100 years after: What is the relation between pacifist attitudes and social representations of the Great War? - Bouchat, P; Licata, L; Rosoux, V; Allesch, Christian; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Klein, O (Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 2018)
In this article we use a social representational perspective on a large sample of European students to consider the interplay between pacifist attitudes and representations of World War I (WWI). WWI gave rise to pacifist movements across the globe. Across 10 European countries (N = 1,347 undergraduate students), we invited participants to report the first 5 words that came to their mind when thinking about this event and measured their level of pacifism. Analyses of the reported words revealed the presence of seven lexical classes corresponding to 2 main perspectives on WWI. The first main perspective was characterized by “analytical” representations of the war, with a focus on the places and actors of WWI. The second perspective highlighted negative emotions and appraisals associated with war. Overall, we found that the pacifist attitudes we analyzed were associated with a view of the conflict in terms of negatively valanced words, both at the emotional level and in terms of concrete consequences. Conversely lower pacifist attitudes were linked with an emphasis upon weapons. The present results help fill a gap in the literature on attitudes toward peace and war by evidencing their interplay with the way individuals view war. These findings allow us to establish a connection between mainstream, individual-centered approach to attitudes relying on individual premises and social representation theory. Moreover, in line with historical scholarship, these results suggest that a common interpretational framework underlies a view of the conflict associated with the pacifist wave that emerged 100 years ago and current pacifist attitudes. Finally, the present study is the first large scale psychology study of the social representations of the Great War. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserve

14th Conference of the German Endocrine-Brain-Immune-Network (GEBIN) - Capellino, Silvia; Engler, Harald; Rohleder, Nicolas (Neuroimmunomodulation, 2022)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-11-11

A biobehavioral model of implicit power motivation arousal, reward and frustration - Schultheiss, Oliver (Social neuroscience: Integrating biological and psychological explanations of social behavior, 2007)

Acceptance and use of e-mental health services among university students Secondary analysis of an experiment - Apolinario-Hagen, Jennifer; Harrer, Mathias; Salewski, Christel; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David Daniel (Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung, 2022)
Objective Despite the effectiveness of various e-mental health interventions, relatively low usage rates have been identified, even among digital natives like university students. The aim of this study is therefore to examine the relationship between the general acceptance, the specific interest and actual registration rates for selected targeted e-mental health programs. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of a survey study with n = 451 students (89% distance-learning students) that was embedded in an online experiment targeting information effects on the acceptance of e-mental health services, including the investigation of usage intentions and interest in relation to objective data in terms of registrations regarding selected e-mental health services for stress prevention and health promotion. Results A hierarchical regression analysis showed the stress level, perceived similarity with information sources and attitudes as determinants of usage intentions (R-2 = 0.49). Less than one-third of the sample (31%) reported current interest in participating in one specific e-mental health service. Furthermore, the intention-behavior gap at the follow-up assessment (n/N in %) was lower for the program for employees (85% registered) than for the program for students (69% registered; 77% overall). Conclusion More than three quarters of interested students have registered for a program, which calls for providing simple, direct access options. Future studies should examine the determinants of use and adherence to e-mental health services depending on the acceptance in various subgroups of students in order to develop tailored acceptance-facilitating measures.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-05-06

A century of victimhood: Antecedents and current impacts of perceived suffering in World War I across Europe - Bouchat, P; Licata, L; Rosoux, V; Bruckmüller, Susanne; et al. (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2017)
The present study addresses antecedents and consequences of collective victimhood in the context of World War I (WWI) across 15 European nations (N=2423 social science students). Using multilevel analysis, we find evidence that collective victimhood is still present a hundred years after the onset of the war and can be predicted by WWI-related objective indicators of victimization at national and family levels. This suggests that collective victimhood is partly grounded in the actual experience of WWI. In addition, we show that sense of collective victimhood positively predicts acknowledgment of the suffering inflicted by one's nation on other countries during WWI. This is consistent with a social representation of WWI as involving a vast massacre in which nations were both victim and perpetrator. Finally, we find that objective indicators of victimization predict pacifism in divergent ways, with an indicator at the national level associated with more pacifist attitudes and an indicator at the family level being associated with less pacifist attitudes. This finding suggests that war-torn societies may have developed social representations favouring peaceful coexistence whereas, at the family level, victimization may still foster retaliatory tendencies.
Keywords: collective memory; pacifism; collective victimhood; WWI

A Configural Perspective on the Stability of Externalizing Problem Behavior in Children: Results from the Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study - Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Lösel, Friedrich; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie (Configural Frequency Analysis and other non-parametrical methods: A Gustav A. Lienert memorial issue, 2008)

A contextual perspective on talented female participants and their development in extracurricular STEM programs - Stöger, Heidrun; Schirner, Sigrun; Lämmle, L; Obergriesser, S; Heilemann, M; Ziegler, Albert (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2016)

Acquisition of behavioral avoidance: Task-irrelevant conditioned stimuli trigger costly decisions - Pittig, Andre; Schulz, Alexandra R.; Craske, Michelle G.; Alpers, Georg W. (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2014)
Individuals avoid stimuli which are associated with aversive experience to preserve safety. However, behavioral avoidance also causes impairments and prevents the individual from attaining positive rewards. Little is known about the link between fear acquisition and the development of behavioral avoidance in the presence of potential rewards. Therefore, two experiments investigated the impact of fear conditioning on a subsequent gambling task. In an experimental group (n = 30) advantageous choices (higher reward probability) were linked to a fear-relevant stimulus that was associated with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning (conditioned stimulus, CS+). A disadvantageous choice (lower reward probability) was, however, linked to a safe stimulus that was never associated with the US (CS-). In a control group (n = 25), fear conditioning was followed by a similar gambling task with novel stimuli. A second experiment focused on individual predictors of avoidant decisions (n = 81). Compared with the control group, individuals in the experimental groups avoided the advantageous CS + choice despite fewer gains. The predictor analysis further clarified that avoidant decisions were pronounced in highly trait anxious participants who exhibited higher fear responses. On the other hand, findings also indicated a reduction in absolute avoidance across the task. Combined, these findings demonstrate that fear conditioning can lead to avoidant decision making, especially in vulnerable individuals. The resulting costs parallel impairments caused by behavioral avoidance. Such an emotional decision-making style may be a link between aversive experience and the development of habitual pathological avoidance. Introducing rewards for approach, however, may counteract avoidant decisions. © 2014 American Psychological Association.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety; Approach-avoidance conflict; Behavioral avoidance; Decision making; Experimental psychopathology; Fear conditioning

A Cross-Cultural Study of Implicit Theories of a Creative Person : Poster session presented at the International Conference on Talent Development & Excellence - Hopp, Manuel; Händel, Marion; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (3rd International Conference on Talent Development and Excellence, 2013)

A cross-cultural study of implicit theories of an intelligent person - Aljughaiman, Abdullah; Duan, X; Händel, Marion; Hopp, Manuel; Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Turkish Journal of Giftedness and Education, 2012)

A cross-cultural study of possible iatrogenic effects of gifted education programs: tenth graders´ perceptions of academically high performing classmates - Oh, Hyerim; Sutherland, Margaret; Stack, N; del Mar Badia, M; Blumen, S; Nguyen, Quoc Anh-Thu; Wormald, C; Maakrun, J; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2015)

A cross-cultural validation study of the Questionnaire of Educational and Learning Capital (QELC) in China, Germany and Turkey - Vladut, Anamaria; Liu, Q; Leana-Tasçilar, MarilenaZ.; Vialle, W; Ziegler, Albert (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2013)

A cross-national comparison of school students' perceptions regarding high performing peers - Oh, Hyerim; Sutherland, Margaret; Stack, N; del Mar Badia, M; Blumen, S; Nguyen, Quoc Anh-Thu; Wormald, C; Maakrun, J; Baier, B; Schmidt, M; Ziegler, Albert (Turkish Journal of Giftedness and Education, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.across

A cross-national study of implicit theories of a creative person - Hopp, Manuel; Händel, Marion; Stöger, Heidrun; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (Education Sciences, 2016)

Actiotope model and self-regulated learning - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2011)

Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis in response to a verbal fluency task and associations with task performance - Becker, Linda; Schade, Ursula; Rohleder, Nicolas (PLoS ONE, 2020)
Speech fluency can be impaired in stressful situations. In this study, it was investigated whether a verbal fluency task by itself, i.e. without the presence of any further stressors, induces responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). The sample consisted of n = 85 participants (68.2% female; 33.3 ± 15.2 years) who performed two consecutive verbal fluency tasks for two minutes each. The categories were either ‘stress’ or ‘disease’ and ‘animals’ or ‘foods’ which were presented in a randomized order. Three saliva samples were collected, prior to the task (t0), immediately after (t1), and ten minutes after it (t2). Salivary α-amylase and cortisol were assessed. Furthermore, blood pressure, heart rate, and ratings of actual stress perception, level of effort, and tiredness were measured. The verbal fluency task induced a HPA axis response with a maximum cortisol level at t2 which was independent of task performance. Furthermore, perceived stress and effort, as well as tiredness increased after the task. Moreover, tiredness immediately after the task was negatively correlated with task performance. No α-amylase, blood pressure, or heart rate, and therefore SNS, responses were found. Implications for the integrated specificity model are discussed. We conclude that a verbal fluency task acts like an acute stressor that induces a cortisol and a perceived stress response without the need for further (e.g., social-evaluative) stress components. Therefore, it is a less time-consuming alternative to other stress tasks that can be used in field studies with little effort.<br
Keywords: stress response; stress task; verbal fluency; speech fluency; hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis; sympathetic nervous system; cortisol; α-amylase; blood pressure; heart rate

Activity inhibition: A predictor of lateralized brain function during stress? - Schultheiss, Oliver; Riebel, Kathrin; Jones, Nicolette M. (Neuropsychology, 2009)
The authors tested the hypothesis that activity inhibition (AI), a measure of the frequency of the word “not” in written material, marks a propensity to engage functions of the right hemisphere (RH) and disengage functions of the left hemisphere (LH), particularly during stress. Study 1 and Study 2 showed that high AI predicts faster detection of stimuli presented to the RH, relative to the LH. Study 2 provided evidence that the AI-laterality effect is specific to perceptual, but not motor, laterality and that it is particularly strong in individuals with low mood, but absent in individuals in a positive mood state. Study 3 showed that negative affective stimuli prime the AI-laterality effect more strongly than positive affective stimuli. Findings from Study 4 suggest that situationally induced frustration (losing a contest), in conjunction with high AI, leads to increased attentional laterality. The present findings substantially bolster the construct validity of AI and contribute to a better understanding of earlier findings linking AI to physiological stress responses, immune system functioning, alcohol abuse, and nonverbal behavior.
Keywords: activity inhibition; laterality; stress; content analysis; self-regulation

Acute and chronic stress induced changes in sensitivity of peripheral inflammatory pathways to the signals of multiple stress systems - 2011 Curt Richter Award Winner - Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2012)

Acute deviations from long-term trait depressive symptoms predict systemic inflammatory activity - Rohleder, Nicolas; Miller, Gregory E. (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2008)

Acute psychosocial stress induces differential short-term changes in catecholamine sensitivity of stimulated inflammatory cytokine production - Strahler, Jana; Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2015)

Acute stress responses in salivary alpha-amylase predict increases of plasma norepinephrine - Thoma, Myriam; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta; Rohleder, Nicolas (Biological Psychology, 2012)

Acute stress responses of autonomous nervous system, HPA axis, and inflammatory system in posttraumatic stress disorder - von Majewski, Kristin; Kraus, Olga; Rhein, Cosima; Lieb, Marietta; Erim, Yesim; Rohleder, Nicolas (Translational Psychiatry, 2023)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) does not only have direct consequences for well-being, but it also comes with a significant risk for severe somatic health consequences. A number of previous studies have pointed to alterations in stress systems in traumatized persons, as well as the inflammatory system, which might be important links in the pathway between trauma, PTSD, and health consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate acute stress responses in PTSD patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-seven PTSD patients and 15 controls were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and we measured salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) at different time points before, during and after the stress test. Results revealed similar stress responses between patients and controls, but lower baseline cortisol levels and higher IL-6 baseline levels in PTSD patients. Increases in sAA stress responses were significantly lower in patients, while sAA concentrations were higher in the PTSD group during intervention. HRV was markedly decreased in patients and showed a significantly blunted acute stress response with a slower recovery after TSST. These results confirm previous findings of marked stress system dysregulations in PTSD and add to the literature on acute stress reactivity in PTSD which appears to show stress system-specific changes. Overall, these results have implications for our understanding of potential risk and resilience factors in the response to trauma.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-02-10

Adaptation to increased work autonomy: The role of task reflection - Niessen, Cornelia; Volmer, Judith (European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2010)
This experiment investigated how individuals adapt to increased work autonomy and examined the moderating role of task reflection. Work autonomy was manipulated in an experimental setting in which participants (n = 56) completed a scheduling task. Multilevel analyses demonstrated that participants who began work with low autonomy showed poorer performance when autonomy was increased compared to participants who began with a high level of autonomy. Analysis of thinking-aloud protocols revealed that reflection about task accomplishment had a negative impact on performance among those individuals who worked previously with low autonomy. The data suggest that cognitive capacity limitations and prior task-related knowledge led to the detrimental effects of task reflection on performance when experiencing low autonomy. © 2009 Psychology Press.

Adaptive emotion regulation mediates the relationship between self-compassion and depression in individuals with unipolar depression - Diedrich, Alice; Burger, Julian; Kirchner, Mareike; Berking, Matthias (Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 2016)
Objectives: To identify the mechanisms involved in the association between self-compassion and depression, we examined whether adaptive emotion regulation would mediate the relationship between self-compassion and depression in individuals with unipolar depression. Furthermore, we explored which specific emotion regulation skills would be most important in this relationship. Design and method: Sixty-nine individuals with unipolar depression were assessed with the Self-Compassion Scale and the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire at baseline and with the Beck Depression Inventory-II 1 week later. Results: The results showed that successful application of emotion regulation skills mediates the association between self-compassion and depression. Among eight specific emotion regulation skills, only the ability to tolerate negative emotions was identified as a significant mediator in the self-compassion-depression relationship. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that systematically fostering self-compassion might help depressed individuals cope with their symptoms by enhancing their abilities to tolerate undesired emotions. Practitioner points: Systematically fostering self-compassion through specific compassion-focused interventions might facilitate a reduction in depressive symptoms by improving the person's emotion regulation abilities, especially by improving his or her ability to tolerate negative emotions. Hence, compassion-focused interventions might be particularly promising in depressed patients with a tendency to avoid negative emotions and deficits in tolerating them.
Keywords: Depression; Emotion regulation; Mediator; Self-compassion; Unipolar depression

A Data-Driven Clustering Method for Discovering Profiles in the Dynamics of Major Depressive Disorder Using a Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Mood - van Genugten, Claire; Schuurmans, Josien; Hoogendoorn, Adriaan; Araya, Ricardo; Andersson, Gerhard; Banos Rivera, Rosa M.; Berger, Thomas; Botella, Christina; Pashoja, Arlinda Cerga; Cieslak, Roman; Ebert, David D.; Garcia-Palacios, Azucena; et al. (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2022)
Background: Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a pervasive negative mood, research indicates that the mood of depressed patients is rarely entirely stagnant. It is often dynamic, distinguished by highs and lows, and it is highly responsive to external and internal regulatory processes. Mood dynamics can be defined as a combination of mood variability (the magnitude of the mood changes) and emotional inertia (the speed of mood shifts). The purpose of this study is to explore various distinctive profiles in real-time monitored mood dynamics among MDD patients in routine mental healthcare. Methods: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data were collected as part of the cross-European E-COMPARED trial, in which approximately half of the patients were randomly assigned to receive the blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (bCBT). In this study a subsample of the bCBT group was included (n = 287). As part of bCBT, patients were prompted to rate their current mood (on a 1–10 scale) using a smartphone-based EMA application. During the first week of treatment, the patients were prompted to rate their mood on three separate occasions during the day. Latent profile analyses were subsequently applied to identify distinct profiles based on average mood, mood variability, and emotional inertia across the monitoring period. Results: Overall, four profiles were identified, which we labeled as: (1) “very negative and least variable mood” (n = 14) (2) “negative and moderate variable mood” (n = 204), (3) “positive and moderate variable mood” (n = 41), and (4) “negative and highest variable mood” (n = 28). The degree of emotional inertia was virtually identical across the profiles. Conclusions: The real-time monitoring conducted in the present study provides some preliminary indications of different patterns of both average mood and mood variability among MDD patients in treatment in mental health settings. Such varying patterns were not found for emotional inerti
Keywords: depression; ecological momentary assessment; mood dynamics; mood instability; heterogeneity; cluster analysis

Adding another level of complexity to the depression-inflammation link: What mediates the mediator? - Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2009)

Additive effects of adjunctive app-based interventions for mental disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials - Fuhrmann, Lukas; Weisel, Kiona; Harrer, Mathias; Kulke, Jennifer; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David D.; Berking, Matthias (Internet Interventions, 2024)
Background: It is uncertain whether app-based interventions add value to existing mental health care. Objective: To examine the incremental effects of app-based interventions when used as adjunct to mental health interventions. Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases on September 15th, 2023, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on mental health interventions with an adjunct app-based intervention compared to the same intervention-only arm for adults with mental disorders or respective clinically relevant symptomatology. We conducted meta-analyses on symptoms of different mental disorders at postintervention. PROSPERO, CRD42018098545. Results: We identified 46 RCTs (4869 participants). Thirty-two adjunctive app-based interventions passively or actively monitored symptoms and behaviour, and in 13 interventions, the monitored data were sent to a therapist. We found additive effects on symptoms of depression (g = 0.17; 95 % CI 0.02 to 0.33; k = 7 comparisons), anxiety (g = 0.80; 95 % CI 0.06 to 1.54; k = 3), mania (g = 0.2; 95 % CI 0.02 to 0.38; k = 4), smoking cessation (g = 0.43; 95 % CI 0.29 to 0.58; k = 10), and alcohol use (g = 0.23; 95 % CI 0.08 to 0.39; k = 7). No significant effects were found on symptoms of depression within a bipolar disorder (g = -0.07; 95 % CI -0.37 to 0.23, k = 4) and eating disorders (g = -0.02; 95 % CI -0.44 to 0.4, k = 3). Studies on depression, mania, smoking, and alcohol use had a low heterogeneity between the trials. For other mental disorders, only single studies were identified. Only ten studies had a low risk of bias, and 25 studies reported insufficient statistical power. Discussion: App-based interventions may be used to enhance mental health interventions to further reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, mania, smoking, and alcohol use. However, the effects were small, except for anxiety, and limited due to study quality. Further high-quality research with larger sample sizes is warranted to better understand how app-based interventions can be most effectively combined with established interventions to improve outcomes.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-01-12
Keywords: Adjunct; App-based interventions; Blended; E-mental health; Mental disorder; Meta-analysis; Mobile

Adherence Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials Examining Manualized Multisession Online Interventions: Systematic Review of Practices and Proposal for Reporting Standards - Beintner, Ina; Vollert, Bianka; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Bolinski, Felix; Musiat, Peter; Görlich, Dennis; Ebert, David; Jacobi, Corinna (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2019)
BACKGROUND: Adherence reflects the extent to which individuals experience or engage with the content of online interventions and poses a major challenge. Neglecting to examine and report adherence and its relation to outcomes can compromise the interpretation of research findings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze how adherence is accounted for in publications and to propose standards for measuring and reporting adherence to online interventions. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on online interventions for the prevention and treatment of common mental disorders (depression, anxiety disorders, substance related disorders, and eating disorders) published between January 2006 and May 2018 and indexed in Medline and Web of Science. We included primary publications on manualized online treatments (more than 1 session and successive access to content) and examined how adherence was reported in these publications. RESULTS: We identified 216 publications that met our inclusion criteria. Adherence was addressed in 85% of full-text manuscripts, but only in 31% of abstracts. A median of three usage metrics were reported; the most frequently reported usage metric (61%) was intervention completion. Manuscripts published in specialized electronic health journals more frequently included information on the relation of adherence and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial variety in the reporting of adherence and the usage metrics used to operationalize adherence. This limits the comparability of results and impedes the integration of findings from different studies. Based on our findings, we propose reporting standards for future publications on online interventions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-09-03
Keywords: adherence; attrition; behavior change; compliance; CONSORT eHealth; e-mental health; ehealth; mental health; reporting standards; review; usage

Adherence to internet-based mobile-supported stress management: A pooled analysis of individual participant data from three randomized controlled trials - Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Lehr, Dirk; Berking, Matthias; Riper, Heleen; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2016)
Background: Nonadherence to treatment is a prevalent issue in Internet interventions. Guidance from health care professionals has been found to increase treatment adherence rates in Internet interventions for a range of physical and mental disorders. Evaluating different guidance formats of varying intensity is important, particularly with respect to improvement of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Identifying predictors of nonadherence allows for the opportunity to better adapt Internet interventions to the needs of participants especially at risk for discontinuing treatment. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of different guidance formats (content-focused guidance, adherence-focused guidance, and administrative guidance) on adherence and to identify predictors of nonadherence in an Internet-based mobile-supported stress management intervention (ie, GET.ON Stress) for employees. Methods: The data from the groups who received the intervention were pooled from three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of the same Internet-based mobile-supported stress management intervention (N=395). The RCTs only differed in terms of the guidance format (content-focused guidance vs waitlist control, adherence-focused guidance vs waitlist control, administrative guidance vs waitlist control). Adherence was defined by the number of completed treatment modules (0-7). An ANOVA was performed to compare the adherence rates from the different guidance formats. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate predictors of nonadherence, which included gender, age, education, symptom-related factors, and hope for improvement. Results: In all, 70.5% (93/132) of the content-focused guidance sample, 68.9% (91/132) of the adherence-focused guidance sample, and 42.0% (55/131) of the participants in the administrative guidance sample completed all treatment modules. Guidance had a significant effect on treatment adherence (F=11.64, P<.001; w=.05). Participants in the content-focused guidance (mean 5.70, SD 2.32) and adherence-focused guidance samples (mean 5.58, SD 2.33) completed significantly more modules than participants in the administrative guidance sample (mean 4.36, SD 2.78; t=4.53, P<.001; r=.29). Content-focused guidance was not significantly associated with higher adherence compared to adherence-focused guidance (t=0.42, P=.67; r=.03). The effect size of r=.03 (95% CI-0.09 to 0.15) did not pass the equivalence margin of r=.20 and the upper bound of the 95% CI lay below the predefined margin, indicating equivalence between adherence-focused guidance and content-focused guidance. Beyond the influence of guidance, none of the predictors significantly predicted nonadherence. Conclusions: Guidance has been shown to be an influential factor in promoting adherence to an Internet-based mobile-supported stress management intervention. Adherence-focused guidance, which included email reminders and feedback on demand, was equivalent to content-focused guidance with regular feedback while requiring only approximately a quarter of the coaching resources. This could be a promising discovery in terms of cost-effectiveness. However, even after considering guidance, sociodemographic, and symptom-related characteristics, most interindividual differences in nonadherence remain unexplained.
Keywords: Guidance; Internet intervention; Predictors; Stress management; Treatment adherence; Work-related stress

A dimensional measure of safety behavior: A non-dichotomous assessment of costly avoidance in human fear conditioning - Wong, Alex H. K.; Pittig, Andre (Psychological research, 2021)
Safety behavior prevents the occurrence of threat, thus it is typically considered adaptive. However, safety behavior in anxiety-related disorders is often costly, and persists even the situation does not entail realistic threat. Individuals can engage in safety behavior to varying extents, however, these behaviors are typically measured dichotomously (i.e., to execute or not). To better understand the nuances of safety behavior, this study developed a dimensional measure of safety behavior that had a negative linear relationship with the admission of an aversive outcome. In two experiments, a Reward group receiving fixed or individually calibrated incentives competing with safety behavior showed reduced safety behavior than a Control group receiving no incentives. This allowed extinction learning to a previously learnt warning signal in the Reward group (i.e., updating the belief that this stimulus no longer signals threat). Despite the Reward group exhibited extinction learning, both groups showed a similar increase in fear to the warning signal once safety behavior was no longer available. This null group difference was due to some participants in the Reward group not incentivized enough to disengage from safety behavior. Dimensional assessment revealed a dissociation between low fear but substantial safety behavior to a safety signal in the Control group. This suggests that low-cost safety behavior does not accurately reflect the fear-driven processes, but also other non-fear-driven processes, such as cost (i.e., engage in safety behavior merely because it bears little to no cost). Pinpointing both processes is important for furthering the understanding of safety behavior.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26

Adolescent Perception of Potential High-Performing Classmates: A Cross-National Exploration - Oh, Hyerim; Sutherland, Margaret; Stack, Niamh; Badia Martín, Mar; Blumen, Sheyla; Nguyen, Quoc Anh Thu; Wormald, Catherine; Maakrun, Julie; Ziegler, Albert (Roeper review, 2019)
This study explores how secondary school students perceive high-performing potential classmates. A total of 1,794 seventh- and 10th-grade students from five countries completed a questionnaire measuring their expectations of hypothetical male and female high-performing classmates in three categories: intellectual ability, positive social qualities, and popularity. Across the five countries represented in this study, analyses of variance indicated that students did not report negative attitudes toward the three potential characteristics of a hypothetical gifted peer. Vietnamese students in particular reported more positive observations about the hypothetical classmate than their Australian, Peruvian, South Korean, and Spanish counterparts. Differing cross-national attitudes toward high-performing peers and the implications therein are discussed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-21
Keywords: high performing students; intellectual ability; peer perception; popularity; positive social qualities

Adolescents' protection motivation and smoking behaviour - Thrul, Johannes Erich; Stemmler, Mark; Bühler, Anneke; Kuntsche, Emmanuel (Health education research, 2013)
The protection motivation theory (PMT) is a well-known theory of behaviour change. This study tested the applicability of the sub-constructs of threat and coping appraisal in predicting adolescents' smoking-related behavioural intentions and smoking behaviour longitudinally. Adolescents (N = 494) aged 11-16 years and not currently smoking at baseline participated in the study. Predictive validity of PMT constructs was tested in a path analysis model. Self-efficacy significantly predicted behavioural intention at baseline, which significantly predicted behavioural intention at follow-up, which in turn predicted smoking behaviour at follow-up. The effect of self-efficacy on behavioural intention at follow-up was mediated by behavioural intention at baseline and the effect of self-efficacy on smoking behaviour was mediated by behavioural intention at baseline and follow-up. In conclusion, we found support for one part of the PMT, namely for the predictive validity of the coping appraisal construct self-efficacy in predicting adolescents' smoking-related behavioural intention and smoking behaviour. These results fail to support the appropriateness of the PMT's construct threat appraisal in longitudinally predicting adolescents' smoking as well as the applicability of communicating fear and negative information as preventive interventions for this target group.

Adolescents’ social perceptions of academically high-performing students: a country and gender comparative study - Oh, Hyerim; Sutherland, Margaret; Stack, Niamh; del Mar Badia Martín, Maria; Blumen, Sheyla; Nguyen, Quoc Anh Thu; Wormald, Catherine; Maakrun, Julie; Ziegler, Albert (Compare, 2019)
One cohort that has not been given extended attention in the period during which transition takes place is academically high-performing students. This research study uniquely synthesises some of these key factors by investigating how students in mixed-ability, seventh-grade classrooms across Australia, Peru, Scotland, South Korea, Spain and Vietnam regard a hypothetical, academically able peer. The fictitious student’s intellectual ability, positive social traits and popularity varied across the six countries involved in this study, and were observed according to the gender of the perceiver. More specifically, the perceived popularity of a high-performing boy or girl was reported differently among the country groups. In Scotland, for example, the authors uncovered a potential risk to female social status arising from peer reactions to her academic achievement. Yet in Vietnam, female study participants maintained a positive perception of both hypothetical students, regardless of gender. The results of this study are discussed herein.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-21
Keywords: High performer; intellectual ability; peer perception; popularity; positive social qualities

A double-edged sword: How social diversity affects trust in representatives via perceived competence and warmth - Ehrke, Franziska; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie C. (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2020)
Previous research has claimed that diversity erodes trust, even though the empirical evidence is mixed and restricted to ethnic neighborhood diversity. Against the backdrop of increasing diversity within the political sphere and concurrently declining political trust, we examined the impact of social diversity on trust in groups of political representatives. In two experiments (N-1 = 109, N-2 = 248) we tested how the diversity of political parties affected citizens' trust in them. In line with predictions of the stereotype content model, diverse parties were perceived as warmer and less competent than non-diverse parties (Experiments 1-2). Additionally, party diversity was perceived as having more benefits, but also involving more threats (Experiment 2). Consequently, diversity had both positive (via warmth and benefits) and negative (via competence and threats) indirect effects on trust. These results help to untangle previously mixed, for the most part non-experimental, findings of the relationship between diversity and trust.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-03-05

Adrenocortical activity and aggressive behavior in children: A longitudinal study on risk and protective effects - Bender, Doris; Lösel, Friedrich (Frontiers in Psychology, 2021)
Most research on aggression and delinquency concentrates on risk factors. There has been less attention for protective factors and mechanisms, in particular with regard to biosocial influences. Based on theories of autonomous arousal and stress reactance the present study addresses the influence of adrenocortical activity as a risk and/or protective factor in the development of antisocial behavior in children. We also investigated relations to anxiousness and family stressors. In a prospective longitudinal study of 150 German boys, the first measurement took place at preschool age and contained an assessment of cortisol after waking up and 30 minutes later. Aggressiveness and anxiousness of the children were assessed by the kindergarten teachers with the Social Behavior Questionnaire. After six years, the children’s behavior was rated by the teachers in middle school. Variable-oriented data analyses revealed a significant correlation between the total amount of cortisol after waking up and 30 minutes later (AUCG) and anxiousness both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, but not with aggressiveness. A family stress index correlated positively with aggressiveness but neither with cortisol nor with anxiousness. There were significant correlations between aggressiveness and anxiousness at kindergarten age and the respective behavior problems six years later. In a linear regression analysis on aggression only family stress had a significant effect but anxiousness not. Moderator analyses on aggressiveness with anxiousness and AUCG or on AUCG with anxiousness and aggressiveness did not show any significant interactions. Longitudinally, only aggression significantly predicted aggression six years later in a linear regression. In addition to variable-oriented analyses, we also applied a person-oriented approach to investigate specific patterns of behavior. Children who were high in both aggressiveness and anxiousness had the highest cortisol level and those with low anxiousness and high aggressiveness the lowest. The groups with different patterns of externalizing and internalizing problems at preschool age showed significant differences in aggression six years later. Our results underline the need for complex pattern analyses on cortisol, aggression, and anxiousness in children and for a differentiated consideration of emotional reactive aggression and unemotional instrumental aggression. <br
Keywords: Adrenocortical activity; aggressiveness; anxiousness; family stress; protective factors; pattern analysis

Adult attachment and gene polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) - Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Attachment and Human Development, 2010)
Recently, the Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene (DRD4) and the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTT) have been found to be candidate genes for infant attachment disorganization. The present study aimed to explore the relationship of these genes to adult attachment representations. The Adult Attachment Interview was used to assess attachment representations in 167 German adults. DNA from buccal cells was genotyped for the DRD4 VNTR Exon III and 5-HTT LPR polymorphisms with respect to the presence of the 7repeat allele and the short allele, respectively. DRD4 7repeat allele carriers were significantly more likely to be securely attached than those without 7repeat but only for subjects with unloving caregiver recollections. No association between the 5-HTT LPR polymorphism and adult attachment was found. These findings encourage further investigations to explore endophenotypical and mediating psychological processes between the DRD4 Gene and secure attachment patterns. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Adult attachment and testosterone reactivity: Fathers’ avoidance predicts changes in testosterone during the strange situation procedure - Edelstein, Robin S.; Chin, Kristi; Saini, Ekjyot K.; Kuo, Patty X.; Schultheiss, Oliver; Volling, Brenda L. (Hormones and Behavior, 2019)
We assessed parents’ testosterone reactivity to the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), a moderately stressful parent-infant interaction task that pulls for parental nurturance and caregiving behavior. Parents (146 mothers, 154 fathers) interacted with their 1-year-old infants, and saliva samples were obtained pre- and post-task to assess changes in testosterone. We examined whether testosterone reactivity differed between mothers and fathers, the extent to which parents’ characteristic approaches to closeness (i.e., adult attachment orientation) contributed to testosterone changes, and whether any influences of adult attachment orientation were independent of more general personality characteristics (i.e., the Big Five personality dimensions). Results revealed that mothers and fathers showed comparable declines in testosterone during the SSP, and that these declines were attenuated among fathers with a more avoidant attachment orientation (i.e., those less comfortable with closeness). Associations between fathers’ avoidance and testosterone reactivity were statistically independent of broader personality traits. Our findings provide some of the first evidence for short-term changes in both mothers’ and fathers’ testosterone in contexts that pull for nurturance. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that individual differences in adult attachment may play an important role in understanding such changes. We discuss possible explanations for gender differences in associations between adult attachment and parents’ testosterone reactivity, and the extent to which testosterone reactivity might be sensitive to changes in context for mothers versus fathers.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-09
Keywords: Adult attachment; Avoidance; Fathers; Gender; Infants; Mothers; Parenting; Personality; Strange situation; Testosterone

Adult attachment, implicit motives, and mothers’ and fathers’ parenting behaviors. - Safyer, Paige; Volling, Brenda L.; Schultheiss, Oliver; Tolman, Richard M. (Motivation Science, 2019)

Advancing knowledge about replication in criminology - Farrington, David P.; Lösel, Friedrich; Boruch, Robert F.; Gottfredson, Denise C.; Mazerolle, Lorraine; Sherman, Lawrence W.; Weisburd, David (Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2019)
This article summarizes key points made in a session at the American Society of Criminology meeting in Philadelphia in November 2017, entitled "The replication issue in science and its relevance for criminology", organized by Friedrich Losel and Robert F. Boruch. In turn, this session was inspired by Friedrich Losel's (2018) article in this journal, based on his 2015 Joan McCord Award Lecture of the Academy of Experimental Criminology. In the present article, Friedrich Losel introduces the topic of replication in criminology and summarizes his main arguments. Then, six leading criminologists present short papers on this topic. Robert F. Boruch points out the instability in social systems, David P. Farrington argues that systematic reviews are important, and Denise C. Gottfredson calls attention to the heterogeneity in conclusions across different studies. Lorraine Mazerolle reviews attempts to replicate experiments in procedural justice, Lawrence W. Sherman draws attention to enthusiasm bias in criminal justice experiments, and David Weisburd discusses the logic of null hypothesis significance testing and multi-center trials. Finally, some developments since November 2017 in research on replication in criminology are discussed.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-10-15

Advancing psychotherapy and evidence-based psychological interventions - Knappe, Susanne; Ollendick, Thomas; Hermans, Dirk; Riper, Heleen; Colom, Franscesc; Essau, Cecilia; Botella, Christina; Andersson, Gerhard; Berking, Matthias; Carlbring, Per; Lutz, Wolfgang; Banos Rivera, Rosa; et al. (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2014)
Psychological models of mental disorders guide research into psychological and environmental factors that elicit and maintain mental disorders as well as interventions to reduce them. This paper addresses four areas. (1) Psychological models of mental disorders have become increasingly transdiagnostic, focusing on core cognitive endophenotypes of psychopathology from an integrative cognitive psychology perspective rather than offering explanations for unitary mental disorders. It is argued that psychological interventions for mental disorders will increasingly target specific cognitive dysfunctions rather than symptom-based mental disorders as a result. (2) Psychotherapy research still lacks a comprehensive conceptual framework that brings together the wide variety of findings, models and perspectives. Analysing the state-of-the-art in psychotherapy treatment research, “component analyses” aiming at an optimal identification of core ingredients and the mechanisms of change is highlighted as the core need towards improved efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, and improved translation to routine care. (3) In order to provide more effective psychological interventions to children and adolescents, there is a need to develop new and/or improved psychotherapeutic interventions on the basis of developmental psychopathology research taking into account knowledge of mediators and moderators. Developmental neuroscience research might be instrumental to uncover associated aberrant brain processes in children and adolescents with mental health problems and to better examine mechanisms of their correction by means of psychotherapy and psychological interventions. (4) Psychotherapy research needs to broaden in terms of adoption of large-scale public health strategies and treatments that can be applied to more patients in a simpler and cost-effective way. Increased research on efficacy and moderators of Internet-based treatments and e-mental health tools (e.g. to support “real time” clinical decision-making to prevent treatment failure or relapse) might be one promising way forward. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: cognitive endophenotypes; dimensional approaches; cognitive processing; models for psychopathology; cognitive behavioural therapy; effectiveness; children; adolescents; e-mental health

Adversarial alignment enables competing models to engage in cooperative theory building toward cumulative science - Ellemers, Naomi; Fiske, Susan T.; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Koch, Alex; Yzerbyt, Vincent (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020)
Crises in science concern not only methods, statistics, and results but also, theory development. Beyond the indispensable refinement of tools and procedures, resolving crises would also benefit from a deeper understanding of the concepts and processes guiding research. Usually, theories compete, and some lose, incentivizing destruction of seemingly opposing views. This does not necessarily contribute to accumulating insights, and it may incur collateral damage (e.g., impairing cognitive processes and collegial relations). To develop a more constructive model, we built on adversarial collaboration, which integrates incompatible results into agreed-on new empirical research to test competing hypotheses [D. Kahneman, Am. Psychol. 58, 723-730 (2003)]. Applying theory and evidence from the behavioral sciences, we address the group dynamic complexities of adversarial interactions between scientists. We illustrate the added value of considering these in an “adversarial alignment” that addressed competing conceptual frameworks from five different theories of social evaluation. Negotiating a joint framework required two preconditions and several guidelines. First, we reframed our interactions from competitive rivalry to cooperative pursuit of a joint goal, and second, we assumed scientific competence and good intentions, enabling cooperation toward that goal. Then, we applied five rules for successful multiparty negotiations: 1) leveling the playing field, 2) capitalizing on curiosity, 3) producing measurable progress, 4) working toward mutual gain, and 5) being aware of the downside alternative. Together, these guidelines can encourage others to create conditions that allow for theoretical alignments and develop cumulative science.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-04-21
Keywords: Behavioral science; Cooperation; Negotiation; Scientific competition; Theory building

Affect Regulation Training - Berking, Matthias; Whitley, Brian (Springer, 2014)
Emotion Regulation is currently one of the most popular topics in clinical psychology. Numerous studies demonstrate that deficits in emotion regulation skills are likely to help maintain various forms of psychological disorders. Thus, enhancing emotion regulation has become a major target in psychotherapeutic treatments. For this purpose, a number of therapeutic strategies have been developed and shown to be effective. However, for practitioners it is often difficult to decide which of these strategies they should use or how they can effectively combine empirically-validated strategies. Thus, the authors developed the Affect Regulation Training as a transdiagnostic intervention which systematically integrates strategies from cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness-based interventions, emotion-focused therapy, and dialectical behavioral therapy. The effectiveness of ART has been demonstrated in several high-quality studies.<br
Keywords: affective regulation; autonomic nervous system; awareness of emotions; brain; coping with stress; effect/consequence of negative emotions; emotion dysregulation; emotion regulation; emotion regulation abilities; emotion regulation skills; emotion regulation techniques; hippocampus; limbic system; mediation; negative emotions; neuroscience; parasympathetic; prefrontal cortex; psychotherapeutic group intervention; relationship between mental health and; emotion regulation; relaxation training; stress management; stress management training; sympathetic; training; program for emotion regulation; transdiagnostic treatment

Affect regulation training reduces symptom severity in depression – A randomized controlled trial - Berking, Matthias; Eichler, Eva; Luhmann, Maike; Diedrich, Alice; Hiller, Wolfgang; Rief, Winfried (PLoS ONE, 2019)
Deficits in general emotion regulation skills have been shown to be associated with various mental disorders. Thus, general affect-regulation training has been proposed as promising transdiagnostic approach to the treatment of psychopathology. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a general affect-regulation as a stand-alone, group-based treatment for depression. For this purpose, we randomly assigned 218 individuals who met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) to the Affect Regulation Training (ART), to a waitlist control condition (WLC), or to a condition controlling for common factors (CFC). The primary outcome was the course of depressive symptom severity as assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Beck Depression Inventory. Multi-level analyses indicated that participation in ART was associated with a greater reduction of depressive symptom severity than was participation in WLC (d = 0.56), whereas the slight superiority of ART over CFC (d = 0.25) was not statistically significant. Mediation analyses indicated that changes in emotion regulation skills mediated the differences between ART/CFC and WLC. Thus, the findings provide evidence for enhancing emotion regulation skills as a common mechanism of change in psychological treatments for depression. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01330485) and was supported by grants from the German Research Association (DFG; BE 4510/3-1; HI 456/6-2). Future research should compare the (cost-) efficacy of ART with that of disorder-specific interventions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-09-03

Affektive Reaktionen und motorisches Lernen in einer Wettkampfsituation: Vorläufige Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Studie [Affective reactions and motor learning in a contest situation: Preliminary results of an experimental study] - Steib, Simon; Braun, Sinja; Gegenfurtner, Paula; Schöttner, Hanna; Bettac, Marlene; Schuster, Lea; Wanner, Philipp; Köllner, Martin (53. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Sportpsychologie, 2021)

Affektiv-motivational adaptive und handlungsadaptive Reaktionen auf Fehler im Lernprozess - Dresel, M.; Schober, B; Ziegler, Albert; Grassinger, Robert; Steuer, G (Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 2013)

A forward method for interaction structure analysis (ISA): Applications in ANOVA designs - Stemmler, Mark Kurt (Psychologische Beiträge, 2000)
Describes interaction structure analyses (ISA) as an explorative method of Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) that examines the structure of interactions among the variables involved underlying the detected "types" or "antitype." ISA examines higher order interactions in 2 dimensional contingency tables. Examines extensions of the original ISA procedure that analyze the use of ISA for data from one- and/or multiway analysis of variance (M. Stemmler, 1994). Drawbacks of the use of ISA procedures are also discussed.

A gamified smartphone-based intervention for depression: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial. - Lukas, Christian; Eskofier, Björn; Berking, Matthias (JMIR Mental Health, 2021)
Background: Available smartphone-based interventions for depression predominantly use evidence-based strategies from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), but patient engagement and reported effect sizes are small. Recently, studies have demonstrated that smartphone-based interventions combining CBT with gamified approach-avoidance bias modification training (AAMT) can foster patient engagement and reduce symptoms of several mental health problems. Objective: Based on these findings, we developed a gamified smartphone-based intervention, mentalis Phoenix (MT-Phoenix), and hypothesized the program would both engage patients and produce preliminary evidence for the reduction of depressive symptoms. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we evaluated MT-Phoenix in a randomized controlled pilot trial including 77 individuals with elevated depression scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores ≥5). Participants were either instructed to train for 14 days with MT-Phoenix or assigned to a waitlist control condition. Engagement with the intervention was measured by assessing usage data. The primary outcome was reduction in depressive symptom severity at postassessment. Results: Data from this pilot trial shows that participants in the intervention group used the smartphone-based intervention for 46% of all days (6.4/14) and reported a significantly greater reduction of depressive symptoms than did participants in the control condition (F1,74=19.34; P=.001), with a large effect size (d=1.02). Effects were sustained at a 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: A gamified smartphone-based intervention combining CBT with AAMT may foster patient engagement and effectively target depressive symptoms. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a phase 3 trial using clinical samples. Moreover, the intervention should be compared to active control conditions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-06
Keywords: smartphone technology; depression; cognitive behavioral therapy; approach/avoidance; gamification

Age and adaptation to changes in the workplace - Niessen, Cornelia; Swarowski, Christine (Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, 2006)

Age and adaptation to changes in the workplace - Niessen, Cornelia; Swarowski, Christine; Leiz, Markus (Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2010)
Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between age and adaptation to changes in the workplace (perceived demand-ability fit, task performance before and after change). It also seeks to explore two mediators of the potential age-adaptation relationships: adaptive self-efficacy and job experience. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 117 employees from three multinational organizations completed two questionnaires one month before and three months after changes in their workplaces. Findings: Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that age was not related to fit and performance before but was negatively related to fit and performance after organizational change. These relationships were mediated by job experience. Job experience made it more difficult for employees - whether young or old - to adapt to workplace changes. Adaptive self-efficacy did not mediate the negative age-adaptation association. Research limitations/implications: In the sample, only a few employees were older than 56 years which might limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should also attempt to include objective performance data. Practical implications: Managerial interventions regarding learning, development, and job rotation might counteract negative effects of job tenure. Originality/value: There is little empirical research addressing issues related to age and adaptation in the workplace. The longitudinal field study presented in the paper contributes to the literature on individual adaptation to changes in the workplace by empirically examining the relationship between age and indicators of adaptation, and its mediating factors. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Adaptability; Employee behaviour; Older workers; Organizational change; Workplace

Age and creativity at work: The interplay between job resources, age and idea creativity - Niessen, Cornelia; Binnewies, Carmen; Ohly, Sandra (Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2008)
Purpose - The purspose of this study is to examine the interplay between job resources (job control and support for creativity from coworkers and supervisors), age and creativity at work. Job control and support for creativity are assumed to benefit idea creativity and to moderate the relationship between age and idea creativity. Design/methodology/approach - A sample of 117 nurses completed questionnaire measures and reported a creative idea they recently had at work. Three subject matter experts rated the creativity of the ideas. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test hypotheses. Findings - Job control and support for creativity as well as age were unrelated to idea creativity. However, job control and support for creativity moderated the relationship between age and idea creativity. Age was positively related to idea creativity under high job control and negatively related to idea creativity under low job control and low support for creativity. Research limitations/implications - A potentially selective sample due to systematic drop-outs and a selection effect of older nurses might limit the generalizability of our results. Future research should examine the mechanisms that explain the moderating effect of job resources in the relationship between age and performance. Practical implications - Older employees' creativity at work can be raised by fostering support for creativity from coworkers and supervisors. Younger employees should get support to deal with a high level of job control, because their creativity is lowest under a high level of job control. Originality/value - Using data from multiple sources the study shows that different constellations of job resources benefit older and younger employees' creativity at work.
Keywords: Creative thinking; Nurses; Older workers; Resources

Age and learning during unemployment - Niessen, Cornelia (Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2006)
This study investigated age, past job control, social support and financial hardship as predictors of continuous learning among a sample of unemployed job seekers. A total of 172 participants completed measures of continuous learning (motivation to learn, education initiative and updating behaviour) and of potential predictors. Analysis showed that age was not related to motivation to learn and education initiative. Past job control and social support moderated the relationship between age and continuous learning. Age was positively related to some types of continuous learning for unemployed people with high social support and high past job control. Future research should identify more individual and situational characteristics, which support continuous learning throughout the lifespan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Age and Personal Growth at Work. The Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership on Teachers‘ Self-Efficacy and Thriving - Niessen, Cornelia; Mäder, Inge; Schröder, Carina; Volmer, Judith (18th European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology Congress, 2017)

Age and sex steroid-related changes in glucocorticoid sensitivity of pro-inflammatory cytokine production after psychosocial stress - Rohleder, Nicolas; Kudielka, Brigitte; Hellhammer, Dirk; Wolf, Jutta; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Journal of Neuroimmunology, 2002)

Age differences in the relationship between cortisol and emotional memory - Gutchess, Angela; Alves, Alana N.; Paige, Laura E.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta M. (Psychology and Aging, 2019)

Agency and Communion as Fundamental Dimensions of Social Judgment - and Bogdan Wojciszke's Brilliant Idea on Perspective - Abele, Andrea E. (Social Psychological Bulletin, 2022)
The fundamental dimensions of social judgment and social evaluation, called agency and communion, are overarching constructs in many fields of psychology. Agency is related to goal-striving and "getting ahead", communion is related to forming bonds and "getting along". These dimensions are used both to interpret behaviors, and to evaluate targets. Bogdan Wojciszke was the first to relate these dimensions to perspective, and to show that the perspective of an actor is more closely related to agency, whereas the perspective of an observer is more closely related to communion. The "Dual Perspective Model" combines the fundamental dimensions of social judgment and evaluation with perspective and leads to a number of far-reaching hypotheses on social interactions. The model has inspired research in diverse areas of psychology, such as evaluation of brands, stereotypes of groups, evaluation of political leaders, gender research, social desirability research, self-evaluation, bodily posture in social interaction, to name just a few. It has been further developed to a broad-ranging theory applicable to many phenomena in (social) psychology. Bogdan Wojciszke lives his ideals and it is a pleasure and an honor to cooperate with him.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-12-02
Keywords: actor versus observer perspective; agency and communion; application and extension of the model; dual perspective model; fundamental dimensions of social judgment

Agency and communion in self-concept and in self-esteem. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Hauke, Nicole (Agency and communion in social psychology., 2018)

Agency, Social Assistance (Communion), And Goal Pursuit - Abele, Andrea E. (Psychological Inquiry, 2022)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-29

Agency und Communion: Basisdimensionen der sozialen Kognition - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Selbst und soziale Kognition, 2016)
Es wird ein Überblick über die Forschung zu Basisdimensionen der sozialen Kognition gegeben, und die Erkenntnisse, die sich daraus für die Personenwahrnehmung gewinnen lassen, werden systematisch zusammengefasst. Behandelt werden folgende Inhalte: (1) Die von Bakan (1966) eingeführten Konzepte "Agency" und "Communion" als fundamentale Basisdimensionen ("Big Two") der sozialen Kognition. (2) Warum gibt es die "Big Two"? (3) Die "Big Two" in der Akteurs- versus Beobachterperspektive: Das Zwei-Perspektiven-Modell. (4) Weitere wichtige Erkenntnisse zu den Basisdimensionen (Variabilität und Veränderbarkeit der Basisdimensionen; die Rolle der Valenz; Beziehung der beiden Dimensionen zueinander). (5) Die Basisdimensionen und Status/Macht.
Keywords: Soziale Wahrnehmung; Soziale Kognition; Handeln; Interpersonale Kommunikation; Psychologische Theorien; Status; Dominanz

Age-related changes in job search and retraining during unemployment - Niessen, Cornelia; Dorr, Sandra (22st Annual SIOP Conference, 2006)

Aggression - Hildebrand, Anja; Stemmler, Mark (Psychologische Förder- und Interventionsprogramme für das Kindes- und Jugendalter, 2021)

Aggressive, delinquent and violent outcomes of school bullying: Do family and individual factors have a protective function? - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Journal of School Violence, 2014)
Bullying perpetration at school is a long-term predictor of aggression, delinquency, and violence. Most research concentrates on risk factors for such developments, whereas protective factors have been rarely addressed. Therefore, the present study investigates potentially protective effects of family and child characteristics in a prospective longitudinal design. The sample contained 519 youngsters (253 boys and 266 girls) from the Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study. Bullying perpetration was measured at age 9.0 years, mothers’ and children's reports on family and individual characteristics were collected at age 10.6, and outcomes in self-reported aggressive/violent offending and mother-reported aggressive and delinquent behavior were collected at age 13.7. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed main effects and interactions. The latter suggest buffering protective effects of consistent discipline in parenting and children's intelligence, positive attitude to school, prosocial behavior skills, low hyperactivity/inattention, and an anxious/depressive mood. The findings varied across the two outcome measures and with regard to gender. Implications for further research and prevention practice are discussed.
Keywords: school bullying; protective factors; youth violence; antisocial behavior; longitudinal research

Aggressives und delinquentes Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Sexualstraftaten und Gewaltdelinquenz: Verlauf, Behandlung, Opferschutz, 1998)

Aggressives Verhalten im Vorschulalter: Eine Untersuchung zum Problem verschiedener Informanten - Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie (Aggressionsentwicklung zwischen Normalität und Pathologie, 2005)

Aging diurnal rhythms and chronic stress: Distinct alteration of diurnal rhythmicity of salivary α-amylase and cortisol - Strahler, Jana; Berndt, Christiane; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Rohleder, Nicolas (Biological Psychology, 2010)

A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: Health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial - Paganini, Sarah; Lin, Jiaxi; Kählke, Fanny; Buntrock, Claudia; Leiding, Delia; Ebert, David; Baumeister, Harald (BMJ Open, 2019)
Objective This study aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a guided and unguided internet-based intervention for chronic pain patients (ACTonPain guided and ACTonPain unguided) compared with a waitlist control group (CG) as well as the comparative cost-effectiveness of the guided and the unguided version. Design This is a health economic evaluation alongside a three-arm randomised controlled trial from a societal perspective. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 9 weeks and 6 months after randomisation. Setting Participants were recruited through online and offline strategies and in collaboration with a health insurance company. Participants 302 adults (≥18 years, pain for at least 6 months) were randomly allocated to one of the three groups (ACTonPain guided, ACTonPain unguided, CG). Interventions ACTonPain consists of seven modules and is based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. ACTonPain guided and ACTonPain unguided only differ in provision of human support. Primary and secondary outcome measures Main outcomes of the cost-effectiveness and the cost-utility analyses were meaningful change in pain interference (treatment response) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. Economic evaluation estimates were the incremental cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratio (ICER/ICUR). Results At 6-month follow-up, treatment response and QALYs were highest in ACTonPain guided (44% and 0.280; mean costs = €6,945), followed by ACTonPain unguided (28% and 0.266; mean costs = €6,560) and the CG (16% and 0.244; mean costs = €6,908). ACTonPain guided vs CG revealed an ICER of €45 and an ICUR of €604.ACTonPain unguided dominated CG. At a willingness-to-pay of €0 the probability of being cost-effective was 50% for ACTonPain guided (vs CG, for both treatment response and QALY gained) and 67% for ACTonPain unguided (vs CG, for both treatment response and QALY gained). These probabilities rose to 95% when society's willingness-to-pay is €91,000 (ACTonPain guided) and €127,000 (ACTonPain unguided) per QALY gained. ACTonPain guided vs ACTonPain unguided revealed an ICER of €2,374 and an ICUR of €45,993. Conclusions Depending on society's willingness-to-pay, ACTonPain is a potentially cost-effective adjunct to established pain treatment. ACTonPain unguided (vs CG) revealed lower costs at better health outcomes. However, uncertainty has to be considered. Direct comparison of the two interventions does not indicate a preference for ACTonPain guided. Trial registration number DRKS00006183.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02

A health economic outcome evaluation of an internet-based mobile-supported stress management intervention for employees. - Ebert, David; Kählke, Fanny; Buntrock, Claudia; Berking, Matthias; Smit, Filip; Heber, Elena; Baumeister, Harald; Funk, Burkhardt; Riper, Heleen; Lehr, Dirk (Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 2018)
Objective This study aimed to estimate and evaluate the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of a guided internet- and mobile-supported occupational stress-management intervention (iSMI) for employees from the employer's perspective alongside a randomized controlled trial. Methods A sample of 264 employees with elevated symptoms of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10 ≥22) was randomly assigned either to the iSMI or a waitlist control (WLC) group with unrestricted access to treatment as usual. The iSMI consisted of seven sessions of problem-solving and emotion-regulation techniques and one booster session. Self-report data on symptoms of perceived stress and economic data were assessed at baseline, and at six months following randomization. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) with symptom-free status as the main outcome from the employer's perspective was carried out. Statistical uncertainty was estimated using bootstrapping (N=5000). Results The CBA yielded a net-benefit of EUR181 [95% confidence interval (CI) -6043-1042] per participant within the first six months following randomization. CEA showed that at a willingness-to-pay ceiling of EUR0, EUR1000, EUR2000 for one additional symptom free employee yielded a 67%, 90%, and 98% probability, respectively, of the intervention being cost-effective compared to the WLC. Conclusion The iSMI was cost-effective when compared to WLC and even lead to cost savings within the first six months after randomization. Offering stress-management interventions can present good value for money in occupational healthcare.

Akademische Mediennutzung Studierender im Corona-Semester 2020 - Bedenlier, Svenja; Händel, Marion; Kammerl, Rudolf; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert (MedienPädagogik, 2021)
Unter dem Eindruck der CoViD-19 Pandemie erfolgte im Sommersemester 2020 an deutschen Hochschulen flächendeckende Online-Lehre im Notbetrieb. Die vorliegende längsschnittliche Fragebogenstudie untersucht die akademische Mediennutzung, -kompetenz und -ausstattung Studierender (N = 2.037) an einer deutschen Volluniversität zu Beginn und zur Mitte des betreffenden Semesters. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die akademische Mediennutzung intensiviert wird, wahrgenommene digitale Kompetenzen der Studierenden zunehmen und E-Learning Angebote fakultätsspezifisch eingesetzt und genutzt werden. Sichtbar wird jedoch auch, dass Studierende mit heterogenen Voraussetzungen in das Semester starteten, die sich auch im Semesterverlauf auf die Studiensituation auswirkten. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund bildungspolitischer Bestrebungen hinsichtlich der Digitalisierung der Hochschullehre, mediendidaktischer Fragestellungen und studentischem Eigensinn der Mediennutzung eingeordnet und diskutiert.
Keywords: Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT); Mediennutzung; Studierende; Hochschule

Aktiotop-Ansatz - Ziegler, Albert; Spann, Stefan (News & science, 2011)

A laboratory medical anamnesis interview elicits psychological and physiological arousal - Sturmbauer, Sarah; Schwerdtfeger, Andreas; Schmelzle, Simon; Rohleder, Nicolas (Stress-The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 2022)
Keywords: anamnesis; health; risk; doctor-patient relationship; cortisol; heart rate

A longitudinal investigation of employee adaptability during an organizational change: The role of self-regulation. - Niessen, Cornelia; Braun, I. (Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, 2010)

Altered cortisol awakening response in posttraumatic stress disorder - Wessa, Michele; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Flor, Herta (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2006)

Altered salivary alpha-amylase awakening response in Bosnian War refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder - Thoma, Myriam; Joksimovic, Ljiljana; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Wolf, Jutta; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2012)

A mechanism converting psychosocial stress into mononuclear cell activation - Bierhaus, Angelika; Wolf, Jutta; Andrassy, Martin; Rohleder, Nicolas; Humpert, Per; Petrov, Dimitri; Ferstl, Roman; von Eynatten, Maximilian; Wendt, Thoralf; Rudofsky, Gottfried; Joswig, Martina; Morcos, Michael; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003)

A memory-systems approach to the classification of personality tests: Comment on Meyer and Kurtz (2006) - Schultheiss, Oliver (Journal of personality assessment, 2007)

A meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD - Karl, Anke; Schaefer, Andreas; Malta, Loretta S.; Dörfel, Denise; Rohleder, Nicolas; Werner, Annett (Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2006)

A meta-analysis on the effects of incarceration-based opioid substitution treatment - Boksán, Klara; Dechant, Michael; Weiss, Maren; Hellwig, Almut; Stemmler, Mark (Medicine Science and the Law, 2022)
Opioid substitution treatment (OST) is a common treatment for individuals who use opioids; however, empirical evidence on the effects of OST during incarceration is scarce. Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of incarceration-based OST on substance use, treatment engagement post-release and re-incarceration. Method: We searched for studies on individuals who were incarcerated and treated with OST, compared to a comparison group. Studies were only included if they reported data post-release. Results: N = 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found less opioid use, less other drug use, higher treatment engagement post-release and less re-incarceration among treated individuals compared to the comparison group. Moderator analyses showed some influence of length of follow-up period and study quality. Conclusions: Incarceration-based OST reduces drug use, re-incarceration and leads to higher treatment engagement after release. More research is needed on the effects of incarceration-based OST n secondary outcomes (e.g. health and social integration) and on factors that moderate these effects.<br
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-08-19
Keywords: incarcerated populations; meta-analysis; opioid substitution treatment; Opioid use disorder; treatment of incarcerated individuals

A mobile application for panic disorder and agoraphobia: Insights from a multi-methods feasibility study - Ebenfeld, Lara; Kleine Stegemann, Stefan; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David; Funk, Burkhardt; Riper, Heleen; Berking, Matthias (Internet Interventions, 2020)
Background: Panic disorder with and without agoraphobia (PD) is a common psychological disorder. Internet-based interventions have the potential to offer highly scalable low-threshold evidence-based care to people suffering from PD. GET.ON Panic is a newly developed internet-based intervention addressing symptoms of PD. In order to transfer the training into the daily life of the individuals, we integrated mobile components in the training and created a so-called hybrid online training. The development and beta-testing of such a training requires a novel interdisciplinary approach between IT specialists and psychologists. From this point of view, we would like to share our experiences in this exploratory paper. Methods: This initial feasibility study (N = 10) offers, on the one hand, a brief overview of the interdisciplinary development phase of the mobile application and on the other hand, provides first insights into the usage, usability and acceptance of this mobile application using qualitative interview data as well quantitative measures of 8 completing participants. For these reasons, we used a pre-posttest design without a control group. Furthermore, we present initial clinical outcomes of the intervention on e.g. panic symptom severity, depressive symptoms as well additional anxiety measures. Finally, we end with implications for further research in the relatively new field of mobile mental health. Results: Overall, usability, user satisfaction, motivational value and technology acceptance of the app were perceived as high. The usage of app components was diverse: The use of interoceptive exposure exercises and daily summaries on anxiety and mood was highest while using in-vivo exposure exercises and monitoring panic symptoms was perceived as difficult. Furthermore, participants showed after the training less clinical symptoms as at baseline-assessment. Discussion: The current feasibility study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the potential of mobile technology in e-mental health. Overall, the GET.ON Panic app appears to be an acceptable and motivational part of a CBT-based hybrid online training for PD that has the potential to promote training success. After some suggested adjustments have been made, the efficacy should be investigated in a randomized controlled trial.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-17
Keywords: Agoraphobia; Cognitive behavior therapy; Feasibility study; M-mental health; Panic disorder; Thematic analyses

A model of air traffic controllers' conflict detection and conflict resolution - Niessen, Cornelia; Eyferth, K.; Spaeth, O. (Aerospace Science and Technology, 2003)
A model of the mental activities of en route controllers in air traffic control (ATC) is outlined. As an example of the psychological research rendering the basis for this model, the methods and results of an experiment with experienced controllers is sketched which is concerned with conflict detection in ATC. Further, a procedure for conflict resolution is described, supplementing the general model. This procedure is designed to be transformed into a computer based assisting system in ATC. Problems and functions of operator models in the development of new technologies in air traffic management are discussed. © 2003 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
Keywords: ATC; Conflict resolution; En route control; Operator models; Scenarios; Simulation

A model of the air traffic controller's picture - Niessen, Cornelia; Eyferth, K. (Safety Science, 2001)
This paper reviews the development of a model of the air traffic controller's mental image, 'picture', or situation awareness, used for controlling air traffic. The computerised model's development, origins and theoretical basis are outlined, and the model is described in some detail in the context of current air traffic operations. The model can be utilised to explore the potential impacts of future automation on the cognitive performance of the air traffic controller. The general potential contributions of the area of cognitive modelling to system design and training in accelerating industries such as air traffic control, are also discussed. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Keywords: Air traffic control; Cognitive modelling; Dynamic changes; Picture; Situation awareness

Analysekategorien zur Bewertung von Lernumwelten: Soziotope und Bildungskapital - Ziegler, Albert (Hochbegabung, Exzellenz, Werte : Positionen in der schulischen Begabtenförderung, 2011)

Analysis of Categorical Data with the R Package confreq - Heine, Jörg-Henrik; Stemmler, Mark (Psych, 2021)

An app-based blended intervention to reduce body dissatisfaction: A randomized controlled pilot study - Kollei, Ines; Lukas, Christian; Loeber, Sabine; Berking, Matthias (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2017)
Keywords: Gamification; Body dissatisfaction; Eating disorders; Approach and avoidance; App-based intervention

An Empirical validation of the Actiotope Model of Giftedness - Harder, Bettina (Talent development and excellence, 2012)

An evaluation framework for the comparison of fine-grained predictive models in health care - van Breda, Ward R.J.; Hoogendoorn, Mark; Eiben, A. E.; Berking, Matthias (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2015)
Within the domain of health care, more andmore fine-grained models are observed that predict the development of specific health (or disease-related) states over time. This is due to the increased use of sensors, allowing for continuous assessment, leading to a sharp increase of data. These specific models are oftenmuch more complex than high-level predictivemodels that e. g. give a general risk score for a disease, making the evaluation of thesemodels far from trivial. In this paper, we present an evaluation framework which is able to score fine-grained temporal models that aim at predicting multiple health states, considering their capability to describe data, their capability to predict, the quality of the models parameters, and the model complexity.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up

An evaluation framework for the comparison of fine-grained predictive models in health care - van Breda, Ward R. J.; Hoogendoorn, Mark; Eiben, A. E.; Berking, Matthias (Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2015)

An Evaluation of Speech-Based Recognition of Emotional and Physiological Markers of Stress - Baird, Alice; Triantafyllopoulos, Andreas; Zänkert, Sandra; Ottl, Sandra; Christ, Lukas; Stappen, Lukas; Konzok, Julian; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Messner, Eva-Maria; Kudielka, Brigitte; Rohleder, Nicolas; Baumeister, Harald; et al. (Frontiers of Computer Science, 2021)
Keywords: affective computing; stress; computer audition; Paralinguistics; multimodal

An Internet-Based Guided Self-Help for Vaginismus. Results of a Randomised Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial - Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Fackiner, Christina; Rosenau, Christian; Ebert, David (European Health Psychologist, 2016)

An Internet based intervention for improving resilience and coping strategies in university students: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Herrero, Rocio; Mira, Adriana; Cormo, Giulia; Etchemendy, Ernestina; Banos, Rosa; Garcia-Palacios, Azucena; Ebert, David; Franke, Marvin; Berger, Thomas; Schaub, Michael P.; Goerlich, Dennis; Jacobi, Corinna; et al. (Internet Interventions, 2019)
Background: The literature shows a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in young people. The university represents a change in the lives of students, and is considered a stress factor. Therefore, it is particularly relevant to develop interventions specifically addressed to students and foster supportive environments and resilient communities. As students are "digital natives", online interventions offer several potential advantages in doing this. This study aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based intervention (CORE: Cultivating our Resilience), based on the Ryff model of well-being, to promote resilience and coping skills, decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety, and increase overall wellbeing in young people confronting a crucial life event (the university). This paper summarizes the study protocol.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-15

An introduction to the special issue: A review of european and american perspectives and research on talent development - Subotnik, Rena F.; Stoeger, Heidrun; Assouline, Susan G.; Olszewski-Kubilius, Paula; Ziegler, Albert (Special Issue:The Future of Research in Talent Development: Promising Trends, Evidence, and Implications of Innovative Scholarship for Policy and Practice, 2019)
After a century during which the psychology of high ability focused largely on innate cognitive abilities, the twenty-first century ushered in a transfor-mative period in which views of talent broadened to include recognition that talent development is a much more complex process that begins with uncovering potential but does not stop there. Current approaches consider the whole process of talent development and include both individual and environmental aspects as well as their systemic interplay. Therefore, we can now document contributions of environmental, personal, psychosocial, educational, and chance factors to the cumulative conversion of potential abilities into high level performance or creativity. The eight contributions to this special issue flesh out various factors in the complex equation of talent development as it applies to different populations, contexts, and domains. One article addresses individual differences in abilities and how they can be measured and recognized. Another two focus on the peer group and how peers can influence creativity and acceptance. Three articles address factors of education and opportunity and how they affect the positive development of talent. One article identifies and categorizes the psychosocial skills needed for transforming potential into creative, productive achievement. A final paper addresses the place of talent development in the general developmental psychology literature.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-11-29

A Nonagonal Framework of Regulation in Talent Development (NFRTD) - Ziegler, Albert; Stoeger, Heidrun (High ability studies, 2019)
Regulatory processes are pervasive on many levels in talent development, yet neither a systematic analysis of their role in talent development let alone a comprehensive model have been presented to date. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the diversity and complexity of regulatory processes in talent development and to provide a conceptual framework. The proposed nonagonal framework of regulation in talent development (NFRTD) distinguishes nine dimensions for the analysis of regulation in talent development: regulatory network (neutral, co-operative, competitive, hybrid, and panarchic), regulatory function (homeostasis and homeorhesis), control type (external, internal-automatic, and internal-controlled), regulatory type (open-loop control and closed-loop control), regulatory form (iterative and recursive), regulatory activities (preventive, detective, and corrective), regulated structures (exogenous and endogenous learning resources), regulatory side-effects (neutral, synergetic, destructive, catalytic, exploitative, and allostatic), and regulatory externalities (neutral, iatrogenic, and autocatalytic). The last section discusses the status of the nonagonal framework and hints at some fields of application.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-21
Keywords: actiotope; educational capital; learning capital; Regulation; talent development

A nonparametrical evaluation of ANOVA and MANOVA designs using interaction structure analysis - Stemmler, Mark (Biometrical Journal, 1994)
The interaction structure analysis (ISA) is proposed as a nonparametric procedure for the evaluation of uni- and multivariate analysis of variance models. Main effects and interactions of (independent) treatment variables are replaced by interaction-types where types are defined as those treatment-response combinations which occur significantly more often than expected under a null hypothesis (Ho) of no treatment effects. The application of ISA and the typological interpretation of ISA results are illustrated for an ANOVA design from toxicology and for a MANOVA design from psychopharmacology.
Keywords: Nonparametric testing; ANOVA designs; MANOVA designs; Interaction analysis; Treatment response patterns; Configural frequency analysis; Contingency tables; Fourfold tests

Anonymous online cognitive behavioral therapy for sleep disorders in shift workers—a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial - Retzer, Lukas; Feil, Monika; Reindl, Richard; Richter, Kneginja; Lehmann, Robert; Stemmler, Mark; Graessel, Elmar (Trials, 2021)
Background: Many shift workers suffer from sleep issues, which negatively affect quality of life and performance. Scientifically evaluated, structured programs for prevention and treatment are scarce. We developed an anonymous online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) program. After successful completion of a feasibility study, we now start this prospective, randomized, controlled superiority trial to compare outcomes of two parallel groups, namely an intervention group and a waiting-list control-group. Additionally, we will compare these outcomes to those of a face-to-face CBT-I outpatient sample. Methods: Collaborating companies will offer our anonymous online intervention to their shift-working employees. Company physicians and counseling services will screen those interested for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants will receive access to our online service, where they will complete psychometric assessment and receive random assignment to either the intervention group or the waiting-list control group. Participants and providers will be aware of the group assignment. We aim to allocate at least N = 60 participants to the trial. The intervention consists of psychoeducation, sleep restriction, stimulus control, relaxation techniques, and individual feedback delivered via four e-mail contacts. During the intervention, as well as during the waiting period, participants will fill out weekly sleep diaries. Immediately after completion of the program, the post-intervention assessment takes place. Participants in the control group will be able to participate in the program after all study assessments. To recruit an additional sample, collaborating outpatient sleep clinics will provide six sessions of standard face-to-face CBT-I to an ad hoc sample of shift working patients. We expect both the online and the face-to-face CBT-I interventions to have beneficial effects compared to the control group on the following primary outcomes: self-reported symptoms of depression and insomnia, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The online intervention allows shift workers to follow a CBT-I program independently of their working schedule and location. Forthcoming results might contribute to further improvement of prevention and therapy of sleep issues in shift workers. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS DRKS00017777. Registered on 14 January 2020—retrospectively registered.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-27
Keywords: Circadian rhythm sleep disorder; Cognitive behavioral therapy; E-Health; Insomnia; Intervention studies; Shift work; Study protocol

An Open Source Tool for Creating Model Files for Virtual Volume Rendering in PDF Documents - Brandner, Julian; Newe, Axel; Aichinger, Wolfgang; Becker, Linda (Informatik aktuell, 2018)
Volume rendering is an important technique for medical imaging where many modalities produce three-dimensional (3D) images. An appropriate three-dimensional rendering leads to a better perception of the image content. A major problem is exchangeability: Usually, only two-dimensional, static snapshots of a volume-rendered scene can be distributed electronically. The Portable Document Format (PDF) provides the possibility to embed 3D objects. With suitable reading software, these objects can be displayed interactively. This article presents an open-source implementation of a software tool that is based on the MeVisLab imaging framework and that can convert volume images into model files which can be embedded into PDF files to create a virtual volume rendering.
Keywords: 3D PDF; virtual volume rendering; medical imaging; visualization

An Overview of the Feasibility of Permanent, Real-Time, Unobtrusive Stress Measurement with Current Wearables - Gradl, Stefan; Wirth, Markus; Richer, Robert; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Björn (EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (PervasiveHealth '19), 2019)
Negative consequences of stress are a pervasive problem in our modern society. Recent developments in wearable lifestyle hardware have led to unobtrusive, sensor-packed, always-on devices that might finally be able to continuously monitor biosignals to detect, determine or even prevent stress or some of its negative outcomes. In this work, we give a concise overview of a majority of biosignals that are in some way relevant for stress classification and outline state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for this task. Additionally, we provide a list of all recent wearables including an evaluation of their feasibility to implement such algorithms as well as directions to look for an assessment of the accuracy and validity of their recorded data with respect to stress tracking.<br
Keywords: Stress; Wearables; Algorithms; Review; Overview

An rTMS study into self-face recognition using video-morphing technique - Heinisch, Christine; Dinse, Hubert; Tegenthoff, Martin; Juckel, Georg; Brüne, Martin (Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2011)

Ansätze der Berufslaufbahnforschung in dynamischen Arbeitsumwelten. - Volmer, Judith; Spurk, Daniel; Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Handbuch Berufsforschung, 2013)
Es wird informiert über die Forschung zur beruflichen Laufbahnentwicklung. Nach einleitenden terminologischen Klärungen wird auf Modelle der beruflichen Laufbahnentwicklung und auf den Stellenwert der Selbstregulation im Kontext der beruflichen Entwicklung eingegangen. Es wird betont, dass J. L. Hollands Theorie zur Berufswahl und das dazu gehörende (eher statische) Hexagonmodell der Interessen (trotz sich dynamisch entwickelnder Arbeitsumwelten) eine gute Möglichkeit zur ersten beruflichen Orientierung oder aber zu einer späteren Neuorientierung während des Berufsverlaufs bieten. Insgesamt aber entsprechen statische und an einem starren Muster orientierte entwicklungsbezogene Theorien nicht mehr den heutigen Rahmenbedingungen des Arbeitslebens. Erwerbstätige Personen und Laufbahnberater sind mit dynamischen Arbeitsumwelten konfrontiert, die Selbststeuerungskompetenzen und "employability" als zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren verlangen. Neben der klaren, effizienten Zielimplementierung und -verfolgung sind dabei flexibles und adaptives Reagieren auf Veränderungen im Berufsleben sowie Eigeninitiative bei der Initiierung entsprechender Veränderungen wichtig. Eine Aufgabe zukünftiger Forschung wird darin gesehen, unterschiedliche Laufbahnentwicklungskonzepte auf ihre Gültigkeit in unterschiedlichen beruflichen Kontexten hin zu überprüfen.
Keywords: Berufliche Entwicklung; Selbstregulation; Arbeitstauglichkeit; Berufswahl; Berufliche Interessen; Entwicklung im Erwachsenenalter; Berufe; Ziele; Modelle

Antisocial behavior and crime: contributions of developmental and evaluation research to prevention and intervention - Bliesener, Thomas; Beelmann, Andreas; Stemmler, Mark (Hogrefe, 2012)

Antisocial Behaviour and Violent Delinquency Among Boys with a Migration Background: A German Panel Study - Uysal, Burcu; Stemmler, Mark; Weiss, Maren (International Journal of Developmental Science, 2020)

Antisoziales Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Psycho: Zeitschrift für Praxis und Klinik der Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychotherapie, 1998)

Anwendung der Theorie dimensionaler Vergleiche auf die fundamentalen Dimensionen der sozialen Wahrnehmung, agency udn communion. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea (Selbstbezogene Kognitionen, sprachliche Kompetenzen und Professionalisierung von Lehrkräften., 2017)

App-based maintenance treatment for alcohol use disorder after acute inpatient treatment: Study protocol for a multicentre randomized controlled trial - Saur, Sebastian; Weisel, Kiona; Lang, Catharina; Fuhrmann, Lukas; Steins-Loeber, Sabine; Enewoldsen, Niklas; Reichl, Daniela; Zink, Mathias; Jakobi, Fabian; Rudolph, Melanie; Ahnert, Andreas; Braunwarth, Wolf Dietrich; et al. (Internet Interventions, 2022)
Background: Alcohol use disorder, a prevalent and disabling mental health problem, is often characterized by a chronic disease course. While effective inpatient and aftercare treatment options exist, the transferal of treatment success into everyday life is challenging and many patients remain without further assistance. App-based interventions with human guidance have great potential to support individuals after inpatient treatment, yet evidence on their efficacy remains scarce. Objectives: To develop an app-based intervention with human guidance and evaluate its usability, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. Methods: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (DSM-5), aged 18 or higher, without history of schizophrenia, undergoing inpatient alcohol use disorder treatment (N = 356) were recruited in eight medical centres in Bavaria, Germany, between December 2019 and August 2021. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either receive access to treatment as usual plus an app-based intervention with human guidance (intervention group) or access to treatment as usual plus app-based intervention after the active study phase (waitlist control/TAU group). Telephone-based assessments are conducted by diagnostic interviewers three and six weeks as well as three and six months after randomization. The primary outcome is the relapse risk during the six months after randomization assessed via the Timeline Follow-Back Interview. Secondary outcomes include intervention usage, uptake of aftercare treatments, AUD-related psychopathology, general psychopathology, and quality of life. Discussion: This study will provide further insights into the use of app-based interventions with human guidance as maintenance treatment in individuals with AUD. If shown to be efficacious, the intervention may improve AUD treatment by assisting individuals in maintaining inpatient treatment success after returning into their home setting. Due to the ubiquitous use of smartphones, the intervention has the potential to become part of routine AUD care in Germany and countries with similar healthcare systems.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-11
Keywords: Alcohol use disorder; App-based intervention; Germany; Human guidance; Maintenance treatment; RCT

App-Intervention mit Telefon-Coaching als Nachsorge nach stationärem Aufenthalt für Alkoholkonsumstörung: Ergebnisse einer randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie - Lange, Florian; Saur, Sebastian; Weisel, Kiona; Fuhrmann, Lukas; Steins-Loeber, Sabine; Enewoldsen, Niklas; Reichl, Daniela; Berking, Matthias (Suchttherapie, 2022)
Alkoholkonsumstörungen stellen ein hochprävalentes Erkrankungsbild dar, das mit einem hohen Rückfallrisiko und bei Betroffenen mit einem hohen Leidensdruck, einer reduzierten Lebensqualität sowie einem erhöhten Risiko für psychische und physische Komorbiditäten einhergeht. Um einen chronischen Verlauf und Rückfälle nach einer stationären Behandlung zu verhindern, wurde eine Vielzahl an Nachsorgeangeboten, zum Beispiel Suchtberatungsstellen und Entwöhnungstherapien, etabliert. Dennoch nimmt eine Vielzahl der Patient*innen nach dem stationären Entzug keine derartigen Angebote in Anspruch. App-basierte, durch Coaches begleitete Interventionen bieten aufgrund von Niedrigschwelligkeit und zeitlicher wie örtlicher Flexibilität ein großes Potential bei der Unterstützung von Patient*innen nach einem stationären Entzug. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit einer solchen Intervention im Hinblick auf die Reduktion des Rückfallrisikos und die nachhaltige Aufnahme von Nachsorgeangeboten.<br

Application and Evaluation of Interactive 3D PDF for Presenting and Sharing Planning Results for Liver Surgery in Clinical Routine - Newe, Axel; Becker, Linda; Schenk, Andrea (PLoS ONE, 2014)
Background & Objectives: The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the de-facto standard for the exchange of electronic documents. It is platform-independent, suitable for the exchange of medical data, and allows for the embedding of three dimensional (3D) surface mesh models. In this article, we present the first clinical routine application of interactive 3D surface mesh models which have been integrated into PDF files for the presentation and the exchange of Computer Assisted Surgery Planning (CASP) results in liver surgery. We aimed to prove the feasibility of applying 3D PDF in medical reporting and investigated the user experience with this new technology. Methods: We developed an interactive 3D PDF report document format and implemented a software tool to create these reports automatically. After more than 1000 liver CASP cases that have been reported in clinical routine using our 3D PDF report, an international user survey was carried out online to evaluate the user experience. Results: Our solution enables the user to interactively explore the anatomical configuration and to have different analyses and various resection proposals displayed within a 3D PDF document covering only a single page that acts more like a software application than like a typical PDF file (‘‘PDF App’’). The new 3D PDF report offers many advantages over the previous solutions. According to the results of the online survey, the users have assessed the pragmatic quality (functionality, usability, perspicuity, efficiency) as well as the hedonic quality (attractiveness, novelty) very positively. Conclusion: The usage of 3D PDF for reporting and sharing CASP results is feasible and well accepted by the target audience. Using interactive PDF with embedded 3D models is an enabler for presenting and exchanging complex medical information in an easy and platform-independent way. Medical staff as well as patients can benefit from the possibilities provided by 3D PDF. Our results open the door for a wider use of this new technology, since the basic idea can and should be applied for many medical disciplines and use cases.

Applied Practice and Possible Leverage Points for Information Technology Support for Patient Screening in Clinical Trials: Qualitative Study - Becker, Linda; Ganslandt, Thomas; Prokosch, Hans-Ulrich; Newe, Axel (JMIR Medical Informatics, 2020)
Background: Clinical trials are one of the most challenging and meaningful designs in medical research. One essential step before starting a clinical trial is screening, that is, to identify patients who fulfill the inclusion criteria and do not fulfill the exclusion criteria. The screening step for clinical trials might be supported by modern information technology (IT). Objective: This explorative study aimed (1) to obtain insights into which tools for feasibility estimations and patient screening are actually used in clinical routine and (2) to determine which method and type of IT support could benefit clinical staff. Methods: Semistandardized interviews were conducted in 5 wards (cardiology, gynecology, gastroenterology, nephrology, and palliative care) in a German university hospital. Of the 5 interviewees, 4 were directly involved in patient screening. Three of them were clinicians, 1 was a study nurse, and 1 was a research assistant. Results: The existing state of study feasibility estimation and the screening procedure were dominated by human communication and estimations from memory, although there were many possibilities for IT support. Success mostly depended on the experience and personal motivation of the clinical staff. Electronic support has been used but with little importance so far. Searches in ward-specific patient registers (databases) and searches in clinical information systems were reported. Furthermore, free-text searches in medical reports were mentioned. For potential future applications, a preference for either proactive or passive systems was not expressed. Most of the interviewees saw the potential for the improvement of the actual systems, but they were also largely satisfied with the outcomes of the current approach. Most of the interviewees were interested in learning more about the various ways in which IT could support and relieve them in their clinical routine. Conclusions: Overall, IT support currently plays a minor role in the screening step for clinical trials. The lack of IT usage and the estimations made from memory reported by all the participants might constrain cognitive resources, which might distract from clinical routine. We conclude that electronic support for the screening step for clinical trials is still a challenge and that education of the staff about the possibilities for electronic support in clinical trials is necessary.<br
Keywords: clinical trial; patient screening; electronic support; clinical information systems; inclusion criteria; exclusion criteria; feasibility studies; mobile phone

Applying Dimensional Comparison Theory to the Fundamental Dimensions of Social Judgement - Agency and Communion. - Helm, F.; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Müller-Kalthoff, H.; Möller, Jens (Learning and Individual Differences, 2017)
The present research tests predictions of Dimensional Comparison Theory (DCT) with respect to the fundamental dimensions of social judgment, agency (A) and communion (C). A and C represent fundamental challenges every person is confronted with: getting ahead and getting along. It is examined if dimensional comparisons take place in self-evaluations of A and C. Dimensional comparisons are carried out between one's own characteristics in two domains and influence on domain-specific self-concepts, in the way that positive feedback in one domain negatively affects self-concept in the other domain. Study 1 (N = 493 students) regressed in a path-analytic design students' self-ascriptions of A and C on peer- and teacher-evaluations of students' A and C. Study 2a (N = 92 university students) and 2b (N = 91 university students) experimentally studied the effect of feedback on A and C on self-evaluation in the non-corresponding domain. Findings from both studies speak for the existence of contrastive dimensional comparisons between the two domains.

Appreciation and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of need satisfaction - Kranabetter, Caroline; Niessen, Cornelia (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2019)
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Appreciation and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of need satisfaction - Kranabetter, Caroline; Niessen, Cornelia (Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2019)
Research has shown that managers who recognize and acknowledge positive employee behaviors and achievements at work foster their health and well-being. In the present 3-wave study, we investigated appreciation from managers in the context of the progression of employees' depressive symptoms across 1 year. Building on self-determination theory, we examined employees' need satisfaction for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as moderating factors, and the mediating role of maladaptive coping (i.e., ruminative thoughts) in this relationship. Findings from 194 employees working in the energy branch of an international company revealed that high appreciation from one's manager was related to less depressive symptoms only for those individuals whose basic need for relatedness was more satisfied at work. We did not find moderator effects with respect to satisfaction of need for autonomy and competence. Further, moderated mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects for depressive symptoms for lower levels of need satisfaction of relatedness: Appreciation in the context of unsatisfying relationships at work made employees more likely to ruminate about negative events, which was related to more depressive symptoms in the long run. However, ruminative thoughts did not mediate the significant negative relationship between appreciation and depressive symptoms when needs for relatedness were satisfied. The study adds to the discussion that the potential positive impact of appreciation depends on how satisfying social relationships at work are experienced.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-10
Keywords: Appreciation; Depressive symptoms; Need satisfaction; Ruminative thoughts

Approach and avoidant coping: Implications for adolescent mental health - Herman-Stahl, Mindy A.; Stemmler, Mark; Petersen, Anne C. (Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1995)
Conducted a short-term longitudinal study examining the structure of coping behavior and the relationship between coping style and depression during adolescence. 603 adolescents in Grades 6–11 were surveyed in the fall of 1989 and again in the fall of 1990. A 2-dimensional model of coping was found using confirmatory factor analysis, with the factors being approach coping and avoidant coping. Approach copers reported the fewest symptoms of depression, while avoidant copers reported the most. Girls used more approach coping than did boys in all grades. Ss who changed over time from approach to avoidant coping evidenced a significant increase in depressive symptoms, whereas Ss who switched from avoidant to approach coping displayed a significant decrease in depression over 1 yr.
Keywords: Coping Behavior; Major Depression; Longitudinal Studies

A psychological model of air traffic control and its implementation - Niessen, Cornelia; Leuchter, S.; Eyferth, K. (Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Cognitive Modelling, 1998)

A psychonic approach to the design of a cognitive companion supporting intentional forgetting - Siebers, Michael; Schmid, Ute; Göbel, Kyra; Niessen, Cornelia (2017)

A question of time: Daily time allocation between work and private life - Niessen, Cornelia; Unger, Dana; Kuonath (née Neff), Angela; Sonnentag, Sabine (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2013)
Keywords: time allocation; diary study; self-regulation; relationship quality; relationship hassles; working time; social support; intimacy This diary study investigates time allocation between work and private life of dual-earner couples. Addressing the association between positive and negative experiences in romantic relationships and time spent on work, we test propositions derived from a general control-theoretical approach. We also study the consequences of time allocation to work and private life for relationship-oriented needs and goals (i.e., intimacy and social support). A total of 152 persons (i.e., 76 couples), mainly working in academia, took part in our study. Using multilevel path analysis, we found support for the general control-theoretical approach. Relationship quality was positively and relationship hassles were negatively associated with time spent on work. We found evidence for a trade-off between time spent on work and relationship time. Relationship time in turn was positively associated with intimacy and social support. In our discussion, we stress the importance of time control in organizations in order to support employees in their daily trade-off between time spent on work and on the relationship. Practitioner points We examine daily time spent to work, a variable that is highly important for goal-pursuit at work and in the private life. We shed light on resource allocation between work and private life as a self-regulatory strategy helpful for the simultaneous pursuit of concerns in both life domains. The outcomes intimacy and social support have relevance for performance and dealing with stress in the work domain. Valuing and engaging in face time at work is challenged.
Keywords: time allocation; diary study; self-regulation; relationship quality; relationship hassles; working time; social support; intimacy

Arbeitsleistung im Kontext von Laufbahnentwicklung - Niessen, Cornelia; Hommelhoff, Sabine; Mäder, Inge (Handbuch Laufbahnmanagement und Karriereplanung, 2018)

Arbeitsplatzgestaltung - Eibl, Bettina (Zündstoff Motivation: Motivierungsmethoden für Mitarbeiter, Führungskräfte und Organisationen, 2009)

Are gifted students more emotionally intelligent than their non-gifted peers? A meta-analysis - Abdulla Alabbasi, Ahmed M.; Alaa, Alaa Eldin; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2020)
This Meta-Analysis investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and giftedness. The study focused on whether gifted learners possessed higher levels of EI when compared with their non-gifted peers. Furthermore, it sought to determine if gifted males and gifted females differed in their EI abilities. A search of published and unpublished studies in English and Arabic from 1990 to 2018 resulted in 21 studies that compared gifted with non-gifted students, and 11 studies that compared gifted males with gifted females in their EI ability. Using a random-effect model, the results showed that gifted students outperformed non-gifted students on EI, g = 0.226, SE =.036, 95% CI [0.155, 0.297], p <.001. Furthermore, gifted females significantly surpassed gifted males in regrades to their emotional intelligence, g = 0.164, SE =.046, 95% CI [0.074, 0.255], p <.001. Multiple regression analyses showed that age, gender, EI measures, and EI skills significantly explained 18% of the variability in the mean effect between gifted vs. non-gifted students; whereas the age and EI skills moderators significantly explained 49% of the variation in the mean effect between gifted male and gifted female students. Implications and future directions were discussed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-23
Keywords: emotional intelligence; gender differences; Gifted; meta-analysis; non-gifted

Are guided internet-based interventions for the indicated prevention of depression in green professions effective in the long run? Longitudinal analysis of the 6- and 12-month follow-up of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (PROD-A) - Braun, Lina; Titzler, Ingrid; Terhorst, Yannik; Freund, Johanna; Thielecke, Janika; Ebert, David; Baumeister, Harald (Internet Interventions, 2021)
Objective: Evidence of long-term stability for positive mental health effects of internet-based interventions (IBIs) for depression prevention is still scarce. We evaluate long-term effectiveness of a depression prevention program in green professions (i.e. agriculture, horticulture, forestry). Methods: This pragmatic RCT (n = 360) compares a tailored IBI program to enhanced treatment as usual (TAU+) in green professions with at least subthreshold depression (PHQ ≥ 5). Intervention group (IG) received one of six IBIs shown previously to efficaciously reduce depressive symptoms. We report 6- and 12-month follow-up measures for depression, mental health and intervention-related outcomes. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol regression analyses were conducted for each measurement point and complemented by latent growth modeling. Results: After 6 months, depression severity (β = −0.30, 95%-CI: −0.52; −0.07), insomnia (β = −0.22, 95%-CI: −0.41; −0.02), pain-associated disability (β = −0.26, 95%-CI: −0.48; −0.04) and quality of life (β = 0.29, 95%-CI: 0.13; 0.45) in IG were superior to TAU+. Onset of possible depression was not reduced. After 12 months, no intervention effects were found. Longitudinal modeling confirmed group effects attenuating over 12 months for most outcomes. After 12 months, 55.56% of IG had completed at least 80% of their IBI. Conclusions: Stability of intervention effects along with intervention adherence was restricted. Measures enhancing long-term effectiveness of IBIs for depression health promotion are indicated in green professions. Trial registration: German Clinical Trial Registration: DRKS00014000. Registered: 09 April 2018.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-10-29
Keywords: 12-Month follow-up; 6-Month follow-up; Depression; eHealth; Prevention; Randomized controlled trial

Are implicit and explicit motive measures statistically independent? A fair and balanced test using the Picture Story Exercise and a cue- and response-matched questionnaire measure - Schultheiss, Oliver; Yankowa, Diana; Dirlikov, Benjamin; Schad, Daniel J. (Journal of personality assessment, 2009)
Previous studies that have examined the relationship between implicit and explicit motive measures have consistently found little variance overlap between both types of measures regardless of thematic content domain (i.e., power, achievement, affiliation). However, this independence may be artifactual because the primary means of measuring implicit motives—content-coding stories people write about picture cues—are incommensurable with the primary means of measuring explicit motives: having individuals fill out self-report scales. To provide a better test of the presumed independence between both types of measures, we measured implicit motives with a Picture Story Exercise (PSE; McClelland, Koestner, & Weinberger, 1989) and explicit motives with a cue- and response-matched questionnaire version of the PSE (PSE–Q) and a traditional measure of explicit motives, the Personality Research Form (PRF; Jackson, 1984) in 190 research participants. Correlations between the PSE and the PSE–Q were small and mostly nonsignificant, whereas the PSE–Q showed significant variance overlap with the PRF within and across thematic domains. We conclude that the independence postulate holds even when more commensurable measures of implicit and explicit motives are used.

Are implicit motives revealed in mere words? Testing the marker-word hypothesis with computer-based text analysis - Schultheiss, Oliver (Frontiers in Psychology, 2013)
Implicit motives represent nonconsciously represented dispositions to seek specific classes of incentives and to avoid corresponding classes of disincentives. Growing evidence suggests that the implicit power motive is associated with basal levels and reactivity of the gonadal steroid hormones testosterone in men and estradiol in women. It is also associated with increased release of stress hormones (cortisol, norepinephrine) in response to dominance challenges and social defeat. The implicit affiliation motive is linked to the release of progesterone: increases in progesterone are followed by increases in affiliation motivation, and arousal of affiliation motivation is associated with concurrent or subsequent progesterone increases. There is limited evidence for a role of vasopressin in achievement motivation. These findings point to a key role of the hypothalamus for implicit motives, a role that is consistent with the existence of function-specific nuclei within this brain area.

Are pupils with differing cognitive abilities able to profit similarly from training to mediate self-regulated learning and homework skills? - Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Gifted education international, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.arepup

Are reframing strategies more effective than empathy in processing trauma reports? A pilot study - Leuteritz, Sophie; Böhme, Stephanie; Mühlberger, Andreas; Greve, Werner (Frontiers in Psychology, 2023)
Listening to trauma reports can lead to the development of symptoms associated with secondary traumatization. This is particularly relevant for psychotherapists in practice, where psychologists need to estabilish effective strategies for processing and coping with such emotionally challenging events. This explorative study investigated adaptive reframing strategies for future therapists listening to trauma stories compared to feeling empathy for the client. In a mixed design, 42 postgraduate psychology students were randomly instructed to objectively distance themselves, reappraise, or feel empathetic while watching a video of a presumed trauma patient reporting a single violent act. An overall ANOVA did not reveal a difference between the reframing groups and the empathy group (between subjects manipulated) in their skin conductance level and heart rate variability during the video, as well as their change in state depression and state anxiety over the three measurements (before the video, after the video, and 2 days later). Nevertheless, an explorative t-test showed a significantly weaker rise in state depression and state anxiety from before the video to after the video in the reframing groups compared to the empathy group. This supports the suggestion that reframing strategies can be discussed as a protective factor against health issues such as secondary traumatization in therapists and should be examined in further studies in more detail.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-07-28
Keywords: anxiety; depression; empathy; objective distancing; positive reappraisal; reframing; secondary trauma

A Revised Mental Energy Hypothesis of the g Factor in Light of Recent Neuroscience - Debatin, Tobias (Review of General Psychology, 2019)
The article proposes a revised mental energy hypothesis for the emergence of the g factor. Charles E. Spearman interpreted the g factor as a kind of domain-general mental energy. Nowadays, it is known that the energy currency of organisms is the chemical energy transporter adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is produced by complex metabolic processes (mainly by glucose oxidation), and most of it in the human brain is used for neural signaling. There are substantial individual differences in the metabolic properties of the brain, which lead to different levels of energy production. It is thereby proposed to place more emphasis on individual differences of metabolic functions in intelligence research. Neuroscientific findings suggest that increased brain metabolism and, therefore, higher energy-production levels facilitate better performance on different cognitive tasks. These findings are not in conflict with the refined neural efficiency hypothesis. In addition, building on Dennis Garlick’s proposal that neural plasticity is the core process underlying the development of the g factor, it is illustrated why ATP is crucial for neural plasticity. Taken together, the direct effects of level of energy production on cognitive performance and the relations with neural plasticity suggest an important role in the emergence of the g factor.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02
Keywords: energy metabolism; g factor; intelligence; neuroimaging

Are we less social in noisy environments? No effect of noise on implicit Theory of Mind performance - Kulke, Louisa; Rakoczy, Hannes (2020)
Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute beliefs and desires to others, has been a recent focus of replication research. While some researchers found an implicit form of ToM, which could be measured with different tasks, including anticipatory looking measures, other researchers could not replicate these finding. The testing conditions may play a role for the success of replications. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of a noisy testing environment on results in an anticipatory looking false belief task. The original findings could only be partially replicated, leaving room for alternative explanations. Environmental noise did not significantly affect gaze patterns. Therefore, previous failed replications are unlikely to be related to different levels in environmental nois

Are Women Brave or Braver Than Men? Judgments of Implicit and Explicit Intergroup Comparisons - Lux, Alexandra; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Hoorens, Vera (Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 2023)
People learn about social groups by reading and hearing verbal statements. We investigated if the perceived truth and acceptability of such statements depend on whether they are implicitly vs. explicitly comparative (e.g., “Women are brave” vs. “Women are braver than men”). Participants (Study 1: Ns = 259; Study 2: N = 246) rated the truth, acceptability, familiarity, and positivity of implicitly vs. explicitly comparative, stereotypical vs. counter-stereotypical statements about positive vs. negative features. Consistent with an Etiquette Hypothesis, implicitly (vs. explicitly) comparative statements about positive features were judged as truer and more acceptable, presumably because they adhered better to a positivity norm. Consistent with a Fluency Hypothesis, stereotypical explicitly (vs. implicitly) comparative statements about age groups were judged as truer, presumably because of higher ease-of-processing. Thus, mechanisms affecting judgments vary somewhat with the groups compared. We discuss the role of metacognitive and normative processes in stereotype maintenance and stereotype change.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-11-17
Keywords: comparative communication; fluency; norms; positivity; social acceptability; truth

Are you in or out? Recruitment of adolescent smokers into a behavioral smoking cessation intervention - Thrul, Johannes Erich; Stemmler, Mark; Goecke, Michaela; Bühler, Anneke (Addictive Behaviors, 2015)
INTRODUCTION: Even though many adolescent smokers want to quit, it is difficult to recruit them into smoking cessation interventions. Little is known about which adolescent smokers are currently reached by these measures. In this study we compare participants of a group-based, cognitive behavioral smoking cessation intervention with adolescent smokers who decided against participating. METHODS: Within a non-randomized controlled trial, data of 1053 smokers (aged 11-19) from 42 German secondary schools were analyzed. Of these smokers, 272 were recruited into 47 courses of the intervention. An in-class information session, individually addressing potential participants, and incentives were used as means of recruitment. Personal predictors of participation were analyzed using regression analyses and multivariate path analyses to test for mediation. RESULTS: In the path analysis model, nicotine dependence, quit motivation, and a previous quit attempt were directly positively related to participation. Heavier smoking behavior was indirectly positively associated with participation through nicotine dependence and negatively through quit motivation, yielding an overall positive indirect effect. The positive effect of a previous quit attempt on participation was partially mediated through nicotine dependence and quit motivation. The proportion of smoking friends were indirectly positively related to participation, mediated through nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Since adolescents with heavier smoking behavior and stronger nicotine dependence are less likely to undertake a successful unassisted quit attempt, the reach of these young smokers with professional cessation interventions is desirable. Further measures to improve the recruitment of those currently not motivated to quit have to be examined in future studies.
Keywords: Behavioral; Cessation; Recruitment; Treatment and intervention; Youth tobacco use

A risk algorithm that predicts alcohol use disorders among college students - Benjet, C.; Mortier, P.; Kiekens, Glenn; Ebert, David; Auerbach, R. P.; Kessler, R. C.; Cuijpers, Pim; Green, J. G.; Nock, M. K.; Demyttenaere, K.; Albor, Y.; Bruffaerts, R. (European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2021)
The first year of college may carry especially high risk for onset of alcohol use disorders. We assessed the one-year incidence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) among incoming first-year students, predictors of AUD-incidence, prediction accuracy and population impact. A prospective cohort study of first-year college students (baseline: N = 5843; response rate = 51.8%; 1-year follow-up: n = 1959; conditional response rate = 41.6%) at a large university in Belgium was conducted. AUD were evaluated with the AUDIT and baseline predictors with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Screening Scales (CIDI-SC). The one-year incidence of AUD was 3.9% (SE = 0.4). The most important individual-level baseline predictors of AUD incidence were being male (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.12-2.10), a break-up with a romantic partner (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.08-2.59), hazardous drinking (OR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.31-8.63), and alcohol use characteristics at baseline (ORs between 1.29 and 1.38). Multivariate cross-validated prediction (cross-validated AUC = 0.887) shows that 55.5% of incident AUD cases occurred among the 10% of students at highest predicted risk (20.1% predicted incidence in this highest-risk subgroup). Four out of five students with incident AUD would hypothetically be preventable if baseline hazardous drinking was to be eliminated along with a reduction of one standard deviation in alcohol use characteristics scores, and another 15.0% would potentially be preventable if all 12-month stressful events were eliminated. Screening at college entrance is a promising strategy to identify students at risk of transitioning to more problematic drinking and AUD, thus improving the development and deployment of targeted preventive interventions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-03-26

A smartphone application to reduce problematic drinking: a feasibility trial - Lukas, Christian; Blechert, Jens; Berking, Matthias (Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2024)
Background: Problematic drinking is common among college students and associated with various somatic and mental health problems. Given significant evidence for the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions and the frequent use of smartphones among college students, it can be assumed that such interventions have great potential to facilitate access to evidence-based interventions for students suffering from problematic drinking. Thus, we developed a brief intervention that combined a counseling session with an app that utilizes approach-avoidance modification training to reduce alcohol consumption. Methods: To test the feasibility and explore the potential efficacy of the intervention, we conducted a before-after single-arm study with N = 11 participants reportedly engaging in problematic drinking, who were instructed to practice with the app for 14 days. Feasibility was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS). Outcomes included the reduction of self-reported problematic drinking behavior, dysfunctional attitudes about alcohol, and craving, as well as implicit associations between alcohol and self during the training period. Additionally, self-reported problematic drinking behavior was assessed at a 4-week follow-up. Results: On average, participants rated app usability on the SUS (possible range: 0 to 100) with M = 84.32 (SD = 6.53). With regard to efficacy, participants reported a significant reduction of problematic drinking behavior (dpre vs. post = 0.91) which was sustained at follow-up (dfollow-up vs. baseline = 1.07). Additionally, participants reported a significant reduction of dysfunctional attitudes about alcohol (dpre vs. post = 1.48). Results revealed no significant changes in craving nor in implicit associations regarding alcohol. Conclusions: Findings from this feasibility study provide preliminary evidence that smartphone-based interventions might help reduce problematic drinking in college students. Further research needs to replicate these findings with larger samples in randomized controlled trials. Trial registration: DRKS00014675 (retrospectively registered).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-03-01
Keywords: Alcohol; Brief intervention; Mobile health; Problematic drinking; Smartphone-based intervention

A snapshot of the inner workings of the inflammatory machinery in PTSD with early trauma - Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2012)

A social psychological perspective on trust in and distrust of politicians - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (doctoral workshop of the Social Psychology Section, 2016)

Assertive, but Less Competent and Trustworthy? Perception of Police Officers with Tattoos and Piercings - Hauke-Forman, Nicole; Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 2021)
There is an ongoing debate whether police officers should be allowed to wear tattoos or piercings on visible parts of the body or not. One argument often brought forward against it is that such body modifications would cue negative evaluations of officers by citizens that would impede officers’ fulfillment of their duties. Yet, empirical evidence for this claim is missing. The present research aims to close this gap by examining how citizens perceive police officers with tattoos and piercings. In an experiment, participants saw edited photographs of police officers with and without tattoos (study 1) or piercings (study 2). They rated each officer regarding communion, agency, likability, respect, and threat. We found that, as expected, police officers with tattoos and piercings were perceived as less trustworthy and less competent, were liked somewhat less, and triggered higher perceptions of threat. In addition, police officers with tattoos (but not with piercings) were perceived as less friendly and more assertive. Regarding respect, we found no differences between officers with and without body modifications. While our empirical results cannot answer the societal and political question whether police officers should be allowed to wear tattoos and piercings or not, experimental psychological research can contribute to the respective discussions by providing an empirical basis. Our findings further have important theoretical implications, as the opposing effects on competence and assertiveness underline the importance of distinguishing between these two facets of agency in research on social perception and judgment.
Keywords: Social perception; Police officers; Tattoos; Piercings; Agency and communion; Threat

Assessing behavioral changes in antidementia therapy: Perspectives of an international ADL-Project - Erzigkeit, Helmut; Overall, John E.; Stemmler, Mark; Steinwachs, Klaus; Lehfeld, Hartmut; Hulla, Franz (Aging, Health, and Healing, 1995)

Assessing HapHop-Physio: An Exer-Learning Game to Support Therapies for Children with Specific Learning Disorders - Rico-Olarte, Carolina; Narváez-Muñoz, Nathalia; López, Diego M.; Becker, Linda; Tovar-Ruiz, Luz Á (Applied Sciences, 2022)
The HapHop-Physio exer-learning game is a cognitive rehabilitation solution for children with learning disorders to train memory and attention functions. Therefore, HapHop-Physio must be assessed as an appropriate tool developed to support the enhancement of essential cognitive skills. In this paper, we aim to establish the validity of HapHop-Physio in a healthcare setting with children receiving training with this tool. HapHop-Physio was developed through interaction between clinical experts, one graphic designer, and game developers. Following an assessment framework for serious games in healthcare, the game’s rationale, functionality, validity, and data safety are described. Particularly, the validity was assessed with experts through a case study conducted in three phases with 12 children diagnosed with Specific Learning Disorders. The baseline of the cognitive profile of the children was obtained and trained with HapHop-Physio. General trends and findings were obtained through an exploratory analysis of the gathered results from the phases. The validity aspects were achieved through continuous feedback from the experts, allowing to improve the game in five features: game structure, scoring system, avatars, login system, and clinicians’ dashboard. The application of the assessment framework in HapHop-Physio guarantees end users that the game is safe and effective enough to be used for supporting memory and attention training. One relevant finding from the case study was that cognitive performance improved in 11 out of 12 children at the end of the training. The positive outcomes of this assessment indicate the game’s appropriateness for a healthcare setting. However, the improvement in cognitive performance cannot be associated with HapHop-Physio in this case study. Consequently, it needs to be evaluated in a controlled experiment (including a control group) to ensure that it leads to cognitive rehabilitation in reality. <br
Keywords: exer-learning game; assessment framework; eHealth solution; validity; cognitive training

Assessing metacognitive knowledge: development and evaluation of a test instrument - Händel, Marion; Artelt, Cordula; Weinert, Sabine (Journal for Educational Research Online, 2013)

Assessing the convergent validity between the automated emotion recognition software Noldus FaceReader 7 and Facial Action Coding System Scoring - Skiendziel, Tanja; Rösch, Andreas; Schultheiss, Oliver (PLoS ONE, 2019)
This study validates automated emotion and action unit (AU) coding applying FaceReader 7 to a dataset of standardized facial expressions of six basic emotions (Standardized and Motivated Facial Expressions of Emotion). Percentages of correctly and falsely classified expressions are reported. The validity of coding AUs is provided by correlations between the automated analysis and manual Facial Action Coding System (FACS) scoring for 20 AUs. On average 80% of the emotional facial expressions are correctly classified. The overall validity of coding AUs is moderate with the highest validity indicators for AUs 1, 5, 9, 17 and 27. These results are compared to the performance of FaceReader 6 in previous research, with our results yielding comparable validity coefficients. Practical implications and limitations of the automated method are discussed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-10-29

Assessing the costs and cost-effectiveness of ICare internet-based interventions (protocol) - Beecham, Jennifer; Bonin, Eva-Maria; Goerlich, Dennis; Banos, Rosa; Beintner, Ina; Buntrock, Claudia; Bolinski, Felix; Botella, Cristina; Ebert, David; Herrero, Rocio; Potterton, Rachel; Riper, Heleen; et al. (Internet Interventions, 2019)
Background: Mental health problems are common and place a burden on the individual as well as on societal resources. Despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, access to treatment is often prevented or delayed due to insufficient health care resources. Effective internet-based self-help interventions have the potential to reduce the risk for mental health problems, to successfully bridge waiting time for face-to-face treatment and to address inequities in access. However, little is known about the cost-effectiveness of such interventions. This paper describes the study protocol for the economic evaluation of the studies that form the ICare programme of internet-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of a range of mental health problems.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-15

Assessing the Influence of the Inner Clock on the Cortisol Awakening Response and Pre-Awakening Movement - Richer, Robert; Küderle, Arne; Dörr, Jana; Rohleder, Nicolas; Eskofier, Björn (2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2021)
Our inner clock is responsible for creating a circadian rhythm that controls our sleep-wake cycle, and, hence, is also involved in the process of awakening from sleep. Awakening is accompanied by the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The purpose of the CAR is, presumably, to prepare our body for the upcoming challenges of the day. It is assumed that our inner clock is anticipating awakening, and thus, initiates the awakening process while we are still asleep, leading to the common phenomenon of waking up immediately before a known alarm. However, the role of the inner clock on the awakening process was only assessed in sleep laboratories and using invasive, blood-based biomarkers. For that reason, we investigated n = 117 participants by collecting cortisol data from saliva samples and IMU data from a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor node in a home environment over two nights. We compared cortisol data, characterizing the CAR, and IMU features, characterizing pre-awakening movement, between spontaneous awakening, awakening by a known alarm, and by an unknown alarm. We observed significant differences between the three study conditions in both cortisol and IMU data indicating higher cortisol reactivity and less movement if participants woke up by an unknown alarm. Our findings all support the assumption that our inner clock is anticipating our wake-up time. Utilizing our results, this work lays the foundation for the development of automatic classification models aimed at determining the ideal awakening time of individuals based on the analysis of pre-awakening movement.
Keywords: IMU Data; Health Psychology; Cortisol Awakening Response; Sleep; Inner Clock

Assessment of metacognitive knowledge in students with special educational needs - Händel, Marion; Lockl, Kathrin; Heydrich, Jana; Weinert, Sabine; Artelt, Cordula (Metacognition and Learning, 2014)
This study investigated whether and, if so, how metacognitive knowledge can be assessed validly in students with special educational needs in a large-scale assessment like the German National Educational Panel Study. In total, 804 sixth-grade students including both regular school students attending the lowest track of secondary education (Hauptschule) and students with special educational needs in learning participated in the study. A scenario-based test of metacognitive knowledge focusing primarily on different aspects of strategy knowledge was implemented. In order to investigate optimal testing conditions, two conditions that varied in terms of administration mode were compared: autonomous reading as in regular test settings and a read-aloud condition. Reading speed and reasoning abilities were assessed as control variables. As expected, regular school students outperformed students with special educational needs in the metacognitive knowledge test. In addition, higher correlations between metacognitive knowledge and reading speed emerged in the autonomous reading condition compared to the read-aloud condition. Contrary to our expectations, a differential boost due to the testing accommodation of reading aloud was, however, only observed in regular students but not in students with special educational needs. The results are discussed with regard to educational and assessment-relevant approaches.
Keywords: Metacognitive knowledge; Special educational needs; Testing accommodations; Large-scale study

Assessment of parental stress using the "Eltern-Belastungs-Screening zur Kindeswohlgefährdung" (EBSK) - association with emotional and behavioral problems in children - Eichler, Anna; Glaubitz, Katharina; Hartmann, Luisa Carla; Spangler, Gottfried (Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 2014)
Parental stress is increased in clinical contexts (e.g., child psychiatry) and correlates with behavioral and emotional problems of children. In addition, parental stress can result in a biased parental perception of child's behavior and emotions. These interrelations were examined in a normal (N = 320) and a clinical (N = 75) sample. The "Eltern-Belastungs-Screening zur Kindeswohlgefährdung" (EBSK; Deegener, Spangler, Körner & Becker, 2009) was used for the assessment of parental stress. As expected, increased EBSK scores were overrepresented in the clinical sample. In both samples stressed parents reported having children with more behavioral and emotional problems. Children of stressed parents in turn reported significantly less problems than their parents did. The rating of independent third persons, e.g. teachers, was not available and should be added in future research. Restrictions in methodology and conclusions for practice are discussed.
EVALuna2:23886

Assessment of salivary hormones - Schultheiss, Oliver; Stanton, Steven J. (Methods in social neuroscience, 2009)

Assessment of temporal predictive models for health care using a formal method - van Breda, Ward R. J.; Hoogendoorn, Mark; Eiben, A. E.; Berking, Matthias (Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2017)
Recent developments in the field of sensor devices provide new possibilities to measure a variety of health related aspects in a precise and fine-grained manner. Subsequently, more empirical data will be generated than ever before. While this greatly improves the opportunities for creating accurate predictive models, other types of models besides the more traditional machine learning approaches can provide insights into temporal relationships in the data. Models that express temporal relationships between states in a mathematical manner are examples of such models. However, the evaluation methods traditionally used in the field of predictive modeling are not appropriate for those models, making it difficult to distinguish them in terms of validity. Appropriate assessment methodology is therefore necessary to drive the research of mathematical modeling forward. In this paper we investigate the applicability of such a formalized method. The method takes into account important model aspects, namely descriptive and predictive capability, parameter sensitivity and model complexity. As a case study the method is applied to a mathematical model in the domain of mental health, showing that the method generates useful insights into the behavior of the model.<br
Keywords: Depression; Health care; Mathematical modeling; Model evaluation; Multi-objective optimization; Predictive modeling; Regression

Assessor's bias - Lösel, Friedrich; Schmucker, Martin (Encyclopedia of psychological assessment, 2003)

Association between Physical Activity and Health in German Adolescents - Tittlbach, Susanne; Sygusch, Ralf; Brehm, Walter; Woll, Alexander; Lampert, Thomas; Abele, Andrea E.; Bös, Klaus (European journal of sport science, 2011)
The aim of the study was to examine the relationships between physical activity and several health parameters in German adolescents. We predicted that the association between physical activity and physical and psychosocial health resources (physical and psychosocial characteristics that tend to enhance coping and well-being) would be stronger than the association between physical activity and health deficits. This research is based on a large representative, cross-sectional study (the German Health Interview and Examination Survey [KiGGS] and the Motoric-Module [MoMo]). Health was assessed using medical parameters, motor fitness data, and questionnaire data for various health-related parameters. To assess physical activity, the participants answered questions regarding the duration and intensity of weekly physical activity in leisure and organized sports. We tested our assumptions using a representative sample (N = 2291; 50.5% boys) of German adolescents aged 11-17 years. Participants were classified as physically inactive (16.7%), somewhat active (24.7%), medium active (19.8%), active (14.4%) or highly active (24.4%), based on the duration and intensity of their weekly physical activity. In support of our hypothesis, the data revealed that the amount of physical activity explains up to 12.6% in the variance of physical and psychosocial health resources, but only 2.5% of the variance in physical and psychosocial health deficits. We conclude that the relationship between physical activity and health among adolescents should not only be viewed as a way of reducing health deficits, but should also focus on the enhancement of physical and psychosocial resources. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: physical activity; health parameters; German adolescents

Association of blood pressure and antihypertensive drugs with diurnal alpha-amylase activity - Strahler, Jana; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Rohleder, Nicolas (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2011)

Association of impulsivity with quality of life and well-being after alcohol withdrawal treatment - Reichl, Daniela; Enewoldsen, Niklas; Weisel, Kiona; Fuhrmann, Lukas; Lang, Catharina; Saur, Sebastian; Berking, Matthias; Zink, Mathias; Ahnert, Andreas; Falkai, Peter; Kraus, Thomas; Hillemacher, Thomas; et al. (Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2022)
Objectives Impulsivity is related to a higher risk of relapse in alcohol use disorders. However, besides drinking behavior, other recovery outcomes like physical and mental health-related quality of life are at least as important. The present study aimed to fill a research gap regarding the association of different impulsivity facets with health-related quality of life and well-being in alcohol use disorder. Methods Individuals with a primary alcohol use disorder diagnosis (n = 167) were interviewed with standardized self-report measures at the progressed stage of their withdrawal treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. Multiple regression models were calculated to examine the association of impulsivity, craving, and drinking patterns with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal treatment, as well as the predictive role of impulsivity assessed during withdrawal for these two outcomes. Results Craving was associated with health-related quality of life and well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Likewise, non-planning and attentional impulsivity were associated with well-being 6 weeks after withdrawal. Motor impulsivity during withdrawal treatment predicted health-related quality of life 6 weeks thereafter. Conclusion Impulsivity seems to be negatively related to health-related quality of life and well-being in the first weeks after alcohol withdrawal treatment, probably to a higher extent than drinking patterns, but differentiating between its facets seems to be important. These findings emphasize the importance of treatment approaches aiming at reduced impulsivity in the early recovery process.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-02-04

Association of prenatal alcohol exposure and prenatal maternal depression with offspring low-grade inflammation in early adolescence - Maschke, Janina; Roetner, Jakob; Bösl, Sophia; Plank, Anne-Christine; Rohleder, Nicolas; Goecke, Tamme W.; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kratz, Oliver; Moll, Gunther; Lenz, Bernd; Kornhuber, Johannes; et al. (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021)
(1) This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the link between prenatal alcohol exposure and prenatal maternal depression with the offspring’s low-grade inflammatory status. (2) Prenatal alcohol exposure was determined via maternal self-report during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (self-report+: n = 29) and the meconium alcohol metabolite Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG), collected at birth (≥30 ng/g: n = 23). The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for prenatal maternal depressive symptoms during the 3rd trimester (≥10: n = 35). Fifteen years later, 122 adolescents (M = 13.32 years; 48.4% female) provided blood samples for the analysis of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; M = 0.91; SD = 1.28). (3) Higher hsCRP levels were found in EtG positive adolescents (p = 0.036, ηp2 = 0.04) and an inverse non-significant dose–response relation with hsCRP (r = −0.35, p = 0.113). For maternal self-reported prenatal alcohol consumption (p = 0.780, ηp2 = 0.00) and prenatal depressive symptoms (p = 0.360, ηp2 = 0.01) no differences for hsCRP levels between the affected and unaffected groups were found. (4) Adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure are at risk for low-grade systemic inflammation. The EtG biomarker may be more accurate compared to self-reports. The findings suggest that prenatal maternal depression does not evoke low-grade systemic inflammation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-06
Keywords: Early adolescence; High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); Low-grade systemic inflammation; Maternal self-report; Meconium ethyl glucuronide (EtG); Pregnancy; Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE); Prenatal depression

Association of the Salivary Microbiome With Animal Contact During Early Life and Stress-Induced Immune Activation in Healthy Participants - Langgartner, Dominik; Zambrano, Christian A.; Heinze, Jared D.; Stamper, Christopher E.; Böbel, Till S.; Hackl, Sascha B.; Jarczok, Marc N.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Rook, Graham A.; Gündel, Harald; Waller, Christiane; Lowry, Christopher A.; et al. (Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020)

Association of working conditions including digital technology use and systemic inflammation among employees: study protocol for a systematic review - Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nowak, Dennis; Weigl, Matthias (Systematic Reviews, 2020)
Background: With the dynamic advancement of digitalization, working environments are changing and risk for employee stress may be increasing. Work stress has been associated with a dysregulation of inflammatory processes as a component of immune function. Systemic low-grade inflammation is discussed as a key player in the relation between stress exposure and chronic illness, such as cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this investigation will be to evaluate the association of working conditions including digital technology use and systemic inflammation among employees. Methods: We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and prospective non-randomized studies (e.g., cohort, interrupted time series, or before-after studies). We will include studies conducted among adult workers reporting associations of working conditions and inflammatory activity. The outcome will be biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation on cell, plasma molecule and intracellular level, such as C-reactive protein, or different types of leukocytes, cytokines, etc. Literature searches will be conducted in several electronic databases (from January 1982 onwards), including PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. Two reviewers will independently screen all retrieved records, full-text articles, and extract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using appropriate tools. Our results will be described qualitatively. Random effects meta-analysis will be conducted, if feasible and appropriate. Additional analyses will be performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Discussion: This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a synthesis of studies evaluating the association of working conditions and systemic inflammation. We anticipate our findings to identify knowledge gaps in the literature that future research should address. Moreover, results of our review may provide implications for corporate and public policy action for employee health promotion and prevention of occupational stress. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42020166887<br
Keywords: Work; Job; Health; Working conditions; Occupational stress; Digitalization; Technostress; Inflammation; Inflammatory markers; Immune system

Associations between Attention and Implicit Associative Learning in Healthy Adults: The Role of Cortisol and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Responses to an Acute Stressor - Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Sciences, 2020)
In this study, we investigated the associations between implicit associative learning with the cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) stress response to an acute stressor as well as their associations with attention. Eighty one healthy adults (25 male) participated and either performed the socially evaluated cold-pressor test (SECPT) or a warm-water control task (WWT). Either prior to or immediately after the SECPT/WWT, participants implicitly learned digit-symbol pairs. A not-previously announced recall test was conducted about 20 min after the SECPT/WWT. Attention was assessed by means of a Stroop task at nine time points over the course of the experiment. Memory recall performance was not significantly associated with the acquisition time point (pre or post stressor) and did not significantly differ between the responder groups (i.e., non-responders, sAA-and-cortisol responders, only sAA responders, and only cortisol responders). Attentional performance increased throughout the experiment (i.e., reaction times in the Stroop task decreased). No differences in the attentional time course were found between the responder groups. However, some associations were found (puncorrected < 0.05) that did not pass the multiple comparison adjusted alpha level of αadjusted = 0.002, indicating different associations between attention and implicit learning between the responder groups. We conclude that the associations of sAA and cortisol responses with implicit learning are complex and are related to each other. Further studies in which both (sAA and cortisol responses) are selectively (de-) activated are needed. Furthermore, different learning tasks and less—potentially stressful—attentional assessments should be used in future research. Moreover, field studies are needed in which the associations between acute stress and implicit associative learning are investigated in everyday life.
Keywords: stress; cognition; cortisol; alpha-amylase; implicit learning; associative memory; attention; Stroop; SECPT

Associations Between C-Reactive Protein Levels, Exercise Addiction, and Athlete Burnout in Endurance Athletes - Becker, Linda; Dupke, Anna; Rohleder, Nicolas (Frontiers in Psychology, 2021)
Regular physical activity can support long-term health maintenance, e.g., by reducing inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, excessive physical activity can promote the development of both mental and physical illness as well. From a psychological perspective, excessive exercise can lead to the development of exercise addiction (EA) and athlete burnout (AB). However, EA and AB have been rarely investigated so far and it is still unknown whether they are associated with risk factors for physical diseases such as increased CRP levels. In our study, we investigated whether EA and AB in endurance athletes are associated with CRP concentrations. Furthermore, sex differences and prevalence rates of EA were investigated. Ninety-five endurance athletes participated (54.7% female, mean age = 31.8 ± 15.02 years). CRP levels were assessed by means of Dried Blood Spots. For EA and AB assessment, the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) were used. Exercise addiction was negatively associated with CRP in men. No associations were found for women. None of the ABQ subscales (physical and emotional exhaustion, devaluation of sports, and reduced sense of accomplishment) was associated with CRP levels or with EA. Prevalence of EA was 4.2%. More than 80% of the participants were at risk for EA development. Our results suggest that EA is not necessarily associated with a higher risk for physical diseases through inflammatory pathways. However, EA is a serious mental illness that is widespread in athletes, at least at a subclinical leve
Keywords: Exercise addiction; athlete burnout; C-reactive protein; inflammation; endurance athletes; physical activity; health behavior

Associations between implicit motives and salivary steroids, 2D:4D digit ratio, mental rotation performance, and verbal fluency. - Schultheiss, Oliver; Zimni, Melanie (Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 2015)
Both implicit motives and cognitive abilities have been shown to be associated with gonadal steroid hormones in previous research. Here, we present and test in a sample of 81 participants a conceptual model that links organizational and activational effects of gonadal steroids to implicit needs for power and affiliation, assessed with a picture-story method, 2D:4D digit ratio as a marker of organizational hormone effects, salivary measures of testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol as indicators of current (i.e., activational) effects, and spatial cognition and verbal ability, assessed with 3D mental rotation and verbal fluency tasks. Need for power showed both linear and curvilinear relationships with mental rotation performance and was associated with a more male digit ratio in individuals high in activity inhibition (AI), a picture-story based measure of greater right-hemispheric engagement. Needs for affiliation and power interacted with AI and gender in predicting verbal fluency, with low-AI affiliation-motivated women and high-AI power-motivated women achieving higher verbal fluency scores than other participants. The opposite pattern was observed in men. Neither implicit motives nor digit ratio or cognitive ability measures were significantly associated with salivary hormones.
Keywords: Implicit motives; Power motive; Affiliation motive; Activity inhibition; Lateralization; alivaryhormones; Digitratio; Cognitiveability; Mentalrotation; Spatial cognition; Verbal fluency; Organizational vs activational hormone effects; Sex differences; Picture-story exercise; Content-coding

Associations between social burden, perceived stress, and diurnal cortisol profiles in older adults: implications for cognitive aging - Pretscher, Anna; Kauzner, Saskia; Rohleder, Nicolas; Becker, Linda (European Journal of Ageing, 2021)
Stress can be a risk factor for mental and physical health. We investigated the role of social burden as a potential stressor in older age and its associations with cognitive aging (i.e., within the domains inhibition and cognitive flexibility of executive functioning). Eighty-three older adults (N = 38 male, mean age = 74.0 ± 5.7 years, body-mass index = 25.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2) aged 64 years or older participated. Cognitive flexibility and inhibition were assessed by means of a Trail-Making Test (TMT) and a Stroop task. Perceived levels of social burden and perceived stress in general were assessed via standardized questionnaires. Furthermore, diurnal cortisol profiles were assessed. Overall, older participants showed lower cognitive performance than the younger (both inhibition and cognitive flexibility; p < .044). However, this association did not remain significant when adjusting for multiple comparisons. Social burden was highly correlated with perceived stress, highlighting its importance as a stressor (p < .001). Furthermore, participants who reported higher levels of perceived stress showed lower performance in the TMT as a measure for cognitive flexibility (p < .001). Moreover, social burden was associated with cognitive flexibility, which was assessed by means of the TMT (p = .031). However, this association did not remain significant when using the adjusted α-level. Furthermore, we found that total diurnal cortisol output was a mediator for the relationship between age and inhibition, which was assessed by means of a Stroop task. At last, we found that the mediating role of cortisol interacts with social burden in the way that especially in younger age, high levels of social burden are associated with higher cortisol levels and, therefore, with lower cognitive performance. We conclude that it is important to consider social burden as an additional stressor in older age which is associated with cognitive agin
Keywords: Social burden; Cognitive aging; Executive functioning; Diurnal cortisol; Stress

Associations Between Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety and Cortisol Responses to and Recovery from Acute Stress - Fiksdal, Alexander; Hanlin, Luke; Kuras, Yuliya; Gianferante, Danielle; Xuejie, Chen; Thoma, Myriam; Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019)

Associations of prenatal depressive symptoms with DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes and diurnal cortisol profiles in primary school-aged children - Stonawski, Valeska; Frey, Stefan; Golub, Yulia; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kriebel, Jennifer; Goecke, Tamme W.; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kornhuber, Johannes; Kratz, Oliver; Moll, Gunther; Heinrich, Hartmut; et al. (Development and Psychopathology, 2018)

Associations of prenatal depressive symptoms with DNA methylation of HPA axis-related genes and diurnal cortisol profiles in primary school-aged children - Stonawski, Valeska; Frey, Stefan; Golub, Yulia; Rohleder, Nicolas; Kriebel, Jennifer; Goecke, Tamme W.; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kornhuber, Johannes; Kratz, Oliver; Heinrich, Hartmut; Moll, Gunther; et al. (Development and Psychopathology, 2019)
Epigenetic DNA modifications in genes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are discussed as a mechanism underlying the association between prenatal depression and altered child HPA activity. In a longitudinal study, DNA methylation changes related to prenatal depressive symptoms were investigated in 167 children aged 6 to 9 years. At six candidate genes, 126 cytosine-guanine dinucleotides were considered without correcting for multiple testing due to the exploratory nature of the study. Further associations with the basal child HPA activity were examined. Children exposed to prenatal depressive symptoms exhibited lower bedtime cortisol (p = .003, ηp2 = 0.07) and a steeper diurnal slope (p = .023, ηp2 = 0.06). For total cortisol release, prenatal exposure was related to lower cortisol release in boys, and higher release in girls. Furthermore, prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with altered methylation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1), the mineralocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C2), and the serotonin receptor gene (SLC6A4), with some sex-specific effects (p = .012-.040, ηp2 = 0.03-0.04). In boys, prenatal depressive symptoms predicted bedtime cortisol mediated by NR3C2 methylation, indirect effect = -0.07, 95% confidence interval [-0.16, -0.02]. Results indicate relations of prenatal depressive symptoms to both child basal HPA activity and DNA methylation, partially fitting a mediation model, with exposed boys and girls being affected differently.
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Associations of technostressors at work with burnout symptoms and chronic low-grade inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis in hospital employees - Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nowak, Dennis; Quartucci, Caroline; Weigl, Matthias (International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2023)
Objective: Despite the increasing scholarly interest in the phenomenon technostress, associated biological effects on employee health are under-researched. Chronic low-grade inflammation is suggested as a central pathway linking stress experience to disease development. The aim of this study was to assess associations of technology-related work stressors (technostressors) with low-grade inflammation and burnout symptoms. Methods: N = 173 (74.6% women, M age = 31.0 years) university hospital employees participated in a cross-sectional study. Self-report questionnaires were used for the assessment of general psychosocial working conditions (work overload, job control, social climate), a range of different technostressors, burnout symptoms, and relevant confounders. Participants provided capillary blood samples, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker was analyzed from dried blood spots. Results: Based on a factor analysis, we identified four underlying dimensions of technostressors: techno- and information overload, techno-complexity, interruptions and multitasking as well as usability and technical support. In multivariate linear regressions, techno-/information overload and techno-complexity were associated with core (exhaustion, mental distance) and secondary (psychosomatic complaints) symptoms of burnout. Techno-/information overload was a significant predictor of burnout core symptoms, even when general work overload was controlled for. The technostressors were not associated with hs-CRP. Conclusion: This is the first study on technology-related stress at work and chronic low-grade inflammation. The results suggest that (information) overload caused by digital technology use is a distinct work stressor with genuine consequences for psychological health. To what extent these effects also manifest on a physiological level needs to be subjected to future studies, ideally with prospective designs.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-05-19
Keywords: Burnout; C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Stress; Technostress; Work

Associations of working conditions and chronic low-grade inflammation among employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Kaltenegger, Helena C.; Becker, Linda; Rohleder, Nicolas; Nowak, Dennis; Weigl, Matthias (Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 2021)
Objectives Chronic low-grade inflammation has been identified as a key pathway linking stress experience to human health. However, systematic evaluations on the relationship of work stress and immune function are scarce and predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on associations of working conditions and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods In line with our previously established study protocol and the PRISMA-guidelines, we systematically searched electronic databases for prospective studies on working conditions as well as workplace interventions and inflammatory markers in employees. We classified studies (by design, type of exposure/intervention, outcome) and performed rigorous risk-of-bias assessments. Studies were summarized qualitatively, and a metaanalysis was conducted. Results We identified 23 eligible studies (N=16 432) with a broad scope of working conditions and inflammatory markers. For interventional designs, we differentiated between individual-directed/behavioral (including physical and mental) and organization-directed/structural interventions. Workplace physical exercise interventions were associated with a decrease in C-reactive protein (k=5; d=-0.61; P<0.001). For other workplace interventions, ie, mental and organizational/structural, results were inconclusive. Concerning observational studies, dimensions of the job demand–control(–support) model were most frequently investigated, and results showed weak – if any – associations with inflammatory markers. Conclusions The research base was heterogeneous and high-level evidence was limited. More prospective studies are needed with broader consideration of work stressors and inflammatory markers. For practical occupational health management, exercise interventions are effective measures to reduce chronic low-grade inflammation.<br
Keywords: health; immune system; inflammatory biomarker; information and communication technology; job; occupational stress; work

Asymmetric explanations of group differences: Experimental evidence of Foucault's disciplinary power - Hegarty, Peter; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Social and personality psychology compass, 2013)

A Systematic Review of Land-Based Self-Exclusion Programs: Demographics, Gambling Behavior, Gambling Problems, Mental Symptoms, and Mental Health - Kotter, Roxana; Kraeplin, Anja; Pittig, Andre; Buehringer, Gerhard (Journal of Gambling Studies, 2019)
Systematic and quantitative reviews on the effects of land-based self-exclusion are scarce. Therefore, the current review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of (1) the demographic characteristics of land-based self-excluders and changes after exclusion, including (2) gambling behavior, (3) gambling problems, (4) mental symptoms, and (5) mental health. A systematic database and literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines. Nineteen naturalistic studies met the eligibility criteria. The quality of all included records was rated via adaption of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results from higher-quality records were more heavily weighted. Self-excluders were predominantly men in their early or middle forties. Changes after exclusion revealed wide ranges in the rates of abstinence (13-81%), rates of gambling reduction (29-92%), and rates of exclusion breaches (8-59%). The records consistently demonstrated significant changes in pathological gambling from before exclusion (61-95%) to after exclusion (13-26%). Up to 73% of self-excluders exhibited symptoms of anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders at program enrollment. Several aspects of mental health improved after exclusion, e.g., quality of life. Problem and pathological gambling are most prevalent in young men, but self-exclusion was most prominent in middle-aged men. The magnitude of effects widely differed between studies despite overall benefits of self-exclusion, and many individuals continued gambling after exclusion. This shortcoming could be minimized using improved access controls and the extension of exclusion to other gambling segments. High rates of pathological gambling and other mental disorders in self-excluders highlight the need for improved early detection and treatment accessibility.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Casino; Comorbidity; Evaluation; Gambling; Prevention; Self-exclusion

A systematic review of trial-based economic evaluations of internet- and mobile-based interventions for substance use disorders - Buntrock, Claudia; Kählke, Fanny; Smit, Filip; Ebert, David (European Journal of Public Health, 2021)
BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) contribute significantly to global rates of morbidity and mortality. Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) have been suggested as an adjunct to face-to-face health services. However, the evidence for the cost-effectiveness of IMIs for SUDs is scant. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, NHS Economic Evaluations Database, NHS Health Technology Assessment Database, Office of Health Economics Evaluations Database and EconLit was conducted. We included economic evaluations alongside randomized controlled trials of IMIs for SUDs compared with a control group. RESULTS: Of 1687 abstracts identified, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Targeted conditions were alcohol use disorder (four studies) and tobacco smoking (five studies) whereas two studies included any SUD. Cost-effectiveness results demonstrated that IMIs had a firm probability of being more cost-effective than TAU (e.g. less costs per additional abstinent person). Compared with (online) psycho-education, evidence towards an additional benefit of IMIs was less clear. Regarding cost-utility (e.g. costs per quality-adjusted life year gained), except for one study, results suggested that TAU and online psycho-education would probably be more preferable than IMIs. Quality of study reporting was at least adequate. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of IMIs being more cost-effective than TAU looks promising but more economic evaluations are needed in order to determine the economic merit of IMIs. With an increasing pressure on health care budgets, strategies to disseminate effective interventions at affordable costs are required. This review suggests that IMIs might carry that promise and have potential as a cost-effective strategy to scale-up existing evidence-based treatments for SUDs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The systematic review has been registered in the PROSPERO database (no. CRD42018099486).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-20

Attachment behavior and correlations to alpha-asymmetry in foster children and children with their biological family - Heinisch, Christine; Bovenschen, Ina; Kungl, Melanie; Spangler, Gottfried; Ries, C. (23. Kongress International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development (ISSBD), 2014)

Attachment, dependency, and attachment-related behaviors in foster children: A closer look at the nature of the foster child–caregiver relationship - Kungl, Melanie; Gabler, Sandra; Bovenschen, Ina; Lang, Katrin; Zimmermann, Janin; Spangler, Gottfried (Developmental Child Welfare, 2019)
There is evidence that within the first year in the foster home, children are capable of forming secure attachment comparable to normative samples. However, less is known about the nature of these newly formed relationships and it has been claimed that they may serve different developmental functions as those to primary caregivers formed in the first year of life. The current study aimed to address this void by applying a behavioral system approach. The sample consisted of 46 children (aged 3–6), 16 of which were currently placed in foster care. Attachment security and dependency were assessed during a home visit using the Attachment Q-Sort. Furthermore, activation of several attachment-related behavioral systems was assessed during a stranger approach in a standardized laboratory setting. Compared to the control group, foster children showed equal levels of attachment security but highly increased dependency scores. Also, during the stranger approach, they showed increased attachment behaviors toward their foster mothers and, at the same time, increased looking behavior toward the stranger. The study points out the relevance of taking into account various attachment-related constructs when investigating formations to new attachment figures in out of home care. It further claims that increased dependency and proximity-seeking scores in foster children are characteristic of the newly formed relationship and a possible indicator of foster children’s adaption. Moreover, this behavior may even be highly beneficial to foster children’s socio-emotional development as it possibly serves important developmental functions.<br

Attachment disorder symptoms in foster children: development and associations with attachment security - Kliewer-Neumann, Josephine D.; Zimmermann, Janin; Bovenschen, Ina; Gabler, Sandra; Lang, Katrin; Spangler, Gottfried; Nowacki, Katja (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2023)
Background: Children in foster care constitute a risk population for developing symptoms of attachment disorders. However, little is known about the longitudinal course of attachment disorders and their association with attachment security in foster children. Method: This longitudinal study assessed attachment disorder symptoms in a sample of foster children (n = 55) aged 12 to 82 months. Foster parents with a newly placed foster child were assessed at three points during the first year of placement. At all assessment points, the Disturbance of Attachment Interview (DAI; Smyke and Zeanah in Disturbances of attachment interview, Tulane University, New Orleans, 1999) and the Attachment Q-sort (AQS; Waters and Deane in Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 50:41–65, 1985 German version as reported(Schölmerich and Leyendecker in Deutsche Übersetzung des attachment behavior Q-Set, revision 3.2. Unpublished manual, Ruhr UniversityBochum, Bochum, 1999) were used to investigate the interplay between disorder symptoms and attachment security. Results: The results revealed that the symptoms of attachment disorders decreased. The decrease was more pronounced for the inhibited than for the disinhibited symptoms with marked changes in the first 6 months of placement. There was a noticeable gender difference in the development with boys showing a more pronounced decrease in inhibited attachment disorder symptoms and a stronger increase of attachment security. After 12 months, no significant gender effects were found. Regarding the association between symptoms of attachment disorders and attachment security, a significant negative correlation between the inhibited attachment disorder symptoms and attachment security was found 12 months after placement. Conclusions: Attachment disorder symptoms decreased in the stable foster care environment. Thus, foster care seems to be an effective placement option regarding children’s attachment development.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-08
Keywords: Attachment; Disinhibited social engagement disorder; Foster care; Reactive attachment disorder

Attachment goes to court: child protection and custody issues - Forslund, Tommie; Granqvist, Pehr; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Sagi-Schwartz, Avi; Glaser, Danya; Steele, Miriam; Hammarlund, Mårten; Schuengel, Carlo; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Steele, Howard; Shaver, Phillip R.; Lux, Ulrike; et al. (Attachment and Human Development, 2021)
Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. The article is divided into two parts. In the first, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child’s need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-01-22
Keywords: Attachment theory; best interests of the child; child custody; child protection; consensus statement; family court

Attachment goes to court: Child protection and custody issues El Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil - Forslund, Tommie; Granqvist, Pehr; Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.; Sagi-Schwartz, Avi; Glaser, Danya; Steele, Miriam; Hammarlund, Marten; Schuengel, Carlo; Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Steele, Howard; Shaver, Phillip R.; Lux, Ulrike; et al. (Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 2022)
Attachment theory and research are drawn upon in many applied settings, including family courts, but misunderstandings are widespread and sometimes result in misapplications. The aim of this consensus statement is, therefore, to enhance understanding, counter misinformation, and steer family-court utilisation of attachment theory in a supportive, evidence-based direction, especially with regard to child protection and child custody decision-making. This article is divided into two parts. In the first part, we address problems related to the use of attachment theory and research in family courts, and discuss reasons for these problems. To this end, we examine family court applications of attachment theory in the current context of the best-interest-of-the-child standard, discuss misunderstandings regarding attachment theory, and identify factors that have hindered accurate implementation. In the second part, we provide recommendations for the application of attachment theory and research. To this end, we set out three attachment principles: the child's need for familiar, non-abusive caregivers; the value of continuity of good-enough care; and the benefits of networks of attachment relationships. We also discuss the suitability of assessments of attachment quality and caregiving behaviour to inform family court decision-making. We conclude that assessments of caregiver behaviour should take center stage. Although there is dissensus among us regarding the use of assessments of attachment quality to inform child custody and child-protection decisions, such assessments are currently most suitable for targeting and directing supportive interventions. Finally, we provide directions to guide future interdisciplinary research collaboration.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-02-04
Keywords: Attachment theory; Best interests of the child; Child custody; Child protection; Consensus statement; Family court

Attachment in Foster Children: Recent Findings and Future Directions - Bovenschen, Ina; Spangler, Gottfried (ISSBD bulletin, 2013)

Attachment representation and brain activity during emotion perception - Fraedrich, Eva; Lakatos, Kriszta; Spangler, Gottfried (Attachment and Human Development, 2010)

Attachment Representation as a Moderator between Emotion Perception and Information Processing - Heinisch, Christine; Leyh, Rainer; Spangler, Gottfried (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016)

Attachment Representation Moderates the Influence of Emotional Context on Information Processing - Leyh, Rainer; Heinisch, Christine; Kungl, Melanie; Spangler, Gottfried (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016)

Attachment Representations and Brain Asymmetry during the Processing of Autobiographical Emotional Memories in Late Adolescence - Leyh, Rainer; Kungl, Melanie; Spangler, Gottfried (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2016)
Frontal and parietal asymmetries have repeatedly been shown to be related to specific functional mechanisms involved in emotion regulation. From a developmental perspective, attachment representations based on experiences with the caregiver are theorized to serve regulatory functions and influence how individuals deal with emotionally challenging situations throughout the life span. This study aimed to investigate neural substrates of emotion regulation by assessing state- and trait dependent EEG asymmetries in secure, insecure-dismissing and insecure-preoccupied subjects. The sample consisted of 40 late adolescents. The Adult Attachment Interview was administered and they were asked to report upon personally highly salient emotional memories related to anger, happiness and sadness. EEG was recorded at rest and during the retrieval of each of these emotional memories, and frontal and parietal hemispheric asymmetry were analyzed. We found attachment representations to differentially affect both the frontal and parietal organization of hemispheric asymmetry at rest and (for parietal region only) during the retrieval of emotional memories. During rest, insecure-dismissing subjects showed an elevated right-frontal brain activity and a reduced right-parietal brain activity. We interpret this finding in light of a disposition to use withdrawal strategies and low trait arousal in insecure-dismissing subjects. Emotional memory retrieval did not affect frontal asymmetry. However, both insecure groups showed an increase in right-sided parietal activity indicating increased arousal during the emotional task as compared to the resting state suggesting that their emotion regulation capability was especially challenged by the retrieval of emotional memories while securely attached subjects maintained a state of moderate arousal. The specific neurophysiological pattern of insecure-dismissing subjects is discussed with regard to a vulnerability to affective disorders.

Attentatives Kapital bei Mädchen in MINT - Reutlinger, Marold (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2013)

Attitudes Toward Open Science and Public Data Sharing: A Survey among Members of the German Psychological Society - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Gollwitzer, Mario; Steinberg, Ulf; Schönbrodt, Felix D. (Social psychology, 2019)
Central values of science are, among others, transparency, verifiability, replicability, and openness. The currently very prominent Open Science (OS) movement supports these values. Among its most important principles are open methodology (comprehensive and useful documentation of methods and materials used), open access to published research output, and open data (making collected data available for re-analyses). We here present a survey conducted among members of the German Psychological Society (N = 337), in which we applied a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative data) to assess attitudes toward OS in general and toward data sharing more specifically. Attitudes toward OS were distinguished into positive expectations ("hopes") and negative expectations ("fears"). These were un-correlated. There were generally more hopes associated with OS and data sharing than fears. Both hopes and fears were highest among early career researchers and lowest among professors. The analysis of the open answers revealed that generally positive attitudes toward data sharing (especially sharing of data related to a published article) are somewhat diminished by cost/benefit considerations. The results are discussed with respect to individual researchers' behavior and with respect to structural changes in the research system.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-16
Keywords: attitudes toward open science: data sharing hopes and data sharing fears; open science; public data sharing

Attitudes towards digital treatment for depression: A European stakeholder survey - Topooco, Naira; Riper, Heleen; Araya, Ricardo; Berking, Matthias; Brunn, Matthias; Chevreul, Karine; Cieslak, Roman; Ebert, David; Etchmendy, Ernestina; Herrero, Rocío; Kleiboer, Annet; Krieger, Tobias; et al. (Internet Interventions, 2017)
Background The integration of digital treatments into national mental health services is on the agenda in the European Union. The E-COMPARED consortium conducted a survey aimed at exploring stakeholders’ knowledge, acceptance and expectations of digital treatments for depression, and at identifying factors that might influence their opinions when considering the implementation of these approaches. Method An online survey was conducted in eight European countries: France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and The United Kingdom. Organisations representing government bodies, care providers, service-users, funding/insurance bodies, technical developers and researchers were invited to participate in the survey. The participating countries and organisations reflect the diversity in health care infrastructures and e-health implementation across Europe. Results A total of 764 organisations were invited to the survey during the period March–June 2014, with 175 of these organisations participating in our survey. The participating stakeholders reported moderate knowledge of digital treatments and considered cost-effectiveness to be the primary incentive for integration into care services. Low feasibility of delivery within existing care services was considered to be a primary barrier. Digital treatments were regarded more suitable for milder forms of depression. Stakeholders showed greater acceptability towards blended treatment (the integration of face-to-face and internet sessions within the same treatment protocol) compared to standalone internet treatments. Organisations in countries with developed e-health solutions reported greater knowledge and acceptability of digital treatments. Conclusion Mental health stakeholders in Europe are aware of the potential benefits of digital interventions. However, there are variations between countries and stakeholders in terms of level of knowledge about such interventions and their feasibility within routine care services. The high acceptance of blended treatments is an interesting finding that indicates a gradual integration of technology into clinical practice may fit the attitudes and needs of stakeholders. The potential of the blended treatment approach, in terms of enhancing acceptance of digital treatment while retaining the benefit of cost-effectiveness in delivery, should be further explored. Funding The E-COMPARED project has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 603098.
Keywords: Blended treatment; Comparative effectiveness research; Depression; Digital treatment; E-mental health; Internet-delivered

Attracting and developing STEMM talent toward excellence and innovation - Stoeger, Heidrun; Luo, Linlin; Ziegler, Albert (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2024)
This article provides an overview of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medical sciences (STEMM) talent development from first exposure to a STEMM domain to achieving eminence and innovation. To this end, a resource-oriented model of STEMM talent development is proposed as a framework. It includes a three-stage phase model based on Bloom (1985), with the main focus on interest development in the first stage, skill acquisition toward expertise and excellence in the second stage, and style formation toward eminence and innovation in the final stage. A literature review shows that from an educational perspective, each phase is mainly characterized by the focus that Bloom postulated. However, it is important that all three stages (i.e., interest development, skill acquisition, and style formation) occur in a stage-typical manner. To explain how these primary objectives of STEMM development can be supported through STEMM talent education, Ziegler and Stoeger's (2011) educational and learning capital framework is used in the proposed resource-based model. A literature review shows that consistent provisioning of the resources specified in the model is necessary for individuals to complete a learning pathway to STEMM eminence and innovation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-03-22
Keywords: educational capital; innovation; learning capital; learning resources; STEMM; talent development

Aufblühen, Wachsen und Gedeihen bei der Arbeit - Niessen, Cornelia; Möller, Heidi (Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching, 2020)

Aufwachsen unter familärer Belastung in Deutschland - Zimmermann, Peter; Vierhaus, Marc; Eickhorst, Andreas; Sann, Alexandra; Egger, Carina; Förthner, Judith; Gerlach, Jennifer; Iwanski, Alexandra; Liel, Christoph; Podewski, Fritz; Wyrwich, Sandra; Spangler, Gottfried (Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 2016)

Aufwachsen unter familiärer Belastung in Deutschland Design und Methoden einer entwicklungspsychologischen Studie zu Risiko- und Schutzmechanismen bei Familien mit unterschiedlicher psychosozialer Belastung - Zimmermann, Peter; Vierhaus, Marc; Eickhorst, Andreas; Sann, Alexandra; Egger, Carine; Förthner, Judith; Gerlach, Jennifer; Iwanski, Alexandra; Liel, Christoph; Podewski, Fritz; Wyrwich, Sandra; Spangler, Gottfried (Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 2016)
Family adversity comprises many risk factors for parents and children. The German early intervention approach Frühe Hilfen aims at providing enduring, effective, and scientifically validated prevention and intervention for effective child protection against those risks. The study on risk and protective mechanisms in the development of families with diverse psychosocial risks aims at identifying those mechanisms that cause and stabilize or moderate and diminish maltreatment and neglect, as well as cognitive, social, and emotional developmental deviations in risk families, specifically in the current German social and child protection system. The study examines the development of competence and early behavior problems in a sample of infants and toddlers and the interaction quality with their caregivers by applying a longitudinal sequential-cohort design. The assessments include developmental tests, systematic observations, and questionnaire data. First results suggest stable risk group membership and moderate stability of single risk factors.

Aus Evaluationen lernen: Durchführung einer Meta-Evaluation zur Generierung von Empfehlungen für die Evaluationspraxis - Beck, Mira (18. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Evaluation e.V., 2015)

Aus Evaluationen lernen: Durchführung einer Meta-Evaluation zur Generierung von Empfehlungen für die Evaluationspraxis - Beck, Mira (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2016)
Keywords: Evaluation; Meta-Evaluation; Bundesprogramm "Elternchance ist Kinderchance"

Auswahlverfahren der gymnasialen Begabtenklassen - Stumpf, Eva; Trottler, Susanne (KARG Hefte, 2014)

A variational approach to Continuous Time Dynamic Models - Meinlschmidt, Hannes; Sons, Meike; Stemmler, Mark (Dependent Data in Social Sciences Research - Forms, Issues and Methods of Analysis (second edition), 2024)

Avoidance and its bi-directional relationship with conditioned fear: Mechanisms, moderators, and clinical implications - Pittig, Andre; Wong, Alex H. K.; Glueck, Valentina M.; Boschet, Juliane M. (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2020)
Fear motivates different types of defensive behaviors. These behaviors are, however, not mere byproducts of fear. In this review, we highlight a bi-directional relationship between conditioned fear and instrumental defensive behavior in humans. We discuss mechanisms involved in the link from fear to goal-directed avoidance (e.g., relief, generalization), that may become habitual. These defensive behaviors may in turn reduce, preserve, or amplify fear responding (e.g., protection-from-extinction, behavior-as-information). Multiple factors moderate the bi-directional relationship. Evidence for amplifying and dampening effects of inter-individual differences (e.g., trait anxiety, distress tolerance), intra-individual states (e.g., stress), and external factors (e.g., incentives for competing behavior) on goal-directed and/or habitual defensive behavior is reviewed. However, the exact mechanisms by which these factors moderate the bi-directional relationship are still largely unknown (e.g., modulating avoidance directly vs. indirectly via conditioned fear). Finally, we discuss major implications: First, understanding factors moderating the bi-directional relationship provides insights into risk and resilience factors for anxious psychopathology. Second, specific experimental models and clinical interventions can be mapped onto distinct defensive behaviors (e.g., goal-directed vs. habitual avoidance). More precise matching will help to develop nuanced models and interventions to reduce pathological behaviors and individualize treatments.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety; Aversive conditioning; Avoidance; Defensive behavior; Fear conditioning; Habits; Instrumental behavior; Safety behavior

Avoidance of learnt fear: Models, potential mechanisms, and future directions - Wong, Alex H.K.; Wirth, Franziska M.; Pittig, Andre (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2022)
Avoiding stimuli that were previously associated with threat is essential for adaptive functioning, but excessive avoidance that persists in the absence of threat can turn dysfunctional and results in severe impairments. Fear and avoidance conditioning models have substantially contributed to the understanding of safety behaviors towards learnt fear stimuli. Safety behaviors are executed in the presence of a feared stimulus to prevent the upcoming threat and are well-established in laboratory models. Avoidance of learnt fear, i.e., avoidance of the feared stimulus itself, is typically initiated before the onset of a feared stimulus: individuals oftentimes avoid fear stimuli to prevent negative emotions evoked by them or ultimately the associated threat. Avoidance of learnt fear is surprisingly understudied despite its prevalence in pathological anxiety. The current overview proposes potential behavioral mechanisms and neural circuits of avoidance of learnt fear in humans, and discusses findings and paradigms suitable for examining it. Specifically, higher-order conditioning, decision making paradigms, and context-cue conditioning investigate distinct forms of avoidance of learnt fear. We also discuss the clinical prospects and future directions of research in avoidance of learnt fear.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-04
Keywords: Anxiety-related disorders; Associative learning; Avoidance; CS-Avoidance; Extinction; Fear conditioning

Avoidant decision-making in social anxiety disorder: A laboratory task linked to in vivo anxiety and treatment outcome - Pittig, Andre; Alpers, Georg W.; Niles, Andrea N.; Craske, Michelle G. (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2015)
Recent studies on reward-based decision-making in the presence of anxiety-related stimuli demonstrated that approach-avoidance conflicts can be assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. However, the clinical relevance of these decision conflicts has not been demonstrated. To this end, the present study investigated avoidant decisions in treatment-seeking individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). In a gambling task, advantageous choices to maximize gains were associated with task-irrelevant angry faces and disadvantageous choices with happy faces. The clinical relevance of avoidant decisions for in vivo anxiety in a social stress situation (public speaking) were examined (n = 44). In a subsample (n = 20), the predictive value for a reduction of avoidance following behavioral therapy was also evaluated. Results indicated a close link between more frequent avoidant decisions and elevated in vivo anxiety. Moreover, individuals who showed a deficit in the goal-directed adjustment of their decisions also showed higher and sustained distress during the social stressor and reported less decrease of avoidance following treatment. The findings highlight the importance of an avoidant decision-making style for the experience of acute distress and the maintenance of avoidance in SAD. Assessing avoidant decision-making may help to predict the response to behavioral treatments.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Avoidance; Decision making; Experimental psychopathology; Facial expressions; Goal-directed behavior; Incentives; Social anxiety disorder

Avoidant decision making in social anxiety: The interaction of angry faces and emotional responses - Pittig, Andre; Pawlikowski, Mirko; Craske, Michelle G.; Alpers, Georg W. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2014)
Recent research indicates that angry facial expressions are preferentially processed and may facilitate automatic avoidance response, especially in socially anxious individuals. However, few studies have examined whether this bias also expresses itself in more complex cognitive processes and behavior such as decision making. We recently introduced a variation of the Iowa Gambling Task which allowed us to document the influence of task-irrelevant emotional cues on rational decision making. The present study used a modified gambling task to investigate the impact of angry facial expressions on decision making in 38 individuals with a wide range of social anxiety. Participants were to find out which choices were (dis-) advantageous to maximize overall gain. To create a decision conflict between approach of rewards and avoidance of fear-relevant angry faces, advantageous choices were associated with angry facial expressions, whereas disadvantageous choices were associated with happy facial expressions. Results indicated that higher social avoidance predicted less advantageous decisions in the beginning of the task, i.e., when contingencies were still uncertain. Interactions with specific skin conductance responses further clarified that this initial avoidance only occurred in combination with elevated responses before choosing an angry facial expressions. In addition, an interaction between high trait anxiety and elevated responses to early losses predicted faster learning of an advantageous strategy. These effects were independent of intelligence, general risky decision-making, self-reported state anxiety, and depression. Thus, socially avoidant individuals who respond emotionally to angry facial expressions are more likely to show avoidance of these faces under uncertainty. This novel laboratory paradigm may be an appropriate analog for central features of social anxiety.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Behavioral avoidance; Decision making; Facial expressions; Psychopathology; Social anxiety

Avoiding a feared stimulus: Modelling costly avoidance of learnt fear in a sensory preconditioning paradigm - Wong, Alex H.K.; Pittig, Andre (Biological Psychology, 2022)
Avoidance of learnt fear prevents the onset of a feared stimulus and the threat that follows. In anxiety-related disorders, it turns pathological given its cost and persistence in the absence of realistic threat. The current study examined the acquisition of costly avoidance of learnt fear in healthy individuals (n = 45), via a sensory preconditioning paradigm. Two neutral preconditioning stimuli (PSs) were paired with two neutral conditioned stimuli (CSs). One CS then came to predict an aversive outcome whereas the other CS came to predict safety. In test, participants engaged in stronger avoidance to the PS associated with the fear-related CS than the PS associated with the safety-related CS. Of note, executing behavioral avoidance led to missing out a competing reward, thus rendering avoidance costly. The results also provide preliminary evidence that threat anticipation and a negative change in valence play a role in driving costly avoidance of learnt fear. Future studies should examine how avoidance of learnt fear maintains pathological anxiety.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-01-28
Keywords: Anxiety; Avoidance; Costly avoidance; Fear conditioning; Higher-order conditioning; Threat anticipation

A Web- and Mobile-Based Intervention for Comorbid, Recurrent Depression in Patients With Chronic Back Pain on Sick Leave (Get.Back): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial on Feasibility, User Satisfaction, and Effectiveness - Schlicker, Sandra; Baumeister, Harald; Buntrock, Claudia; Sander, Lasse; Paganini, Sarah; Lin, Jiaxi; Berking, Matthias; Lehr, Dirk; Ebert, David (JMIR Mental Health, 2020)
Background: Chronic back pain (CBP) is linked to a higher prevalence and higher occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and can lead to reduced quality of life. Unfortunately, individuals with both CBP and recurrent MDD are underidentified. Utilizing health care insurance data may provide a possibility to better identify this complex population. In addition, internet-and mobile-based interventions might enhance the availability of existing treatments and provide help to those highly burdened individuals.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-05-12

Back to the roots: When diversity evokes increased group-based conventionalism. - Dieckmann, J; Steffens, Melanie; Methner, Nicole (Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 2018)

Barrieren und Strategien bei der Anwendung expositionsbasierter Verfahren in der niedergelassenen Praxis. - Rumin, Elena; Pittig, Andre; Hoyer, Juergen (Verhaltenstherapie und psychosoziale Praxis, 2019)

Barriers and Facilitators for Referrals of Primary Care Patients to Blended Internet-Based Psychotherapy for Depression: Mixed Methods Study of General Practitioners' Views - Titzler, Ingrid; Berking, Matthias; Schlicker, Sandra; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (JMIR Mental Health, 2020)
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and often managed by general practitioners (GPs). GPs mostly prescribe medication and show low referral rates to psychotherapy. Many patients remain untreated. Blended psychotherapy (bPT) combines internet-based interventions with face-to-face psychotherapy and could increase treatment access and availability. Effectively implementing bPT in routine care requires an understanding of professional users' perspectives and behavior.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-09-04

Barriers and facilitators for the implementation of blended psychotherapy for depression: A qualitative pilot study of therapists' perspective - Titzler, Ingrid; Saruhanjan, Karina; Berking, Matthias; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (Internet Interventions, 2018)
Keywords: Facilitators; Qualitative study; Blended therapy; Depression; Therapists' view; Barriers

Barriers of mental health treatment utilization among first-year college students: First cross-national results from the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative - Ebert, David; Mortier, Philippe; Kählke, Fanny; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Baumeister, Harald; Auerbach, Randy P.; Alonso, Jordi; Vilagut, Gemma; Martínez, Kalina U.; Lochner, Christine; Cuijpers, Pim; Kuechler, Ann Marie; et al. (International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 2019)
Background: Although mental disorders and suicidal thoughts-behaviors (suicidal thoughts and behaviors) are common among university students, the majority of students with these problems remain untreated. It is unclear what the barriers are to these students seeking treatment. Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the barriers to future help-seeking and the associations of clinical characteristics with these barriers in a cross-national sample of first-year college students. Method: As part of the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative, web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students in eight countries across the world. Clinical characteristics examined included screens for common mental disorders and reports about suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Multivariate regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, college-, and treatment-related variables were used to examine correlates of help-seeking intention and barriers to seeking treatment. Results: Only 24.6% of students reported that they would definitely seek treatment if they had a future emotional problem. The most commonly reported reasons not to seek treatment among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help were the preference to handle the problem alone (56.4%) and wanting to talk with friends or relatives instead (48.0%). Preference to handle the problem alone and feeling too embarrassed were also associated with significantly reduced odds of having at least some intention to seek help among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help. Having 12-month major depression, alcohol use disorder, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors were also associated with significantly reduced reported odds of the latter outcome. Conclusions: The majority of first-year college students in the WMH-ICS surveys report that they would be hesitant to seek help in case of future emotional problems. Attitudinal barriers and not structural barriers were found to be the most important reported reasons for this hesitation. Experimental research is needed to determine whether intention to seek help and, more importantly, actual help-seeking behavior could be increased with the extent to which intervention strategies need to be tailored to particular student characteristics. Given that the preference to handle problems alone and stigma and appear to be critical, there could be value in determining if internet-based psychological treatments, which can be accessed privately and are often build as self-help approaches, would be more acceptable than other types of treatments to student who report hesitation about seeking treatment.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-24
Keywords: epidemiology; public mental health; service utilization; student; treatment gap

Barriers to and Facilitators of Engaging With and Adhering to Guided Internet-Based Interventions for Depression Prevention and Reduction of Pain-Related Disability in Green Professions: Mixed Methods Study - Braun, Lina; Freund, Johanna; Thielecke, Janika; Baumeister, Harald; Ebert, David Daniel; Titzler, Ingrid (JMIR Mental Health, 2022)
Background: Internet-based interventions (IBIs) are effective for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders and are valuable additions for improving routine care. However, the uptake of and adherence to IBIs are often limited. To increase the actual use of IBIs, it is important to identify factors for engaging with and adhering to IBIs. Objective: We qualitatively evaluated barriers and facilitators regarding a portfolio of guided IBIs in green professions (farmers, gardeners, and foresters). Methods: Interview participants were selected from 2 randomized controlled trials for either the prevention of depression (Prevention of Depression in Agriculturists [PROD-A]) or the reduction of pain interference (Preventive Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain in Agriculturists [PACT-A]) in green professions. The intervention group in PROD-A (N=180) participated in an IBI program, receiving access to 1 of 6 symptom-tailored IBIs. The intervention group in PACT-A (N=44) received access to an IBI for chronic pain. Overall, 41 semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Barriers and facilitators were identified via inductive qualitative content analysis, with 2 independent coders reaching almost perfect intercoder reliability (Cohen & UKappa;=0.92). A quantitative follow-up survey (30/41, 73%) was conducted to validate the results. Subgroup analyses were performed based on intervention characteristics. Results: We identified 42 barriers and 26 facilitators, which we assigned to 4 superordinate categories related to the intervention (20 barriers; 17 facilitators), work (4 barriers; 1 facilitator), individual (13 barriers; 8 facilitators), and technical (5 barriers; 0 facilitators) aspects. Key barriers (identified by at least 50% of the interviewees) were time-consuming work life (29/40, 73%) and time-consuming private life (23/40, 58%). Similarly, the most frequently identified facilitators included presence of motivation, curiosity, interest and perseverance (30/40, 75%), flexible time management at work (25/40, 63%), and support from family and friends (20/40, 50%). Although agreement with barriers in the quantitative follow-up survey was rather low (mean 24%, SD 11%), agreement with facilitators was substantially higher (mean 80%, SD 13%). Differences in agreement rates were found particularly between intervention completers and noncompleters. Completers agreed significantly more often that perceived IBI success; being motivated, curious, interested, and perseverant; and having a persisting level of psychological strain have been facilitating. Noncompleters agreed more often with experiencing the e-coach contact as insufficient and technical problems as hindering for intervention completion. Conclusions: Based on these results, strategies such as customization of modules for more flexible and adaptive use; video chat options with the e-coach; options to facilitate social support by family, friends, or other participants; or using prompts to facilitate training completion can be derived. These approaches could be evaluated in further quantitative research designs in terms of their potential to enhance intervention use in this occupational group. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00014000, https://tinyurl.com/3bukfr48; German Clinical Trials Register DRKS0001461, https://tinyurl.com/ebsn4sns
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-12-02

Basal and dynamic relationships between implicit power motivation and estradiol in women - Stanton, Steven J.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Hormones and Behavior, 2007)

Basal testosterone moderates responses to anger faces in humans - Schultheiss, Oliver; Wirth, Michelle M. (Physiology & behavior, 2007)

Basic Human Body Dimensions Relate to Alcohol Dependence and Predict Hospital Readmission - Lenz, Bernd; Köllner, Martin; Mühle, Christiane; Weinland, Christian; Kornhuber, Johannes (Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2019)
Alcohol dependence is a severe mental illness and there is a need for more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Translational research suggests that intrauterine sex hormone exposure modulates the risk and course of alcohol dependence during adulthood. During development, sex hormones permanently shape sexually dimorphic body dimensions. Thus, these dimensions may provide insight into sex hormone organization. Here, we compared body measurements (absolute, relative to, and residualized on height) between 200 alcohol-dependent in-patients and 240 age-matched healthy control subjects and investigated how these measurements associate with the patients' prospective 12- and 24-month outcome. The results show that alcohol dependence is related to lower absolute, relative, and residualized body measurements for height and weight, head circumference, bitragion head arc, lip-chin distance, hip, thigh, and calf circumference, and foot length and breadth. In male alcohol-dependent in-patients, higher risk, shorter latency, and more alcohol-related readmissions were predicted by higher absolute, relative, and residualized thigh and calf circumferences. The second-to-fourth finger length ratio, a putative proxy for prenatal sex hormone organization, was not convincingly correlated with the body dimensions, suggesting that the results represent pubertal (or later) effects. The study's findings have implications for further research. The body measurements' high accessibility may facilitate the future transition into clinical settings.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-28

Bauliche Modernisierungen in psychiatrischen Kliniken beeinflussen Zwangsmaßnahmen Architectural modernization of psychiatric hospitals influences the use of coercive measures - Rohe, Tim; Dresler, T.; Stuhlinger, M.; Weber, M.; Strittmatter, T.; Fallgatter, A. J. (Der Nervenarzt, 2017)
Keywords: Architecture; Psychiatry; Structural milieu; Coercion; Observational study

Bedienermodellierung: Beispiele - Jürgensohn, T; Niessen, Cornelia; Leuchter, S. (Mensch-Maschine Systemtechnik, 2002)

Begabende Umwelten, begabte Personen. Ein Plädoyer für eine ganzheitliche Begabungsidentifikation. - Harder, Bettina; Trottler, Susanne; Ziegler, Albert (News & science, 2014)

Begabtenförderung aus einer systemischen Perspektive - Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.begabt

Begabtenförderung und Lernumwelten: Soziotope als Rahmenbedingungen der MINT-Förderung von Mädchen und Frauen - Reutlinger, Marold; Buschhaus, F; Groß, C; Hopp, Manuel; Werner, K; Ziegler, Albert (Handbuch der Entwicklungspsychologie des Talents, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.begabt

Begabungs-, Expertise- und Innovationsforschung - Ziegler, Albert; Grassinger, Robert; Harder, Bettina (News & science, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.begabu

Begabungsförderung aus einer systemischen Perspektive - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2009)