the growth temperature was found to be strongly influenced by the value of the intrinsic tensile strain, which is determined by the film/substrate thickness ratio.

Effect of sleep disturbance symptoms on treatment outcome in blended CBT for depression: A secondary analysis of the E-COMPARED study. (Preprint) - Jensen, Esben Skov; Ladegaard, Nicolai; Mellentin, Angelina Isabella; Ebert, David Daniel; Titzler, Ingrid; Araya, Ricardo; Cerga Pashoja, Arlinda; Hazo, Jean Baptiste; Holtzmann, Jérôme; Cieslak, Roman; Smoktunowicz, Ewelina; Baños, Rosa; et al. (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2021)
Background: Sleep disturbance symptoms (SDS) are common in major depressive disorder (MDD) and have been found to hamper the treatment effect of conventional face-to-face psychological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). To increase the dissemination of evidence-based treatment, blended CBT (bCBT) consisting of online and face-to-face treatment is on the rise for MDD patients. To date, no study has examined whether SDS has an impact on bCBT treatment outcomes and whether it affects bCBT and treatment as usual (TAU) equally. Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) whether baseline SDS have an impact on treatment outcomes independent of treatment modality, and (2) whether SDS impact bCBT and TAU in routine care equally. Methods: The study was based on data from the E-COMPARED study: a two-arm, multisite, parallel randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial. A total of 943 MDD outpatients were randomized to either (1): bCBT (n=476) or (2): TAU consisting of routine clinical MDD treatment (n=467). The primary outcome for the present study was the change of depression symptom severity at 12-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the change of depression symptom severity at 3- and 6-months follow-up and MDD diagnoses at 12-months follow-up, assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), respectively. Mixed effects models were used to examine the association of SDS with treatment outcome and treatment modality over time. Results: 558 of the 943 (59.17%) patients recruited for the study completed the 12-months follow-up assessment. On the total sample, baseline SDS did not significantly affect change in depressive symptom severity at twelve months follow-up (ß = .16, 95% CI [-.04, .36]). However, baseline SDS were negatively associated with treatment outcome for bCBT (ß = .49, 95% CI [.22, .76]) but not for TAU (ß = -.23, 95% CI [-.50, .05]) at 12-months follow-up, even when adjusting for baseline depression symptom severity. The same picture was seen for the effect of SDS on the presence of depression measured with MINI at 12-months follow-up. However, for both treatment formats baseline SDS were not associated with depression symptom severity at neither 3- (ß = .06, 95% CI [-.11, .23]) nor 6-months (ß = .09, 95% CI [-.10, .28]) follow-up. Conclusions: Baseline SDS may have a negative impact on long-term treatment outcomes in bCBT for MDD. This effect was not present for TAU. These findings suggest that special attention to SDS might be warranted when MDD is treated with bCBT. Future studies should investigate the effect of implementing modules specifically targeting SDS in bCBT for MDD to improve the long-term prognosis. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov: France: NCT02542891; Poland: NCT02389660; Spain: NCT02361684; Sweden: NCT02449447; Switzerland: NCT02410616; other clinical databases: Germany: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006866; The Netherlands: Netherlands Trials Register NTR4962; United Kingdom: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12388725; Denmark: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT027965

Effects of blue- and red-enriched light on attention and sleep in typically developing adolescents - Studer, Petra; Brucker, Judith M.; Haag, Cornelia; Van Doren, Jessica; Moll, Gunther; Heinrich, Hartmut; Kratz, Oliver (Physiology & behavior, 2019)
Differential effects of blue- and red-enriched light on attention and sleep have been primarily described in adults. In our cross-over study in typically developing adolescents (11-17 years old), we found attention enhancing effects of blue- compared to red-enriched light in the morning (high intensity of ca. 10001x, short duration: < 1 h) in two of three attention tasks: e.g. better performance in math tests and reduced reaction time variability in a computerized attention test. In our pilot study, actigraphy measures of sleep indicated slight benefits for red- compared to blue-enriched light in the evening: tendencies toward a lower number of phases with movement activity after sleep onset in the complete sample and shorter sleep onset latency in a subgroup with later evening exposure times. These findings point to the relevance of light concepts regarding attention and sleep in typically developing adolescents. Such concepts should be developed and tested further in attention demanding contexts (at school) and for therapeutic purposes in adolescents with impaired attention or impaired circadian rhythms.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-02-21

Effects of cortisol on emotional but not on neutral memory are correlated with peripheral glucocorticoid sensitivity of inflammatory cytokine production - Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Oliver (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2009)

Effects of early intervention in children at risk: Short-term and long-term findings from an attachment-based intervention program - Zwönitzer, Annabel; Ziegenhain, Ute; Bovenschen, Ina; Bressem, I.; Pillhofer, Melanie; Fegert, Jörg M.; Spangler, Gottfried; Gerlach, Jennifer; Gabler, Sandra; Künster, Anne-Katrin (Mental Health & Prevention, 2015)

Effects of emotional content on social inhibition of gaze in live social and non-social situations - Kulke, Louisa; Borges Bastos Pasqualette, Laura Beatriz (Scientific Reports, 2023)
Abstract: In real-life interactions, it is crucial that humans adequately respond to others’ emotional expressions. Emotion perception so far has mainly been studied in highly controlled laboratory tasks. However, recent research suggests that attention and gaze behaviour significantly differ between watching a person on a controlled laboratory screen compared to in real world interactions. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate effects of emotional expression on participants’ gaze in social and non-social situations. We compared looking behaviour towards a confederate showing positive, neutral or negative facial expressions between live social and non-social waiting room situations. Participants looked more often and longer to the confederate on the screen, than when physically present in the room. Expressions displayed by the confederate and individual traits (social anxiety and autistic traits) of participants did not reliably relate to gaze behaviour. Indications of covert attention also occurred more often and longer during the non-social, than during the social condition. Findings indicate that social norm is a strong factor modulating gaze behaviour in social contexts. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on September 13, 2021. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16628290 .
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-08

Effects of family risk on early attachment security: Gender-specific susceptibility and mediation by parenting behavior - Gerlach, Jennifer; Fößel, Judith M.; Vierhaus, Marc; Sann, Alexandra; Eickhorst, Andreas; Zimmermann, Peter; Spangler, Gottfried (Developmental Child Welfare, 2022)
Growing up in high-risk environments is detrimental to children’s development of attachment security. Parenting behavior is hypothesized to be the mechanism through which risks exert their influence. However, risk influences can vary between individuals by gender. Aim of this study was to explore specific pathways of family risk on early attachment security and additionally examine the transmission via parenting behavior. The sample consisted of 197 children and their primary caregivers. Children’s age ranged between 10 and 21 months (M = 15.25, SD = 3.59). Data assessment included 21 distal and proximal family risk factors, children’s attachment security, and parental responsivity and supportive presence. Whereas distal risk factors had an adverse effect only on girls’ attachment security, proximal risks negatively affected only boys’ attachment security. Additionally, patterns of risk factors occurring in our sample were analyzed using an exploratory principal component analysis. Regardless of the child’s gender, a low socio-economic status was negatively related to attachment security of all children. Migration and crowding and a high emotional load of the primary caregiver both negatively predicted girls’ but not boys’ attachment security. However, the attachment security of boys was affected by a negative family climate. Most of the adverse risk effects on attachment security were mediated by parental responsivity and supportive presence so that the transmission of risk occurs through parenting behavior. Results revealed a different susceptibility of family risks for girls and boys. The consideration of a gender-sensitive approach in developmental psychopathology and interventions of developmental child welfare services is recommended.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15
Keywords: attachment; gender effects; infancy; risk; sensitivity; toddlerhood

Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine - Kirschbaum, Clemens; Gonzales Bono, Esperanza; Rohleder, Nicolas; Gessner, Claudius; Pirke, Karl Martin; Salvador, Alicia; Hellhammer, Dirk (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1997)

Effects of Gene × Attachment Interaction on Adolescents’ Emotion Regulation and Aggressive Hostile Behavior Towards their Mothers during a Computer Game - Zimmermann, Peter; Spangler, Gottfried (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016)
Adolescence is a time of increased emotionality and major changes in emotion regulation often elicited in autonomy-relevant situations. Both genetic as well as social factors may lead to inter-individual differences in emotional processes in adolescence. We investigated whether both 5-HTTLPR and attachment security influence adolescents' observed emotionality, emotional dysregulation, and their aggressive hostile autonomy while interacting with their mothers. Eighty-eight adolescents at age 12 were observed in interaction with their mothers during a standardized, emotion eliciting computer game task. They were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR, a repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene. Concurrent attachment quality was assessed by the Late Childhood Attachment Interview (LCAI). Results revealed a significant gene × attachment effect showing that ss/sl carriers of 5-HTTLPR show increased emotional dysregulation and aggressive hostile autonomy towards their mothers. The results of the study suggest that secure attachment in adolescence moderates the genetically based higher tendency for emotional dysregulation and aggressive reactions to restrictions of autonomy during emotional social interactions with their mothers.

Effects of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care for Adults in Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Etzelmueller, Anne; Vis, Christiaan; Karyotaki, Eirini; Baumeister, Harald; Titov, Nickolai; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020)
BACKGROUND: Although there is evidence for the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), the generalizability of results to routine care is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study systematically reviews effectiveness studies of guided iCBT interventions for the treatment of depression or anxiety. METHODS: The acceptability (uptake, participants' characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction), effectiveness, and negative effects (deterioration) of nonrandomized pre-post designs conducted under routine care conditions were synthesized using systematic review and meta-analytic approaches. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies including 30 groups were included in the analysis. Despite high heterogeneity, individual effect sizes of investigated studies indicate clinically relevant changes, with effect sizes ranging from Hedges' g=0.42-1.88, with a pooled effect of 1.78 for depression and 0.94 for anxiety studies. Uptake, participants' characteristics, adherence, and satisfaction indicate a moderate to high acceptability of the interventions. The average deterioration across studies was 2.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence supporting the acceptability and effectiveness of guided iCBT for the treatment of depression and anxiety in routine care. Given the high heterogeneity between interventions and contexts, health care providers should select interventions that have been proven in randomized controlled clinical trials. The successful application of iCBT may be an effective way of increasing health care in multiple contexts.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-16
Keywords: acceptability; anxiety; depression; effectiveness; internet-based interventions; routine care

Effects of nutrition on neuro-endocrine stress responses - Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2007)

Effects of prenatal alcohol exposition on cognitive outcomes in childhood and youth: a longitudinal analysis based on meconium ethyl glucuronide. - Roetner, Jakob; Van Doren, Jessica; Maschke, Janina; Kulke, Louisa; Pontones, Constanza; Fasching, Peter A.; Beckmann, Matthias W.; Lenz, Bernd; Kratz, Oliver; Moll, Gunther; Kornhuber, Johannes; Eichler, Anna (European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2024)
BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to severe, adverse child outcomes. However, little is known regarding subclinical outcomes of low/moderate PAE and its longitudinal consequences, especially regarding neurophysiological and neurocognitive development. A newborn biomarker of PAE, meconium ethyl glucuronide (EtG), has been shown to predict cognitive impairments in primary-school-aged children. The current study investigated the ongoing effects of subclinical PAE in adolescence. METHODS: A sample of n = 96 mother-child dyads of the FRAMES/FRANCES cohort were classified into PAE/no PAE using EtG with a 10 ng/g cutoff. Mothers were recruited during pregnancy and children were assessed during primary-school age (M = 7.57, SD = 0.65, range: 6.00-9.92 years) and adolescence (M = 13.26, SD = 0.31, range: 12.79-14.20 years) on three levels: clinical (ADHD rating), neuropsychological (IQ score and performance in a go/nogo task), and neurophysiological (analysis of P3 event-related potentials (ERP) during said go/nogo task). Developmental outcomes and courses following PAE were assessed using rmANCOVAs, controlling for relevant confounders (socioeconomic status (SES), birth weight, and maternal psychopathology). RESULTS: Neurophysiological impairments emerged for exposed children in the form of diminished attentional resource recruiting in childhood and adolescence (reduced go-P3 amplitudes) with no differences in performance. Neuropsychological testing showed a reduced IQ score for both time points with dose-dependent effects in childhood. Clinical ADHD symptoms were not significantly affected. CONCLUSION: Subclinical PAE, as determined by meconium EtG, has negative developmental consequences on cognitive function that persist from childhood to adolescence. These findings suggest that there is no safe limit for alcohol consumption during pregnancy and that more thorough screening of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is necessary for early identification and treatment of at-risk children.
EVALuna2:538816

Effects of psychosocial stress on prosociality: the moderating role of current life stress and thought control - Hensel, Lisa; Rohleder, Nicolas; Niessen, Cornelia (Stress. The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 2022)
To date, only a few studies have examined whether and when stressed individuals are still prosocially motivated and willing to help others, which is in contrast to the relevance and importance that helping others has for our society. The present study investigates the impact of affective and biopsychological acute stress responses on prosociality (prosocial motivation, helping behavior) under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, it was examined whether this relationship is affected by individuals' current life stress and the cognitive ability to keep stress-related thoughts at bay. To induce acute stress responses (heart rate, negative affect, salivary alpha-amylase, cortisol), 55 individuals (28 women, M = 24 years old, SD = 4.53) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Current life stress (cortisol) was assessed over two days of participants' everyday lives. Thought control ability was assessed with the think/no-think paradigm and was additionally manipulated after the acute stress intervention (TSST) via instructions. The results showed that acute stress was positively associated with prosociality. Specifically, negative affect was positively related to prosocial motivation and salivary alpha-amylase was positively associated with helping behavior. Current life stress moderated the relationship between salivary cortisol and helping behavior: the association was positive at low levels of current life stress. The instruction to control one's thoughts but not participants' general ability to do so reduced stress responses (negative affect). In sum, the findings suggest that prosociality increases following acute stress and that this effect depends on the level of current life stress. Additionally, adopting the strategy of controlling stress-related thoughts was found to be promising for attenuating individuals' stress responses.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-01

Effects of sugarless chewing gum as a stimulant on progesterone, cortisol, and testosterone concentrations assessed in saliva - Schultheiss, Oliver (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2013)
Sugarless chewing gum is a frequently used stimulant to collect saliva samples for hormone analyses. This study tested the effect of sugarless chewing gum on cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone concentrations measured in saliva samples collected from 8 individuals at different times of the day (morning, evening) and under different collection conditions (gum, no gum) as well as in a saliva pool and water, either untreated or treated with chewing gum. Sugarless chewing gum raised all progesterone concentrations by 20 to 40 pg/mL, corresponding to a twofold increase, relative to no-gum controls and attenuated salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations. It is recommended that the use of sugarless chewing gum as a stimulant should be avoided with salivasamplesSugarless chewing gum is a frequently used stimulant to collect saliva samples for hormone analyses. This study tested the effect of sugarless chewing gum on cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone concentrations measured in saliva samples collected from 8 individuals at different times of the day (morning, evening) and under different collection conditions (gum, no gum) as well as in a saliva pool and water, either untreated or treated with chewing gum. Sugarless chewing gum raised all progesterone concentrations by 20 to 40 pg/mL, corresponding to a twofold increase, relative to no-gum controls and attenuated salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations. It is recommended that the use of sugarless chewing gum as a stimulant should be avoided with salivasamples.
Keywords: Salivary hormone assay Testosterone Cortisol Progesterone Chewing gum Saliva collection

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on craving, heart-rate variability and prefrontal hemodynamics during smoking cue exposure - Kroczek, A. M.; Haeussinger, F. B.; Rohe, Tim; Schneider, S.; Plewnia, Christian; Batra, A.; Fallgatter, A. J.; Ehlis, A. -C. (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016)
Keywords: tDCS; Smokers; Craving; fNIRS; Heart rate variability; Cue exposure; Cue reactivity

Effects of video-based patient preparation for MRI on clinical processes and patient experience. - Madl, Janika; Janka, Rolf Matthias; Bay, Susanne; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Rohleder, Nicolas (European Journal of Radiology, 2022)
To determine whether video-based informational or relaxational preparation reduces the number of unexpected patient-related events and scan duration more efficiently, and to assess how patients evaluate the interventions. We randomized 142 adult patients (mean age: 48 ± 16 years) to three groups. The control group (n = 48, 33.8 %) received standard care. The intervention groups watched an informational (n = 50, 35.2 %) or relaxational (n = 44, 31.0 %) video while awaiting their MRI examination. We recorded scan duration, number of motion artifacts/sequence repetitions, and patient-related incidents (e.g., interruptions, premature termination). Subjective evaluation of the interventions was provided by the patients after MRI completion. Mean scan duration for the control, relaxation, and information group was 39.38 ± 16.62 min, 32.59 ± 11.67 min, and 34.54 ± 11.91 min. Compared to the control group, scan duration was significantly shorter in the relaxation, but not in the information group (relaxation vs control: p =.019; information vs control: p =.082). The information and relaxation group did not differ significantly (p =.704). In 35 (24.6 %) patients, one or more sequences were repeated; incidents occurred in six (4.2 %) patients. Neither the frequency of repeated sequences nor incidents differed between the groups (all p >.239). Patients evaluated both videos very positively; the information video received even better evaluations (all p <.027). Additional preparation, especially information, is perceived very positively by patients and at least relaxational preparation may have a positive impact on clinical operations. PURPOSE METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION

EFFEKT-E: Wirksamkeit eines Präventionsprogramms für Kinder emotional belasteter Mütter - Bühler, Anneke; Kötter, Charlotte; Stemmler, Mark; Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich (Gesundheitswesen, 2015)
Projektziel war es, ein wirksames selektives Präventionsprogramm für Kinder depressiver Mütter zu entwickeln. Mittels eines quasiexperimentellen Evaluationsdesigns wurde das auf Basis eines universellen Programms neu entwickelte Mütter- und Kindertraining in 13 Mutter-Kind-Kliniken evaluiert. Es zeigte sich, dass das depressionsspezifische Programm EFFEKT-E seine Zielgruppe erreicht und von ihr akzeptiert wird, sich gut in die Regelleistungen integrieren lässt und kurz- und längerfristige Effekte auf die mütterliche Kompetenz sowie auf emotionale Probleme von Kindern erreicht.
Keywords: selektive Prävention; familienorientiert; Depression; Verhaltensprobleme; Kinder; depressive Mütter

EFFEKT®-Interkulturell : Implementierung und Evaluation eines präventiven Kinder- und Elterntrainings an Grundschulen mit einem hohen Anteil von Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund - Runkel, Daniela (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2009)
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Durchführung und Evaluation des Präventionsprogramms EFFEKT®-Interkulturell an zwei Schulen in sogenannten „Brennpunktgebieten“ mit einem Anteil von Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund von über 60%. Bei den Kursen handelt es sich um eine Adaption des Programms EFFEKT® (Entwicklungsförderung in Familien: Eltern- und Kinder-Training; Lösel, Beelmann, Stemmler & Jaursch, 2006). Die eher universell als selektiv präventiv konzipierten Trainings zielen auf die Prävention sozialer Verhaltensprobleme der Kinder, die Förderung sozialer Kompetenzen und die Stärkung der elterlichen Erziehungskompetenz ab. An der Untersuchung im Kontext der Erlangen-Nürnberger Entwicklungs- und Präventionsstudie nahmen 195 Erstklässler und deren Eltern teil. Die Kinder der Trainingsgruppe wurden über einen Zeitraum von fünf Wochen zweimal pro Woche in insgesamt zehn Einheiten des sozialen Kompetenztrainings IKPL (Ich kann Probleme lösen) trainiert. Das Elterntraining erstreckte sich über sechs Wochen mit je einer wöchentlichen Sitzung. Beide Maßnahmen wurden im schulischen Kontext umgesetzt. Die Evaluation der vorliegenden Studie umfasst sowohl eine Machbarkeits- (Implementierung) als auch eine Wirksamkeitsanalyse (Prozess- und Wirkungsevaluation). Die Wirkungsevaluation (intent-to-treat-Analysen) erfolgte anhand eines quasiexperimentellen Designs (drei Messzeitpunkte; Prä-post-follow-up-Design) mit parallelisierter Kontrollgruppe. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gelungene Implementierung von EFFEKT®-Interkulturell. Hinsichtlich der Effektivität zeigte sich in der Prozessevaluation, dass sich das Problemverhalten der Kinder signifikant verringerte, während das sozial kompetente Verhalten zunahm. In den Ergebnissen der Posttestmessung (Lehrerurteil) zeichnete sich hinsichtlich der Verringerung des Problemverhaltens – im Gegensatz zu den Ergebnissen für sozial kompetentes Verhalten – nur ein äußerst geringer Effekt ab. Kein signifikanter Trainingseffekt ergab sich in den Einschätzungen der Mütter. Deutlich höhere Effekte wurden bezüglich der sozialen Problemlösefertigkeit der Kinder erzielt. In der Follow-up-Messung nach sechs Monaten führten die Trainings zu signifikanten positiven (Sleeper)-Effekten hinsichtlich Emotionaler Störungen, Externalisierenden Verhaltens, des Gesamtproblemwerts sowie sozial kompetenter Verhaltensweisen. Je nach Art des erhaltenen Treatments wurden in Bezug auf den Gesamtproblemwert Effektstärken zwischen ES = .31 und ES = .49 erreicht, wobei die Effekte bei der Kombination von Kinder- und Elternkurs am deutlichsten ausfielen. Zudem profitierten Kinder mit hohen Ausgangswerten stärker von den Trainings. In Abhängigkeit vom Geschlecht und Migrationshintergrund zeigten sich hingegen inkonsistente Ergebnisse.
Keywords: Elterntraining; Verhaltensprobleme; child training; migration; parent training; prevention; social skills; Evaluation; Grundschule; Kindertraining; Migration; Migrationshintergrund; Prävention; Sozialkompetenz

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an unguided, internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial - Kählke, Fanny; Berger, Thomas; Schulz, Ava; Baumeister, Harald; Berking, Matthias; Cuijpers, Pim; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Auerbach, Randy P.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Ebert, David (BMC Psychiatry, 2019)
Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is highly prevalent among university students, but the majority of affected students remain untreated. Internet- and mobile-based self-help interventions (IMIs) may be a promising strategy to address this unmet need. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an unguided internet-based treatment for SAD among university students. The intervention is optimized for the treatment of university students and includes one module targeting fear of positive evaluations that is a neglected aspect of SAD treatment. Methods: The study is a two arm randomized controlled trial in which 200 university students with a primary diagnosis of SAD will be assigned randomly to either a wait-list control group (WLC) or the intervention group (IG). The intervention consists of 9 sessions of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment, which also includes a module on fear of positive evaluation (FPE). Guidance is delivered only on the basis of standardized automatic messages, consisting of positive reinforcements for session completion, reminders, and motivational messages in response to non-adherence. All participants will additionally have full access to treatment as usual. Diagnostic status will be assessed through Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM Disorders (SCID). Assessments will be completed at baseline, 10 weeks and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be SAD symptoms at post-treatment, assessed via the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Secondary outcomes will include diagnostic status, depression, quality of life and fear of positive evaluation. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will be evaluated from a societal and health provider perspective. Discussion: Results of this study will contribute to growing evidence for the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of unguided IMIs for the treatment of SAD in university students. Consequently, this trial may provide valuable information for policy makers and clinicians regarding the allocation of limited treatment resources to such interventions. Trial registration: DRKS00011424 (German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)) Registered 14/12/2016.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-09
Keywords: Economic evaluation; Internet-based treatment; Randomized controlled trial; Self-help; Social anxiety disorder; Social phobia; Unguided self-help; University students

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based indicated transdiagnostic prevention of depression and anxiety (ICare Prevent): A three-armed randomized controlled trial in four European countries - Weisel, Kiona; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berger, Thomas; Krieger, Tobias; Schaub, Michael P.; Moser, Christian T.; Berking, Matthias; Dey, Michelle; Botella, Cristina; Banos, Rosa; Herrero, Rocio; Etchemendy, Ernestina; et al. (Internet Interventions, 2019)
Background: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and often co-occur. Several studies indicate the potential of disorder-specific psychological interventions for the prevention of each of these disorders. To treat comorbidity, transdiagnostic treatment concepts seem to be a promising approach, however, evidence for transdiagnostic concepts of prevention remains inconclusive. Internet-and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) may be an effective means to deliver psychological interventions on a large scale for the prevention of common mental disorders (CMDs) such as depression and anxiety. IMIs have been shown to be effective in treating CMDs, e.g. in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, there is a lack of studies examining the efficacy of interventions reducing the incidence of CMDs. Moreover, the comparative cost-effectiveness of guided versus unguided IMIs for the prevention of depression and anxiety has not been studied yet. Hence, this study aims at investigating the (cost-) effectiveness of guided and unguided internet-and mobile-based transdiagnostic individually tailored indicated prevention of depression and anxiety.Methods: A multi-country three-armed randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare a guided and unguided intervention to treatment as usual (TAU). Both active conditions are based on the same intervention, ICare Prevent, and differ only with regard to guidance format. Altogether, 954 individuals with subclinical symptoms of depression (CES-D >= 16) and anxiety (GAD-7 >= 5) who do not have a full-blown disorder will be recruited in Germany, Switzerland, Spain and the Netherlands, and randomized to one of three conditions (guided intervention, unguided intervention, or TAU). The TAU arm will receive access to the training after a 12-month waiting period. The primary outcome will be time to CMD onset (any depression/anxiety disorder) within a follow-up period of 12 months after baseline. Secondary outcomes will include disorder-specific symptom severity (depression/anxiety) assessed by diagnostic raters blinded to intervention condition at post-intervention, self-reports, acceptability, health related quality of life, and psychosocial variables associated with developing a CMD. Assessments will take place at baseline, mid-intervention (5 weeks into the intervention), post- intervention (8 weeks after randomization) and follow-up (6 and 12 months after randomization). Data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis and per protocol. Cost-effectiveness will be evaluated from a public health and a societal perspective, including both direct and indirect costs.Discussion: The present study will further enhance the evidence-base for transdiagnostic preventive interventions and provide valuable information about optimal trade-off between treatment outcome and costs. Trial registration: German Clinical Trial Registration (DRKS - http://www.drks.de/drks_web/): DRKS00011099.
Keywords: Prevention; Transdiagnostic; Depression; Anxiety; Internet-based; Randomized controlled trial

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of minimal guided and unguided internet-based mobile supported stress-management in employees with occupational stress: a three-armed randomised controlled trial - Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Smit, Filip; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Heleen, Riper; Heber, Elena; Cuijpers, Pim; Berking, Matthias (BMC Public Health, 2014)
Discussion: Online-based (guided) self-help interventions could be an acceptable, effective and economically sustainable approach to offer evidence-based intervention alternatives to reduce the negative consequences associated with work-related stress. This study evaluates the (cost-) effectiveness of two versions of an iSMI, minimal guided and unguided iSMI. Thus, the present study will further enhance the evidence-base for iSMI and provide valuable information about the optimal balance between outcome and economic costs.
Keywords: Guided self-help; Unguided self-help; Occupational health; Stress management; Internet-based; Randomised controlled trial; Cost-effectiveness

Efficacy and Moderators of Internet-Based Interventions in Adults with Subthreshold Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials - Reins, Jo Annika; Buntrock, Claudia; Zimmermann, Johannes; Grund, Simon; Harrer, Mathias; Lehr, Dirk; Baumeister, Harald; Weisel, Kiona; Domhardt, Matthias; Imamura, Kotaro; Kawakami, Norito; Spek, Viola; et al. (Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2020)
Introduction: Evidence on effects of Internet-based interventions to treat subthreshold depression (sD) and prevent the onset of major depression (MDD) is inconsistent. Objective: We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to determine differences between intervention and control groups (IG, CG) in depressive symptom severity (DSS), treatment response, close to symptom-free status, symptom deterioration and MDD onset as well as moderators of intervention outcomes. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were identified through systematic searches via PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library. Multilevel regression analyses were used to examine efficacy and moderators. Results: Seven trials (2,186 participants) were included. The IG was superior in DSS at all measurement points (posttreatment: 6-12 weeks; Hedges' g = 0.39 [95% CI: 0.25-0.53]; follow-up 1: 3-6 months; g = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.15-0.45]; follow-up 2: 12 months, g = 0.27 [95% CI: 0.07-0.47], compared with the CG. Significantly more participants in the IG than in the CG reached response and close to symptom-free status at all measurement points. A significant difference in symptom deterioration between the groups was found at the posttreatment assessment and follow-up 2. Incidence rates for MDD onset within 12 months were lower in the IG (19%) than in the CG (26%). Higher initial DSS and older age were identified as moderators of intervention effect on DSS. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence for Internet-based interventions to be a suitable low-threshold intervention to treat individuals with sD and to reduce the incidence of MDD. This might be particularly true for older people with a substantial symptom burden.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-10
Keywords: eHealth; Individual participant data meta-analysis; Minor depression; Moderators; Online therapy; Subclinical depression

Efficacy of a hybrid online training for panic symptoms and agoraphobia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Ebenfeld, Lara; Stegemann, Stefan Kleine; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David Daniel; Jazaieri, Hooria; Van Ballegooijen, Wouter; Funk, Burkhardt; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias (Trials, 2014)
Discussion: To our knowledge, this RCT is one of the first to examine the efficacy of a hybrid online training for adult PD. This study seeks to contribute to the emerging field of hybrid online training. If the intervention is efficacious, then research on this hybrid online training should be extended. The cost-effectiveness analysis will also indicate whether online training is an economical tool for treating PD among adults.
Keywords: Panic disorder; Agoraphobia; Sub-clinical; Internet; Mobile; Smartphone; Hybrid

Efficacy of a minimally guided internet treatment for alcohol misuse and emotional problems in young adults: Results of a randomized controlled trial - Frohlich, Jona R.; Rapinda, Karli K.; Schaub, Michael P.; Wenger, Andreas; Baumgartner, Christian; Johnson, Edward A.; O'Connor, Roisin M.; Vincent, Norah; Blankers, Matthijs; Ebert, David; Hadjistavropoulos, Heather D.; Mackenzie, Corey S.; et al. (Addictive Behaviors Reports, 2021)
Objective: Many young adults struggle with comorbid alcohol misuse and emotional problems (i.e., depression and anxiety). However, there is currently a paucity of evidence-based, integrated, accessible treatment options for individuals with these comorbidities. The main goal of this study was to examine efficacy of a novel online, minimally guided, integrated program for comorbid alcohol misuse and emotional problems in young adults. Method: The study was an open-label two-arm RCT. Participants (N = 222, Mage = 24.6, 67.6% female) were randomized to one of two conditions: the Take Care of Me program (an 8-week, online integrated treatment condition consisting of 12 modules), or an online psychoeducational control condition. Intervention modules incorporated content based on principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Participants completed assessment data at baseline, at the end of treatment (i.e., 8 weeks), and at follow-up (i.e., 24 weeks). Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Results: We observed that participants in the treatment condition showed larger reductions in depression, hazardous drinking, as well as increases in psychological quality of life and confidence at the end of treatment. We did not find group differences on total alcohol use at follow-up, but participants in the treatment group reduced their hazardous drinking and improved their quality of life at 24-week follow-up. Conclusions: Our study provides promising initial evidence for the first iteration of the comorbid alcohol misuse and emotional problems online program.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-19
Keywords: Alcohol misuse; Anxiety; Cognitive behavioural therapy; Depression; Emerging adulthood; Integrated treatment; Minimally guided; Motivational interviewing; Online

Efficacy of an internet and app-based gratitude intervention in reducing repetitive negative thinking and mechanisms of change in the intervention's effect on anxiety and depression: Results from a randomized controlled trial - Heckendorf, Hanna; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David; Freund, Henning (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019)
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been identified as a transdiagnostic process that is involved in various forms of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression. This randomized controlled trial compared a 5-week internet and app-based gratitude intervention (intervention group; IG) with adherence-focused guidance against a wait list control group (WLG) in reducing RNT in a sample with elevated RNT. Method: A total of 260 individuals were randomized to either the IG or the WLG. Data were collected at baseline (T1), within one week post intervention (T2), and at three (3-MFU) and six-months of follow-up (6-MFU; for IG only). The primary outcome was RNT. Secondary outcomes included other mental health outcomes and resilience factors. Results: Participants of the IG reported significantly less RNT at T2 (d = 0.61) and 3-MFU (d = 0.75) as compared to WLG. Improvements were sustained until 6-MFU. Significant, small to moderate effect sizes were identified for most secondary outcomes at T2 and 3-MFU. Furthermore, results of mediation analyses revealed that the gratitude intervention exerts its effect on anxiety and depression by reducing the risk factor of RNT, while the mediating role of resilience was less clear. Conclusions: The gratitude intervention investigated in this study was found to be effective in reducing RNT. Gratitude interventions might affect mental health by two parallel pathways: increasing resources and reducing risk factors. Reference number Ethics Committee of the University of Lueneburg: EB 201701-03-Lehr. Clinical trial registration number: DRKS00011862. The trial protocol can be assessed at: https://www.drks.de/.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-06-21
Keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Gratitude; Internet-based; Repetitive negative thinking; Transdiagnostic

Efficacy of an internet-based problem-solving training for teachers: results of a randomized controlled trial - Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Boss, Leif; Riper, Heleen; Cuijpers, Pim; Andersson, Gerhard; Thiart, Hanne; Heber, Elena; Berking, Matthias (Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 2014)
Conclusion iPST is effective in reducing symptoms of depression among teachers. Disseminated on a large scale, iPST could contribute to reducing the burden of stress-related mental health problems among teachers. Future studies should evaluate iPST approaches for use in other working populations.
Keywords: depression; depressive symptom; mental health; occupational health; RCT; web-based

Efficacy of an internet-based self-help intervention to reduce co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in adults: Study protocol of a three-arm randomised controlled trial - Schaub, Michael P.; Blankers, Matthijs; Lehr, Dirk; Boss, Leif; Riper, Heleen; Dekker, Jack; Goudriaan, Anna E.; Maier, Larissa J.; Haug, Severin; Amann, Manuel; Dey, Michelle; Wenger, Andreas; et al. (BMJ Open, 2016)
Introduction: In the general population, alcohol use disorder and depression more often occur together than any other combination of a mental illness with a substance use disorder. It is important to have a cost-effective intervention that is able to reach at-risk individuals in the early stages of developing alcohol use disorders and depression disorders. Methods and analysis: This paper presents the protocol for a 3-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) to test the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the combined internet-based self-help intervention Take Care of You (TCOY) to reduce alcohol misuse and depression symptoms in comparison with a waiting list control group and a comparable intervention focusing on problematic alcohol use only. The active interventions consist of modules designed to reduce alcohol use, based on the principles of motivational interviewing and methods of cognitive behavioural therapy, together with additional modules in the combined study arm to reduce symptoms of depression. Data will be collected at baseline, as well as at 3 and 6 months postrandomisation. The primary outcome is the quantity of alcohol used in the past 7 days. A number of secondary outcome measures will be studied. These include the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) and a combined measure with the criteria of values below the cut-off for severe alcohol use disorder and for CES-D. Data analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle using (generalised) linear mixed models. In order to investigate the interventions' cost-utility and cost-effectiveness, a full economic evaluation will be performed. Ethics and dissemination: This RCT will be executed in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by 2 local Ethics Committees. Results will be reported at conferences and in peer-reviewed publications. Participant-friendly summaries of trial findings will be published on the TCOY websites. Trial registration number: ISRCTN10323951.

Efficacy of an unguided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder in university students: A randomized controlled trial. - Kählke, Fanny; Berger, Thomas; Schulz, Ava; Baumeister, Harald; Berking, Matthias; Auerbach, Randy P.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Cuijpers, Pim; Kessler, Ronald C.; Ebert, David (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2019)
Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) offer the opportunity to deliver mental health treatments on a large scale. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an unguided IMI (StudiCare SAD) for university students with social anxiety disorder (SAD). University students (N = 200) diagnosed with SAD were randomly assigned to an IMI or a waitlist control group (WLC) with full access to treatment as usual. StudiCare SAD consists of nine sessions. The primary outcome was SAD symptoms at posttreatment (10 weeks), assessed via the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Secondary outcomes included depression, quality of life, fear of positive evaluation, general psychopathology, and interpersonal problems. Results indicated moderate to large effect sizes in favor of StudiCare SAD compared with WLC for SAD at posttest for the primary outcomes (SPS: d = 0.76; SIAS: d = 0.55, p < 0.001). Effects on all secondary outcomes were significant and in favor of the intervention group. StudiCare SAD has proven effective in reducing SAD symptoms in university students. Providing IMIs may be a promising way to reach university students with SAD at an early stage with an effective treatment. OBJECTIVES METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSION

Efficacy of a smartphone-based Cognitive Bias Modification program for emotion regulation: A randomized-controlled crossover trial - Dietel, Fanny Alexandra; Rupprecht, Raphael; Seriyo, Alexander Mohamed; Post, Malte; Sudhoff, Bastian; Reichart, Jacqueline; Berking, Matthias; Buhlmann, Ulrike (Internet Interventions, 2024)
Previous research has identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a key factor in psychopathology. Thus, addressing emotion regulation via scalable, low-threshold digital interventions – such as smartphone-based Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) – holds important therapeutic potential. Using a randomized-controlled crossover trial, we tested the efficacy of an integrated CBM module within the Affect Regulation Training (ART, i.e., CBM-ART) that targeted emotion regulation through elements of appraisal-based and approach avoidance training. Undergraduate students reporting elevated stress were randomized to a one-week active intervention (Mindgames; including psychoeducation, a quiz, and CBM-ART; n = 40), active control training (Emo Shape; including placebo psychoeducation, a quiz, and a placebo swiping task; n = 36) or waitlist (n = 25). Before and after the intervention, we assessed emotion regulation, interpretation bias, stress and depression. We further tested post-training stress reactivity using an anagram task. Results indicated that the active intervention improved negative (OR = 0.35) and positive (OR = 2.40) interpretation biases and symptom measures (d = 0.52–0.87). However, active control training showed attenuated concurrent pre-post changes on interpretation biases (i.e., OR = 0.53 for negative, and OR = 1.49 for positive interpretations) and symptom measures (d = 0.26–0.91). The active intervention was rated positively in terms of acceptability and usability. These findings provide initial evidence for the efficacy and acceptability of an integrated app-based CBM intervention for emotion regulation in reducing interpretation biases and psychopathological symptoms, including stress. However, future studies should disentangle specific mechanisms underlying interventional effects.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-02-23
Keywords: Affect regulation training; Cognitive Bias Modification; E-mental health; Emotion regulation; Stress

Efficacy of a web-based intervention with and without guidance for employees with risky drinking: results of a three-arm randomized controlled trial. - Boss, Leif; Lehr, Dirk; Schaub, Michael Patrick; Castro, Raquel Paz; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Addiction, 2018)
To test the efficacy of a web-based alcohol intervention with and without guidance. Three parallel groups with primary end-point after 6 weeks. Open recruitment in the German working population. Adults (178 males/256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 21/14 weekly standard units of alcohol (SUA) and scoring ≥ 8/6 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five web-based modules including personalized normative feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem-solving and emotion regulation during 5 weeks. One intervention group received an unguided self-help version (n=146) and the second received additional adherence-focused guidance by eCoaches (n=144). Controls were on a waiting list with full access to usual care (n=144). Primary outcome was weekly consumed SUA after 6 weeks. SUA after 6 months was examined as secondary outcome, next to numbers of participants drinking within the low-risk range, and general and work-specific mental health measures. All groups showed reductions of mean weekly SUA after 6 weeks (unguided: -8.0; guided: -8.5; control: -3.2). There was no significant difference between the unguided and guided intervention (P=0.324). Participants in the combined intervention group reported significantly fewer SUA than controls [B=-4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-7.02 to -2.68, P < 0.001]. The intervention groups also showed significant reductions in SUA consumption after 6 months (B=-5.72, 95% CI=-7.71 to -3.73, P < 0.001) and improvements regarding general and work-related mental health outcomes after 6 weeks and 6 months. A web-based alcohol intervention, administered with or without personal guidance, significantly reduced mean weekly alcohol consumption and improved mental health and work-related outcomes in the German working population. AIMS DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS INTERVENTION MEASUREMENTS FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS

Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention With Mobile Phone Support in Treating Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial - Stephanie, Nobis; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David; Baumeister, Harald; Snoek, Frank; Heleen, Riper; Berking, Matthias (Diabetes Care, 2015)
OBJECTIVEDepression is common in diabetes and linked to adverse health outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention in reducing depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 260 participants with diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D 23]) were randomly assigned to the GET.ON Mood Enhancer Diabetes (a guided self-help intervention, n = 130) or a brief online unguided psychoeducation program for depression (n = 130). The primary outcome was depressive symptoms severity (CES-D). The secondary outcomes included diabetes-specific emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] scale) and participant satisfaction (adaption CSQ-8). Data were collected at baseline and 2 months after randomization. To identify differences in outcome between the groups, we used analyses of covariance with the baseline CES-D score as covariate on both intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) basis.RESULTSCompared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly less depressive symptom severity at posttreatment based on ITT (d = 0.89) and PP analyses (d = 1.00). The intervention participants displayed a significantly larger reduction in diabetes-specific emotional distress (d = 0.58, ITT). The intervention appeared to be acceptable to the participants; 95% (n = 121) would recommend the training to a friend with diabetes in need of psychological help.CONCLUSIONSA guided, web-based intervention to reduce depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is effective in reducing both depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific emotional distress.

Efficacy of internet-based guided treatment for genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder: Rationale, treatment protocol, and design of a randomized controlled trial - Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2018)
Keywords: Dyspareunia; Internet intervention; Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder; Sexual dysfunction; Randomized controlled trial; Vaginismus

Efficacy of Internet-Based Treatment for Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial - Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David Daniel (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2021)
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based treatment for Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD) which adversely affects women's sexuality and is associated with reduced well-being and mental health comorbidities. Method: Two-hundred women with GPPPD (no penetrative intercourse >= 6 months) were randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG) or a waitlist control group (WCG). The intervention included eight modules and one booster session and was delivered through an eHealth platform. Participants were supported by an eCoach regarding treatment adherence. The primary outcome was intercourse penetration behavior. Online assessments were scheduled at baseline (T1), after Session 8/12 weeks (T2), and 6 months (T3) after randomization. Intention-to-treat analyses were reported. Results: Significantly more participants (31.00%, n = 31/100) in the IG were able to have sexual intercourse at T2 compared to those in the WCG, 13.00%, n = 13/100; chi(2)(1) = 9.44, p < .01. At T3, still more participants in the IG had sexual intercourse (29%) compared to those in the WCG (20%) but the groups no longer differed significantly, chi(2)(1) = 2.19, p = .19. Genital pain, painful and noncoital penetration behavior, and negative penetration-related cognitions significantly improved with medium to large effects at T2 (d = 0.66-1.25) and small to large effects at T3 (d = 0.23-1.32), whereas fear of sexuality, overall sexual functioning, trait anxiety, and well-being improved with small to medium effects (T2: d = 0.20-0.49, T3: d = 0.23-0.46) in the IG compared to the WCG. On average, participants completed 79% of the intervention. Conclusion: Internet-based treatment has been shown to be effective for GPPPD symptoms and could therefore be a promising treatment modality.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-17

Efficacy of temporally intensified exposure for anxiety disorders: A multicenter randomized clinical trial - Pittig, Andre; Heinig, Ingmar; Goerigk, Stephan; Thiel, Freya; Hummel, Katrin; Scholl, Lucie; Deckert, Jurgen; Pauli, Paul; Domschke, Katharina; Lueken, Ulrike; Fydrich, Thomas; Fehm, Lydia; et al. (Depression and Anxiety, 2021)
Background: The need to optimize exposure treatments for anxiety disorders may be addressed by temporally intensified exposure sessions. Effects on symptom reduction and public health benefits should be examined across different anxiety disorders with comorbid conditions. Methods: This multicenter randomized controlled trial compared two variants of prediction error-based exposure therapy (PeEx) in various anxiety disorders (both 12 sessions + 2 booster sessions, 100 min/session): temporally intensified exposure (PeEx-I) with exposure sessions condensed to 2 weeks (n = 358) and standard nonintensified exposure (PeEx-S) with weekly exposure sessions (n = 368). Primary outcomes were anxiety symptoms (pre, post, and 6-months follow-up). Secondary outcomes were global severity (across sessions), quality of life, disability days, and comorbid depression. Results: Both treatments resulted in substantial improvements at post (PeEx-I: dwithin = 1.50, PeEx-S: dwithin = 1.78) and follow-up (PeEx-I: dwithin = 2.34; PeEx-S: dwithin = 2.03). Both groups showed formally equivalent symptom reduction at post and follow-up. However, time until response during treatment was 32% shorter in PeEx-I (median = 68 days) than PeEx-S (108 days; TRPeEx-I = 0.68). Interestingly, drop-out rates were lower during intensified exposure. PeEx-I was also superior in reducing disability days and improving quality of life at follow-up without increasing relapse. Conclusions: Both treatment variants focusing on the transdiagnostic exposure-based violation of threat beliefs were effective in reducing symptom severity and disability in severe anxiety disorders. Temporally intensified exposure resulted in faster treatment response with substantial public health benefits and lower drop-out during the exposure phase, without higher relapse. Clinicians can expect better or at least comparable outcomes when delivering exposure in a temporally intensified manner.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: anxiety disorders; exposure therapy; intensified treatment; public health; randomized controlled trial

Efficient ways to impute incomplete panel data - Kleinke, Kristian; Stemmler, Mark; Reinecke, Jost; Lösel, Friedrich (Advances in Statistical Analysis, 2011)
We find that existing multiple imputation procedures that are currently im- plemented in major statistical packages and that are available to the wide majority of data analysts are limited with regard to handling incomplete panel data. We review various missing data methods that we deem useful for the analysis of incomplete panel data and discuss, how some of the shortcomings of existing procedures can be overcome. In a simulation study based on real panel data, we illustrate these proce- dures’ quality and outline fruitful avenues of future research.

Effort-reward-imbalance in healthy teachers is associated with higher LPS-stimulated production and lower glucocorticoid sensitivity of interleukin-6 in vitro - Bellingrath, Silja Bellingrath; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kudielka, Brigitte (Biological Psychology, 2013)

Eigentumsdelikte - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Forensische Psychiatrie und Psychologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, 2003)
Bei Eigentumsdelikten wird einem Eigentümer eine Sache entzogen, beschädigt oder zerstört. In nicht ganz scharfer Abgrenzung unterscheiden sich von ihnen Vermögensdelikte dadurch, daß der Täter nicht unmittelbar die Sache angreift, sondern die vermögensrechtliche Lage des Opfers verschlechtert (Kürzinger 1993). Die wichtigsten Eigentumsdelikte sind einfacher Diebstahl und Diebstahl unter erschwerenden Umständen („schwerer“ Diebstahl), Unterschlagung, Sachbeschädigung, Brandstiftung und unbefugter Gebrauch von Kraftfahrzeugen, während unter Vermögensdelikten vor allem Betrug, Untreue, Hehlerei, Wucher, Wilderei und Ausbeutung Minderjähriger subsumiert werden. Psychologische Aspekte machen allerdings die Grenzen juristischer Deliktklassen fließend. So ist z. B. der Raub partiell als Eigentumsdelikt und die Erpressung als Vermögensdelikt zu verstehen, wenngleich sie wegen des angewandten Zwangs der Gewaltkriminalität zugerechnet werden. Gerade bei Raubdelikten unter Jugendlichen, wenn z.B. Baseball-Kappen unter Drohung weggenommen oder weggerissen werden, sind die phänomenalen Unterschiede zur Eigentumsdelinquenz teilweise gering. Umgekehrt können Sachbeschädigung und Brandstiftung eine stark aggressive Komponente enthalten, ohne daß sie als Gewaltdelikte i.e.S. bezeichnet werden. Ein nicht unerheblicher Teil der Eigentumsdelinquenz muß als Beschaffungskriminalität auch im Zusammenhang mit Drogendelikten gesehen werden.

Eine mikrosoziologisch inspirierte empirische Annäherung an die positive Generalprävention: Panelanalysen aus Deutschland mit gemischten Befunden - Hirtenlehner, Helmut; Reinecke, Jost; Stemmler, Mark (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2023)
Positive general prevention assumes that observable criminal punishment stabilizes the audience s moral values, which in turn fosters compliance with the law. This harmonizes with a chain of relationships on the individual level according to which people s sanction risk estimates influence their acceptance of legal rules, with the latter facilitating adherence to the law. Despite the significance of the idea of positive general prevention in the jurisprudential discourse, only scant empirical research is dedicated to the issue. Hence, the impact chain outlined above is tested here with panel data from adolescents living in Dortmund or Nuremberg. Lagged path analyses corroborate the hypothesized effect sequence for shoplifting (with weak relationships in the expected direction), but not for physical assault. These findings are interpreted as partially supportive of the notion of positive general prevention. The hypothesis that delinquent friends transmit information about the widespread impunity of criminal behavior and thus attenuate an individual s commitment to the rules of law accords also well with the idea of positive general prevention. Lagged analyses confirm for physical assault, but not for shoplift-ing, that association with delinquent peers erodes young people s personal acceptance of legal norms.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-14
Keywords: norm acceptance; panel analysis; peer delinquency; positive general prevention

Einfluss der Machtposition auf Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungen bei Frauen und Männern - Göbel, Kyra; Janson, Johanna (2013)

Ein kritisches Review der traditionellen Hochbegabungsberatung - Harder, Bettina (Konzepte der Hochbegabtenberatung in der Praxis, 2012)

Ein kurzer Leistungstest zur Erfassung von Störungen des Gedächtnisses und der Aufmerksamkeit SKT Manual Edition 2015 – und der regressionsbasierte Ansatz - Stemmler, Mark; Lehfeld, Hartmut; Siebert, Jelena; Horn, Ralf (Diagnostica, 2017)

Ein Modell literarästhetischer Urteilskompetenz. - Frederking, Volker; Meier, Christel; Stanat, Petra; Dickhäuser, Oliver; et al. (Didaktik Deutsch: Halbjahresschrift für Didaktik der deutschen Sprache und Literatur, 2008)

Ein ontologiebasierter Ansatz zur Wissensrepräsentation für die smarte Produktentwicklung - Sauer, Christopher; Kügler, Patricia; Kestel, Philipp; Graf, Michaela; Göbel, Kyra; Niessen, Cornelia; Schleich, Benjamin; Wartzack, Sandro (Tagungsband 16. Gemeinsames Kolloquium Konstruktionstechnik, 2018)
The amount of knowledge shared between or inside engineering design teams, often working in different engineering environments, needs to be increased. For instance, such knowledge refers to design-relevant manufacturing knowledge or methods for checking the properties and the behaviour of components using numerical simulations. An efficient knowledge exchange is essential. To support this new collaborative design approach, this contribution proposes an interface in engineering design, which provides all relevant knowledge to a design. It is based on the knowledge representation employing ontologies. The novelty of the presented approach can be found in using an ontology for the relevant engineering design knowledge and in the description of the whole ontology design process.<br
Keywords: Smart Engineering; Knowledge Management; Transparency; Ontologies

Einschätzung der Eignung und Vorbereitung von Pflegeeltern - Helmig, E.; Eschelbach, D.; Spangler, Gottfried; Bovenschen, Ina (Handbuch Pflegekinderhilfe, 2011)

Electronic monitoring at work: The role of attitudes, functions, and perceived control for the acceptance of tracking technologies. - Abraham, Martin; Niessen, Cornelia; Schnabel, Claus; Lorek, Kerstin; Grimm, Veronika; Möslein, Kathrin; Wrede, Matthias (Human Resource Management Journal, 2019)

Elevated costly avoidance in anxiety disorders: Patients show little downregulation of acquired avoidance in face of competing rewards for approach - Pittig, Andre; Boschet, Juliane M.; Gluck, Valentina M.; Schneider, Kristina (Depression and Anxiety, 2021)
Background: Pathological avoidance is a transdiagnostic characteristic of anxiety disorders. Avoidance conditioning re-emerged as a translational model to examine mechanisms and treatment of avoidance. However, its validity for anxiety disorders remains unclear. Methods: This study tested for altered avoidance in patients with anxiety disorders compared to matched controls (n = 40/group) using instrumental conditioning assessing low-cost avoidance (avoiding a single aversive outcome) and costly avoidance (avoidance conflicted with gaining rewards). Autonomic arousal and threat expectancy were assessed as indicators of conditioned fear. Associations with dimensional symptom severity were examined. Results: Patients and controls showed frequent low-cost avoidance without group differences. Controls subsequently inhibited avoidance to gain rewards, which was amplified when aversive outcomes discontinued. In contrast, patients failed to reduce avoidance when aversive and positive outcomes competed (elevated costly avoidance) and showed limited reduction when aversive outcomes discontinued (persistent costly avoidance). Interestingly, elevated costly avoidance was not linked to higher conditioned fear in patients. Moreover, individual data revealed a bimodal distribution of costly avoidance: Some patients showed persistent avoidance, others showed little to no avoidance. Persistent versus low avoiders did not differ in other task-related variables, response to gains and losses in absence of threat, sociodemographic data, or clinical characteristics. Conclusions: Findings suggest that anxious psychopathology is associated with a deficit to inhibit avoidance in presence of competing positive outcomes. This offers novel perspectives for research on mechanisms and treatment of anxiety disorders.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: anxiety disorders; approach-avoidance conflict; fear conditioning; instrumental avoidance; panic disorder and agoraphobia; social anxiety disorder

Elterliche Belastung, elterliche Feinfühligkeit und kindliche Bindungssicherheit - Förthner, Judith; Gerlach, Jennifer; Spangler, Gottfried (Entwicklung von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern aus Familien mit unterschiedlichem Ausmaß an Belastung - Erste Ergebnisse einer vertiefenden Längsschnittstudie, 2015)

Elterliche Belastung und die Zuverlässigkeit von Elternangaben in der Diagnostik psychisch und verhaltensauffälliger Kinder und Jugendlicher - Irlbauer-Müller, Viktoria; Eichler, Anna; Stemmler, Mark; Moll, Gunther; Kratz, Oliver (Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2016)

Elterliche Gestaltung von infrastrukturellen Soziotopen bei Kindern im Kindergartenalter - Reutlinger, Marold; Ballmann, Anke (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2016)

Elterliche Responsivität, kindliche Bindungssicherheit und Termperament im Kontext psychosozialer Belastung - Gerlach, Jennifer; Förthner, Judith; Vierhaus, Marc; Zimmermann, Peter; Eickhorst, Andreas; Sann, Alexandra; Spangler, Gottfried (Entwicklung von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern aus Familien mit unterschiedlichem Ausmaß an Belastung, Ergebnisse einer vertiefenden Längsschnittstudie, 2016)

Eltern-Belastungs-Screening zur Kindeswohlgefährdung : EBSK ; deutsche Form des Child abuse potential inventory (CAPI) von Joel S. Milner - Spangler, Gottfried; Deegener, Günther; Körner, Wilhelm; Becker, Nicolas (Hogrefe, 2009)

Eltern, Peers und intrinsischer Aufgabenwert - Welche Rolle spielen sie für kulturelle Aktivitäten von Gymnasiasten der Sekundarstufe II? - Kröner, Stephan; Dickhäuser, Oliver (Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 2009)
Warum verbringen Schüler Freizeit mit der Teilhabe an (hoch-)kulturellen Aktivitäten und Ereignissen? Frühere Studien zeigten Effekte von sozialem Hintergrund und Persönlichkeitsvariablen, die aufgeklärte Varianz war jedoch gering. Wir haben daher zusätzlich zur Offenheit für Ästhetik und zur wahrgenommenen kulturellen Affinität von Eltern und von Peers die Rolle des intrinsischen Wertes der Aktivität als Prädiktor bei N = 235 Gymnasiasten der Sekundarstufe II untersucht. Als Kriterium diente die selbst berichtete rezeptive kulturelle Praxis. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 58 % der Varianz in der rezeptiven kulturellen Praxis durch die Prädiktoren aufgeklärt wurden. Der intrinsische Wert der Aktivität klärte alleine 39 % der Kriteriumsvarianz auf, ließ sich jedoch nicht von dem der kulturellen Affinität der Peers trennen. Die kulturelle Affinität der Eltern klärte über intrinsischen Wert der Aktivität und Affinität der Peers hinaus Varianz in der kulturellen Praxis auf. Konsequenzen für zukünftige Studien und die Gestaltung kultureller Angebote werden diskutiert.<br
Keywords: soziale Einflüsse; Interessen; Fünf-Faktorenmodell der Persönlichkeit; Wahlverhalten; Theater; social influences; interests; five-factor personality model; choice behaviour; theatre

Elternprogramme - Weiss, Maren; Lösel, Friedrich (Handbuch Aggression, Gewalt und Kriminalität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, 2014)

Elterntrainings zur Prävention dissozialen Verhaltens: Grundlagen und eigene Beispiele - Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark; Beelmann, Andreas (Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 2012)
In diesem Beitrag wird das EFFEKT®- (EntwicklungsFörderung in Familien: Eltern- und Kindertraining)Elterntraining vorgestellt. Die im Rahmen der Erlangen-Nürnberger Entwicklungs- und Präventionsstudie (Lösel et al., Möglichkeiten der Gewaltprävention, S 201–249, 2005; Lösel et al., Z Klin Psychol Psychother 35:127–139, 2006) entwickelten und evaluierten realisierten universellen Maßnahmen zur Prävention dissozialen Verhaltens wurden unterdessen um verschiedene Komponenten auf die gezielte Prävention ausgeweitet: Adaptationen für Eltern von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund, für depressive Mütter sowie für international mobile Familien, für Eltern von Kleinkindern (unter 3 Jahren), Schulkindern sowie von Teenagern. Darüber hinaus wird das Elterntraining europaweit umgesetzt und mithilfe eines virtuellen Netzwerks besonders niederschwellig angeboten. Es werden vornehmlich die Programminhalte und jeweils anschließend einige Evaluationsergebnisse dargestellt. Diese sprechen für eine gelungene Implementierung der EFFEKT®-Elterntrainings. Hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit zeigte sich, dass die Trainings nachweisbare Effekte auf das Verhalten der Kinder haben. Die Trainingsgruppen schnitten in allen Bereichen besser ab als die Kontrollgruppen. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Maßnahmen sowohl universell als auch selektiv eingesetzt werden können.
Keywords: Prävention dissozialen Verhaltens bei Kindern; Universelle Prävention; Selektive Prävention; Elterntraining; Evaluation

Embodiment: I sat, I felt, I performed – Posture effects on mood and cognitive performance - Awad, Sarah; Debatin, Tobias; Ziegler, Albert (Acta Psychologica, 2021)
Previous embodiment findings indicate a relationship between physical posture and mood states, suggesting upright postures induce positive mood states. Findings also showed a relationship between moods and cognitive performance. While positive mood states were found to be related to increased processing speed, negative mood states were associated with higher processing accuracy in cognitive task performance. This implies that posture may affect the aforementioned sub-aspects of cognitive performance via mood states. Additionally, most studies on posture effects rely on explicit posture manipulation. With that in mind, our research explores the effects of implicitly manipulated postures on processing speed and accuracy and whether these effects are mediated by general mood. The results revealed that subjects in our sample (N = 82, M = 23.09 years) who adopted an upright posture showed a more positive general mood (d = 0.50) and higher processing speed (d = 0.42) compared to those in stooped postures. Surprisingly, no differences in processing accuracy were found. There was no evidence of the proposed mediation in our data.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-25
Keywords: Embodied cognition; General mood; Posture; Processing accuracy; Processing speed

Embodiment - The Underestimated Role of the Body in the Learning Process: Towards a Paradigm Shift in School Pedagogy? - Awad, Sarah (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 2022)
In recent decades, a family of theories has developed within cognitive science which assigns the body an essential role in cognitive processes. Classified under the concept "embodiment", it is argued that cognitive processes are not primarily located in the brain and solely controlled by it. Instead, it is considered that cognitive functioning is an interplay of body, mind and environment. The comprehension of cognitive functioning is a prerequisite for the optimization of teaching and learning processes. By considering learning and teaching processes against the background of this interaction of body, mind, and environment, beneficial consequences for school learning may result. In this article, theoretical principles and empirical findings on embodiment will be presented and discussed in terms of their potential from a school-pedagogical perspective.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-08-19

Emergency remote teaching in higher education: mapping the first global online semester - Bond, Melissa; Bedenlier, Svenja; Marin, Victoria; Händel, Marion (International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 2021)
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic that spread globally in 2020, higher education courses were subsequently offered in fully remote, online formats. A plethora of primary studies began investigating a range of topics exploring teaching and learning in higher education, particularly during the initial semester. In order to provide an overview and initial understanding of this emerging research field, a systematic mapping review was conducted that collates and describes the characteristics of 282 primary empirical studies. Findings reveal that research was carried out mostly descriptively and cross-sectionally, focusing predominantly on undergraduate students and their perceptions of teaching and learning during the pandemic. Studies originate from a broad range of countries, are overwhelmingly published open access, and largely focused on the fields of Health & Welfare and Natural Sciences, Mathematics & Statistics. Educational technology used for emergency remote teaching are most often synchronous collaborative tools, used in combination with text-based tools. The findings are discussed against pre-pandemic research on educational technology use in higher education teaching and learning, and perspectives for further research are provided.<br
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-09-10
Keywords: Covid-19; Educational technology; Emergency remote teaching; Higher education; Systematic mapping review

Emotieregulatie - Berking, Matthias (2017)
Dit boek biedt psychotherapeuten, klinisch psychologen en psychiaters een wetenschappelijke onderbouwing en een concreet stappenplan voor een emotieregulatietraining. Deze training kan helpen bij de behandeling van angstproblemen, depressieve klachten, eetstoornissen, agressieregulatie of persoonlijkheidsstoornissen. Het eerste deel van Emotieregulatie gaat in op de samenhang tussen tekorten in de emotieregulatie en psychische stoornissen. Ook de implicaties daarvan voor de therapeutische praktijk worden belicht. Het tweede deel van het boek biedt een handleiding voor de Training Emotionele Competenties. De uitleg in deze handleiding is zo concreet, dat ervaren professionals er meteen mee aan de slag kunnen. Het derde deel beschrijft onder meer de huidige stand van het wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van de training. Matthias Berking is psychotherapeut en professor Klinische Psychologie en Psychotherapie aan de Universiteit van Erlangen-Nürnberg (Duitsland). De afgelopen 10 jaar heeft hij zich gefocust op het verklaren van de relevantie van emotieregulatievaardigheden voor de ontwikkeling en instandhouding van psychische stoornissen. Hij publiceerde verschillende onderzoeksartikelen en boeken over dit onderwer
Keywords: emotieregulatie; emotionele competenties; reguleren van emoties; emotieregulatiestrategieen; emoties

Emotieregulatietraining bij kinderen en adolescenten - Braet, Caroline; Berking, Matthias (Bohn Stafleu van Loghum Houten, 2019)
Emotieregulatietraining bij kinderen en adolescenten<br

Emotional and Adrenocortical Regulation in Early Adolescence: Prediction by Attachment Security and Disorganization in Infancy - Spangler, Gottfried; Zimmermann, Peter (International journal of behavioral development, 2014)

Emotional and antisocial outcomes of bullying and victimization at school: a follow-up from childhood to adolescence - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Journal of aggression, conflict and peace research, 2011)

Emotional content influences eye-movements under natural but not under instructed conditions - Kulke, Louisa; Borges Bastos Pasqualette, Laura Beatriz (Cognition & Emotion, 2021)
In everyday life, people can freely decide if and where they would like to move their attention and gaze, often influenced by physical and emotional salience of stimuli. However, many laboratory paradigms explicitly instruct participants when and how to move their eyes, leading to unnatural instructed eye-movements. The current preregistered study compared eye-movements to peripherally appearing faces with happy, angry and neutral expressions under natural and instructed conditions. Participants reliably moved their eyes towards peripheral faces, even when they were not instructed to do so; however, eye-movements were significantly slower under natural than under instructed conditions. Competing central stimuli decelerated eye-movements independently of instructions. Unexpectedly, the emotional salience only affected eye-movements under natural conditions, with faster saccades towards emotional than towards neutral faces. No effects of emotional expression occurred when participants were instructed to move their eyes. The study shows that natural eye-movements significantly differ from instructed eye-movements and emotion-driven attention effects are reduced when participants are artificially instructed to move their eyes, suggesting that research should investigate eye-movements under natural conditions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-24

Emotional Context Effects on the Rating of Ambiguous Facial Expressions in Depression and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders - Kramer, Marco; Stetter, Martina; Heinisch, Christine; Baumgart, Patrick; Brüne, Martin; Mavrogiorgou, Paraskevi; Juckel, Georg (Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes, 2024)
Objective: To investigate the influence of visual contextual information on emotion recognition of ambiguous facial expressions in depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Method: Ambiguous facial expressions and emotional contexts representing anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness and surprise were validated in a pre-test with healthy independent raters. Afterwards, 20 healthy participants (8 women, 12 men; mean age 24.35 ± 2.85 years), 20 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (9 women, 11 men; mean age 40.25 ± 11.68 years) and 19 participants with depression (11 women, 8 men; mean age 43.74 ± 12.65 years) rated the emotional content of nine different faces in seven different emotion-suggesting contexts. The proportions of context-congruent answers and differences between emotion ratings in each context were analysed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and explorative, paired Wilcoxon tests. Correlational analyses explored the influence of clinical symptoms assessed by clinician-administered scales. Results: The overall proportion of context-congruent answers did not differ between participants with depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared to healthy participants. Participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more susceptible to anger-suggesting contexts and participants with depression were more susceptible to fear-suggesting contexts. Differences in emotion recognition were associated with the severity of depressive, but not psychotic, symptoms. Conclusion: Despite increased susceptibility to anger-suggesting cues in schizophrenia and to fear-suggesting cues in depression, visual contextual influence remains largely consistent with healthy participants. Preserved emotional responsiveness suggests an efficacy of emotion training but emphasizes the need for additional research focusing on other factors contributing to social interaction deficits.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-01-26

Emotionale Kompetenz und Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit bei Patienten mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung im Vergleich mit einer nichtklinischen Kontrollgruppe - Eisenmann, Frank-Tobias (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011)

Emotion, Kognition und Cortisol als Indikator für die Nebenrindentätigkeit - Kramer, Klaudia; et al. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1995)

Emotion regulation: An overview of and critical reflection on the current state of research - Heber, Elena; Lehr, Dirk; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2014)
The topic of emotion regulation has become increasingly popular in clinical psychology. However, the question arises to what extent the popularity of the construct is consistent with its validity and actual heuristic value. Thus, the aim of the present review is to provide a current overview of conceptualizations of emotion regulation, of available assessment methods, of research investigating the association between emotion regulation and mental health, and of therapeutic utilizations of the paradigm. Based on a critical reflection of these research areas, suggestions are formulated on how the validity and fruitfulness of this innovative concept can be further enhanced.
Keywords: Emotion regulation; Overview; Psychological disorder; Review

Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression - Hopfinger, Lisa; Berking, Matthias; Bockting, Claudi L. H.; Ebert, David (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2016)
Background Childhood trauma increases the risks of both depression and dysfunctional emotion regulation, which is a factor that has been strongly linked to depression. Because of these demonstrated relationships, it can be hypothesized that dysfunctional emotion regulation is a mediator of the association between childhood trauma and depression. Methods To test this hypothesis, we assessed the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire) on the relationship between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and depression severity (24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) as well as depression lifetime persistency (i.e., lifetime percentage spent in major depressive episodes; assessed via SCID and Life Chart Interviews) in 269 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Results Bootstrapping-enhanced mediation analyses indicated that deficits in general emotion regulation mediated the association of childhood trauma to both depression severity and depression lifetime persistency. Further exploratory analyses indicated that specific emotion regulation skills (such as the ability to mindfully observe, accept, and tolerate undesired emotions or the willingness to voluntarily confront situations that prompt negative emotions in order to attain personally relevant goals) significantly mediated the association between childhood trauma and depression severity. Willingness to confront was a mediator for both depression outcomes (depression severity and lifetime persistency). Limitations The employed mediation analyses are cross-sectional in nature, which limits any firm conclusions regarding causality. Conclusions The findings support the assumption that a sophisticated emotion regulation may help prevent the onset or unfavorable course of depression in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma.
Keywords: Childhood trauma; Depression lifetime persistency; Depression severity; Emotion regulation; Mediator; Regression

Emotion regulation predicts anxiety over a five-year interval: A cross-lagged panel analysis - Wirtz, Carolin Maria; Hofmann, Stefan; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias (Depression and Anxiety, 2014)
Background Emotion regulation (ER) deficits have been linked to symptoms of anxiety in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between ER and anxiety symptom severity (ASS) is unclear. Methods In order to clarify the relationship between ER skills and ASS symptoms, we assessed skills and symptoms in 131 individuals twice over a 5-year interval. Cross-lagged panel analyses were conducted to test whether ER skills were a significant predictor of subsequent ASS or vice versa. Additionally, we explored whether specific ER skills differed in regard to the strength of prospective associations with subsequent ASS. Results ER skills negatively predicted subsequent ASS over and above the effects of baseline ASS (whereas anxiety symptoms did not predict subsequent ER deficits). Acceptance, tolerance, and willingness to confront had the strongest prospective effects on lower subsequent ASS. Conclusions General ER skills may play an important role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords: anxiety; emotion regulation; predictor; prospective study; risk factors; skills

Emotion regulation predicts symptoms of depression over five years - Berking, Matthias; Wirtz, Carolin Maria; Svaldi, Jennifer; Hofmann, Stephan (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014)
Deficits in emotion regulation have been identified as an important risk and maintaining factor for depression. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of emotion regulation on symptoms of depression. Moreover, we investigated which specific emotion regulation skills were associated with subsequent symptoms of depression. Participants were 116 individuals (78% women, average age 35.2 years) who registered for an online-based assessment of depression and its risk-factors and reported at least some symptoms of depression. Successful application of emotion regulation skills and depressive symptom severity were assessed twice over a 5-year period. We utilized cross-lagged panel analyses to assess whether successful skills application would be negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptom severity. Cross-lagged panel analyses identified successful skills application as a significant predictor for depressive symptom severity even when controlling for the effects of initial symptoms of depression. A comparison of the effect sizes for different emotion regulation skills on subsequent depressive symptoms suggests that most of the skills included have similar predictive value. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the hypotheses that deficits in emotion regulation may contribute to the development of depression and that interventions systematically enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills may help prevent and treat depressive symptoms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Emotion regulation; Depression; Risk factors; Skills; Prospective study

Emotion Regulation Protects Against Recurrence of Depressive Symptoms Following Inpatient Care for Major Depressive Disorder - Ebert, David; Hopfinger, Lisa; Berking, Matthias (Behavior Therapy, 2017)
Relapse following response in psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major concern. Emotion regulation (ER) has been discussed as a putative emerging and maintaining factor for depression. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether ER protects against recurrence of depression over and above residual symptoms of depression following inpatient care for MDD. ER skills (ERSQ-ES) and depression (HEALTH-49) were assessed in 193 patients with MDD (age, M = 47.4, SD = 9.6, 75.1% female, 100% Caucasian) at treatment discontinuation, 3 and 12 months after treatment. Multiple hierarchical regressions were used to examine general and specific ER as predictors of depressive symptoms at follow-ups. Higher general ER predicted lower depression over and beyond residual symptoms of depression at 3-month follow-up among treatment responders but not among treatment nonresponders. With regard to specific ER skills, readiness to confront and a. cceptance of undesired emotions predicted lower depressive symptoms beyond residual symptoms of depression 12 months, respectively 3 and 12 months after treatment. Findings of the present study indicate that targeting general ER might be more important for remitted and less important for nonremitted patients. Enhancing ER should hence be realized in a sequential treatment design, in which a continuation phase treatment with a specific focus on ER directly follows, once patients sufficiently responded to treatment. Acceptance of undesired emotion and readiness to confront situations that cue these emotions appear to be particularly important for protecting against recurrence of depression. Future research should clarify whether findings can be generalized to outpatient care.
Keywords: Acceptance; Depression; Emotion regulation; Psychotherapy; Relapse

EMOTION REGULATION SKILLS IN PATIENTS WITH MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS - Schwarz, Jeanine; Radkovsky, Anna; Berking, Matthias; Rief, Winfried; Kleinstauber, Maria (2016)

Emotion regulation strategies in bulimia nervosa: an experimental investigation of mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive restructuring - Hessler-Kaufmann, Johannes Baltasar; Heese, Julia; Berking, Matthias; Voderholzer, Ulrich; Diedrich, Alice (Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 2020)
Background: While improving emotion regulation (ER) is a central goal in the therapy of bulimia nervosa (BN), there is no experimental evidence on the efficacy of different ER strategies. (1) We hypothesized that mindfulness as well as self-compassion as contextual strategies and cognitive restructuring as classical cognitive behavioral strategy would outperform waiting in improving emotional and eating disorder related outcomes after an unpleasant mood induction. Further, we explored (2) whether contextual strategies outperformed cognitive restructuring and (3) whether comorbid mental disorders and previous treatment for BN influenced the efficacy of contextual ER strategies compared to cognitive restructuring.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-07-31

Emotionsregulation – Trend in der Psychotherapie - Lammers, Claas-Hinrich; Berking, Matthias (Psychotherapie im Dialog, 2018)