Physiological stress in response to multitasking and work interruptions: Study protocol - Becker, Linda; Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Nowak, Dennis; Weigl, Matthias; Rohleder, Nicolas (PLoS ONE, 2022)
Background The biopsychological response patterns to digital stress have been sparsely investigated so far. Important potential stressors in modern working environments due to increased digitalization are multitasking and work interruptions. In this study protocol, we present a protocol for a laboratory experiment, in which we will investigate the biopsychological stress response patterns to multitasking and work interruptions. Methods In total, N = 192 healthy, adult participants will be assigned to six experimental conditions in a randomized order (one single-task, three dual-task (two in parallel and one as interruption), one multitasking, and one passive control condition). Salivary alpha-amylase as well as heart rate as markers for Sympathetic Nervous System Activity, heart rate variability as measure for Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) activity, and cortisol as measure for activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis will be assessed at six time points throughout the experimental session. Furthermore, inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and secretory immunoglobulin-A) will be assessed before and after the task as well as 24 hours after it (IL-6 and CRP only). Main outcomes will be the time course of these physiological stress markers. Reactivity of these measures will be compared between the experimental conditions (dual-tasking, work interruptions, and multitasking) with the control conditions (single-tasking and passive control). Discussion With this study protocol, we present a comprehensive experiment, which will enable an extensive investigation of physiological stress-responses to multitasking and work interruptions. Our planned study will contribute to a better understanding of physiological response patterns to modern (digital) stressors. Potential risks and limitations are discussed. The findings will have important implications, especially in the context of digital health in modern working and living environments.
Keywords: Multitasking; Dual-tasking; Work interruptions; Digital health; Stress; Sympathetic Nervous System; HPA axis; Immune system; Alpha-amylase; Heart Rate variability; Cortisol; Interleukin-6; C-reactive protein; Secretory immunoglobulin-A

Physiological stress in safer cycling in older age (SiFAr-stress): effect of a multicomponent exercise intervention—a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Britting, Sabine; Kob, Robert; Sieber, Cornel; Rohleder, Nicolas; Freiberger, Ellen; Becker, Linda (Trials, 2021)
Background SiFAr-Stress investigates the impact of cycling on stress levels in older adults. Uncertainty due to change to motorized bicycle or fear of falling can be perceived as stressors for cyclists. Stress activates different physiological signal cascades and stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which leads to the release of the stress hormone cortisol and further effects such as the development of low-grade inflammation. Both can—in the long term—be associated with negative health outcomes. The aim of the study SiFAr-Stress is to analyze inflammatory processes as well as the activity of stress systems before and after a cycling intervention for older adults. Methods In this study, community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older will be randomly assigned to either a cycling or a control intervention in a parallel-group design. Objective HPA axis–related measures (saliva cortisol and hair cortisol) will be assessed before, after, and 6–9 months after the cycling and control intervention (T0, T1, and T2). Furthermore, changes in cortisol reactivity in response to the cycling intervention will be investigated at the second and seventh training lessons. Furthermore, secondary outcomes (fear of falling, perceived stress, salivary alpha amylase, and C-reactive protein) will be assessed at T0, T1, and T2. Discussion The study will be the first, in which stress- and health-related bio-physiological outcomes will be assessed in the context of a multicomponent exercise intervention, addressing cycling in older adults. It will enable us to better understand the underlying patho-physiological and psychological mechanisms and will help to improve interventions for this target group. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04362514. Prospectively registered on 27 April 2020
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-27
Keywords: Aged; Alpha amylase; Bicycling; C-reactive protein; Community-dwelling; Fear of falling; Perceived stress; Randomized controlled trial; Saliva and hair cortisol; Stress

Pilot study of a program delivered within the regular service system in Germany: Effect of a short-term attachment-based intervention on maternal sensitivity in mothers at risk for child abuse and neglect - Pillhofer, Melanie Christa; Spangler, Gottfried; Bovenschen, Ina; Künster, A.; Gabler, Sandra; Fallon, B.; Fegert, Jörg M.; Ziegenhain, Ute (Child Abuse & Neglect, 2015)

Political Trust (Part 2): Determinants of Political (Dis-) Trust and Cynicism - Methner, Nicole; Ehrke, Franziska (Symposium conducted at the 29th Conference of the German Peace Psychology Association, 2016)

Politicians’ means of dealing with criticism: Is honesty the best policy?. - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (Invited talk at the University of Zurich, Professorship for Social Psychology, 2017)

Politicians’ means of dealing with criticism: Is honesty the best policy? - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (Symposium conducted at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, 2017)

Politicians’ means of dealing with criticism: Is honesty the best policy? - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (2017)

Politics and Trust: Determinants and Correlates of Trust in Political Actors - Ehrke, Franziska; Methner, Nicole (Symposium conducted at the 50th Conference of the German Society for Psychology, 2016)

Polizeiliche Kriminalprävention - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Psychologie in Gesellschaft, Kultur und Umwelt, 2005)
Keywords: Polizei; Kriminalprävention

Polizei und Bürger - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Psychologie in Gesellschaft, Kultur und Umwelt, 2005)
Keywords: Polizei; Kriminalprävention

POSITIVE ASSOCIATION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES WITH PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING IN HIGHLY FUNCTIONAL NONAGENARIANS - Rohleder, Nicolas; Rupprecht, Roland; Lang, Frieder (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-05-28

Possibilities of School-Based Mentoring - Reutlinger, Marold (Gifted education as a lifelong challenge : essays in honour of Franz J. Mönks, 2012)

Post-stress rumination after initial psychosocial stress predicts cortisol responses to repeated stress exposure - Gianferante, Danielle; Thoma, Myriam; Saltz, Juliette; Dahlben, Brian; Beaulac, Holly; Rohleder, Nicolas (Co-Action Publishing, 2012)

Post-stress rumination predicts HPA axis responses to repeated acute stress - Gianferante, Danielle; Thoma, Myriam; Hanlin, Luke; Chen, C.; Breines, Juliana; Zoccola, Peggy; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014)

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung und substanzbezogene Störungen: Klinische und psychosoziale Charakteristika der Patientinnen und Patienten, Behandlungsergebnisse und Evaluation eines neuen Therapieansatzes für die Behandlung von Personen mit Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung - Hildebrand, Anja (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2018)

Power poses – where do we stand? - Jonas, Kai; Cesario, Joseph; Alger, Madeliene; Bailey, April; Bombari, Dario; Carney, Dana; Dovidio, John; Duffy, Sean; Harder, Jenna; van Huistee, Dian; Jackson, Benita; Johnson, David; et al. (Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology, 2017)

Practitioner Review: Unguided and guided self-help interventions for common mental health disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Bennett, Sophie D.; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David; McKenzie Smith, Mhairi; Coughtrey, Anna E.; Heyman, Isobel; Manzotti, Grazia; Shafran, Roz (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (and Allied Disciplines), 2019)
Mental health problems are common in children and adolescents, yet evidence-based treatments are hard to access. Self-help interventions can increase such access. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the use of guided and unguided self-help for children and young people with symptoms of common mental health disorders. In contrast to previous reviews of self-help in children, all types of self-help and multiple mental health disorders were investigated in order to increase power to investigate potential moderators of efficacy. Importantly, studies with control arms as well as those comparing against traditional face-to-face treatments were included. Fifty studies (n = 3396 participants in self-help/guided self-help conditions) met the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated a moderate positive effect size for guided and unguided self-help interventions when compared against a control group (n = 44; g = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.61, p <.01) and a small but significant negative effect size when compared to other therapies (n = 15; g = −0.17; 95% CI: –0.27 to –0.07, p <.01). Few potential moderators had a significant effect on outcome. Most comparisons resulted in significant heterogeneity and therefore results are interpreted with caution.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-02
Keywords: adolescents; anxiety; children; depression; disruptive behaviour; Self-help

Prädiktoren des Berufserfolgs von Lehrkräften. Befunde der Langzeitstudie MATHE. - Abele, Andrea E. (Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 2011)
Die vorliegende Arbeit berichtet über eine Langzeitstudie, bei der Personen, die Mathematik entweder mit Abschluss Staatsexamen oder mit Abschluss Diplom studiert hatten, am Ende ihres Studiums zum ersten und zehn Jahre nach Berufseintritt zum wiederholten Mal befragt wurden. Es wird die Vorhersagekraft sozio-kognitiver Variablen (berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit, berufliche Ziele) und des Selbstkonzepts (agentische und kommunale Komponente) auf den Berufserfolg zehn Jahre später untersucht. Objektiver Berufserfolg wird hierbei über den Arbeitsumfang, subjektiver Berufserfolg über subjektive Leistungseinschätzung sowie Arbeitszufriedenheit und Belastungserleben (beides sowohl allgemein als auch lehrerspezifisch) erhoben. Die Befunde zeigen, dass sich Personen mit Staatsexamen versus mit Diplomabschluss am Ende des Studiums sowohl in ihren Zielen als auch in ihrem Selbstkonzept unterscheiden. Zehn Jahre nach Beendigung des Studiums ist der Beschäftigungsumfang von Lehrerinnen, die Mütter sind, geringer als derjenige von Diplommathematikerinnen mit Kindern. Lehrkräfte fühlen sich generell stärker belastet und weniger zufrieden bei ihrer Arbeit als die Diplomgruppe. Selbstwirksamkeit und ein agentisches Selbstkonzept beeinflussen sowohl den Beschäftigungsumfang als auch die Arbeitszufriedenheit, die Leistungseinschätzung und (revers) das Belastungserleben. Vereinbarkeitsziele haben einen negativen Einfluss auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit. Folgerungen für Maßnahmen der Lehrerbildung werden diskutiert.
Keywords: Lehrer; Beruflicher Erfolg; Arbeitszufriedenheit; Selbstwirksamkeit; Psychischer Stress; Selbstkonzept; Familie-Beruf-Koordinierung; Berufliche Ziele; Arbeitnehmereinstellungen; Spezialisierung (Schule und Hochschule); Mathematik (Wissenschaft); Erwachsenenalter; Deutschland

Prädiktoren einer langfristigen Teilnahme an einem E-Mentoring-Programm - Schimke, Diana; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Mentoring : Theoretische Hintergründe, empirische Befunde und praktische Anwendungen, 2009)

Prädiktoren und Korrelate von Behandlungsabbrüchen bei inhaftierten Jugendstraftätern - Carl, Lena; Klein, Rebekka; Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (17. Tagung der Fachgruppe Rechtspsychologie, 2017)
Vorzeitiger Therapieabbruch bei Straftätern ist mit zahlreichen negativen Konsequenzen verbunden. Abbrecher profitieren weniger vom Programm, weisen in der Regel ein höheres kriminelles Risiko auf und werden häufiger rückfällig als selbst unbehandelte Straftäter. Faktoren zu identifizieren, die einen Behandlungsabbruch vorhersagen können, ist demnach für die Kriminalprävention von großer Bedeutung. Besonders relevant erscheint dabei die Betrachtung jugendlicher Straftäter, da deren intramurale Behandlung die höchsten Abbruchraten aufweist, bisherige Forschung aber sehr heterogene Befunde in Bezug auf Risikofaktoren für einen späteren Therapieabbruch erbracht hat. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Prädiktoren und Korrelate von Behandlungsabbrüchen bei jugendlichen Straftätern in sozialtherapeutischer Behandlung (n = 162) anhand von Aktenanalysen und Selbstberichtsdaten. Differenziert wurde dabei zwischen jugendlichen Gewalt- und Sexualstraftätern. In bivariaten Analysen waren das Rückfallrisiko zu Behandlungsbeginn, das Engagement in der Behandlung und die Risikoveränderung während der Therapie sowohl bei Gewalt- als auch bei Sexualstraftätern signifikant mit Therapieabbruch assoziiert. In einem hierarchischen Regressionsmodell waren statische Prädiktoren weniger relevant für den Therapieabbruch als Aspekte der Behandlungsteilnahme und des Behandlungserfolgs. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die Behandlungsplanung und Eingangsdiagnostik diskutiert und erörter
Keywords: Jugendstraftäter; Sozialtherapie; Theraapieabbruch; Gewalttäter

Praise in gifted education: analyses on the basis of the actiotope model of giftedness - Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Gifted and talented education, 2009)

Prävalenz und Prädiktoren für Rauschtrinken – Querschnittsbefragung repräsentativ für Niedersachsen - Donath, Carolin; Sack, Carolin; Pendergrass, Anna; Weiss, Maren; Baier, Dirk (Sucht, 2019)

Prävalenz und Verlauf von Kinder- und Jugenddelinquenz: Ergebnisse des Projekts "Chancen und Risiken im Lebensverlauf (CURL)" - Stemmler, Mark; Wallner, Susanne; Weiss, Maren (Festschrift für Franz Streng zum 70. Geburtstag, 2017)

Prävention von Bullying - Weiss, Maren; Stemmler, Mark (Psychologische Förder- und Interventionsprogramme für das Kindes- und Jugendalter., 2021)

Prävention von kindlichen Verhaltensproblemen in Familien: Ergebnisse und Schwierigkeiten der Evaluation - Lösel, Friedrich; Runkel, Daniela (Frühe Bildung in der Familie: Perspektiven der Familienbildung, 2013)

Prävention von Problemen des Sozialverhaltens im Vorschulalter: Evaluation des Eltern- und Kindertrainings EFFEKT - Jaursch, Stefanie; Beelmann, Andreas; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (Kinderschutzzentrum, 2009)

Prävention von Problemen des Sozialverhaltens im Vorschulalter: Evaluation des Eltern- und Kindertrainings EFFEKT - Lösel, Friedrich; Beelmann, Andreas; Stemmler, Mark; Jaursch, Stefanie (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2006)
Theoretischer Hintergrund: In Deutschland herrscht ein Mangel an methodisch kontrollierten Evaluationen von Programmen zur Prävention von Verhaltensproblemen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie evaluiert die Wirksamkeit eines Kindertrainings, eines Elterntrainings sowie einer Kombination aus beiden Programmen. Methode: Aus einer Stichprobe von 675 Kindergartenkindern und ihren Familien nahmen 227 an einer der drei Trainingsbedingungen teil, 227 Kinder dienten als äquivalente Kontrollgruppe. Erfolgsmaße wurden 2–3 Monate sowie bis zu 24 Monate nach Abschluss der Trainings erhoben. Sie bestanden aus den Angaben von Erzieherinnen im Preschool Social Behavior Questionnaire sowie aus Inhaltsanalysen von Schulzeugnissen der 1. Klasse. Ergebnisse: Die Trainings führten zu kurzzeitigen positiven Effekten bei Problemen des Sozialverhaltens, der Hyperaktivität/Unaufmerksamkeit und emotionalen Störungen. Die deutlichsten Effekte zeigten sich bei den kombinierten Programmen und bei Kindern mit ausgeprägteren Problemen des Sozialverhaltens. Die Langzeiteffekte in den verschiedenen Trainingsbedingungen waren weniger konsistent. Es zeigte sich aber eine generelle Reduktion multipler Verhaltensprobleme in der Schule. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit internationalen Meta-Analysen überein und rechtfertigen einen vorsichtigen Optimismus hinsichtlich derartiger Präventionsprogramm
Keywords: Prävention; Probleme des Sozialverhaltens; Kindertraining; Elterntraining; Evaluation

Prävention von Störungen des Sozialverhaltens - Entwicklungsförderung in Familien: das Eltern- und Kindertraining EFFEKT - Lösel, Friedrich; Jaursch, Stefanie; Beelmann, Andreas; Stemmler, Mark Kurt (Prävention von Entwicklungsstörungen, 2007)

Praxisanteile im Direktstudium Psychotherapie – Auf welche Lehr-Erfahrungen kann aufgebaut werden? Welche Inhalte und Kompetenzen sollten vermittelt werden? - Rief, Winfried; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Fydrich, Thomas; Schneider, Silvia; Schulte, Dietmar (Psychotherapeutenjournal, 2014)
Sowohl in der Diskussion von Kompetenzprofilen für die zukünftige Psychotherapeutenausbildung als auch bei einem potenziellen Direktstudium Psychotherapie wird bereits im Studium das Vermitteln praktischer Handlungskompetenzen vorgesehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten solcher praxisorientierten Lehrveranstaltungen vorgestellt. Beispiele sind neben Praktika auch diagnostische Übungen durch Fallvorstellungen, praktische Übungen basaler psychotherapeutischer Verhaltensweisen (z. B. Beziehungsaufbau), Vorstellung praktischen Vorgehens unterschiedlicher Psychotherapiemethoden und -verfahren durch fachkompetente Vertreterinnen und Vertreter bei unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen und insbesondere auch Fallseminare. Da an vielen Psychologie-Standorten in den vergangenen 20 Jahren mit Teilen dieser Lehrformen schon Erfahrungen gesammelt wurden, wird ausgeführt, welche Entwicklungen sich bewährt haben und welche Änderungen notwendig erscheinen. Der Beitrag versteht sich als Diskussionsanregung, um anhand konkreter Vorstellungen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen eines Ausbildungswegs Direktstudium diskutieren sowie definieren zu können, welche Kompetenzen ggf. besser im Rahmen der Weiterbildung erworben werden könnten.
Keywords: Psychotherapieausbildung; Postgraduiertenausbildung; Weiterbildung; Bildungsreform; Berufliche Zulassung; Berufliche Qualifikationsprüfung; Beruflicher Qualifikationserwerb; Psychotherapie

Precursors and Effects of Self-reported Parental Reflective Functioning: Links to Parental Attachment Representations and Behavioral Sensitivity - Kungl, Melanie; Gabler, Sandra; White, Lars O.; Spangler, Gottfried; Vrticka, Pascal (Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2024)
Parental reflective functioning is thought to provide a missing link between caregivers’ own attachment histories and their ensuing parenting behaviors. The current study sought to extend research on this association involving 115 parents, both mothers and fathers, of 5-to-6-year-old preschoolers using the German version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ). Our study was the first to combine Adult Attachment Interview classifications of parental attachment, behavioral observations of parental sensitivity and PRFQ ratings while drawing on a sizable father subsample. We found theoretically consistent significant relations between all measures, while our results particularly highlighted the role of dismissing attachment for decreases in parenting quality on both cognitive and behavioral levels as the dismissing status differentially affected specific components of self-reported parental reflective functioning and observed sensitivity. Interestingly, these patterns were largely comparable in mothers and fathers. Exploratory mediation analyses further suggested that decreased parental reflective functioning may partially mediate the relationship between parents’ dismissing attachment and decreased parental sensitivity. Thus, for prevention and intervention programs targeting parental sensitivity and thus children’s long term healthy mental development, the interplay between parental reflective functioning and parents’ own attachment history emerges as a key mechanism. Finally, our study served as a further validation of the PRFQ given the caveat that the pre-mentalizing subscale may need further revision in the German version.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-03-29
Keywords: Attachment; Parental reflective functioning; Parent–child interaction; PRFQ; Sensitivity

Predicting Attrition and Engagement in the Treatment of Young Offenders - Carl, Lena; Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 2020)
Premature treatment termination in offender treatment is linked to negative consequences for clients, practitioners, and the criminal justice system. Therefore, identifying predictors of treatment attrition is a crucial issue in offender rehabilitation. Most studies on this topic focus on adult offenders; less is known about adolescent offenders. In our study, therapy attrition and engagement were predicted via logistic and linear regression to examine the link between pretreatment variables, engagement, and treatment failure in 161 young offenders treated in a social-therapeutic unit in Germany. Engagement could be predicted by motivation, disruptive childhood behavior, low aggressiveness, and higher age. In turn, low motivation, substance abuse, and young age predicted attrition, but their impact diminished when engagement was added to the model with only substance abuse remaining significant. The effect of substance abuse on attrition disappeared, when the offender’s initial motivation was high. Implications for assessment and treatment planning are discusse
Keywords: offender treatment; young offenders; social-therapeutic treatment; treatment attrition; dropout; engagement; motivation

Predicting cognitive decline and dementia with the newly-normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test - Stemmler, Mark; Hessler, Johannes Balthasar; Bickel, Horst (Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 2019)
Objective: The aim of this article was to determine the criterion-related validity of the newly-normed SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test with the onset of dementia as the predicted criterion. Methods: The cognitive ability was tested with the SKT in a sample of 546 cognitively healthy adults aged 65 to 85 years. New cases of MCI or dementia were determined in three follow-up investigations at one-year intervals. Each participant’s cognitive status was rated on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). The cognitive status according to the SKT is presented in terms of a traffic light system. Results: Based on Kaplan-Meier estimators, the trajectories of the different SKT traffic light labels were investigated over three years. The trajectories were significantly different, representing differential risks for dementia onset. In comparison to the green group, the hazard ratio (HR) for the development of dementia and MCI amounted to HR = 6.63 (95% CI: 2.75-15.96) and HR = 2.34 (95% CI: 1.37-3.99), respectively, in the yellow group, and to HR = 25.40 (95% CI: 10.73-60.14) and HR = 3.83 (95% CI: 1.86-7.86), respectively, in the red group. Conclusions: The newly-normed SKT showed a high predictive validity for the onset of dementia
Keywords: MCI. cognitive tests; Syndrom Kurztest (SKT); predictive validity; Cox regression; dementia; cognitive impairment

Predicting heterogeneous treatment effects of an Internet-based depression intervention for patients with chronic back pain: Secondary analysis of two randomized controlled trials - Harrer, Mathias; Ebert, David Daniel; Kuper, Paula; Paganini, Sarah; Schlicker, Sandra; Terhorst, Yannik; Reuter, Benedikt; Sander, Lasse B.; Baumeister, Harald (Internet Interventions, 2023)
Background: Depression is highly prevalent among individuals with chronic back pain. Internet-based interventions can be effective in treating and preventing depression in this patient group, but it is unclear who benefits most from this intervention format. Method: In an analysis of two randomized trials (N = 504), we explored ways to predict heterogeneous treatment effects of an Internet-based depression intervention for patients with chronic back pain. Univariate treatment-moderator interactions were explored in a first step. Multilevel model-based recursive partitioning was then applied to develop a decision tree model predicting individualized treatment benefits. Results: The average effect on depressive symptoms was d = −0.43 (95 % CI: −0.68 to –0.17; 9 weeks; PHQ-9). Using univariate models, only back pain medication intake was detected as an effect moderator, predicting higher effects. More complex interactions were found using recursive partitioning, resulting in a final decision tree with six terminal nodes. The model explained a large amount of variation (bootstrap-bias-corrected R2 = 45 %), with predicted subgroup-conditional effects ranging from di = 0.24 to −1.31. External validation in a pilot trial among patients on sick leave (N = 76; R2 = 33 %) pointed to the transportability of the model. Conclusions: The studied intervention is effective in reducing depressive symptoms, but not among all chronic back pain patients. Predictions of the multivariate tree learning model suggest a pattern in which patients with moderate depression and relatively low pain self-efficacy benefit most, while no benefits arise when patients' self-efficacy is already high. If corroborated in further studies, the developed tree algorithm could serve as a practical decision-making tool.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-06-23
Keywords: Back pain; Depression; Internet-delivered CBT; Machine learning

Predicting the failure of disc surgery by a hypofunctional HPA axis: Evidence from a prospective study on patients undergoing disc surgery - Geiss, Andrea; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Steinbach, Klaus; Bauer, Heinz; Fernand, Anton (Pain, 2005)

Prediction of Antisocial Development in Childhood and Youth Using the Cracow Instrument: Predictive Validity of a Structured Risk/Need Assessment Instrument - Wallner, Susanne; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (International Conference on Psychology & Law - „EAPL & World 2015“, 2015)

Prediction of major depressive disorder onset in college students - Ebert, David; Buntrock, Claudia; Mortier, Philippe; Auerbach, Randy; Weisel, Kiona K.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Cuijpers, Pim; Green, Jennifer G.; Kiekens, Glenn; Nock, Matthew K.; Demyttenaere, Koen; Bruffaerts, Ronny (Depression and Anxiety, 2019)
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in college students is associated with substantial burden. Aims: To assess 1-year incidence of MDD among incoming freshmen and predictors of MDD-incidence in a representative sample of students. Method: Prospective cohort study of first-year college students (baseline: n = 2,519, 1-year follow-up: n = 958). Results: The incidence of MDD within the first year of college was 6.9% (SE = 0.8). The most important individual-level predictors of onset were prior suicide plans and/or attempts (OR = 9.5). The strongest population-level baseline predictors were history of childhood–adolescent trauma, stressful experience in the past 12 months, parental psychopathology, and other 12-month mental disorder. Multivariate cross-validated prediction (cross-validated AUC = 0.73) suggest that 36.1% of incident MDD cases in a replication sample would occur among the 10% of students at highest predicted risk (24.5% predicted incidence in this highest-risk subgroup). Conclusions: Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify students at risk of MDD onset, which may improve the development and deployment of targeted preventive interventions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02
Keywords: depression; epidemiology; health services; mood disorders; suicide/self-harm

Prediction of response to total sleep deprivation by autonomic heart rate parameters? - Rechlin, Thomas; Hegmann, Harald; Weis, Maria; Stemmler, Mark; Claus, Detlef; Kaschka, Wolfgang (Biological Psychiatry, 1995)
Keywords: Sleep deprivation; heart rate variability; autonomic parameters

Prediction of Stress Coping Capabilities from Nightly Heart Rate Patterns using Machine Learning - Vorberg, Linda; Pflüger, Siri; Richer, Robert; Jäger, Katharina; Küderle, Arne; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Björn (2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2023)
Stress is related to short- and long-term alterations in stress systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). While it is well established that stress experienced during the day can affect sleep quality, less is known about how it affects stress systems during the night. We assume that stress coping strategies can have an impact on how stress carries over into the night and that individuals with bad coping mechanisms show elevated activation of stress systems during sleep. For that reason, we recorded the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of 21 healthy participants on two consecutive nights during sleep and the first hour after awakening and extracted cortisol and alpha-amylase from saliva samples collected in the first hour after awakening. Stress coping capabilities were assessed using self-reports. We performed backward stepwise multiple regression models to analyze the relationship between HR(V) and stress coping and trained different machine learning-based regression algorithms to predict positive (SVF Pos ) and negative (SVF Neg ) stress coping capabilities, respectively. Our results show that individuals with higher SVF Neg scores showed higher SNS activity during the night, whereas higher SVF Pos scores indicated lower SNS activity. SVF Pos was predicted with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.51 ± 0.73 and SVF Neg with an MAE of 2.79 ± 1.53. Our findings indicate an association between nightly HR(V) and the individual’s capability of coping with stress. This provides further information about how stress influences sleep and might be used for tailored intervention and feedback on successful stress coping.<br
Keywords: Analytical models; Machine learning algorithms; Machine learning; Predictive models; Prediction algorithms; Sympathetic nervous system; Heart rate variability; stress coping; sleep; cortisol awakening response; heart rate variability; machine learning

Prediction of Stress Coping Capabilities from Nightly Heart Rate Patterns Using Machine Learning - Vorberg, Linda; Pflüger, Siri; Richer, Robert; Jäger, Katharina; Küderle, Arne; Nassall, Katharina; Eskofier, Björn; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2022)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-06-17

Predictors of foster parents’ stress and associations to sensitivity in the first year after placement - Gabler, Sandra; Kungl, Melanie; Bovenschen, Ina; Lang, Katrin; Zimmermann, Janin; Nowacki, Katja; Kliewer-Neumann, Josephine; Spangler, Gottfried (Child Abuse & Neglect, 2018)
In Germany, almost 70 000 children are living in foster families (Statistisches Bundesamt, 2016). Many foster children show mental health problems as they were exposed to an accumulation of risk factors. Hence, foster parents are often faced with challenging parenting situations. The current study focuses on the predictors of foster parents’ stress and examines longitudinally whether parenting stress is associated with foster parents’ sensitivity. The sample consisted of 55 children (aged from 1 to 6 years) and their foster caregivers. Foster parents’ sensitivity was observed during home visits. Caregiver reports were used to assess parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index) as well as foster children's externalizing behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist). For main caregivers’ stress at the beginning of placement, regression analyses revealed both, foster children's externalizing problems as well as partners’ stress as predictive. For main caregivers’ stress one year after, only initial parenting stress and partners’ stress were predictive. Foster parents’ sensitivity was correlated with their parenting stress one year after placement. Regression analyses revealed no longitudinal effects of initial parenting stress on overall sensitivity. However, supportive presence was predicted by initial supportive presence and by the interaction between parenting stress and children's externalizing problems at placement. The findings highlight the role of the partner in experiencing parenting stress when taking care of a foster child. Furthermore, they emphasize that foster parents who care for children with behavior problems need adequate support that can buffer initial parenting stress and thereby promote sensitive caregiving.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: Behavior problems; Foster children; Foster parents; Parenting stress; Sensitivity

Predictors of institutionalization in users of day care facilities with mild cognitive impairment to moderate dementia - Spiegl, Klara; Luttenberger, Katharina; Grässel, Elmar; Becker, Linda; Scheel, Jennifer; Pendergrass, Anna (BMC Health Services Research, 2021)
Background: Most people with dementia wish to remain at home for as long as possible. Therefore, it is important to know the predictors of institutionalization, especially those that can be influenced. The aim of the present study is to identify predictors of the institutionalization of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to moderate dementia who attend day care facilities (DCFs) throughout Germany.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-01

Preference for other persons‘ traits is dependent on the kind of social relationship. - Abele, Andrea E.; Brack, Susanne (Social psychology, 2013)
Three studies test the proposition that people appreciate others' traits relative to the kind of relationship they have. Hypotheses are derived from the dual-perspective model, according to which the fundamental content dimensions of traits, agency, and communion are linked differently to the perspectives of actor versus observer; and that the kind of relationship between both persons is a moderator of the perspective-trait link. Study 1 shows that people generally prefer communal traits in others, and that agency traits are chosen less frequently in independence relationships than in unilateral dependence relationships than in mutual dependence relationships. Study 2 replicates the communion finding and reveals that - independent of respondents' own agency and communion - agency traits are chosen less frequently in communal relationships than in exchange relationships. Study 3 shows that in both kinds of relationship well-being goals enhance the selection of communion traits, whereas mastery goals enhance the selection of agency traits.
Keywords: Persönlichkeit; Soziale Wahrnehmung; Soziale Interaktion; Handeln; Empathie; Präferenzen; Erwachsenenalter; Deutschland

Preparing patients according to their individual coping style improves patient experience of magnetic resonance imaging - Madl, Janika; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Janka, Rolf Matthias; Bay, Susanne; Rohleder, Nicolas (Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2022)
MRI-related anxiety is present in 30% of patients and may evoke motion artifacts/failed scans, which impair clinical efficiency. It is unclear how patient anxiety can be countered most effectively. Habitual preferences for coping with stressful situations by focusing or distracting one's attention thereof (coping style) may play a key role in this context. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two patient-preparation videos with informational vs. relaxational content and to determine whether the fit between content and coping style affects effectivity. The sample consisted of 142 patients (M = 48.31 +/- 15.81 years). Key outcomes were anxiety, and cortisol as a physiological stress marker. When not considering coping style, neither intervention improved the patients' reaction; only patient preparation that matched the patients' coping style was associated with an earlier reduction of anxiety. This suggests that considering individual preferences for patient preparation may be more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-16

Preservice Teachers' Online Self-Regulated Learning: Does Digital Readiness Matter? - Fuchs, Katharina; Pösse, Lisa; Bedenlier, Svenja; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kammerl, Rudolf; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert; Händel, Marion (Education Sciences, 2022)
(1) Background: Teaching in today's schools asks teachers to foster self-regulated learning and digital competences in children and young people. In order to do so, teachers first need to acquire and use these competences themselves. (2) Methods: Based on a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates self-regulated learning in online courses of N = 129 preservice teachers at a German university. (3) Results and conclusions: Perceiving their digital readiness as generally high, preservice teachers appear to not overly self-regulate their learning in the online environment. Finally, preservice teachers' digital readiness was related only weakly to their online self-regulated learning. A discussion is offered which shows teacher education as a broader phenomenon and implies the need for professional development for teacher educators. Additionally, it is argued to link research on self-regulated learning more closely to research on online learning environments in teacher education.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-05-06

Preterm small-for-gestational age children: Predictive role of gestational age for mental development at the age of 2 years - Nögel, Stephanie; Deiters, Ludger; Stemmler, Mark; Rascher, Wolfgang; Trollmann, Regina (Brain & Development, 2015)
AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm SGA children and preterm AGA children at the age of 2 years. The hypothesis was that SGA children are at an additional risk for deficits in cognitive function. Additionally, the impact of neonatal risk factors and the parents' profession on the early cognitive development was analysed. METHODS: Cognitive function of 107 preterm infants with a gestational age of 24-35 weeks was assessed with the Mental Bayley Scales of Infant Development at the age of 2 years (mean±SEM). The results of SGA (n=38) and AGA (n=69) children were compared as well as neonatal risk factors and parental education. RESULTS: There was a linear regression between the Mental Bayley Scales result and gestational age for preterm infants with a gestational age of 24-32 weeks. SGA and AGA children did not differ significantly in their cognitive function at the age of 2 years. A strong association was found between the parents' profession and cognitive development. Among the neonatal risk factors, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was a strong predictor of mental development. INTERPRETATION: Cognitive development of two-year-old preterm children with a gestational age of 24-32 weeks was mainly related to their gestational age. Being born preterm and small for gestational age was not additionally associated with cognitive deficits at the age of 2 years. The parents' profession had a significant impact on the cognitive development. The role of the parents' profession on the early development of preterm infants should be elucidated in further studies. Copyright © 2014 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Gestational age; Mental development; Parental profession; Preterm infants

Preventing acute stress-induced inflammatory disinhibition by aspirin: What does it tell us about the mechanism? - Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2008)

Preventing child behavior problems at preschool age: The Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study - Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (International journal of conflict and violence, 2012)
A brief overview of the prevention part of the long-term Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study, which combines a prospective longitudinal and experimental design. Findings up to five years after intervention are reported. From a sample of 609 families with kindergarten children, subgroups participated in the universal prevention program EFFEKT (child social skills training, a parent training and a combination of both) or were assigned to equivalentcontrol groups. The short-term evaluation showed significant effects in mediating constructs (social problem solving and parenting behavior) and in educators’ ratings of children’s social behavior. In a follow-up after two to three years, school report cards showed fewer children with multiple behavior problems. In a further follow up after four to five years program children reported fewer externalizing and internalizing problems than the control group. There were no significant effects in the mothers’ reports on their children’s behavior. Most significant effect sizes ranged between d = 0.20 and d = 0.40. The findings suggest various positive long-term effects of the intervention. However, one need to be cautious with regard to over-generalizing the positive findings, because effect sizes vary over time and the positive findings could not be replicated in all investigated variables.</
Keywords: Universal prevention program; long-term evaluation

Preventing Depression in Adults With Subthreshold Depression: Health-Economic Evaluation Alongside a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based Intervention - Buntrock, Claudia; Berking, Matthias; Smit, Filip; Lehr, Dirk; Nobis, Stephanie; Riper, Heleen; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2017)
Background: Psychological interventions for the prevention of depression might be a cost-effective way to reduce the burden associated with depressive disorders. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a Web-based guided self-help intervention to prevent major depressive disorder (MDD) in people with subthreshold depression (sD). Methods: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted with follow-up at 12 months. Participants were recruited from the general population via a large statutory health insurance company and an open access website. Participants were randomized to a Web-based guided self-help intervention (ie, cognitive-behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy assisted by supervised graduate students or health care professionals) in addition to usual care or to usual care supplemented with Web-based psycho-education (enhanced usual care). Depression-free years (DFYs) were assessed by blinded diagnostic raters using the telephone-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis Disorders at 6- and 12-month follow-up, covering the period to the previous assessment. Costs were self-assessed through a questionnaire. Costs measured from a societal and health care perspective were related to DFYs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Results: In total, 406 participants were enrolled in the trial. The mean treatment duration was 5.84 (SD 4.37) weeks. On average, participants completed 4.93 of 6 sessions. Significantly more DFYs were gained in the intervention group (0.82 vs 0.70). Likewise, QALY health gains were in favor of the intervention, but only statistically significant when measured with the more sensitive SF-6D. The incremental per-participant costs were €136 (£116). Taking the health care perspective and assuming a willingness-to-pay of €20,000 (£17,000), the intervention’s likelihood of being cost-effective was 99% for gaining a DFY and 64% or 99% for gaining an EQ-5D or a SF-6D QALY. Conclusions: Our study supports guidelines recommending Web-based treatment for sD and adds that this not only restores health in people with sD, but additionally reduces the risk of developing a MDD. Offering the intervention has an acceptable likelihood of being more cost-effective than enhanced usual care and could therefore reach community members on a wider scale. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00004709; http://www.drks.de/DRKS00004709 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6kAZVUxy9)
Keywords: prevention; major depressive disorders; Internet; early intervention; cost effectiveness

Preventing the onset of major depressive disorder: a meta-analytic review of psychological interventions. - Van Zoonen, Kim; Buntrock, Claudia; Ebert, David; Smit, Filip; Reynolds, Charles F.; Beekman, Aartjan T. F.; Cuijpers, Pim (International Journal of Epidemiology, 2014)
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are highly prevalent, have a detrimental impact on the quality of life of patients and their relatives and are associated with increased mortality rates, high levels of service use and substantial economic costs. Current treatments are estimated to only reduce about one-third of the disease burden of depressive disorders. Prevention may be an alternative strategy to further reduce the disease burden of depression. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of preventive interventions in participants with no diagnosed depression at baseline on the incidence of diagnosed depressive disorders at follow-up. We identified 32 studies that met our inclusion criteria. RESULTS We found that the relative risk of developing a depressive disorder was incidence rate ratio = 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.91), indicating a 21% decrease in incidence in prevention groups in comparison with control groups. Heterogeneity was low (I(2) = 24%). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one new case of depressive disorder was 20. Sensitivity analyses revealed no differences between type of prevention (e.g. selective, indicated or universal) nor between type of intervention (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy or other). However, data on NNT did show differences. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of depression seems feasible and may, in addition to treatment, be an effective way to delay or prevent the onset of depressive disorders. Preventing or delaying these disorders may contribute to the further reduction of the disease burden and the economic costs associated with depressive disorders.

Preventing violence in seven countries: Global convergence in policies - Junger, Marianne; Feder, Lynette; Clay, Joy; Côté, Sylvana M.; Farrington, David P.; Freiberg, Kate; Genovés, Vicente Garrido; Homel, Ross; Lösel, Friedrich; Manning, Matthew; Mazerolle, Paul; Santos, Rob; et al. (European journal on criminal policy and research, 2007)
Do governments take the measures that are supported by the best scientific evidence available? We present a brief review of the situation in: Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Our findings show surprisingly similar developments across countries. While all seven countries are moving towards evidence-based decision making regarding policies and programs to prevent violence, there remain a number of difficulties before this end can be achieved. Forexample, there continue to be few randomized controlled trials or rigorous quasiexperimental studies on aggression and violence. Results from experimental research are essential to both policy makers and researchers to determine the effectiveness of programs as well as increase our knowledge of the problem. Additionally, all noted that media attention for violence is high in their country, often leading to management by crisis with the result that policies are not based on evidence, but instead seek to appease public outrage. And perhaps because of attendant organizational problems (i.e., in many countries violence prevention was not under the guise of one particular agency or ministry), most have not developed a coordinated policy focusing on the prevention of violence and physical aggression. It is hypothesized that leaders in democratic countries, who must run for election every 4 to 6 years, may feel a need to focus on short-term planning rather than long-term preventive policies since the costs, but not the benefits for the latter would be incurred while they still served in office. We also noted a general absence of expertise beyond those within scientific circles. The need for these ideas to be more widely accepted will be an essential ingredient to real and sustaining change. This means that there must be better communication and increased understanding between researchers and policy makers. Toward those ends, the recent establishment of the Campbell Collaboration, formed to provide international systematic reviews of program effectiveness, will make these results more available and accessible to politicians, administrators and those charged with making key policy decisions.
Keywords: Kriminalprävention

Prevention and Treatment of Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems in College Students: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses - Cuijpers, Pim; Miguel, Clara; Ciharova, Marketa; Aalten, Pauline; Batelaan, Neeltje; Salemink, Elske; Spinhoven, Philip; Struijs, Sascha; De Wit, Leonore; Gentili, Claudio; Ebert, David; Harrer, Mathias; et al. (Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 2021)
We conducted an umbrella review of 31 meta-analyses with 608 primary studies, examining the effects of psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of mental and psychological problems in college students. The proportion of unique primary studies included in the meta-analyses ranged from 6 to 100%. For problems like depression, anxiety, and stress, effective universal, indicated, and treatment interventions are available. For alcohol problems effects are small and it is not clear if these are clinically relevant. Effective interventions have been developed for smoking cessation, test-anxiety, internet addiction, procrastination, and bystander sexual assault prevention programs. The quality of most metaanalyses and almost all primary studies was suboptimal. Therefore, all findings have to be considered with caution.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-10

Prevention of eating disorders at universities: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Harrer, Mathias; Adam, Sophia H.; Messner, Eva-Maria; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Auerbach, Randy P.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Jacobi, Corinna; Taylor, Craig Barr; Ebert, David D. (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2020)
Background Eating problems are highly prevalent among young adults. Universities could be an optimal setting to prevent the onset of eating disorders through psychological intervention. As part of the World Mental Health-International College Student initiative, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes data on the efficacy of eating disorder prevention programs targeting university students. Method A systematic literature search of bibliographical databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) for randomized trials comparing psychological preventive interventions for eating disorders targeting university students with psychoeducation or inactive controls was performed on October 22, 2019. Results Twenty-seven studies were included. Thirteen (48.1%) were rated to have a low risk of bias. The relative risk of developing a subthreshold or full-blown eating disorder was incidence rate ratio = 0.62 (95% CI [0.44, 0.87], n(c) = 8, numbers-needed-to-treat [NNT] = 26.08; standardized clinical interviews only), indicating a 38% decrease in incidence in the intervention groups compared to controls. Small to moderate between-group effects at posttest were found on eating disorder symptoms (g = 0.35, 95% CI [0.24, 0.46], NNT = 5.10, n(c) = 26), dieting (g = 0.43, 95% CI [0.29, 0.57], NNT = 4.17, n(c) = 21), body dissatisfaction (g = 0.40, 95% CI [0.27, 0.53], NNT = 4.48, n(c) = 25), drive for thinness (g = 0.43, 95% CI [0.27, 0.59], NNT = 4.23, n(c) = 12), weight concerns (g = 0.33, 95% CI [0.10, 0.57], NNT = 5.35, n(c) = 13), and affective symptoms (g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.15, 0.38], NNT = 6.70, n(c) = 18). The effects on bulimia nervosa symptoms were not significant. Heterogeneity was moderate across comparisons. Discussion Eating disorder prevention on campus can have significant, small-to-moderate effects on eating disorder symptoms and risk factors. Results also suggest that the prevention of subthreshold and full-syndrome eating disorders is feasible using such interventions. More research is needed to identify ways to motivate students to use preventive eating disorder interventions. Antecedentes Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son altamente prevalentes entre los adultos jovenes. Las universidades podrian ser un entorno optimo para prevenir la aparicion de trastornos alimentarios a traves de la intervencion psicologica. Como parte de la iniciativa World Mental Health-International College Student, esta revision sistematica y meta-analisis sintetiza datos sobre la eficacia de los programas de prevencion de trastornos alimentarios dirigidos a estudiantes universitarios. Metodo Una busqueda bibliografica sistematica de datos bibliograficas (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) para ensayos aleatorios que comparaban intervenciones preventivas psicologicas para trastornos alimentarios dirigidos a estudiantes universitarios con psicoeducacion o controles inactivos fue realizada hasta el 22 de octubre de 2019. Resultados Se incluyeron 27 estudios. Trece (48,1%) fueron calificados como de bajo riesgo de sesgo. El riesgo relativo de desarrollar un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria subclinico (parcial) o completo fue IRR = 0.62 (95% CI [0.44, 0.87], n(c) = 8, NNT = 26.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-24

Prevention of familial transmission of depression: EFFEKT-E - a selective program for emotionally burdened families - Bühler, Anneke; Kötter, Charlotte; Lösel, Friedrich; Jaursch, Stefanie (Journal of Public Health, 2011)
Aim Parental depression is a strong risk factor for depression in children and is associated with offspring’s behavioral problems. Therefore, prevention measures should aim to reduce the transmission of risk to children of depressed mothers. In this paper, description and evaluation results are reported for EFFEKT-E (Entwicklungsförderung in Familien: Eltern- und Kinder-Training in emotional belasteten Familien), a prevention program to be used in the setting of mother–child rehabilitation clinics. EFFEKT-E is a family-oriented program including parent training and social skills training for pre-school children. Subjects and methods The evaluation study contained 375 mothers and their children. The program was evaluated in a quasi-experimental pre-post-follow-up design using instruments on parenting behavior and children’s emotional and behavioral problems. Results Evaluation showed satisfying out reach and implementation of the program. Compared to a treatment-as-usual condition, EFFEKT-E children exhibited less emotional disruption and hyperactivity. Mother’s sense of parental competence was promoted, problematic parenting behavior decreased. Conclusion EFFEKT-E is an evidence-based selective program which has the potential to prevent intergenerational transmission of depression.
Keywords: Selective prevention; Family-oriented; Depression; Behavioral problems; Children; Depressed mothers

Prevention of familial transmission of depression through a family oriented program targeting parenting as well as the child's social competence - Stemmler, Mark; Kötter, Charlotte; Bühler, Anneke; Jaursch, Stefanie; Beelmann, Andreas; Lösel, Friedrich (Journal of children's services, 2013)
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to evaluate the prevention programme EFFEKT‐E that was designed for preschool children of depressive mothers and contains an intervention for children and for mothers. Design/methodology/approach – Research was carried out in mother‐child clinics in Germany. In total, 220 strained mothers, who were screened for elevated levels of depressive symptoms, were enrolled in the control and 186 in the training group. For evaluation, mothers rated emotional disturbance and social competence of the child as outcome measures before and after the training. Changes in parenting behaviour, perceived parental competence and parenting stress were also assessed. Findings – An effect on emotional disturbance of the child emerged (d=0.52) in the training group. Perceived parental competence increased (d=0.72) and parental stress decreased (d=0.23) significantly under training. EFFEKT‐E has proven to be a valuable programme for preventing depression in offspring of mothers who feel depressed. Originality/value – The article identifies the significance of focusing on parenting as a preventive intervention in the mechanisms of familial transmission of depression and evaluation of a family‐oriented programme for young children designed to achieve this.
Keywords: Mental health; Parents; Children; Depression; Family; Prevention; Maternal depression; Familial transmission; Parenting training; Child training

Prevention of Mental Health Disorders using Internet and mobile-based Interventions: a narrative review and recommendations for future research - Ebert, David; Cuijpers, Pim; Munoz, Ricardo; Baumeister, Harald (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2017)

Prisoners with Islamist relations. What can we learn from their files - King, Sonja; Endres, Johann; Schwaß, Mariann; Stemmler, Mark; Armborst, Andreas; Lauchs, Lora (International Journal of Developmental Science, 2018)

Problematic smartphone use in young Swiss men: Its association with problematic substance use and risk factors derived from the pathway model - Dey, Michelle; Studer, Joseph; Schaub, Michael Patrick; Gmel, Gerhard; Ebert, David; Lee, Jenny Yi Chen; Haug, Severin (Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2019)
Background and aims: This study aimed to examine associations between risk factors suggested in the pathway model proposed by Billieux et al., demographic and substance use variables, and problematic smartphone use (PSU). Methods: The analytical sample consisted of 5,096 Swiss men (mean age = 25.5 years, SD = 1.26). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted with PSU as dependent and the following as independent variables: (a) Billieux's pathway model variables (depression, social anxiety, ADHD, aggression-hostility, and sensation seeking); (b) substance use variables [alcohol: At-risk risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD); at-risk volume drinking; tobacco use: Daily smoking; illicit drug use: More than weekly cannabis use; having used at least one other illicit drug besides cannabis over the preceding 12 months]; and (c) sociodemographic variables (age, language region, and education). Results: All pathway-model variables except sensation seeking were significant predictors of PSU, especially symptoms of social anxiety (β = 0.196) and ADHD (β = 0.184). At-risk RSOD was positively (β = 0.071) associated with PSU, whereas both frequent cannabis use (β =-0.060) and daily cigarette smoking (β =-0.035) were negatively associated with PSU. Higher-achieved educational levels and being from the Germanspeaking part of Switzerland predicted PSU. Discussion and conclusions: The findings of this study can be used to develop tailored interventional programs that address the co-occurrence of certain risky behaviors (e.g., at-risk RSOD and PSU) and target individuals who might be particularly prone to PSU. Such interventions would need to ensure that addressing one problem (e.g., decreasing PSU) does not lead to some other compensatory behavior (e.g., frequent cigarette smoking).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-23
Keywords: Pathway model; Problematic smartphone use; Representative sample; Smartphone addiction; Substance use; Switzerland

Probleme der Replikation von Ergebnissen in der Kriminalprävention und die Notwendigkeit der Differenzierung - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Evidenzorientierte Kriminalprävention in Deutschland, 2018)
Keywords: Replikation; Kriminalprävention

Problem-solving therapy for adult depression: An updated meta-analysis - Cuijpers, Pim; De Wit, Leonore; Kleiboer, Annet; Karyotaki, Eirini; Ebert, David (European Psychiatry, 2018)
Keywords: Meta-analysis; Problem-solving therapy; Comparative outcomes; Depression

Processing of food stimuli in anorexia nervosa: An ERP-study comparing adolescents and adults - Stonawski, Valeska; Mai-Lippold, Sandra A.; Graap, Holmer; Moll, Gunther; Kratz, Oliver; Van Doren, Jessica; Horndasch, Stefanie (European Eating Disorders Review, 2023)
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with altered processing of disorder-relevant stimuli. Event-related potentials (ERP) – such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP) – give information about the underlying mechanisms of central nervous stimulus processing. Methods: Patients with AN (22 adolescents, 23 adults) and healthy controls (HCs; 17 adolescents, 24 adults) were included. Neutral, low, and high calorie food-images were rated for valence and arousal; EEG activity was recorded and LPPs (early: 350–700 ms; late: 800–1200 ms) were extracted. Effects of patient status, age group, and stimulus category were analyzed via mixed 2 × 2 × 3-AN(C)OVAs. Results: Patients with AN rated high calorie stimuli lower in valence and higher in arousal than HCs. Controlling for hunger, food stimuli elicited higher early LPPs than neutral ones in patients and HCs. For the late LPP, patients with AN showed larger amplitudes. Conclusion: Results suggest a highly automatic attentional bias towards low-calorie foods. Patients with AN seem to have more intense cognitive processing independent of stimulus material. More research is needed to validate and clarify differences between early and late LPP measures as well as the operationalization and relevance of hunger status.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: adulthood; anorexia nervosa; childhood; food; LPP

Prognose dissozialen Verhaltens von Kindern: Ergebnisse zur prädiktiven Validität des Cracow Risk Assessment Instruments von Corrado et al. - Wallner, Susanne; Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (45. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2006)

Prognose dissozialen Verhaltens von Kindern. Erprobung des Krakau-Instruments von Corrado et al. - Wallner, Susanne (Tagung der Neuen Kriminologischen Gesellschaft (NKG), 2005)

Prognose dissozialen Verhaltens von Kindern. Erprobung des Krakau-Instruments von Corrado et al. - Wallner, Susanne; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark; Jaursch, Stefanie (17. Tagung der Fachgruppe Entwicklungspsychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2005)

Prognose von Berufserfolg: Überblick und aktuelle Trends. - Spurk, Daniel; Volmer, Judith; Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Handbuch Berufsforschung, 2013)
Es wird informiert über die Forschung zur Prognose von Berufserfolg. Zunächst wird auf das Konzept des Berufserfolgs und dessen Korrelate eingegangen. Berufserfolg wird als Ergebnis von Wettkampf oder Förderung und übergeordneten Prognosekategorien (Humankapital, organisationale Förderungsmaßnahmen, soziodemographische Variablen, stabile individuelle Unterschiede) thematisiert. Bei der Darstellung aktueller Entwicklungen wird unter anderem darauf hingewiesen, dass in jüngster Vergangenheit selbstregulatorische Ansätze mit Konzepten wie Selbstwirksamkeit oder Zielen verstärkt berücksichtigt werden und dass Mobilitätstheorien im Sinne von tatsächlicher geographischer und organisationaler Mobilität sowie dazugehörige psychologische Konstrukte wie "neue" Karriereeinstellung im Kontext der Prognose von Berufserfolg an Bedeutung gewinnen. Abschließend werden zentrale Forschungsergebnisse zusammengefasst und aktuelle Trends benannt. Dabei wird unter anderem hervorgehoben, dass selbstregulatorische Kompetenzen für heutige (oft nicht gradlinig verlaufende) Berufsprozesse besonders wichtig sind, dass das Setzen von inhaltlich berufsbezogenen persönlichen Zielen und das Vertrauen in die eigenen beruflichen Fähigkeiten und die regelmäßige Adjustierung von verfolgten Zielen für erwerbstätige Personen entscheidend sind, um langfristig beschäftigungsfähig zu bleiben und erfolgreich zu sein. Weitere Forschung über die Veränderbarkeit selbstregulativer Kompetenzen (etwa berufliche Selbstwirksamkeit) wird für wichtig erachtet, da so gezielt Trainings- bzw. Interventionsmaßnahmen in der Personalarbeit und Laufbahnberatung entwickelt, angeboten und durchgeführt werden können. Es wird die Ansicht vertreten, dass aufgrund globalisierter und dynamischer Arbeitswelten, die sich zudem interkulturell und bereichsspezifisch unterscheiden, selbstregulative Fähigkeiten zukünftig noch wichtiger werden.
Keywords: Berufserfolgsprognose; Beruflicher Erfolg; Psychologische Theorien; Selbstregulation; Berufsberatung; Arbeitnehmermerkmale; Zielsetzung; Individuelle Unterschiede

Projekt Literarästhetische Urteilskompetenz. Strukturelle und kriteriale Validität der literarästhetischen Urteilskompetenz. - Roick, Thorsten; Stanat, Petra; Dickhäuser, Oliver; Frederking, Volker; Meier, Christel; Steinhauer, Lydia (Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, 2010)

Propensity, Criminogenic Exposure, and Individual Risk in the Development of Antisocial Behavior in Childhood and Youth: Results from the German CURL-Study - Wallner, Susanne; Stemmler, Mark (Stockholm Criminology Symposium 2016, 2016)

Properties of motive-specific incentives - Stanton, Steven J.; Hall, Judie L.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Implicit motives, 2010)
Implicit motives orient one’s attention toward motivational incentives and energize and select behaviors that facilitate incentive attainment. Yet, the exact qualities of these incentives were not rigorously explored until recently, and early research reports hindered the field by only offering vague references to what motivational incentives were. This chapter discusses and critiques major models of motive-specific incentives by McClelland and colleagues from the 1950s and 1980s as well as those by Schultheiss in the 2000s. Lastly, this chapter argues that nonverbal signals are the core implicit motivational incentives and presents a motivational field theory of motivational incentives proposing that facial expressions of emotion function as motive-specific incentives.
Keywords: implicit and explicit motivation; facial expressions of emotion; affect; motivational incentives; motivational field theory

Prospective associations of negative mood and emotion regulation in the occurrence of binge eating in binge eating disorder - Svaldi, Jennifer; Werle, Dustin; Naumann, Eva; Eichler, Eva; Berking, Matthias (Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2019)
Retrospective and experimental data demonstrate the importance of emotion regulation (ER) in the maintenance of binge episodes in binge eating disorder (BED). The current study tested whether mood and ER prospectively influence binge episodes in individuals with BED via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Individuals with BED (n = 79) completed two weeks of EMA. Each sampling point consisted of a series of questions pertaining to participants’ mood, ER, and eating behaviour. Successful application of adaptive ER strategies predicted subsequent abstinence, while rumination predicted subsequent binge episodes. However, neither successful application of adaptive ER, nor maladaptive ER, moderated the association between negative mood and probability of binge episodes. This naturalistic study emphasizes the importance of promoting the successful application of adaptive ER skills and cessation of rumination in treatment interventions designed to decrease the occurrence of binge episodes in BED.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-06-04
Keywords: Acceptance; Ambulatory assessment; Binge eating disorder; Ecological momentary assessment; Emotion regulation; Rumination

Prospective associations of technostress at work, burnout symptoms, hair cortisol, and chronic low-grade inflammation - Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Marques, Mathew D.; Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nowak, Dennis; Wright, Bradley J.; Weigl, Matthias (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2024)
Background: Working conditions in the age of digitalization harbor risks for chronic stress and burnout. However, real-world investigations into biological effects of technostress, that is stress in the context of digital technology use, are sparse. This study prospectively assessed associations between technostress, general work stress, burnout symptoms, hair cortisol, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Methods: Hospital employees (N = 238, 182 females, Mage = 28.5 years) participated in a prospective cohort study with two follow-ups six months apart (T2, T3). Participants answered standardized questionnaires on general job strain (job demand-control ratio), technostressors (work interruptions, multitasking, information overload), burnout symptoms (exhaustion, mental distance), and relevant confounders. Moreover, they provided capillary blood samples for C-reactive protein (CRP) and hair strands for hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis. Structural equation modelling was performed. Results: The factorial structure of survey measures was confirmed. Burnout symptoms (MT2 = 2.17, MT3 = 2.33) and HCC (MT2 = 4.79, MT3 = 9.56; pg/mg) increased over time, CRP did not (MT2 = 1.15, MT3 = 1.21; mg/L). Adjusted path models showed that technostress was negatively associated with HCC (β = −0.16, p =.003), but not with burnout and CRP. General work stress in contrast, was not significantly associated with burnout, HCC or CRP. Furthermore, there were reciprocal effects of CRP on HCC (β = 0.28, p =.001) and of HCC on CRP (β = −0.10, p ≤.001). Associations were robust in additional analyses including further confounders. Conclusion: This is the first study on prospective effects of technostress on employees’ endocrine and inflammatory systems. Results suggest differential effects of technostress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity. Given its key role for long-term health, the findings have important implications for occupational health and safety in digitalized work environments.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-02-16
Keywords: Burnout; C-reactive protein; Chronic low-grade inflammation; Digital stress; Hair cortisol; Technostress; Work stress

Protective and risk effects of peer relations and social support on antisocial behavior in adolescents from multi-problem milieus - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Journal of Adolescence, 1997)
This article addresses the relation between antisocial behaviour and social resources in a 2-year longitudinal study of 100 high-risk adolescents in residential care. Problem behaviour was measured with the Externalizing Scale of the Youth Self Report. Social resources were recorded using semi-structured methods. Hierarchical regression analyses showed interactions suggesting that the same variables can fulfil risk as well as protective functions: clique membership and satisfaction with social support fostered behavioural continuity. In contrast, a lack of social embeddedness had a risk effect for well-adapted adolescents and a protective effect for the deviant ones. Social resources were more influential in girls. Theoretical implications and methodological problems are discussed.

Protective factors against crime and violence in adolescence - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression, 2017)
Keywords: protective factors; aggression; violence

Protective factors against extremism and violent radicalization: A systematic review of research. - Lösel, Friedrich; King, Sonja; Bender, Doris; Jugl, Irina (International Journal of Developmental Science, 2018)
Extremism and radicalization towards violence are urgent topics in many countries. Numerous research projects are carried out, of which many focus on risk factors only. In contrast, this article contains a systematic review of the rare international research on protective factors. After screening more than 2,000 documents, we found 17 reports containing 21 analyses that specifically addressed potential protective effects and provided quantitative data. Most studies addressed religious/ethnic extremism; far-right, far-left, and mixed forms were less frequent. Thirty different protective factors showed significant effects. Many were found in single analyses, but there were various replicated factors such as self-control, adherence to law, acceptance of police legitimacy, illness, positive parenting behavior, non-violent significant others, good school achievement, non-violent peers, contact to foreigners, and a basic attachment to society. Most findings are similar to what we know from more general research on youth violence, but there are also some protective factors that seem to be more specific, particularly with regard to religious/ethnic extremism. In conclusion, it is suggested to relate the topic of extremism and violent radicalization more strongly with other fields of developmental and life course criminology. For further progress on this path, more research on protective factors and integrated theoretical concepts are needed. This will also contribute to effective prevention
Keywords: Protective factor; extremism; radicalization; terrorism; systematic review

Protective factors and resilience - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Early prevention of adult antisocial behaviour, 2003)

Protektive Faktoren der psychisch gesunden Entwicklung junger Menschen: Ein Beitrag zur Kontroverse um saluto- versus pathogenetische Modelle - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Gesundheits- oder Krankheitstheorie? Saluto- versus pathogenetische Ansätze im Gesundheitswesen, 1998)

Protektive Faktoren gegen Delinquenzentwicklungen - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Täterbehandlung und neue Sanktionsformen, 2000)

Prozessevaluation der psychotherapeutischen Fachambulanz für Gewaltstraftäter in München. Zweiter Zwischenbericht der wissenschaftlichen Begleituntersuchung der psychotherapeutischen Fachambulanzen für Gewaltstraftäter in München, Nürnberg und Würzburg - Carl, Lena; Schmucker, Martin (2016)

Prüfungsemotionen, Lernen und Leistung - Pekrun, Reinhard; Michaela, Hochstadt; Kramer, Klaudia; et al. (Motivation und Lernen aus der Perspektive lebenslanger Entwicklung, 1996)

Psychische Widerstandsfähigkeit im Jugendalter: Eine Längsschnittstudie im Multiproblem-Milieu - Bender, Doris (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1995)

Psychoedukation Angst bei stationären Patienten - Evaluation des kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Gruppenprogramms „PAsta" - Summ, Elisabeth; Frieling, Helge; Gruß, Barbara; Stemmler, Mark; Bleich, Stefan; Kornhuber, Johannes (Fortschritte der Neurologie - Psychiatrie, 2009)
Hintergrund: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, ein psychoedukatives Gruppenprogramm für stationär behandelte Patienten mit heterogenen Angststörungen zu entwickeln und zu evaluieren. Methode: 28 stationär behandelte Patienten nahmen zusätzlich zur psychiatrischen Standardtherapie an psychoedukativen Gruppensitzungen teil. Die Ergebnisse dieser Gruppe wurden mit 13 Patienten, die nur die Standardtherapie erhielten (Kontrolle) im Prä-Post-Design bezüglich Krankheitswissen, psychischer Gesundheit und Selbstwirksamkeit verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die Psychoedukationsgruppe konnte sich signifikant im Krankheitswissen steigern (d = 0,80). Behandlungseffekte zwischen 0,12 und 0,60 zeigen sich in der psychischen Gesundheit vor allem in der depressiven, aber auch in der Angst-Symptomatik. Erste Ansätze im Aufbau von Selbstwirksamkeit (d = 0,20) sind erkennbar. Schlussfolgerung: Das Hauptziel einer Verbesserung des Krankheitswissens konnte durch das Gruppenprogramm erreicht werden. Insgesamt bestätigen die Studienergebnisse die Bedeutung psychoedukativer Interventionen in der stationären Behandlung schwerstbeeinträchtigter Patienten mit Ängsten.
Keywords: Angststörungen; Psychoedukation; kognitiv-behaviorale Gruppentherapie; Evaluation

Psychoendokrinologie GK-Nr. 1.2.2. - Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie von A-Z, 2008)

Psychoendokrinologische und -immunologische Veränderungen während der Lebensspanne - Kudielka, Brigitte; Rohleder, Nicolas (2011)

Psychological determinants of the cortisol stress response: The role of anticipatory cognitive appraisal - Gaab, Jens; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nater, Urs; Ehlert, Ulrike (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2005)

Psychological Differences between Radicalized and non-Radicalized Muslim Prisoners: A Qualitative Analysis of their Frame Alignment - Stemmler, Mark; Endres, Johann; King, Sonja; Ritter, Bianca; Becker, Kristina (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2021)
Do radicalized Muslim prisoners differ from non-radicalized Muslim prisoners with regard to Kruglanski's (2004) quest for significance (QFS), need for (cognitive) closure (NFC), and their frame alignment regarding ideological and religious issues? To answer this research question N = 26 male inmates from Bavarian prisons were interviewed. The radicalized prisoners or extremists (n = 13) had been identified as Salafi or Jihadi adherents by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution (Bayerischer Verfassungsschutz) and therefore had a security note. The comparison group were non-radicalized Muslim inmates (n = 13); the vast majority had a migration background.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-22

Psychological interventions as an alternative and add-on to antidepressant medication to prevent depressive relapse: systematic review and meta-analysis - Breedvelt, Josefien Johanna Froukje; Brouwer, Maria Elisabeth; Harrer, Mathias; Semkovska, Maria; Ebert, David Daniel; Cuijpers, Pim; Bockting, Claudi Louisa Hermina (British Journal of Psychiatry, 2021)
Background After remission, antidepressants are often taken long term to prevent depressive relapse or recurrence. Whether psychological interventions can be a viable alternative or addition to antidepressants remains unclear. Aims To compare the effectiveness of psychological interventions as an alternative (including delivered when tapering antidepressants) or addition to antidepressants alone for preventing depressive relapse. Method Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO were searched from inception until 13 October 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with previously depressed patients in (partial) remission where preventive psychological interventions with or without antidepressants (including tapering) were compared with antidepressant control were included. Data were extracted independently from published trials. A random-effects meta-analysis on time to relapse (hazard ratio, HR) and risk of relapse (risk ratio, RR) at the last point of follow-up was conducted. PROSPERO ID: CRD42017055301. Results Among 11 included trials (n = 1559), we did not observe an increased risk of relapse for participants receiving a psychological intervention while tapering antidepressants versus antidepressants alone (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.25; P = 0.85). Psychological interventions added to antidepressants significantly reduced the risk of relapse (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.97; P = 0.01) compared with antidepressants alone. Conclusions This study found no evidence to suggest that adding a psychological intervention to tapering increases the risk of relapse when compared with antidepressants alone. Adding a psychological intervention to antidepressant use reduces relapse risk significantly versus antidepressants alone. As neither strategy is routinely implemented these findings are relevant for patients, clinicians and guideline developers.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-08

Psychological interventions to improve sleep in college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials - Saruhanjan, Karina; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Bauer, Tobias; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Spiegelhalder, Kai; Auerbach, Randy P.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Karyotaki, Eirini; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David Daniel (Journal of Sleep Research, 2020)
Sleep disturbances and insomnia are common in college students, and reduce their quality of life and academic performance. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep in college students. A meta-analysis was conducted with 10 randomized controlled trials with passive control conditions (N = 2,408). The overall mean effect size (Hedges’ g) of all sleep-related outcomes within each trial was moderate to large (g = 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.41−0.81; numbers-needed-to-treat = 3). Effect sizes for global measures of sleep disturbances were g = 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.52−1.06; and for sleep-onset latency g = 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.36−0.94. The follow-up analyses revealed an effect size of g = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.45−0.66 for the combined sleep-related outcomes based on three studies. No significant covariates were identified. These results should be interpreted cautiously due to an overall substantial risk of bias, and in particular with regard to blinding of participants and personnel. Nevertheless, they provide evidence that psychological interventions for improving sleep are efficacious among college students. Further research should explore long-term effects and potential moderators of treatment efficacy in college students.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-24
Keywords: insomnia; meta-analysis; sleep disturbances; students

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC STRESS DEVELOPMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC - Becker, Linda; Manns, Laura C. Ramiro Pires; Ludwig, Maximilian; Tschorn, Rieke; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-09-17

Psychological resilience among young persons from high-risk environments - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Children and resilience, 1997)

PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT of DEPRESSION in COLLEGE STUDENTS: A METAANALYSIS - Cuijpers, Pim; Cristea, Ioana A.; Ebert, David; Koot, Hans M.; Auerbach, Randy P.; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Kessler, Ronald C.; Berking, Matthias (Depression and Anxiety, 2016)
Background Expanded efforts to detect and treat depression among college students, a peak period of onset, have the potential to bear high human capital value from a societal perspective because depression increases college withdrawal rates. However, it is not clear whether evidence-based depression therapies are as effective in college students as in other adult populations. The higher levels of cognitive functioning and IQ and higher proportions of first-onset cases might lead to treatment effects being different among college students relative to the larger adult population. Methods We conducted a metaanalysis of randomized trials comparing psychological treatments of depressed college students relative to control groups and compared effect sizes in these studies to those in trials carried out in unselected populations of depressed adults. Results The 15 trials on college students satisfying study inclusion criteria included 997 participants. The pooled effect size of therapy versus control was g = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66-1.11; NNT = 2.13) with moderate heterogeneity (I = 57; 95% CI: 23-72). None of these trials had low risk of bias. Effect sizes were significantly larger when students were not remunerated (e.g. money, credit), received individual versus group therapy, and were in trials that included a waiting list control group. No significant difference emerged in comparing effect sizes among college students versus adults either in simple mean comparisons or in multivariate metaregression analyses. Conclusions This metaanalysis of trials examining psychological treatments of depression in college students suggests that these therapies are effective and have effect sizes comparable to trials carried out among depressed adults.
Keywords: behavioral activation therapy; cognitive behavior therapy; college students; depression; metaanalysis; psychotherapy

Psychological treatment of depression in institutional settings: A meta-analytic review - Cuijpers, Pim; Ciharova, Marketa; Miguel, Clara; Harrer, Mathias; Ebert, David D.; Brakemeier, Eva Lotta; Karyotaki, Eirini (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021)
Background: Many depressed patients are treated in institutional settings. The number of studies focusing on psychotherapies for depressed patients in institutional settingsis limited, and only a few up-to-date meta-analyses have integrated the results of these studies. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 randomized trials with 37 comparisons between psychotherapy and control conditions, examining the effects of psychotherapy for adult patients in institutional settings with depressive disorders. Results: We found that psychotherapy had a significant, small to moderate effect on depressive symptoms (g=0.42; 95% CI: 0.29 0.56), with low to moderate heterogeneity (I2=33; 95% CI: 0 55). The effects remained small but significant after adjustment for publication bias (g=0.27; 95% CI: 0.12 0.42) and in the studies with low risk of bias (g=0.32; 95% CI: 0.11 0.52). The effects were largely retained at 9 to 15 months follow-up and still significant, again after adjustment for publication bias and in studies with low risk of bias. We found no significant difference across types of institutional settings, including psychiatric inpatient settings and nursing homes, although no studies with a low risk of bias were available in nursing homes. Limitations: We included different types of institutional settings, although we did not find a significant difference between settings. The number of studies was small and risk of bias was high in a considerable number of trials. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence for a small to moderate and sustained effect of psychotherapy in patients in institutional settings with depression.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-02
Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy; depression; inpatients; meta-analysis; nursing homes; psychotherapy

Psychological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A meta-analysis - Cuijpers, Pim; Sijbrandij, Marit; Koole, Sander; Huibers, Marcus; Berking, Matthias; Andersson, Gerhard (Clinical Psychology Review, 2014)
Recent years have seen a near-doubling of the number of studies examining the effects of psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults. The present article integrates this new evidence with the older literature through a quantitative meta-analysis. A total of 41 studies (with 2132 patients meeting diagnostic criteria for GAD) were identified through systematic searches in bibliographical databases, and were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies examined the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The majority of studies used waiting lists as control condition. The pooled effect of the 38 comparisons (from 28 studies) of psychotherapy versus a control group was large (g = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71–0.97) with low to moderate heterogeneity. The effects based on self-report measures were somewhat lower than those based on clinician-rated instruments. The effects on depression were also large (g = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59–0.82). There were some indications for publication bias. The number of studies comparing CBT with other psychotherapies (e.g., applied relaxation) or pharmacotherapy was too small to draw conclusions about comparative effectiveness or the long-term effects. There were some indications that CBT was also effective at follow-up and that CBT was more effective than applied relaxation in the longer term.
Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder; Cognitive behavior therapy; Psychotherapy; Meta-analysis; Randomized trial; Comparative outcome studies

Psychologische Perspektiven auf Fremdenfeindlichkeit. - Abele, Andrea E. (Fremdheit, Integration, Vielfalt? Interdisziplinäre Diskurse zu Migration und Gesellschaft., 2021)

Psychology and law: International perspectives - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris; Bliesener, Thomas (De Gruyter, 1992)

Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE) - Reichl, Daniela; Enewoldsen, Niklas; Berking, Matthias; Fuhrmann, Lukas; Lang, Catharina; Saur, Sebastian; Weisel, Kiona; Steins-Loeber, Sabine (Diagnostica, 2022)
Consumption patterns and abstinence are popular, albeit insufficient, indicators in the recovery process from an alcohol use disorder (AUD). To meet the requirement of suitable measurement tools for a patient-centered recovery, we developed a German version of the Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE), which we then evaluated in individuals with AUD at 6 weeks (2 subsamples: n = 135 and 120) and 6 months (n = 224) after withdrawal treatment. In the first subsample, we identified the factorial structure and calculated reliability and validity indices. In the second subsample, we checked the factorial structure by a confirmative analysis. The tool was shown to be reliable and valid. The original 5-factor structure showed a good fit, although a 3-factor structure was more suitable. These results were largely confirmed in the third sample. Despite some study limitations, the German version is a psychometrically valid measurement tool to assess the recovery from an AUD.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-10-07

Psychoneuroendocrinological and –immunological changes over the life span [Psychoendokrinologische und -immunologische Veränderungen während der Lebensspanne] - Kudielka, Brigitte; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoendokrinologie und Psychoimmunologie, 2011)

Psychoneuroimmunologie - Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, XXIX Gesundheitspsychologie, 2005)

Psychopathie: Ein zentrales Thema der ‚Neurokriminologie‘ - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2014)
Die Persönlichkeitsstörung der ‚Psychopathy‘ (Psychopathie) ist ein Kernthema der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung über Kriminalität. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Kenntnisstand. Hares (1991) Konzept der Psychopathie und die Messung mittels der PCL‑R haben zwar die Forschung wesentlich gefördert, doch bestehen verschiedene Probleme, die dafür sprechen, neuere Ansätze wie das CAPP-Modell zu berücksichtigen. Auch was die Rückfallprognose betrifft, erweist sich die PCL‑R gegenüber anderen strukturierten Instrumenten nicht als überlegen. Der Hauptteil des Beitrags befasst sich mit neurobiologischen Theorien und Ergebnissen zur Psychopathie. Neben Besonderheiten in physiologischen und hormonellen Merkmalen sowie den Neurotransmittern, zeigen sich bei Psychopathen insbesondere Funktionsdefizite im präfrontalen Cortex und in Strukturen des limbischen Systems. Diese Befunde decken sich mit neuropsychologischen Theorien zu Defiziten hinsichtlich corticaler Erregung, Vermeidungslernen, somatischen Markern, Emotionalität, Empathie, Impulskontrolle und Aufmerksamkeitsallokation. In Ergänzung der Fortschritte in der Grundlagenforschung zur Psychopathie deuten sich auch in der Behandlung erfolgversprechende Entwicklungen an. Forschungsdefizite und Perspektiven werden skizziert.   Psychopathy is a core topic of neurobiological research on criminal behavior. This article contains a brief overview on the state of knowledge in this field. Although Hare's (1991) concept of psychopathy and the PCL-R contributed much to sound research, various problems suggest that more recent multidimensional concepts should be included. It is also shown that the PCL-R is not a better predictor of general and violent recidivism than other structured risk assessment instruments. The core part of the article addresses neurobiological theories and findings on psychopathy. Research suggests that psychopaths show deviant levels in physiological, hormonal and neurotransmitter characteristics and, in particular, deficits in the functioning of the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. Such findings fit to theories of deficits in cortical arousal, avoidance learning, somatic markers, emotionality, empathy, self-control, and attention modulation. In addition to progress in basic research on psychopathy there is also some promising development with regard to the treatment and management of psychopaths. Research deficits and future perspectives are briefly outlined.
Keywords: Psychopathie; Neurowissenschaft; Kriminalität; Persönlichkeitsstörung; präfrontaler Cortex; Rückfallprognose; Behandlung; Criminality; Neuroscience; Personality disorder; Prediction; Prefrontal cortex; Psychopathy; Treatment

Psychopathie und Frontalhirnfunktion: Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Frage eines ventromedialen Funktionsdefizits bei Psychopathen. - Schmucker, Martin (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1999)

Psychopathische Merkmale und abweichendes Verhalten - Wallner, Susanne (Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren, 2016)

Psychopathy, risk taking and attention: A differentiated test of the somatic marker hypothesis - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2004)
A. R. Damasio's (1994) somatic marker hypothesis relates psychopathy to deficits in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Using the gambling task (A. Bechara, A. R. Damasio, H. Damasio, & S. Anderson, 1994), the authors tested this premise and the role of attention as a moderator. Forty-nine male prison inmates were assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (R. D. Hare, 1991), the gambling task, and standardized tests on attention-concentration, and intelligence. Results revealed no general relation between psychopathy and gambling task performance. However, psychopathic inmates with low attention scores gambled worse than did the attentive ones. They also had more previous convictions. In nonpsychopathic individuals, attention had no impact. Different processing strategies for psychopathic and nonpsychopathic individuals are proposed to explain these findings.

Psychosocial prevention programs against radicalization and extremism: A meta-analysis of outcome evaluations - Jugl, Irina; Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris; King, Sonja (European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 2021)
Politically, religiously, and otherwise motivated radicalization and violent extremism is a topic of high priority in many countries. Therefore, beyond intelligence and police measures, there is a strong increase of psychosocial prevention programs in this field. However, little is known about their effectiveness. We aimed to fill this research gap by conducting a systematic international review and meta-analysis of outcome evaluations. We screened about 14,000 reports on the topic of extremism prevention, but in spite of broad criteria of eligibility, we only found nine more or less well-controlled outcome evaluations from seven countries. Six programs addressed religious ethnic extremism, one targeted nationalist separatist extremism, and one different types of extremism. Most evaluations had a quasi-experimental prepost design, only one contained a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Overall, programs had a significant mean positive effect on behavioral and psychosocial outcomes related to extremism ((d) over bar = 0.50, (SE) over bar = 0.12). Regarding the specific effects of the programs on psychosocial aspects such as for example extremist attitudes alone, we found similar results ((d) over bar = 0.56, (SE) over bar = 0.11). We found stronger effects for programs with target groups from mixed ethnic backgrounds and approaches addressing both at-risk individuals and participants from the general population. Despite these promising results, the low internal validity of most evaluations and small number of eligible studies limit generalization. More high-quality evaluations are clearly needed. These would help to allocate resources in an evidence-oriented manner and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of successfully preventing radicalization and violent extremism.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-01-22

Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary alpha-amylase: An indicator of sympathetic activity? - Rohleder, Nicolas; Nater, Urs; Wolf, Jutta; Ehlert, Ulrike; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004)

Psychosocial working conditions and chronic low-grade inflammation in geriatric care professionals: A cross-sectional study - Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Weigl, Matthias; Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nowak, Dennis; Quartucci, Caroline (PLoS ONE, 2022)
Background Chronic low-grade inflammation has been suggested as a key factor in the association between stress exposure and long-term health. Care work is recognized as a profession with a high degree of job stress and health risks. However, for care professionals, the study base on inflammatory activity due to adverse working conditions is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to explore associations between self-reported psychosocial working conditions and care professionals’ biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation. Methods N = 140 geriatric care professionals (79.3% females, mean age = 44.1 years) of six care facilities were enrolled in a cross-sectional study consisting of standardized medical examinations and employee surveys. Standardized questionnaires were used for evaluation of psychosocial work characteristics (work overload, job autonomy, social support) based on Karasek’s job strain model. Blood samples were drawn for two biomarkers of inflammatory activity: C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count. Analyses comprised uni- and multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses. Results We determined a proportion of 5.4% of care professionals with increased low-grade inflammation. We further observed a relationship between job autonomy and CRP, such that reports of high job autonomy were associated with increased levels of CRP (adjusted OR = 4.10, 95% CI [1.10, 15.26], p = .035), which was robust in additional analyses on further potential confounders. No significant associations with participants’ leukocyte numbers were found. Conclusions This exploratory study contributes to the research base on links between workplace stress and ensuing illness in care professionals. Our findings may help to identify risk and protective factors of the work environment for chronic low-grade inflammation. The results require further scrutiny, and future prospective studies on associations of psychosocial working conditions, low-grade inflammation and long-term health outcomes in care professionals are needed.
Keywords: Care professional; C-reactive protein; health; immune system; inflammation; inflammatory markers; leukocytes; nurses; occupational stress; work; working conditions

Psychosoziale Gefährdung und Frühprävention - Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich (Psychische und soziale Gefährdung von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Hintergründe und Prävention, 2012)

Pubertäre organisierende Hormoneffekte: Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Gesichtsmerkmalen im Profil und dem impliziten Machtmotiv? [Pubertal organizing hormone effects: Is there a relationship between facial profile features and the implicit power motive?] - Gabduliyanova, Alisa; Riehlein, Lola; Theil, Florence; Steib, Simon; Köllner, Martin (39th Colloquium on Motivational Psychology, 2019)

Public attitudes toward guided internet-based therapies: Web-based survey study - Apolinario-Hagen, Jennifer; Harrer, Mathias; Kählke, Fanny; Fritsche, Lara; Salewski, Christel; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018)
Keywords: Patient preference; Psychological; Mental health; Object attachment; Stress; Attitude to computers; Acceptability of health care; EHealth; Cognitive therapy

Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder - Mesri, Bita; Niles, Andrea N.; Pittig, Andre; Lebeau, Richard T.; Haik, Ethan; Craske, Michelle G. (Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2017)
Background and objectives Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) have both garnered empirical support for the effective treatment of social anxiety disorder. However, not every patient benefits equally from either treatment. Identifying moderators of treatment outcome can help to better understand which treatment is best suited for a particular patient. Methods Forty-nine individuals who met criteria for social anxiety disorder were assessed as part of a randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of CBT and ACT. Pre-treatment avoidance of social situations (measured via a public speaking task and clinician rating) was investigated as a moderator of post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up social anxiety symptoms, stress reactivity, and quality of life. Results Public speaking avoidance was found to be a robust moderator of outcome measures, with more avoidant individuals generally benefitting more from CBT than ACT by 12-month follow-up. In contrast, clinician-rated social avoidance was not found to be a significant moderator of any outcome measure. Limitations Results were found only at 12-month follow-up. More comprehensive measures of avoidance would be useful for the field moving forward. Conclusions Findings inform personalized medicine, suggesting that social avoidance measured behaviorally via a public speaking task may be a more robust factor in treatment prescription compared to clinician-rated social avoidance.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy; Cognitive behavioral therapy; Moderator; Social anxiety; Treatment outcome

Public speaking in front of an unreceptive audience increases implicit power motivation and its endocrine arousal signature - Wiemers, Uta; Schultheiss, Oliver; Wolf, Oliver T. (Hormones and Behavior, 2015)
The present study explored the motivational characteristics of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993). Seventy-two participants either completed the public-speaking component of the TSST or, as a control condition, the friendly TSST (Wiemers, Schoofs, & Wolf, 2013) and wrote picture stories both before and after treatment. Stories were coded for motivational imagery related to power, achievement, and affiliation as well as for activity inhibition, a marker of functional brain lateralization during stress. The TSST had a specific arousing effect on power motivation, but not on other motivational needs, on activity inhibition, or on story length. TSST-elicited increases in power imagery, but not in achievement or affiliation imagery, were associated with a relatively greater salivary alpha-amylase response and with a relatively lesser salivary cortisol response. These findings suggest that the TSST specifically induces power-related stress.
Keywords: Achievement; Activity inhibition; Affiliation; Alpha-amylase; Cortisol; Implicit motivation; Picture Story Exercise; Power; Saliva; Trier Social Stress Test

Pursuit and adjustment of goals during unemployment: The role of age - Niessen, Cornelia; Heinrichs, Nina; Dorr, Sandra (International Journal of Stress Management, 2009)
This longitudinal study investigated the predictive value of 2 self-regulatory processes (goal pursuit and goal adjustment) on mental health and reemployment success over a period of 8 months. A total of 87 unemployed job seekers participated in this study. There is some evidence that age moderated the relationship between goal pursuit and goal adjustment with mental health and reemployment success. Contrary to expectations, goal pursuit was positively related to mental health for relatively older individuals. The authors found no effects of goal adjustment on mental health. However, as expected, goal adjustment had a negative relationship with reemployment success for relatively younger individuals. The authors found no moderator effects of age on the relationship between goal pursuit and reemployment success. Thus, the study revealed different relationships between self-regulatory processes and mental health as well as reemployment success for younger and older individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Pursuit of communal values in an agentic manner: A way to happiness? - Abele, Andrea E. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2014)
Examined the association between traits, values, and life satisfaction. While values should influence the direction of an individual's goals and behavior, his/her traits impact effort expenditure, efficiency, and persistence in goal pursuit. The framework of the "big two" of agency and communion was applied for distinguishing the content of values and traits. While agentic content refers to qualities relevant for goal attainment, such as assertiveness, competence or persistence, communal content refers to qualities relevant for the establishment and maintenance of social relationships, such as being friendly, helpful, or fair. It was predicted that high scores on communal values and high scores on agentic traits are associated with life satisfaction. Two studies were conducted in different countries (Germany and Russia) with different cultural background. Across both countries, positive associations of communal values and agentic traits with life satisfaction were found; and individuals high in communal values and high in agentic traits were most satisfied with their lives. In Russia, the association of communal values with life satisfaction was moderated by agentic traits; in Germany, however, there was a main effect of communal values.
Keywords: Werte; Lebenszufriedenheit; Interkulturelle Unterschiede; Handeln; Beharrlichkeit; Selbstsicherheit; Jugendalter; Erwachsenenalter

Puzzling trust: Should we conceptualize trust as a social attitude? - Methner, Nicole (17th Meeting of the Social Psychology Section, 2019)

Qualität der bayerischen Lehrkräftefortbildung im Fokus der Weiterbildung - Naujoks, Nick (Qualität im Bildungsbereich, 2023)
Durch aktuelle Themen wie den Mangel an Lehrkräften rücken auch Lehrkräftefortbildungen in den Fokus der Bildungsdebatte. Eine Verallgemeinerung der Betrachtungen auf das gesamte Bundesgebiet wird der Thematik jedoch keineswegs gerecht. Die in diesem Beitrag betrachtete Landschaft der Lehrkräftefortbildung im Freistaat Bayern ist vielfältig und operiert hierarchisch skaliert auf allen ebenen der Bildungsinstitution Schule. Ein aktuelles Forschungsdesiderat besteht zur Sicherung und Entwicklung der Qualität, wobei kaum auf bisher vorhandene Strukturen zurückgegriffen werden kann. Metanalysen zur Lehrkräftefortbildung zeigen, dass diese sich positiv auf die Leistungen der Schülerschaft auswirken. Gleichzeitig werden die Qualität und das Gelingen von Fortbildungen für Lehrkräfte jedoch als komplexe Konstrukte herausgestellt, die bisher bundesweit noch nicht ausreichend erfasst werden. Darauf aufbauend kann das im außerschulischen Bereich bereits etablierte Qualitätsmanagementsystem in der Weiterbildung herangezogen werden, welches eine praxisnahe Vorgehensweise zur Sicherung und Entwicklung der Qualität in Organisationen der Weiterbildung bietet und auch in ersten Studien empirisch geprüft wurde. Eine theoretische Zusammenführung des Qualitätsmanagementsystems aus der Weiterbildung mit Strukturen der Lehrkräftefortbildung in Bayern zeigt, dass eine Einführung des Systems eine transparente und planvolle Sicherung und Entwicklung der Qualität schulinterner Fortbildungen ermöglichen könnt
Keywords: Qualitätsmanagement; Lehrkräftefortbildung

Qualitätsstandards psychologisch-psychiatrischer Begutachtung im Asylverfahren - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Asylpraxis, 2001)

Quality of life and patient’s expectations after closure of a temporary stoma - Siassi, Ramin Michael; Hohenberger, Werner; Lösel, Friedrich; Weiss, Maren (International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 2008)
Introduction Little is known about the changes in quality of life following reversal of a temporary loop ileostomy after rectal cancer surgery. We therefore conducted a prospective study assessing physical symptoms, quality of life, problems in everyday life, and patient’s expectations and complaints. Materials and methods We investigated 35 patients who received a temporary stoma after colorectal surgery between 15/11/2002 and 15/11/2003. The patients were followed up for 1 year. Quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GLQI). In addition, we performed a semi-structured interview that assessed quality of life, function, patient’s expectations, and complaints. Results The interviews showed a significant improvement in body image and leisure activities while the questionnaires showed no change in qol. Conversely, there was a significant increase in gastrointestinal problems that persisted until 1 year after primary surgery. An increasing proportion of patients stated that they felt worse than they expected after stoma closure. That was accompanied by an increased number of complaints about the hospital and the medical staff. Conclusion Although from the surgeon’s point of view, stoma closure is only a minor procedure, it causes significant functional problems for the patients that lead to considerable dissatisfaction. Other than usually presupposed, there is no general improvement in quality of life and everyday life after stoma closure. Therefore, thorough preoperative counseling about the consequences of stoma reversal is mandatory.

Quality of physical activity apps: Systematic search in app stores and content analysis - Paganini, Sarah; Terhorst, Yannik; Sander, Lasse Bosse; Catic, Selma; Balci, Sümeyye; Küchler, Ann Marie; Schultchen, Dana; Plaumann, Katrin; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Krämer, Lena Violetta; Lin, Jiaxi; Wurst, Ramona; et al. (JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2021)
Background: Physical inactivity is a major contributor to the development and persistence of chronic diseases. Mobile health apps that foster physical activity have the potential to assist in behavior change. However, the quality of the mobile health apps available in app stores is hard to assess for making informed decisions by end users and health care providers. Objective: This study aimed at systematically reviewing and analyzing the content and quality of physical activity apps available in the 2 major app stores (Google Play and App Store) by using the German version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS-G). Moreover, the privacy and security measures were assessed. Methods: A web crawler was used to systematically search for apps promoting physical activity in the Google Play store and App Store. Two independent raters used the MARS-G to assess app quality. Further, app characteristics, content and functions, and privacy and security measures were assessed. The correlation between user star ratings and MARS was calculated. Exploratory regression analysis was conducted to determine relevant predictors for the overall quality of physical activity apps. Results: Of the 2231 identified apps, 312 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that the overall quality was moderate (mean 3.60 [SD 0.59], range 1-4.75). The scores of the subscales, that is, information (mean 3.24 [SD 0.56], range 1.17-4.4), engagement (mean 3.19 [SD 0.82], range 1.2-5), aesthetics (mean 3.65 [SD 0.79], range 1-5), and functionality (mean 4.35 [SD 0.58], range 1.88-5) were obtained. An efficacy study could not be identified for any of the included apps. The features of data security and privacy were mainly not applied. Average user ratings showed significant small correlations with the MARS ratings (r=0.22, 95% CI 0.08-0.35; P<.001). The amount of content and number of functions were predictive of the overall quality of these physical activity apps, whereas app store and price were not. Conclusions: Apps for physical activity showed a broad range of quality ratings, with moderate overall quality ratings. Given the present privacy, security, and evidence concerns inherent to most rated apps, their medical use is questionable. There is a need for open-source databases of expert quality ratings to foster informed health care decisions by users and health care providers.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-25
Keywords: Exercise; MHealth; Mobile apps; Quality indicators; Sports; Systematic review

Quantile regression analysis and other alternatives to ordinary least squares regression: A methodological comparison on corporal punishment - Haupt, Harry; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (Methodology, 2014)

Quantile Regression-Based Multiple Imputation of Missing Values - An Evaluation and Application to Corporal Punishment Data - Kleinke, Kristian; Fritsch, Markus; Stemmler, Mark; Reinecke, Jost; Lösel, Friedrich (Methodology, 2021)
Quantile regression (QR) is a valuable tool for data analysis and multiple imputation (MI) of missing values - especially when standard parametric modelling assumptions are violated. Yet, Monte Carlo simulations that systematically evaluate QR-based MI in a variety of different practically relevant settings are still scarce. In this paper, we evaluate the method regarding the imputation of ordinal data and compare the results with other standard and robust imputation methods. We then apply QR-based MI to an empirical dataset, where we seek to identify risk factors for corporal punishment of children by their fathers. We compare the modelling results with previously published findings based on complete cases. Our Monte Carlo results highlight the advantages of QR-based MI over fully parametric imputation models: QR-based MI yields unbiased statistical inferences across large parts of the conditional distribution, when parametric modelling assumptions, such as normal and homoscedastic error terms, are violated. Regarding risk factors for corporal punishment, our MI results support previously published findings based on complete cases. Our empirical results indicate that the identified identified "missing at random" processes in the investigated dataset are negligible.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-22

Quantitative approaches to the study of self-regulated learning - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun; Porath, Marion (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2012.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.quanti

Quantitative text analysis in gifted and talented research - Balestrini, Daniel Patrick; Stoeger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2023)
The authors introduce readers to quantitative text analysis and its potential for analyzing text-based nonreactive measures as a means of broadening the evidential basis within research on giftedness and talent. After defining quantitative text analysis and describing how it can augment survey studies for analyses at individual and cultural levels, the special potential of quantitative text analysis for addressing cultural questions within gifted and talented research is described. Inductive and deductive techniques of quantitative text analysis are then introduced and illustrated with brief examples drawn from gifted and talented research. Finally, a brief illustrative study is presented via an extended series of linked worked examples focusing on the question of the place of giftedness and talent within mentoring discourse in US mass media of past and present in order to illustrate in more detail how quantitative text analysis can be used to improve the culture-level evidence base within gifted and talented education.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-02-10
Keywords: Gifted and talented; gifted education; mentoring; nonreactive measures; quantitative text analysis; talent development

Radicalization potentials of young Muslims in prison: What role do religious factors play? - King, Sonja; Endres, Johann; Stemmler, Mark (Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform, 2021)
How widespread are Islamist attitudes in German prisons? The present research aims at exploring radicalization potentials as well as religion related factors among 87 young Muslim inmates in Bavarian prisons. Participants completed a survey in which we collected measures of religious socialization, religiousness, fundamentalism, and religious militancy. We investigated the distribution of fundamentalist and militant attitudes andcompared the means of Muslims and non-Muslim prisoners (n = 255), calculated regressions, and modelled causal chains linking the relevant concepts through mediation. Our results indicate an increased vulnerability of Muslim inmates for religious radicalization. The results suggest that there is no immediate effect of religious socialization on religious militancy, but that it indirectly influences militant attitudes. The time spent in prison plays a subordinate role. Generalization and implications for the prison context are discussed. 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-09-10
Keywords: Fundamentalismus; Haft; Militanz; Radikalisierung

Reacting to criticism of the political opposition: Is honesty the best policy? - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (. Symposium conducted at the 50th Conference of the German Society for Psychology, 2016)

Reacting to criticism of the political opposition: Is honesty the best policy? - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (Symposium conducted at the 29th Conference of the German Peace Psychology Association, 2016)

Reactivity to smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment of depressive symptoms (MoodMonitor): Protocol of a randomised controlled trial - Ruwaard, Jeroen; Van Ballegooijen, Wouter; Karyotaki, Eirini; Ebert, David; Jan, Smit; Riper, Heleen (BMC Psychiatry, 2016)
Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of mental health symptoms may influence the symptoms that it measures, i.e. assessment reactivity. In the field of depression, EMA reactivity has received little attention. We aim to investigate whether EMA of depressive symptoms induces assessment reactivity. Reactivity will be operationalised as an effect of EMA on depressive symptoms measured by a retrospective questionnaire, and, secondly, as a change in response rate and variance of the EMA ratings. Methods: This study is a 12-week randomised controlled trial comprising three groups: group 1 carries out EMA of mood and completes a retrospective questionnaire, group 2 carries out EMA of how energetic they feel and completes a retrospective questionnaire, group 3 is the control group, which completes only the retrospective questionnaire. The retrospective questionnaire (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CES-D) assesses depressive symptoms and is administered at baseline, 6 weeks after baseline and 12 weeks after baseline. We aim to recruit 160 participants who experience mild to moderate depressive symptoms, defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score of 5 to 15. This study is powered to detect a small between-groups effect, where no clinically relevant effect is defined as the effect size margin -0.25< d <0.25. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate whether self-rated EMA of depressive symptoms could induce assessment reactivity among mildly depressed individuals. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register NTR5803. Registered 12 April 2016. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=5803.
Keywords: Assessment reactivity; Depression; Ecological momentary assessment; Experience sampling; Mobile health; Mood; Smartphones

Recent trends in the study of giftedness - Oarga, C; Harder, Bettina; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Talent Talks, 2010)

Rechtspsychologie - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Gruppendynamik : Zeitschrift für angewandte Sozialpsychologie, 1991)

Rechtspsychologie - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Handwörterbuch der Angewandten Psychologie, 1993)

Rechtspsychologie - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Psychologie in der Praxis, 2000)

Reciprocal relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX) and job satisfaction: A cross-lagged analysis - Volmer, Judith; Niessen, Cornelia; Linz, Alexandra; Spurk, Daniel; Abele, Andrea E. (Applied Psychology, 2011)
While previous research has mainly emphasised the importance of leader-member exchange (LMX) to job satisfaction, there is a lack of research on reciprocal relationships between job satisfaction and LMX. In this study, we not only suggest that good LMX increases job satisfaction, but that job satisfaction can also enhance high-quality supervisor-employee relationships. A full cross-lagged panel analysis was used to test reciprocal relationships between LMX and job satisfaction. Employees (N= 279) of a large information technology company filled out questionnaires at two times, with a time lag of 3 months. In line with our predictions, findings revealed a positive relationship between LMX and job satisfaction both at Time 1 and Time 2. Moreover, LMX at Time 1 predicted the increase of job satisfaction at Time 2, and job satisfaction at Time 1 predicted the increase of LMX at Time 2. The results demonstrate the need to consider reciprocal relationships between job satisfaction and LMX when explaining employees' workplace outcomes. Our findings are discussed in terms of positive psychology theory. © 2011 The Authors. Applied Psychology: An International Review © 2011 International Association of Applied Psychology.

Reciprocity and change within the affective family environment in early adolescence - Stemmler, Mark; Petersen, Anne C. (International journal of behavioral development, 1999)
This study examined: (1) the extent and change of affective relationships between young adolescents and their parents over a two-year period; and (2) the amount of reciprocity or concordance of family feelings. Relationship patterns were examined longitudinally from the child's sixth to eighth grade in school. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents completed the Lowman Inventory of Family Feelings (LIFF; J. Lowman, 1974, 1980). The results are based on a longitudinal sample of 54 complete triads and between 128 and 284 dyads depending on measurement point and informant. Family feelings were positive overall, but declined by eighth grade. Here, no differences in results depending on the gender of the adolescent or the parent were detected. Nonreciprocity of family feelings was only present in sixth grade but not in eighth grade. At sixth grade, boys especially, shared less positive family feelings. Results indicate the importance of studying the quality and change of parent–offspring relationships across adolescence.
Keywords: level of family affection & degree of reciprocity of feelings; male vs female 6th–8th grade adolescents; 2 yr study

Recognition and generation of emotional expressions in Schizophrenia - Heinisch, Christine (Interdisciplinary Conference "Other Minds - Embodied Interaction and Higher Order Reasoning", 2011)

Recovery experiences during leisure time and unemployed individuals´well-being - Niessen, Cornelia; Binnewies, Carmen; Bauhuis, C.; Dingeldein, K. (24st Annual SIOP Conference, 2009)

Recovery: Non-work experiences that promote positive states - Sonnentag, Sabine; Niessen, Cornelia; Neff, Angela (The Oxford Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship, 2012)
This chapter gives an overview of research on work-related recovery processes. Recovery can be conceptualized as a process that reverses the strain process and that restores well-being. The chapter focuses on the question of how recovery processes improve positive affective states, work engagement, and job performance. The chapter stresses that it may not only be important to gain distance from negative work experiences, but also to capitalize on positive work events and experiences.
Keywords: Job performance; Positive affect; Proactive behavior; Psychological detachment; Recovery; Restoration; Work engagement

Reducing problematic alcohol use in employees: economic evaluation of guided and unguided web-based interventions alongside a three-arm randomized controlled trial - Buntrock, Claudia; Freund, Johanna; Smit, Filip; Riper, Heleen; Lehr, Dirk; Boss, Leif; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David Daniel (Addiction, 2021)
Aims: To perform an economic evaluation of guided and unguided internet-based interventions to reduce problematic alcohol consumption in employees compared with a waiting-list control condition (WLC) with unrestricted access to treatment-as-usual. Design: A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost–utility analysis (CUA) from a societal and a cost–benefit analysis from the employer's perspective with a 6-month time horizon. Setting: Open recruitment in the German working population. Participants: Employees (178 males, 256 females, mean age 47 years) consuming at least 14 (women) or 21 (men) standard units of alcohol (SUAs) per week and scoring ≥ 8 (men) or 6 (women) on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Measurements: On-line questionnaires administered to assess SUAs and assess quality of life (AQoL-8D) and resource use. Outcome measure was responder (≤ 14/≤ 21 SUAs) for the CEA and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for the CUA. Net benefit regression was used to estimate cost-effectiveness for each study arm. Bootstrapping and sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty. Interventions: Five weekly modules including personalized normative feedback, motivational interviewing, goal setting, problem-solving and emotion regulation, provided with adherence-focused guidance [n = 142; responders: n = 73 (51.4%); QALYs = 0.364, standard error (SE) = 0.006] or without guidance [n = 146; n = 66 (45.2%); 0.359, 0.007]. Controls were on a waiting-list [n = 144; n = 38 (26.4%); 0.342, 0.007]. Findings: From a societal perspective, the guided intervention had a probability of 55% (54%) of being the most efficient strategy at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of €0 per responder (QALY) gained, compared with the unguided intervention and the control condition. At a WTP of €20 000 per QALY gained, the probability was 78%. From an employer's perspective, the guided intervention had a higher probability of a positive return on investment (81%) compared with the unguided intervention (58%). Conclusion: A guided internet-based intervention to reduce problematic alcohol consumption in employees appears to be both cost-beneficial and cost-effective.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-12
Keywords: Cost-effectiveness; cost–utility; economic evaluation; employees; internet-based intervention; problematic alcohol consumption; QALY

Reducing procrastination using a smartphone-based treatment program: A randomized controlled pilot study - Lukas, Christian; Berking, Matthias (Internet Interventions, 2017)

Reducing symptoms of major depressive disorder through a systematic training of general emotion regulation skills: protocol of a randomized control trial - Ehret, Anna; Kowalsky, Judith; Rief, Winfried; Hiller, Wolfgang; Berking, Matthias (BMC Psychiatry, 2014)
Major Depressive Disorder is one of the most challenging mental health problems of our time. Although effective psychotherapeutic treatments are available, many patients fail to demonstrate clinically significant improvements. Difficulties in emotion regulation have been identified as putative risk and maintaining factors for Major Depressive Disorder. Systematically enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills should thus help reduce depressive symptom severity. However, at this point, no study has systematically evaluated effects of increasing adaptive emotion regulation skills application on symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder. In the intended study, we aim to evaluate stand-alone effects of a group-based training explicitly and exclusively targeting general emotion regulation skills on depressive symptom severity and assess whether this training augments the outcome of subsequent individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.

Reducing the return of avoidance and fear by directly targeting avoidance: Comparing incentive-based and instructed extinction of avoidance to passive fear extinction - Pittig, Andre; Wong, Alex H. K. (Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 2022)
Enhancing the reduction of avoidance may optimize treatment for anxiety disorders. Past research focused on boosting fear extinction to reduce avoidance, however, with limited success. Directly extinguishing avoidance may be more promising. This preregistered study tested the impact of incentives and instruction for non-avoidance compared to passive fear extinction on long-term avoidance and fear reduction. On Day 1, participants acquired conditioned fear and avoidance to a conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with an aversive outcome. Next, incentives or instructions encouraged non-avoidance to the CS, which was no longer reinforced by a US regardless of avoidance (Incentives and Instruction group). In a third group, avoidance was unavailable and the CS was passively presented in absence of the US (Passive Fear Extinction group). On Day 2, avoidance retention and reinstatement and return of fear were tested. In the short term, incentives and instruction strongly reduced avoidance with similar fear reduction compared to passive fear extinction. Importantly, incentives and instruction were linked to lower long-term avoidance retention. Avoidance reinstatement was evident in all groups, but avoidance remained higher after passive fear extinction. Finally, incentives yielded a lower return of threat expectancies. Thus, targeting avoidance instead of fear better reduced long-term avoidance and, for incentives, the return of fear. Especially, incentives could be a promising add-on to exposure.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-03-03

Reduction of costly safety behaviors after extinction with a generalization stimulus is determined by individual differences in generalization rules - Wong, Alex H.K.; Lee, Jessica C.; Engelke, Paula; Pittig, Andre (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2023)
Exposure-based treatment involves repeated presentation of feared stimuli or situations in the absence of perceived threat (i.e., extinction learning). However, the stimulus or situation of fear acquisition (CS+) is highly unlikely to be replicated and presented during treatment. Thereby, stimuli that resemble the CS+ (generalization stimuli; GSs) are typically presented. Preliminary evidence suggests that depending on how one generalizes fear (i.e., different generalization rules), presenting the same GS in extinction leads to differential effectiveness of extinction learning. The current study aimed to extend this finding to safety behaviors. After differential fear and avoidance conditioning, participants exhibited discrete generalization gradients that were consistent with their reported generalization rules (Similarity vs Linear). The Linear group showed stronger safety behaviors to a selected GS compared to the Similarity group, presumably due to higher threat expectancy. After extinction learning to this GS, the Linear group exhibited stronger reduction in safety behaviors generalization compared to the Similarity group. The results show that identifying distinct generalization rules allows one to predict expectancy violation to the extinction stimulus, in addition to corroborating the idea that strongly violating threat expectancy leads to better extinction learning and its generalization. With regard to clinical implications, identifying one's generalization rule (e.g., threat beliefs) help designing exposure sessions that evoke strong expectancy violation, enhancing the reduction in the generalization of maladaptive safety behaviors.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-12-09

Reduction of depersonalization during social stress through cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial - Schweden, Tabea L. K.; Pittig, Andre; Brauer, David; Klumbies, Elisabeth; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Hoyer, Juergen (Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2016)
Symptoms of depersonalization during feared social situations are commonly experienced by individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite its clinical relevance, it is not addressed in standard treatment manuals and it remains unclear if depersonalization is reduced by well-established treatments. This study investigated whether cognitive therapy (CT) for SAD effectively reduces depersonalization and whether pre-treatment severity of depersonalization predicts or mediates treatment outcome. In a randomized controlled trial, patients underwent the standardized Trier Social Stress Test before and after CT (n = 20) or a waitlist period (n = 20) and were compared to healthy controls (n = 21). Self-reported depersonalization was measured immediately after each stress test. Depersonalization significantly decreased following CT, especially in treatment responders (ηp2 = 0.32). Pre-treatment depersonalization did neither predict nor mediate post-treatment severity of social anxiety. Further prospective studies are needed for a better scientific understanding of this effect. It should be scrutinized whether SAD-patients suffering from depersonalization would benefit from a more specific therapy.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Cognitive therapy; Depersonalization; Derealization; Dissociation; Social anxiety disorder; Social phobia

Referential competence is associated with motivational congruence - Schultheiss, Oliver; Patalakh, Mariya; Rawolle, Maika; Liening, Scott H.; MacInnes, Jeffrey J. (Journal of research in personality, 2011)
hypothesized that referential competence (RC) – stable individual differences in the ability to quickly name nonverbally represented information – should predict congruence between implicit and explicit motives. We tested this hypothesis using a color-naming task to assess RC, picture-story measures of implicit motives, and self-report measures of participants’ motivational values and goals. Study 1 showed that the RC measure captures a stable individual difference by test–retest and internal consistency criteria. Studies 2 and 3 provided correlational evidence for the hypothesized association between RC and measures of between- and within-individual motivational congruence. Study 4 showed that in the absence of situationally induced referential processing, RC predicts preferences for motive-congruent goals.
Keywords: Implicit motives; Explicit motives; Language; Congruence; Referential processing; Referential competence; Information processing; Motivation

Referential processing and competence as determinants of congruence between implicit and explicit motives - Schultheiss, Oliver; Strasser, Alexandra (Handbook of self-knowledge, 2012)

Referrals for uncomplicated lower back pain: A cluster parallel randomised trial of patient-centred communication to improve the management of acute back pain in primary care. A study protocol - Schedlbauer, Angela; Burggraf, Larissa; Hueber, Susann; Terzakis-Snyder, Irini-Alexia; Kühlein, Thomas; Roos, Marco (BMJ Open, 2019)
Introduction Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent encounters in General Practice. Investigation and referral remain common despite the self-limiting character of episodes that are not largely attributable to specific underlying injuries. Identifying patients' ideas, concerns and expectations (ICE) is a well-established element within consultation skills training and has been shown to improve prescribing. It can be a powerful communication tool setting the base for transferring and adjusting adequate clinical information. This study aims to evaluate whether ICE can decrease unnecessary medicine in the management of acute LBP in primary care. Methods and analysis Research question: Does ICE training intervention have an effect on doctors' referrals of patients suffering from acute LBP? Population: Recruitment to this parallel cluster randomised trial will take place among general practitioners belonging to four independent practice networks in Northern Bavaria/Germany. Intervention: At baseline, 24 out of 48 doctors will be randomly assigned to take part in a 1-day training session covering theoretical background and clinical implementation of patient-centred communication by stimulating ICE. They will also be given access to a web-based supporting tool for reflective practice on their communication skills. Comparison: GPs in the control group will continue consultations as usual. Outcome: Outcome measures are referrals to diagnostic imaging, physiotherapy and specialists obtained from routine practice data, compared between intervention and control group. Time: Referrals of patients consulting their doctors for documented LBP will be monitored up to 3 months after the ICE training intervention. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for the study was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the University Erlangen-Nuremberg (296_17B). Results will be disseminated by conference presentations and journal publications. Trial registration number The trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03711071).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-11-08
Keywords: communication; consultation; diagnosis; doctor-patient relationship; information exchange; low back pain; medical education; over investigation; primary care; shared decision-making

Refuting the cliché of the distrustful manager - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Richter, David (17th Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2015)

Refuting the cliché of the distrustful manager - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Richter, David (European Management Journal, 2017)

Rekrutierung, Implementation und Aufhörrate eines Rauchstopp-Kurses für Jugendliche - Bühler, Anneke; Wegmann, Lena; Annette, Schmidt; Thrul, Johannes Erich; Strunk, Mareike; Lang, Peter (Sucht, 2012)
Fragestellung: Es besteht ein Bedarf nach effektiven, jugendspezifischen Rauchstopp-Angeboten. Inwiefern kann das schulbasierte Rauchstopp-Programm losgelöst die Zielgruppe erreichen und bundesweit umgesetzt werden? Methodik: Die Studie hat ein Ein-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Design und wertet Daten von 2 754 Jugendlichen aus 24 meist Haupt- und Realschulen sowie von 22 Kursleitungen und 139 Kursteilnehmenden aus. Rekrutierungsrate, Teilnehmermerkmale, Bewertung und Aufhörrate werden nach Schultyp und Geschlecht verglichen. Ergebnisse: An 73,3 % der anvisierten 30 Schulen (n = 22) fand mindestens ein Kurs statt, 18,9 % der rauchenden bzw. 48,8 % der aufhörwilligen rauchenden Jugendlichen wurden erreicht (n = 139). Losgelöst wurde von Teilnehmenden und Kursleitungen sehr positiv beurteilt, eine Haltequote von 72 % wurde erreicht (n = 101). Während des Kurses hören 30,2 % der Jugendlichen (n = 42) mit dem Rauchen auf (intention-to-treat-Analyse), weitere 37,7 % (n = 51) reduzierten die Konsummenge um die Hälfte. Am Ende der Nachbetreuungsphase von vier Wochen waren 24,4 % (n = 34) rauchfrei. Akzeptanz und Aufhörrate differierten nicht zwischen Schultyp oder Geschlecht. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie erbrachte Hinweise darauf, dass mit losgelöst ein Rauchstopp-Programm zur Verfügung steht, das gut implementierbar ist, rauchende Jugendliche erreicht und sowohl von ihnen als auch von den durchführenden Fachkräften akzeptiert wird.
Keywords: Rauchstopp; Jugendliche; Tabakentwöhnung; Rekrutierung; Schule

Relation Between Event-Related Potential Latency and Saccade Latency in Overt Shifts of Attention - Kulke, Louisa; Atkinson, Janette; Braddick, Oliver; et al. (Perception, 2020)

Relationship between salivary cortisol and progesterone levels in humans - Wirth, Michelle M.; Meier, Elizabet A.; Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Biological Psychology, 2007)

Relationships between implicit motives, self-attributed motives, and personal goal commitments - Rawolle, Maika; Schultheiss, Maria; Schultheiss, Oliver (Frontiers in Psychology, 2013)
Keywords: implicit motives; self-attributed motives; personal goals; picture story exercise; culture; relationships

Relationships of the Ulna-to-fibula Ratio to Baseline and Reactive Steroid Hormone Levels: An Exploratory Study - Köllner, Martin; Braun, Sinja; Schoettner, Hanna; Dlugash, Gelena; Bettac, Marlene; Steib, Simon (Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 2022)
Objective Organizational hormone effects on the human brain and behavior are often retrospectively assessed via morphological markers of prenatal (e.g., 2D:4D digit ratio) or pubertal (e.g., facial width-to-height ratio, fWHR) hormone exposure. It has been argued that markers should relate to circulating hormones particularly in challenging, dominance/status-relevant situations. However, meta-analytic research indicates that fWHR, a frequently used pubertal marker, is neither reliably sex-dimorphic nor related to steroid hormones. This casts doubt on fWHR's validity for reflecting hormone levels. Ulna-to-fibula ratio (UFR), an alternative, long-bone-length-based pubertal marker, is sex-dimorphic and associated with dominance motivation. However, its hormonal associations were never tested before. We therefore explored UFR's relationships to baseline and reactive hormone levels. Methods We measured ulna and fibula length as well as shoulder/waist/hip circumference of 81 participants (49 women; after exclusions) via anthropometry. Salivary hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone) at baseline and after a gross-motor one-on-one balancing contest were measured via radioimmunoassay. Results We replicated UFR's dimorphism, unrelatedness to height, and correlations to other putative markers of organizational hormone effects. On an exploratory basis, we found UFR to be related to overall baseline testosterone and to competition-induced reactive surges in steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone) overall and in women. Conclusions Our results hint at UFR's relationship to baseline testosterone and may indicate functional connections between outcomes of pubertal organizational hormone effects and contest-induced steroid reactivity. Pubertal organizational hormone effects may prepare the endocrine system for dominance and status contests. However, the small sample and the exploratory nature of our research demands replication.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-09

Relations of within-person incongruities with life satisfaction and self-efficacy: The moderating role of career coaching - Ebner, Katharina; Spurk, Daniel; Schulte, Eva-Maria; Kauffeld, Simone (International Conference for Well-Being and Performance, 2014)

Reliability and validity of assessing user satisfaction with web-based health interventions - Boss, Leif; Lehr, Dirk; Reis, Dorota; Vis, Christiaan; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2016)
Background: The perspective of users should be taken into account in the evaluation of Web-based health interventions. Assessing the users' satisfaction with the intervention they receive could enhance the evidence for the intervention effects. Thus, there is a need for valid and reliable measures to assess satisfaction with Web-based health interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the reliability, factorial structure, and construct validity of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire adapted to Internet-based interventions (CSQ-I). Methods: The psychometric quality of the CSQ-I was analyzed in user samples from 2 separate randomized controlled trials evaluating Web-based health interventions, one from a depression prevention intervention (sample 1, N=174) and the other from a stress management intervention (sample 2, N=111). At first, the underlying measurement model of the CSQ-I was analyzed to determine the internal consistency. The factorial structure of the scale and the measurement invariance across groups were tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, the construct validity of the scale was examined by comparing satisfaction scores with the primary clinical outcome. Results: Multigroup confirmatory analyses on the scale yielded a one-factorial structure with a good fit (root-mean-square error of approximation =.09, comparative fit index =.96, standardized root-mean-square residual =.05) that showed partial strong invariance across the 2 samples. The scale showed very good reliability, indicated by McDonald omegas of .95 in sample 1 and .93 in sample 2. Significant correlations with change in depressive symptoms (r=-.35, P<.001) and perceived stress (r=-.48, P<.001) demonstrated the construct validity of the scale. Conclusions: The proven internal consistency, factorial structure, and construct validity of the CSQ-I indicate a good overall psychometric quality of the measure to assess the user's general satisfaction with Web-based interventions for depression and stress management. Multigroup analyses indicate its robustness across different samples. Thus, the CSQ-I seems to be a suitable measure to consider the user's perspective in the overall evaluation of Web-based health interventions.
Keywords: Clinical effectiveness; Evaluation; Internet; Mental health; Personal satisfaction

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire - Fujisato, Hiroko; Ito, Masaya; Takebayashi, Yoshitake; Hosogoshi, Hiroki; Kato, Noriko; Nakajima, Shun; Miyamae, Mitsuhiro; Oe, Yuki; Usami, Satoshi; Kanie, Ayako; Horikoshi, Masaru; Berking, Matthias (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2017)
Conclusions: The Japanese version of the ERSQ showed adequate reliability and validity.
Keywords: Emotion regulation; Assessment; Validity; Reliability; Culture; Mental disorder

Reliability-weighted integration of audiovisual signals can be modulated by top-down attention - Rohe, Tim; Noppeney, Uta (eNeuro, 2018)
Behaviorally, it is well established that human observers integrate signals near-optimally weighted in proportion to their reliabilities as predicted by maximum likelihood estimation. Yet, despite abundant behavioral evidence, it is unclear how the human brain accomplishes this feat. In a spatial ventriloquist paradigm, participants were presented with auditory, visual, and audiovisual signals and reported the location of the auditory or the visual signal. Combining psychophysics, multivariate functional MRI (fMRI) decoding, and models of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), we characterized the computational operations underlying audiovisual integration at distinct cortical levels. We estimated observers’ behavioral weights by fitting psychometric functions to participants’ localization responses. Likewise, we estimated the neural weights by fitting neurometric functions to spatial locations decoded from regional fMRI activation patterns. Our results demonstrate that low-level auditory and visual areas encode predominantly the spatial location of the signal component of a region’s preferred auditory (or visual) modality. By contrast, intraparietal sulcus forms spatial representations by integrating auditory and visual signals weighted by their reliabilities. Critically, the neural and behavioral weights and the variance of the spatial representations depended not only on the sensory reliabilities as predicted by the MLE model but also on participants’ modality-specific attention and report (i.e., visual vs. auditory). These results suggest that audiovisual integration is not exclusively determined by bottom-up sensory reliabilities. Instead, modality-specific attention and report can flexibly modulate how intraparietal sulcus integrates sensory signals into spatial representations to guide behavioral responses (e.g., localization and orienting
Keywords: Optimal cue integration; Multisensory integration; Intraparietal sulcus

Reminiscence about work life in retirement: What is remembered? Why might it matter? - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Leickert, Tina; Liao, Hsiao-Wen (Work, Aging and Retirement, 2022)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the temporo-parietal junction influences distinction of self from famous but not unfamiliar others - Heinisch, Christine; Krüger, M.; Brüne, Martin (Behavioral neuroscience, 2012)

Repräsentationen früher Bindungsbeziehungen und Emotionsregulation bei Patienten mit Burnout-Syndrom - Soellner, Wolfgang; Behringer, Johanna; Böhme, Stephanie; Stein, Barbara; Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 2016)
OBJECTIVE Burnout describes a syndrome of exhaustion resulting from insufficient coping with work-related distress. We investigated if patients that are being clinically treated for burnout show insecure and unresolved attachment representation more often compared with healthy controls. METHODS 50 out of 60 consecutive burnout patients participated in the study. Mental representation of attachment was measured by using the Adult Attachment Interview. Additionally, we administered the Self Report Questionnaire to Assess Emotional Experience and Emotion Regulation and several burnout specific questionnaires. A population sample was used as control group. RESULTS Burnout patients were classified as insecurely attached significantly more often than controls. Unresolved attachment status concerning loss or trauma was found significantly more often within the burnout sample. Patients with insecure attachment representation reported a lower subjective significance of work. Patients with avoidant insecure attachment showed more depersonalisation. Patients with unresolved loss/trauma reported less social support. They showed more passive-negative emotion experience and emotion regulation characterized by externalization. CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that an insecure or unresolved attachment representation might constitute an intrapersonal risk factor for the development of burnout syndrome.

Representations of Early Attachment Experiences and Personality in Adulthood - Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Journal of adult development, 2013)
The present study aimed to explore the association between the representation of early attachment experiences and personality in a representative and non-clinical German adult sample. Adult attachment was assessed by means of the Adult Attachment Interview. One hundred and sixty-seven German adults completed the NEO-FFI and the TPQ. Three important findings emerged: (1) Adults with insecure attachment representation (dismissing versus preoccupied) differ from each other in Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance, (2) attachment security is independent of personality and (3) Adults with an unresolved attachment trauma do not differ from those without with respect to personality. Our results underline the interrelation between attachment experiences, the regulation of negative emotions and self-perceived personality traits in adulthood. Moreover, our findings support theoretical assumptions of attachment theory proposing that attachment security emerges within social relationships. We suggest that unresolved attachment, at least in non-clinical samples, occurs through attachment-related traumatic experiences rather than specific personality dispositions and invite researchers to further explore biological and environmental risk factors leading to an unresolved state-of-mind. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Reproducibility in social neuroendocrinology: Past, present, and future - Schultheiss, Oliver; Mehta, Pranjal H. (Routledge international handbook of social neuroendocrinology., 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-17

RESEARCH METHODS IN MOTIVATION SCIENCE; Developing a Causally Valid Picture-Story Measure of Sexual Motivation: II. Effects of Film Clips - Schultheiss, Oliver; Hinzmann, Jessica; Bergmann, Sara; Matthes, Manuel; Beyer, Bastian; Janson, Kevin (Motivation Science, 2023)
Replicating and extending previous work by Hinzmann et al. (in press), the present research aimed at validating a picture-story measure of sexual motivation, termed need for sex (n Sex). In two experimental studies (Ns = 154 and 171) with repeated-measures design, we showed that (a) n Sex is sensitive to experimental manipulation of sexual motivation via film clips, (b) that this effect is mediated by increased subjective arousal as an indicator of a motivational process, and (c) that the part of n Sex variance that is sensitive for experimental manipulation is also the one accounting for variations in a behavioral criterion (key pressing and viewing time measures of relative preference for erotic over nonerotic pictures). These effects emerged specifically when film clips portrayed sex positively, but not when they showed sex with embarrassing or threatening consequences. As a dispositional measure, n Sex correlated positively with self-report measures of sexual desire and behavior. But it did not feature the sex difference associated with these measures and retained incremental validity above and beyond them for behavioral criterion measures.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-08
Keywords: content coding; picture-story measure; sexual motivation; thematic apperception; validation

Research on a modified framework of implicit personality theories - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Learning and individual differences, 2010)

Resilience against political and religious extremism, radicalization, and related violence: A systematic review of studies on protective factors - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris; Jugl, Irina; King, Sonja (Understanding Recruitment to Organized Crime and Terrorism, 2020)
Politically, islamist, or otherwise motivated extremism, radicalization, and violence are highly topical issues in many countries. Thousands of publications address theoretical concepts, potential origins, risk factors, developmental phases, and approaches to prevention. However, there is not yet much research with a focus on resilience and protective factors in this domain. This article contains a systematic review of quantitative studies that investigated protective effects against extremism and radicalization as well as qualitative research on factors that contribute to disengagement from radical groups. After screening more than 2,000 documents, we found 28 eligible reports containing 21 analyses that provided quantitative data and seven qualitative interview studies. Most studies addressed islamist (religious/ethnic) extremism, some others far-right, far-left, and mixed forms. Thirty different protective factors showed significant effects against radicalization. Replicated factors were self-control, adherence to law, acceptance of police legitimacy, illness, non-deviant significant others, positive parenting behavior, good school achievement, non-violent peers, contact to foreigners, and a basic attachment to society. The results of the qualitative research on disengagement were in accordance with some of these individual and social “pull factors” but also showed “push factors” like disillusionment and negative experiences in the radical group as well as critical reflections and identity changes. Many findings were similar to what we know from resilience against and desistance from violence in other fields. Therefore, issues of extremism, violent radicalization, and terrorism should become more integrated into criminology. Limitations of the systematic review and potential practical implications are discussed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-08-21
Keywords: Extremism; Protective factors; Radicalization; Resilience; Systematic review; Terrorism

Resilience and adaptation to organizational change: The moderating role of transformational leadership - Mäder, Inge; Niessen, Cornelia (18th Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology Dublin, May 18, 2017, 2017)

Resistance training as an acute stressor in healthy young men: associations with heart rate variability, alpha-amylase, and cortisol levels - Becker, Linda; Semmlinger, Lucas; Rohleder, Nicolas (Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 2021)
Regular resistance training has been shown to have many physiological and psychological health benefits. However, the underlying physiological processes are not yet fully understood. One explanation is that resistance training acts like an acute stressor and modulates physiological pathways that are associated with the stress response such as the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This was systematically investigated in our study. Participants were 45 healthy men who had been doing resistance training regularly for at least nine months. Salivary α-amylase and heart rate that were used as markers for SNS activity increased during the training and decreased afterwards. PNS activity that was assessed by means of heart rate variability parameters decreased during the training and increased after it. Salivary cortisol that was used as marker for HPA axis activity decreased throughout the session. Furthermore, an improvement of positive affect was found after the training. However, additional analyses indicated that the physiological response patterns were found for participants who chose upper-body exercises (in contrast to lower-body exercises) only. Therefore, we were able to show that an upper-body resistance training acts partially like an acute stressor which leads to the typical SNS and PNS – but not HPA axis – stress responses. We conclude that resistance trainings might be an alternative to classical relaxation programs which would have the additional advantage that it is a physical training at the same time. However, more research is needed to develop specific trainings which entirely fulfill this goa
Keywords: Resistance training; stress; heart rate variability; alpha-amylase; cortisol; specificity hypothesis

Resource activation and therapeutic success in in-patient and day-care psychosomatic treatment - Groß, Lisa Johanna; Stemmler, Mark; Erim, Yesim; de Zwaan, Martina (Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 2015)
EVALuna:29527

Resource-oriented Counseling at the State-Wide Counseling and Research Center for the Gifted at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg - Trottler, Susanne; Harder, Bettina; Ziegler, Albert (3rd International Conference on Talent Development & Excellence, 2013)

Response and habituation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression to repeated acute stress - McInnis, Christine; Wang, Diana; Gianferante, Danielle; Hanlin, Luke; Chen, Xuenjie; Thoma, Myriam; Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2015)

Ressourcenaktivierung als Wirkfaktor in der stationären und teilstationären psychosomatischen Behandlung - Groß-Küfner, Lisa (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013)
Den theoretischen Hintergrund der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden Ansätze und empirische Erkenntnisse zur Bedeutung allgemeiner, schul- und störungsübergreifender Wirkfaktoren in der Psychotherapie. Der Wirkfaktor Ressourcenaktivierung steht hierbei im Fokus des Interesses. Es erfolgt eine Einordnung dieses Wirkfaktors in theoretische Konzepte und die Darlegung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes sowie dessen Umsetzung in die psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutische Praxis. Vorrangiges Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die Bedeutung von Ressourcen und insbesondere des Wirkfaktors Ressourcenaktivierung für die stationäre und teilstationäre psychosomatische Behandlung zu überprüfen. Hierfür wurde eine naturalistische Beobachtungsstudie im Prä-Post-Design durchgeführt, in deren Rahmen 130 Klienten zu Beginn und am Ende ihrer stationären und teilstationären Behandlung in der psychosomatischen und psychotherapeutischen Abteilung des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen untersucht wurden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass die Ressourcenrealisierung der Klienten zu Therapiebeginn mit verschiedenen Maßen der psychischen Gesundheit bedeutsam in Zusammenhang steht und den Therapieerfolg der psychosomatischen Behandlung signifikant voraussagt. Darüber hinaus stellt auch die Ressourcenaktivierung im Therapieverlauf einen relevanten Prädiktor des Therapieerfolgs dar. Die Zusammenhänge zeigen sich unabhängig von der Diagnose der Klienten. Weiterhin steht als Prozessvariable die erlebte Wertschätzung durch die Therapeuten zu Therapieende in einem bedeutsamen Zusammenhang mit der Ressourcenaktivierung und dem Therapieerfolg der Klienten. Darüber hinaus konnte in Mediationsanalysen den Bewältigungserfahrungen der Klienten zu Behandlungsende eine wichtige vermittelnde Rolle für den Zusammenhang zwischen Ressourcenaktivierung und Therapieerfolg zugewiesen werden. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich unterschiedliche Implikationen für die psychotherapeutische Praxis ableiten. Besonders relevant erscheint in diesem Zusammenhang die verstärkte Fokussierung und Nutzung von Klientenressourcen im Prozess der psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Auch sprechen die Ergebnisse für die Konzeption von Klienten als aktive Mitgestalter des psychotherapeutischen Prozesses und für die Entwicklung einer respektvollen, ressourcenorientierten therapeutischen Haltung.

Ressourcenaktivierung in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Überblick über theoretische Hintergründe und aktuelle Forschungsansätze - Groß, Lisa Johanna; Stemmler, Mark; Zwaan, Martina (Fortschritte der Neurologie - Psychiatrie, 2012)
Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über theoretische Hintergründe und aktuelle Forschungsansätze der Ressourcenarbeit in der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie zu geben. Ressourcenaktivierung gilt als wichtiger allgemeiner Wirkfaktor der Psychotherapie. Unter Ressourcenaktivierung wird im Allgemeinen ein expliziter Fokus auf die Ressourcen und Potenziale von Klienten verstanden. Nach einer Darstellung der Verwendung des Ressourcenbegriffs werden Überlegungen zur therapeutischen Haltung, Prinzipien der Ressourcenaktivierung, Ansätze zur Ressourcendiagnostik sowie unterschiedliche Forschungsansätze präsentiert. Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten beschäftigen sich vor allem mit der Erforschung der Zusammenhänge von Ressourcenaktivierung und Prozessvariablen im Rahmen der ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Behandlung.

Ressourcenorientierte Begabungsberatung - Trottler, Susanne; Harder, Bettina; Ziegler, Albert (21. Jahrestagung der Kommission Grundschulforschung und Pädagogik der Primarstufe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft (DGfE), 2012)

Ressourcenorientierte Begabungsberatung - Trottler, Susanne; Harder, Bettina; Ziegler, Albert (Individuelle Förderung und Lernen in der Gemeinschaft. Jahrbuch Grundschulforschung, 2013)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2013.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.ressou

Ressourcen und Belastungen bei Doppelkarrierepaaren - eine arbeitspsychologische Perspektive - Niessen, Cornelia; Sonnentag, Sabine; Unger, Dana; Neff, Angela (Dual Career Couples an Hochschulen: zwischen Wissenschaft, Praxis und Politik, 2010)

Restoring depleted resources: Efficacy and mechanisms of change of an internet-based unguided recovery training for better sleep and psychological detachment from work - Ebert, David; Berking, Matthias; Thiart, Hanne; Heleen, Riper; Laferton, Johannes; Cuijpers, Pim; Sieland, Bernhard; Lehr, Dirk (Health Psychology, 2015)
Keywords: Insomnia; Internet-based self-help; Mediators; Prevention; Work stress

Resümée und Ausblick - Stemmler, Mark Kurt (Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kindes- und Jugendalter, 2007)

Retest reliability of reward-related BOLD signals - Fliessbach, Klaus; Rohe, Tim; Linder, Nicolas S.; Trautner, Peter; Elger, Christian E.; Weber, Bernd (NeuroImage, 2010)

Retirees’ memories of work life and well-being after retirement: A qualitative inquiry. - Hahnel, Tina; Hommelhoff, Sabine; Liao, Hsiao-Wen (The Gerontological Society of America’s 71st Annual Scientific Meeting, 2019)

Reziprozität und Emotionale Nähe in Partnerschaften - Müller, Teresa (2012)

Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung dissozialen Verhaltens in der Kindheit und Jugend - Stemmler, Mark; Wallner, Susanne; Link, Eva (Kriminalsoziologie: Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Praxis, 2018)

Risikofaktoren, Schutzfaktoren und Resilienz bei Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Sexueller Missbrauch, Misshandlung, Vernachlässigung: Erkennung, Therapie und Prävention der Folgen früher Stresserfahrungen, 2015)

Risikofaktoren, Schutzfaktoren und Resilienz bei Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Sexueller Missbrauch, Misshandlung, Vernachlässigung, 2004)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren der Qualität und Stabilität von Ehen. Eine Untersuchung an langjährig Verheirateten. Abschlussbericht für das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (2003)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Ätiologie und Bewältigung von Mißhandlung und Vernachlässigung - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Handbuch Sexueller Mißbrauch, 2002)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Entwicklungspsychopathologie: Zur Kontroverse um patho- versus salutogenetische Modelle - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (1997)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Entwicklung zufriedener und stabiler Ehen: Eine integrative Perspektive - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Prädiktion und Prävention von Beziehungsstörungen und Scheidung, 1998)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Genese und der Bewältigung von Mißhandlung und Vernachlässigung - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Sexueller Mißbrauch, Mißhandlung, Vernachlässigung, 1997)

Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren in der Genese und der Bewältigung von Mißhandlung und Vernachlässigung - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Sexueller Mißbrauch, Mißhandlung, Vernachlässigung, 2000)

Risk and Resilience in Childhood and Adolescence - Spangler, Gottfried; Gabler, Sandra; Kungi, Melanie (Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 2023)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-03-03

Risk factors for serious juvenile violence - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Children who commit acts of serious interpersonal violence: Messages for practice, 2006)

Role of endocrine and inflammatory alterations in comorbid somatic diseases of post-traumatic stress disorder. - Rohleder, Nicolas; Karl, Anke (Minerva Endocrinologica, 2006)

Role of interleukin-6 in stress, sleep, and fatigue - Rohleder, Nicolas; Aringer, Martin; Boentert, Matthias (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012)

Routledge international handbook of social neuroendocrinology. - Schultheiss, Oliver; Mehta, Pranjal H. (Routledge, 2019)

Routledge International Handbook of Social Neuroendocrinology - Introduction - Schultheiss, Oliver; Mehta, Pranjal H. (Routledge International Handbook of Social Neuroendocrinology, 2018)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-17

Rückführung und Verselbständigung. - Kindler, Heinz; Küfner, Marion; Thrum, Kathrin; Gabler, Sandra (Handbuch Pflegekinderhilfe, 2011)

Sadness-Based Approach-Avoidance Modification Training for Subjective Stress in Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial - Rupp, Lydia; Keinert, Marie; Böhme, Stephanie; Gmelch, Lena Marie; Eskofier, Björn; Schuller, Björn W.; Berking, Matthias (JMIR Formative Research, 2023)
Background: A key vulnerability factor in mental health problems is chronic stress. There is a need for easy-to-disseminate and effective interventions to advance the prevention of stress-related illnesses. App-based stress management trainings can fulfill this need. As subjectively experienced stress may be influenced by dysfunctional beliefs, modifying their evaluations might reduce subjective stress. Approach-avoidance modification trainings (AAMT) can be used to modify stimulus evaluations and are promising candidates for a mobile stress intervention. As the standard training reactions of the AAMT (swiping and joystick motion) have little valence, emotions could be incorporated as approach and avoidance reactions to enhance the effectiveness of AAMTs. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a mobile emotion-enhanced AAMT that engages users to display sadness to move stress-enhancing beliefs away and display positive emotions to move stress-reducing beliefs toward themselves (emotion-based AAMT using sadness and positive emotions [eAAMT-SP]). We explored the clinical efficacy of this novel intervention. Methods: We allocated 30 adult individuals with elevated stress randomly to 1 of 3 conditions (eAAMT-SP, a swipe control condition, and an inactive control condition). We evaluated the feasibility of the intervention (technical problems, adherence, usability, and acceptability). To explore the clinical efficacy of the intervention, we compared pretest-posttest differences in perceived stress (primary clinical outcome) and 3 secondary clinical outcomes (agreement with and perceived helpfulness of dysfunctional beliefs, emotion regulation, and depressive symptoms) among the conditions. Results: The predetermined benchmarks of 50% for intervention completion and 75% for feasibility of the study design (completion of the study design) were met, whereas the cutoff for technical feasibility of the study design (95% of trials without technical errors) was not met. Effect sizes for usability and acceptability were in favor of the eAAMT-SP condition (compared with the swipe control condition; intelligibility of the instructions: g=−0.86, distancing from dysfunctional beliefs: g=0.22, and approaching functional beliefs: g=0.55). Regarding clinical efficacy, the pretest-posttest effect sizes for changes in perceived stress were g=0.80 for the comparison between the eAAMT-SP and inactive control conditions and g=0.76 for the comparison between the eAAMT-SP and swipe control conditions. Effect sizes for the secondary clinical outcomes indicated greater pretest-posttest changes in the eAAMT-SP condition than in the inactive control condition and comparable changes in the swipe control condition. Conclusions: The findings regarding the feasibility of the intervention were satisfactory except for the technical feasibility of the intervention, which should be improved. The effect sizes for the clinical outcomes provide preliminary evidence for the therapeutic potential of the intervention. The findings suggest that extending the AAMT paradigm through the use of emotions may increase its efficacy. Future research should evaluate the eAAMT-SP in sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial
Keywords: stress (262); emotion (46); eHealth (1701); approach-avoidance (1); mental health (1497); somatic health (1); chronic stress (3); intervention (495); stress-related illness (1); app-based (6); stress management (29); belief (10); training (138); mobile phone (2614)

Safety of a Combined WB-EMS and High-Protein Diet Intervention in Sarcopenic Obese Elderly Men - Kemmler, Wolfgang; von Stengel, Simon; Kohl, Matthias; Rohleder, Nicolas; Bertsch, Thomas; Sieber, Cornel; Freiberger, Ellen; Kob, Robert (Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2020)
Purpose: Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) especially in combination with a high-protein supplementation has been established as an efficient treatment against sarcopenia. However, there are several case reports of rhabdomyolysis after WB-EMS application. Thus, we asked if this training could potentially lead to deteriorations of the cardiac as well as the renal function. Materials and Methods: One hundred sarcopenic obese men aged 70 years and older were randomly balanced (1-1-1) and allocated to one of the three study arms. During 16 weeks of intervention, these groups either performed WB-EMS and took a protein supplement (WB-EMS&P), solely received the protein supplement (Protein) or served as control group (CG). WB-EMS consisted of 1.5× 20 min (85 Hz, 350 μs, 4 s of strain to 4 s of rest) applied with moderate-to-high intensity while moving. We further generated a daily protein intake of 1.7– 1.8 g/kg/body mass per day. At baseline and 8– 10 days after completion of the intervention, blood was drawn and biomarkers of muscle, cardiac and renal health were assessed. Results: Hereby, we found slight but significant elevations of creatine kinase (CK) levels in the WB-EMS group pointing to minor damages of the skeletal muscle (140 U/l [81– 210], p < 0.001). This was accompanied by a significant, low-grade increase of creatine kinase–muscle brain (CK-MB, 0.43 ng/mL [− 0.29– 0.96], p < 0.01) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT, 0.001 ng/mL. [0.000– 0.003], p < 0.001) but without a higher risk of developing heart failure according to N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, − 5.7 pg/mL [− 38.8– 24.6], p = 0.17). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was impaired neither by the high-protein supplementation alone nor in combination with WB-EMS (CG 76.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 [71.9– 82.2] vs Protein 73.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 [63.0– 78.9] vs WB-EMS&P 74.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 [62.8– 84.1], p = 0.478). Conclusion: In conclusion, even in the vulnerable group of sarcopenic obese seniors, the combination of WB-EMS with a high-protein intake revealed no short-term, negative impact on the eGFR, but potential consequences for the cardiovascular system need to be addressed in future studies.
Keywords: electromyostimulation; high protein; sarcopenic obesity; rhabdomyolysis; CK-MB; hsTnT; cystatin C

Sage in press - Ageing and Touch - Heinisch, Christine; Dinse, Hubert; Tegenthoff, Martin; Kalisch, Tobias (The Sage Encyclopedia of Perception, 2008)

Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: Current state of research - Nater, Urs; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2009)

Salivary alpha amylase as marker for adrenergic activity during stress: Effect of betablockade - Van Stegeren, Anda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Everaerd, Walter; Wolf, Oliver T. (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2006)

Salivary biomarkers in psychoneuroimmunology - Engeland, Christopher G.; Bosch, Jos A.; Rohleder, Nicolas (Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 2019)
As molecular biology advances, an increasing number of proteins are becoming detectable at very low levels in different biological tissues. In this regard, saliva holds vast promise. Unlike blood, saliva can be sampled 1) non-invasively; 2) across all ages (newborn to elderly); 3) in the field; 4) by study participants; and 5) many times per day. With respect to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), physiological measures of stress such as cortisol have been well characterized. Alpha amylase provides another physiological index of stress; it is a measure of autonomic nervous system activation and is quantifiable in saliva. Other salivary measures, such as inflammatory biomarkers and immunoglobulin A (IgA), provide valuable information pertaining to the effects of stress on inflammation, mucosal immunity, and oral health. Importantly, due to various methodological issues and a lack of strong correlation between saliva and blood measures, investigators should proceed with caution in drawing conclusions from measures of salivary inflammation that pertain to systemic immunity or generalized health.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02

Salivary Biomarkers in Psychoneuroimmunology - Engeland, Christopher G.; Bosch, Jos A.; Rohleder, Nicolas (Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 2019)

Salivary progesterone is associated with reduced coherence of attentional, cognitive, and motivational systems - Schultheiss, Oliver; Patalakh, Mariya; Rösch, Andreas (Brain and cognition, 2012)
Implicit motives represent nonconsciously represented dispositions to seek specific classes of incentives and to avoid corresponding classes of disincentives. Growing evidence suggests that the implicit power motive is associated with basal levels and reactivity of the gonadal steroid hormones testosterone in men and estradiol in women. It is also associated with increased release of stress hormones (cortisol, norepinephrine) in response to dominance challenges and social defeat. The implicit affiliation motive is linked to the release of progesterone: increases in progesterone are followed by increases in affiliation motivation, and arousal of affiliation motivation is associated with concurrent or subsequent progesterone increases. There is limited evidence for a role of vasopressin in achievement motivation. These findings point to a key role of the hypothalamus for implicit motives, a role that is consistent with the existence of function-specific nuclei within this brain area.
Keywords: Attention networks; Gonadal steroids; Motivation; Referential competence; Personal goals; Implicit motives; Hemispheric function

Salivary testosterone, cortisol, and progesterone: two-week stability, interhormone correlations, and effects of time of day, menstrual cycle, and oral contraceptive use on steroid hormone levels - Liening, Scott H.; Stanton, Steven J.; Saini, Ekjyot K.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Physiology & behavior, 2010)
With salivary assessment of steroid hormones increasing, more work is needed to address fundamental properties of steroid hormone levels in humans. Using a test – retest design and radioimmunoassay assessment of salivary steroids, we tested the reliability of testosterone, cortisol, and progesterone levels across two weeks, as well as the effects of oral contraceptives, menstrual cycle phase, and time of day on steroid hormone levels. Testosterone and cortisol were found to be highly reliable in both sexes. Progesterone was found to be reliable after collapsing across sex. Oral contraceptive use was associated with lower levels of testosterone, but did not affect cortisol. Contrary to expectations, oral contraceptives also did not affect progesterone. Menstrual cycle was found to affect levels of progesterone, but not testosterone or cortisol. Time of day had an effect on cortisol, on progesterone only at one testing time, and no effect on testosterone. We explored the interhormone correlations among testosterone, progesterone, and cortisol. All three hormones were positively correlated with one another in men. In women, progesterone was positively correlated with testosterone and cortisol, but testosterone and cortisol were uncorrelated.
Keywords: Testosterone; Cortisol; Progesterone; Steroid hormones; Stability; Test –; retest reliability; Human; Interhormone correlations; Oral contraceptives; Menstrual cycle; Time of day

Salivary α-amylase stress reactivity across different age groups - Strahler, Jana; Müller, Annett; Rosenlöcher, Franziska; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychophysiology, 2010)