Same fear responses, less avoidance: Rewards competing with aversive outcomes do not buffer fear acquisition, but attenuate avoidance to accelerate subsequent fear extinction - Pittig, Andre; Dehler, Jule (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2019)
Rewards for approaching a feared stimulus may compete with fear reduction inherent to avoidance and thereby alter fear and avoidance learning. However, the impact of such competing rewards on fear and avoidance acquisition has rarely been investigated. During acquisition, participants chose between one option (CS+ option) associated with a neutral stimulus followed by an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) and another option (CS− option) associated with another neutral stimulus followed by no US (N = 223 randomized into three groups). In a subsequent test, no more USs occurred. In one group, competing rewards were established by linking the CS+ option to high rewards and the CS− option to low rewards during acquisition and test (Reward Group). In a second group, rewards were present during acquisition, but discontinued during test (Initial-Reward Group). In a third group, rewards were completely absent (No-Reward Group). Without competing rewards, significant avoidance was acquired and persisted in the absence of the US. Competing rewards attenuated avoidance acquisition already after the first experience of the aversive US. Avoidance remained attenuated even when rewards were discontinued during test. Rewards did, however, not change the level of fear responses to the CS+ (US expectancy, skin conductance). Finally, rewards did not change the level of fear reduction during test, which was, however, experienced earlier. Summarized, rewards for approaching aversive events do not buffer fear acquisition, but can prevent avoidance. This damping of avoidance may initiate fear extinction.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Approach-avoidance; Avoidance conditioning; Behavioral avoidance; Fear; Fear conditioning

SAS: Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie - Reutlinger, Marold (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2013)

Saufen Alter? Aktuelles zur Lebenssituation alkoholerfahrener Jugendlicher - Hagmaier-Göttle, Tamara; Stadtmüller, Lisa (Kinder- und Jugendschutz in Wissenschaft und Praxis, 2011)
Die Lebenssituation alkoholerfahrener Jugendlicher stand im Fokus einer empirischen Studie am Institut für Psychologie, Lehrstuhl für Sozialpsychologie der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, in der neben einer Erörterung der Faktoren, welche mit einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit des juvenilen Alkoholkonsums einhergehen, die Tatsache diskutiert wird, dass alkoholerfahrene Jugendliche signifikant häufiger eine depressive Symptomatik aufweisen. Die Autorinnen diskutieren den Aspekt, inwieweit der Alkoholkonsum als Bewältigungsstrategie anzusehen ist. Auch auf die Frage, was sich die Jugendlichen von dem Alkoholkonsum erhoffen bzw. welche Wirkungen sie dem Alkohol zuschreiben, wird eingegangen. Zuletzt wird der Zugang zu alkoholischen Getränken vor dem Hintergrund des Jugendschutzgesetzes thematisiert. -ih
Keywords: Alkoholkonsumgewohnheiten; Alkoholismus; Entwicklung im Jugendalter; Bewältigungsverhalten; Major Depression; Risikogruppen; Risikofaktoren; Jugendlicheneinstellunge; Jugendalter

Schlüsselkompetenzen und Lernziele für die Aus- und Weiterbildung in Psychotherapie. - Fydrich, Thomas; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Markgraf, Jürgen; Schneider, Silvia; Schulte, Dietmar; Rief, Winfried (Erfolgreich in die Zukunft. Schlüsselkompetenzen in Gesundheitsberufen., 2015)

Schüleräußerungen und Leistungen beim kooperativen Lernen mit Concept Maps - Händel, Marion (Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, 2014)
This video study investigated students' statements during cooperative concept mapping with respect to their influence on individual and cooperative learning results. In total, 49 eighth grade students participated in the study and cooperatively learned about blood vessels and blood circulation in groups of three to four students. The study analyzed the interrelation of students' prior knowledge, their verbal abilities, and their statements during learning with individual and cooperative learning success. Students' talk assessed during the cooperative learning process seemed to be a relevant predictor for their performance. This result is encouraging as not only students' individual characteristics prior to learning but also the actual learning behavior influenced learning outcome. Differences in dependence of the group composition show the importance of the discourse between the group members; a factor that needs to be further studied in more detail.
Keywords: cooperative learning; learning processes; concept mapping; video study

Schulprozesse, Devianz und Delinquenz - Weiss, Maren (Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren, 2016)

Schutzfaktoren der psychischen Gesundheit im Jugendalter: Längsschnittergebnissse im Multiproblem-Milieu. Bericht über den 39. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Hamburg - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (1994)

Schutz- und Risikofaktoren der gesunden Entwicklung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Familie und deren Umfeld - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Materialiensammlung / Österreichisches Institut für Familienforschung, 1998)

Schwieriges Temperament im Kindergartenalter, Probleme des Sozialverhaltens und ungünstige elterliche Erziehung - Wallner, Susanne; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie; Lösel, Friedrich; Scherer, Stefanie; Stemmler, Mark (16. Tagung der Fachgruppe Entwicklungspsychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2003)

Screening for depression in old age: A comparison of the geriatric depression scale and the depression in old age scale Depressionsscreening im Alter: Ein Vergleich von geriatrischer Depressionsskala (GDS) und Depression im Alter-Skala (DIA-S) - Wunner, Christina; Stemmler, Mark; Masuch, Johanna; Gosch, Markus; Waller, Christiane; Singler, Katrin (Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 2021)
Objective: Since 1996, older patients have been treated in the Nuremberg Geriatric Day Hospital. The geriatric depression scale (GDS) is an obligatory part of the geriatric assessment at admission but its use in the clinical setting has revealed some problems. The aim of the study was to compare the GDS with the depression in old age scale (DIA-S) in terms of applicability and psychometric characteristics. Methods: As gold standard a semi-structured interview was used to record the depression criteria according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Using a sample of 375 patients, sensitivity and specificity as well as positive and negative predictive values were calculated for both screening tests. Results: No clear superiority of any screening method could be proven. The sensitivity of the DIA‑S in the overall sample was higher than that of the GDS, but the specificity was much lower. In terms of predictive values, there were slight advantages for the GDS. In the sub-samples, poorer values were found in both scales for cognitively impaired or dementia patients with slightly better values for GDS. Conclusion: The DIA‑S can be used very easily in everyday clinical practice, but no advantages of this method compared to GDS could be demonstrated.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-13
Keywords: Depressive; Major depression; Older adults; Sensitivity; Specificity

Screening Youth : eine Studie über den Zusammenhang von Depression, Angst, Alkohol- und Nikotinkonsum im Jugendalter - Hagmaier-Göttle, Tamara; Stadtmüller, Lisa (Archiv der Jugendkulturen Verlag, 2011)

Screening Youth : eine Studie über den Zusammenhang von Depression, Angst, Alkohol- und Nikotinkosum im Jugenalter - Hagmaier-Göttle, Tamara; Stadtmüller, Lisa (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2010)

Seamless Care 4.0 A Hybrid Aftercare Intervention Following Inpatient Treatment for Alcohol-Related Disorders Nahtlosverfahren 40 - Eine hybride Intervention zur Kliniknachsorge bei alkoholbezogenen Störungen - Lukas, Christian; Hacker, Daniel (Suchttherapie, 2023)
Alcohol-related disorders are one of the most common mentaldisorders and are associated with great individual suffering andhigh costs for society. Inpatient therapy is an essential and wellevaluatedform of treatment for alcohol-related disorders. However,to the detriment of patients, there is a shortage in Germanywith regard to the continuation of therapy successes achieved ininpatient settings. Hybrid e-health interventions have the potentialto achieve significant therapeutic effects as a supplementarycomponent in an aftercare setting. Such human-supported interventionscan be used anywhere and anytime, can be reproducedinexpensively and, thanks to their high degree of anonymity, appealto patients beyond the conventional addiction support system.mentalis Appstinence is a hybrid aftercare intervention foralcohol-related disorders in the post-inpatient setting. A feasibilitystudy has already demonstrated that a high level of adherenceand a reduction in dysfunctional attitudes, craving for addictionand risk consumption can be achieved by the intervention. Furthermore,initial data from care practice indicate that Appstinenceincreases the transfer rate to follow-up treatment and reduces therehospitalization rate. In addition, the intervention is currentlybeing evaluated in a randomized controlled study. Consequently,the integration of such hybrid e-health interventions can representan important element for improving the post-inpatient addictionsupport system.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-08-25
Keywords: Alkoholbezogene Störungen; E-Health-Intervention; hybrid care; Nachsorge; poststationäre Behandlung

Seeing the world with the eyes of the outgroup—The impact of perspective taking on the prototypicality of the ingroup relative to the outgroup - Berthold, A; Leicht, C; Methner, Nicole; Gaum, P (Journal of experimental social psychology, 2013)

See what you hear-How the brain forms representations across the senses - Noppeney, Uta; Jones, Samuel A.; Rohe, Tim; Ferrari, Ambra (Neuroforum, 2018)
Keywords: multisensorische Wahrnehmung; perzeptuelle Inferenz; Modellierung; multisensorische Integration; Wahrnehmung; audiovisuell; Bindungsproblem; Bayesianisch; Kausale Inferenz; Computermodell

Seine Grenzen kennen: Die individuell beste Pendeldauer zum Arbeitsort - Göbel, Kyra (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2016)

Selbstbestimmtes und interessiertes Lernen in der kaufmännischen Erstausbildung - Prenzel, Manfred; Drechsel, Barbara; Kramer, Klaudia; et al. (Wirtschaft und Erziehung, 1999)

Selbstbestimmt motiviertes und interessiertes Lernen in der kaufmännischen Erstausbildung: Ergebnisse des Gesamtprojektes - Prenzel, Manfred; Kramer, Klaudia; Drechsel, Barbara; et al. (Lehren und Lernen in der beruflichen Erstausbildung. Konzepte für eine moderne kaufmännische Berufsqualifizierung, 2001)

Selbstbestimmung, motiviertes und interessiertes Lernen in der kaufmännischen Erstausbildung - Ein Forschungsprojekt in vier Strängen - Prenzel, Manfred; Drechsel, Barbara; Kramer, Klaudia; et al. (Lehr-Lernprozesse in der kaufmännischen Erstausbildung. Ein Schwerpunktprogramm der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, 2000)

Selbst bewerten und einschätzen. Macht beruflicher Erfolg glücklich? - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Klostermann, Anne (Forschung & Lehre : alles was die Wissenschaft bewegt, 2016)

Selbstreguliertes Lernen Hochbegabter - Ziegler, Albert (Begabtenförderung und Schulsystem, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.selbst_0

Selbstreguliertes Lernen in der Grundschule - Stöger, Heidrun; Sontag, Christine; Ziegler, Albert (Lernstrategien im Grundschulalter : Konzepte, Befunde und praktische Implikationen, 2009)

Selbstreguliertes Lernen in der Not: Strategien zur Überwindung von Prokrastination im Emergency Remote Learning - Breins, Berit; Naujoks-Schober, Nick; Händel, Marion (19. Fachgruppentagung Pädagogische Psychologie, 2023)

Selbstreguliertes Lesen mit Sachtexten - Ein Trainingsprogramm - Stöger, Heidrun; Sontag, Christine; Greindl, Teresa (Selbstreguliertes Lesen : ein Überblick über wirksame Leseförderansätze, 2012)

Self and agency in context: Ecologies of abundance and scarcity - Adams, Glenn; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Decker, Stephanie (International perspectives in psychology, 2012)

Self-compassion as an emotion regulation strategy in major depressive disorder - Diedrich, Alice; Grant, Michaela; Hofmann, Stefan G.; Hiller, Wolfgang; Berking, Matthias (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2014)
Cognitive reappraisal and acceptance are two presumably adaptive emotion regulation strategies in depression. More recently, self-compassion has been discussed as another potentially effective strategy for coping with depression. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of self-compassion with a waiting condition, reappraisal, and acceptance in a clinically depressed sample, and tested the hypothesis that the intensity of depressed mood would moderate the differential efficacy of these strategies. In an experimental design, we induced depressed mood at four points in time in 48 participants meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. After each mood induction, participants were instructed to wait, reappraise the situation, accept their negative emotions, or employ self-compassion to regulate their depressed mood. Self-ratings of depressed mood were assessed before and after each mood induction and regulation phase. Results showed that the reduction of depressed mood was significantly greater in the self-compassion condition than in the waiting condition. No significant differences were observed between the self-compassion and the reappraisal condition, and between the self-compassion and the acceptance condition in patients' mood ratings. However, the intensity of self-rated depressed mood at baseline was found to moderate the comparative effectiveness of self-compassion and reappraisal with a trend of self-compassion being more effective than reappraisal in high depressed mood at baseline. These findings support the use of self-compassion as another adaptive emotion regulation strategy for patients with major depressive disorder, especially for those suffering from high levels of depressed mood. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Depression; Self-compassion; Cognitive reappraisal; Acceptance; Emotion regulation; Mood

Self-compassion as a predictor of interleukin-6 response to acute psychosocial stress - Breines, Juliana; Thoma, Myriam; Gianferante, Danielle; Hanlin, Luke; Chen, C.; Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2014)

Self-compassionate young adults show lower salivary alpha-amylase responses to repeated psychosocial stress - Breines, Juliana; McInnis, Christine; Kuras, Yulia; Thoma, Myriam; Gianferante, Danielle; Hanlin, Luke; Chen, C.; Rohleder, Nicolas (Self and identity, 2015)

Self-compassion enhances the efficacy of explicit cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy in individuals with major depressive disorder - Diedrich, Alice; Hofmann, Stefan G.; Cuijpers, Pim; Berking, Matthias (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2016)
Cognitive reappraisal has been shown to be an effective strategy to regulate depressed mood in healthy and remitted depressed individuals. However, individuals currently suffering from a clinical depression often experience difficulties in utilizing this strategy. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine whether the efficacy of explicit cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder can be enhanced through the use of self-compassion and emotion-focused acceptance as preparatory strategies. Thereby, explicit cognitive reappraisal refers to purposefully identifying, challenging, and modifying depressiogenic cognitions to reduce depressed mood. To test our hypotheses, we induced depressed mood at four points in time in 54 participants (64.8% female; age M = 35.59, SD = 11.49 years) meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. After each mood induction, participants were instructed to either wait, or employ self-compassion, acceptance, or reappraisal to regulate their depressed mood. Depressed mood was assessed before and after each mood induction and regulation period on a visual analog scale. Results indicated that participants who had utilized self-compassion as a preparatory strategy experienced a significantly greater reduction of depressed mood during reappraisal than did those who had been instructed to wait prior to reappraisal. Participants who had used acceptance as a preparatory strategy did not experience a significantly greater reduction of depressed mood during subsequent reappraisal than those in the waiting condition. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the efficacy of explicit cognitive reappraisal is moderated by the precursory use of other emotion regulation strategies. In particular, they suggest that depressed individuals might benefit from using self-compassion to facilitate the subsequent use of explicit cognitive reappraisal.
Keywords: Cognitive reappraisal; Depression; Emotion regulation; Emotion-focused acceptance; Mood; Self-compassion

Self-compassion is more effective than acceptance and reappraisal in decreasing depressed mood in currently and formerly depressed individuals - Ehret, Anna; Joormann, Jutta; Berking, Matthias (Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018)
Keywords: Self-compassion; Vulnerability; Affect regulation; Depression

Self-determined and interested learning in vocational education - Kramer, Klaudia; Prenzel, Manfred; Drechsel, Barbara; et al. (Teaching-Learning Processes in Vocational Education, 2002)

Self-esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information. - Wojciszke, Bogdan; Baryla, Wieslaw; Parzuchowski, Michal; Szymkow, Aleksandra; Abele, Andrea E. (European Journal of Social Psychology, 2011)
We present a Double Perspective Model (DPM) explaining why agency (competence) and communion (warmth) constitute two basic content dimensions of social cognition. Every social action involves two perspectives: of the agent (a person who performs an action) and of the recipient (a person at whom the action is directed). Immediate cognitive goals of the agent and recipient differ, which results in heightened accessibility and weight of content referring either to agency (from the agent's perspective) or to communion (from the recipient's perspective). DPM explains why evaluations of other persons are dominated by communal over agentic considerations and allows a novel hypothesis that self‐esteem is dominated by agentic over communal information. We present several studies supporting this hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: self esteem; communal information; social cognition; agency; competence; communion; warmth

Self-face recognition in schizophrenia is related to inside - Heinisch, Christine; Stefan, Wiens; Gründl, Martin; Juckel, Georg; et al. (European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2013)

Self-face recognition is related to higher order self-awareness in schizophrenic patients - Heinisch, Christine (Workshop "The Social Brain", 2011)

Self-face recognition is related to higher order self-awareness in schizophrenic patients - Heinisch, Christine; Brüne, Martin; Juckel, G; Stefan, Wiens (Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2013)

Self-guided internet-based and mobile-based stress management for employees: Results of a randomised controlled trial - Ebert, David; Heber, Elena; Berking, Matthias; Riper, Heleen; Cuijpers, Pim; Funk, Burkhardt; Lehr, Dirk (Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2016)
Objective This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a self-guided internet-based stress management intervention (iSMI) for employees compared to a 6-month wait-list control group (WLC) with full access for both groups to treatment as usual. M e t h o d A sample of 264 employees with elevated symptoms of perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-10 =22) was randomly assigned to either the iSMI or to the WLC. The iSMI consisted of seven sessions and one booster session including problem-solving and emotion regulation techniques. Self-report data were assessed at baseline, at 7 weeks and at 6 months following randomisation. The primary outcome was perceived stress (PSS-10). The secondary outcomes included other relevant mental-related and work-related health outcomes. Data were analysed based on intention-to-treat principles. Results The iSMI participants showed a significantly higher reduction in perceived stress from baseline to post-treatment at 7 weeks (d=0.96, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.21) and to the 6-month follow-up (d=0.65, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.89) compared to the WLC. Significant differences with small to moderate effect sizes were also found for depression, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, sleeping problems, worrying, mental health-related quality of life, psychological detachment, emotion regulation skills and presenteeism, in favour of the experimental group. At the 6-month follow-up, all outcomes remained significantly better for the experimental group with the exception of work engagement, physical health-related quality of life and absenteeism, which were not found to significantly differ between the iSMI and WLC groups. Conclusions The iSMI investigated in this study was found to be effective in reducing typical mental-related and work-related health symptoms of stressed employees. Internet-based self-guided interventions could be an acceptable, effective and potentially costeffective approach to reduce the negative consequences associated with work-related stress.

Self-leadership and self-control strength in the work context - Müller, Teresa; Niessen, Cornelia (Journal of Managerial Psychology, 2018)

Self-leadership in the context of part-time teleworking - Müller, Teresa; Niessen, Cornelia (78th Annual Academy of Management Conference, 2018)

Self-leadership in the context of part-time teleworking - Müller, Teresa; Niessen, Cornelia (Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2019)

Self-other discrimination in schizophrenia is associated with awareness of illness - Heinisch, Christine; Brüne, Martin (Robert Sommer Symposium, 2010)

Self-Other discrimination in schizophrenic patients - Heinisch, Christine; Brüne, Martin (Robert Sommer Award Symposium, 2008)

Self-Regulated Resource Management in Emergency Remote Higher Education – Status Quo and Predictors - Naujoks, Nick; Bedenlier, Svenja; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Kammerl, Rudolf Josef; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert; Händel, Marion (Frontiers in Psychology, 2021)
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring term 2020, students faced a sudden change from on-campus learning to online learning with synchronous and asynchronous online courses (emergency remote teaching). To study successfully, students not only needed to be prepared in terms of digital readiness (workspace, IT equipment, previous online learning experiences, and sharing information online), they also faced challenges that pertained to the self-regulated management of external resources (environment structuring, time management, and help-seeking). In the current study, we investigated students’ digital readiness for the sudden switch to online learning; differences between students’ intended and actual use of external resource management strategies; and the influence of students’ digital readiness on their actual use of resource management strategies. Students enrolled in a full-scale, German university (N = 662) answered two online questionnaires (before and in the middle of the term). Descriptive statistics indicated that students seemed to be ready to study online. However, a repeated measures analysis of variance showed that students were not able to manage their resources during the term as frequently as intended. Finally, separate regression analyses revealed that availability of workspace and IT equipment predicted the use of environment structuring strategies. Additionally, IT equipment and information sharing behavior predicted students’ help-seeking. Based on the current results, we discuss implications for the promotion of student self-regulated learning in online emergency remote teaching based on both external resources and digital readiness.

Self-regulatory training through elementary students' homework completion - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance, 2011)

Self-Relevance Predicts the Aesthetic Appeal of Real and Synthetic Artworks Generated via Neural Style Transfer - Vessel, Edward A.; Borges Bastos Pasqualette, Laura Beatriz; Uran, Cem; Koldehoff, Sarah; Bignardi, Giacomo; Vinck, Martin (Psychological Science, 2023)
What determines the aesthetic appeal of artworks? Recent work suggests that aesthetic appeal can, to some extent, be predicted from a visual artwork’s image features. Yet a large fraction of variance in aesthetic ratings remains unexplained and may relate to individual preferences. We hypothesized that an artwork’s aesthetic appeal depends strongly on self-relevance. In a first study (N = 33 adults, online replication N = 208), rated aesthetic appeal for real artworks was positively predicted by rated self-relevance. In a second experiment (N = 45 online), we created synthetic, self-relevant artworks using deep neural networks that transferred the style of existing artworks to photographs. Style transfer was applied to self-relevant photographs selected to reflect participant-specific attributes such as autobiographical memories. Self-relevant, synthetic artworks were rated as more aesthetically appealing than matched control images, at a level similar to human-made artworks. Thus, self-relevance is a key determinant of aesthetic appeal, independent of artistic skill and image features.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-08
Keywords: aesthetic valuation; artwork; identity; machine learning; open data

Self-reported juvenile delinquency in three surveys over 38 years: A German study on the crime drop - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris; Sünkel, Zara; Stemmler, Mark (The Psychology of crime, policing and courts, 2016)

Sensory reliability shapes perceptual inference via two mechanisms - Rohe, Tim; Noppeney, Uta (Journal of Vision, 2015)
To obtain a coherent percept of the environment, the brain should integrate sensory signals from common sources and segregate those from independent sources. Recent research has demonstrated that humans integrate audiovisual information during spatial localization consistent with Bayesian Causal Inference (CI). However, the decision strategies that human observers employ for implicit and explicit CI remain unclear. Further, despite the key role of sensory reliability in multisensory integration, Bayesian CI has never been evaluated across a wide range of sensory reliabilities. This psychophysics study presented participants with spatially congruent and discrepant audiovisual signals at four levels of visual reliability. Participants localized the auditory signals (implicit CI) and judged whether auditory and visual signals came from common or independent sources (explicit CI). Our results demonstrate that humans employ model averaging as a decision strategy for implicit CI; they report an auditory spatial estimate that averages the spatial estimates under the two causal structures weighted by their posterior probabilities. Likewise, they explicitly infer a common source during the common-source judgment when the posterior probability for a common source exceeds a fixed threshold of 0.5. Critically, sensory reliability shapes multisensory integration in Bayesian CI via two distinct mechanisms: First, higher sensory reliability sensitizes humans to spatial disparity and thereby sharpens their multisensory integration window. Second, sensory reliability determines the relative signal weights in multisensory integration under the assumption of a common source. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Bayesian CI is fundamental for integrating signals of variable reliabilitie
Keywords: Bayesian causal inference; Multisensory integration; Cue combination; Sensory reliability; Perceptual inference

Sequentielle strukturierte Risikoprognosen für Dissozialität bei Kindern: Prädiktive Validität des Cracow Instruments für verschiedene Altersphasen - Wallner, Susanne; Lösel, Friedrich; Stemmler, Mark (48. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2012)

Severely Burdened Individuals Do Not Need to Be Excluded From Internet-Based and Mobile-Based Stress Management: Effect Modifiers of Treatment Outcomes From Three Randomized Controlled Trials. - Weisel, Kiona; Lehr, Dirk; Heber, Elena; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Berking, Matthias; Riper, Heleen; Ebert, David (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018)
Although internet-based and mobile-based stress management interventions (iSMIs) may be a promising strategy to reach employees suffering from high chronic stress, it remains unknown whether participants with high symptom severity of depression or anxiety also benefit from iSMIs or should be excluded. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iSMIs in subgroups with high symptom severity and to test whether baseline symptom severity moderates treatment outcome. Data from three randomized controlled trials (N=791) were pooled to identify effect modifiers and to evaluate efficacy in subgroups with different levels of initial symptom severity. The outcomes perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS), depression severity (Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale, CES-D), and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS) symptom severity were assessed at baseline, 7-week postassessment, and 6-month follow-up. Potential moderators were tested in predicting differences in the change of outcome in multiple moderation analyses. Simple slope analyses evaluated efficacy of the iSMI comparing the intervention group with the waitlist control group in subgroups with low, moderate, and severe initial symptomology based on means and SDs of the study population. In addition, subgroups with clinical values of depression (CES-D≥16) and anxiety (HADS≥8) at baseline were explored, and response rates (RRs; 50% symptom reduction) and symptom-free (SF) status (CES-D<16, HADS<8) were reported. =1.06-1.21), and effects were sustained at 6-month follow-up. Symptom severity moderated treatment outcomes, as individuals with higher symptom severity at baseline benefited significantly more from the intervention than individuals with lower symptom severity. Furthermore, 82.9% (656/791) of individuals had clinical depression values at baseline, of which significantly more individuals in the intervention group reached at least 50% symptom reduction or fell under clinical cut-off (RR: 29.2%, 93/318; SF: 39.6%, 126/318) compared with the waitlist control group (RR: 8.0%, 27/338; SF: 18.6%, 63/338) at postassessment. Significantly more individuals with clinical anxiety values at baseline (HADS≥8, 85.3%, 675/791) in the intervention group achieved at least 50% symptom reduction or fell under clinical cut-off (RR: 27.7%, 94/339; SF: 39.8%, 135/339) compared with the WLC (RR: 4.8%, 16/336; SF: 15.5%, 52/336). Highly burdened individuals benefit greatly from iSMIs and therefore should not be excluded from participation. Stress management may be a valid entry point to reach highly burdened individuals who otherwise may not seek treatment. 1) German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005112; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00005112 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zmIZwvdA); 2) German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005384; https://www.drks.de/ DRKS00005384 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zmIerdtr); and 3) German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00004749; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00004749 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zmIjDQPx). BACKGROUND OBJECTIVE METHODS RESULTS CONCLUSIONS TRIAL REGISTRATION

Sex Differences in Behavior and Development - Stemmler, Mark; Petersen, Anne C. (International Encyclopedia of Developmental and Instructional Psychology, 1996)

Sex differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity of proinflammatory cytokine production after psychosocial stress - Rohleder, Nicolas; Schommer, Nicole; Hellhammer, Dirk; Engel, Rolf; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2001)

Sex-specific adaptation of endocrine and inflammatory responses to repeated nauseogenic body rotation - Rohleder, Nicolas; Otto, Barbara; Wolf, Jutta; Klose, Jennifer; Kirschbaum, Clemens; Enck, Paul; Klosterhalfen, Sybille (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2006)

Sexual jokes and conversations at the workplace and their relation to employee well-being: Results from a longitudinal study - Hommelhoff, Sabine; Richter, David; Scheibe, Susanne (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2024)

Sexual offender treatment for reducing recidivism among convicted sex offenders: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Schmucker, Martin; Lösel, Friedrich (Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2017)
Background Sexual offender treatment programs to reduce reoffending have been implemented in many countries as part of a strategy in managing this offender group. However, there are still controversies regarding their effectiveness. Objectives A meta-analysis of relatively well-controlled outcome evaluations assessing the effects of treatment for male sexual offenders to reduce recidivism is conducted. The aim is to provide robust estimates of overall and differential treatment effects. Search Methods We searched a broad range of literature databases, scanned previous reviews and primary studies on the topic, hand-searched 16 relevant journals, carried out an internet search of pertinent institutions, and personally contacted experts in the field of sex offender treatment. In total, we identified more than 3,000 documents that were scanned for eligibility. Selection Criteria Studies had to address male sexual offenders and contain an outcome evaluation with a treated group (TG) and an equivalent control group (CG). Apart from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), also quasi-experimental designs were eligible if they applied sound matching procedures, statistically controlled for potential biases or the incidental assignment would not introduce bias. The studies had to evaluate therapeutic measures aiming at reducing recidivism. Both, psychosocial and organic treatment approaches were eligible. Case reports were not eligible and sample size had to be at least n =10. To be eligible, studies had to report official recidivism data as an outcome and provide sufficient information for effect size calculation. There were no restrictions with regard to country of origin or language and both published and unpublished documents were eligible. Data Collection and Analysis For each study/comparison we coded general features, characteristics of the sample, treatment variables and methodological features. As most studies reported their results in terms of recidivism rates, we chose the odds ratio (OR) as effect size measure. If results on treatment dropouts were provided, we merged them with the treatment group results (“intent to treat” analysis). All statistical analysis of effect sizes applied a random effects model. Results 29 comparisons drawn from 27 studies met our inclusion criteria. This study pool comprised 4,939 treated and 5,448 untreated offenders. A quarter of the studies were retrieved from unpublished sources. Most studies appeared since 2000 and more than half came from North America. The evaluations mostly addressed cognitive-behavioral sex offender treatment. No study on hormonal treatment met the inclusion criteria. Only about one fifth of the comparisons were RCTs and matching designs were rare as well. The follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 19.5 years (M = 5.9 years). Most frequently recidivism was defined as a new conviction and with only one exception studies presented data on sexual reoffending. Overall, there was a positive, statistically significant effect of treatment on sexual reoffending (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.78, p < .01). The mean effect equates to 26.3% less recidivism after treatment (sexual recidivism rate of 10.1% in treated sex offenders vs. 13.7 % in the control groups). There was a comparable effect on general recidivism (26.4% less recidivism in treated groups; OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.83, p < .01). The overall effects were robust against outliers, but contained much heterogeneity. Cognitive-behavioral programs showed a significant effect. Two RCTs on Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST) which also contains many cognitive-behavioral elements revealed a particularly large effect. Other intervention types showed weaker or no effects. There was a rather clear trend for better treatment effects of more individualized programs. There was no significant difference between various settings. We found significant effects for treatment in the community and in forensic hospitals, but there is not yet sufficient evidence to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of sex offender treatment in prisons. The overall methodological quality of the studies was not significantly related to effect size. It should be noted, though, that we could not demonstrate a significant effect on sexual reoffending for the few RCTs in our study pool. Sample size was not linearly related to effect size but small studies with less than 50 participants had larger effects. This may suggest publication selection bias. However, studies from unpublished sources did not reveal weaker effects compared to published studies. The strongest methodological moderator was descriptive validity. Most studies lacked a detailed documentation of offender variables so that only few analyses could target this factor. With regard to offender characteristics we found no significant treatment effect for low risk participants.  In contrast, medium and higher risk groups benefitted from treatment.  Although the treatment of adolescents fared somewhat better than for adults, this difference was not significant. It made no difference whether offenders entered treatment voluntarily or on a mandatory basis. Authors’ Conclusions Overall, the findings are promising, but there is too much heterogeneity between the results of individual studies to draw a generally positive conclusion about the effectiveness of sex offender treatment. However, the results reveal information that is practically relevant: For example, our review confirms that cognitive-behavioral programs and multi-systemic approaches are more effective than other types of psychosocial interventions. The findings also suggest various conditions of success such as more individualization instead of fully standardized group programs, an advantage of treatment in the community or therapeutic settings instead of prisons, a focus on medium to high risk offenders, early treatment of young sexual offenders, and measures to ensure quality of implementation. Overall and particularly with regard to moderators the research base on sex offender treatment is still not yet satisfactory. To enable more definite answers, an increase in high-quality research is needed, particularly outside of North America. There is a clear need of more differentiated process and sound outcome evaluations on various types of interventions (including pharmacological treatment), specific characteristics of programs, implementation, settings and participants and research methods.
Keywords: sexual offender treatment; treatment effectiveness; systematic review; meta-analysis

Short- and long-term effects of digital prevention and treatment interventions for cannabis use reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Boumparis, Nikolaos; Loheide-Niesmann, Lisa; Blankers, Matthijs; Ebert, David; Korf, Dirk; Schaub, Michael P.; Spijkerman, Renske; Tait, Robert J.; Riper, Heleen (Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2019)
Background: Frequent Cannabis use has been linked to a variety of negative mental, physical, and social consequences. We assessed the effects of digital prevention and treatment interventions on Cannabis use reduction in comparison with control conditions. Methods: Systematic review with two separate meta-analyses. Thirty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria for the review, and 21 were included in the meta-analyses. Primary outcome was self-reported Cannabis use at post-treatment and follow-up. Hedges's g was calculated for all comparisons with non-active control. Risk of bias was examined with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: The systematic review included 10 prevention interventions targeting 8138 participants (aged 12 to 20) and 20 treatment interventions targeting 5195 Cannabis users (aged 16 to 40). The meta-analyses showed significantly reduced Cannabis use at post-treatment in the prevention interventions (6 studies, N = 2564, g = 0.33; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.54, p = 0.001) and in the treatment interventions (17 comparisons, N = 3813, g = 0.12; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.22, p = 0.02) as compared with controls. The effects of prevention interventions were maintained at follow-ups of up to 12 months (5 comparisons, N = 2445, g = 0.22; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.33, p < 0.001) but were no longer statistically significant for treatment interventions. Conclusions: Digital prevention and treatment interventions showed small, significant reduction effects on Cannabis use in diverse target populations at post-treatment compared to controls. For prevention interventions, the post-treatment effects were maintained at follow-up up to 12 months later.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-28
Keywords: Cannabis Use; Internet; Meta-analysis; Prevention; Randomized controlled trials; Treatment

Shortcomings of the IQ-Based Construct of Underachievement - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Roeper review, 2012)

Short-term estradiol treatment enhances pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic responses to psychosocial stress in healthy young men - Kirschbaum, Clemens; Schommer, Nicole; Federenko, Ilona; Gaab, Jens; Neumann, Odmar; Öllers, Michel; Rohleder, Nicolas; Untiedt, Agnes; Hanker, Jürgen; Pirke, Karl Martin; Hellhammer, Dirk (Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1996)

Sicherungsverwahrung: Das Behandlungsprogramm des bayerischen Justizvollzugs - Endres, Johann; Breuer, Maike Miriam (Forum Strafvollzug, 2011)

Sind gute Manager perfektionistisch? Ein Experiment zu impliziten Führungstheorien - Kusmenko, Olga; Hommelhoff, Sabine (9. Fachgruppentagung Arbeits-, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, 2015)

Sind gute Manager ungeduldig? Ein Experiment zu impliziten Führungstheorien - Chaillié, Olivia; Hommelhoff, Sabine (9. Fachgruppentagung Arbeits-, Organisations- und Wirtschaftspsychologie, 2015)

Singled out as "the effect to be explained": Implications for collective self-esteem - Bruckmüller, Susanne (Personality and social psychology bulletin, 2013)

Skalen zur Messung elterlichen Erziehungsverhaltens bei Vorschul- und Grundschulkindern. Die deutschen Versionen der Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) und der Parenting Scale (PARS) - Lösel, Friedrich; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie; Scherer, Stefanie; Stemmler, Mark; Wallner, Susanne (2003)

Skalierungseffekte von Motiven auf implizites Lernen – Beeinflussen unsere impliziten und expliziten Motive die Lernleistung? [Scaling effects of motives on implicit learning – Do our implicit and explicit motives influence learning performance?] - Köllner, Martin (33rd Colloquium on Motivational Psychology, 2013)

SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test and Activities of Daily Living in Dementia - Lehfeld, Hartmut; Schläfke, Sandra; Hoerr, Robert; Stemmler, Mark (GeroPsych, 2014)
Using data from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving 806 outpatients, we performed linear regression analyses to evaluate how cognitive abilities in patients with dementia assessed by the SKT (Syndrom-Kurztest – Short Cognitive Performance Test) correlate with activities of daily living rated by means of the Activities of Daily Living International Scale (ADL-IS). There were significant correlations between SKT total score and ADL-IS total mean score at baseline (r = 0.52, p < .001) as well as between change in SKT total score and change in ADL-IS total mean score during the 24-week treatment period (r = 0.48, p < .001). Significant correlations with ADL-IS total mean scores were also found for both memory and attention/concentration subscores of the SKT.
Keywords: dementia; assessment; cognitive performance; activities of daily living; SKT; ADL-IS

SKT zur Unterscheidung von MCI und Depression - Lehfeld, Hartmut; Stemmler, Mark (NeuroTransmitter, 2020)

Sleep quality but not sleep quantity effects on cortisol responses to acute psychosocial stress - Bassett, Sarah; Lupis, Sarah; Gianferante, Danielle; Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta (Stress Medicine, 2015)

Smart and popular? A cross-cultural study of students’ perceptions of high-performing peers - Händel, Marion; Duan, X; Vialle, Wilma (Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 2018)

Smart-Glass Guided Exposure for Anxiety Disorders: A Proof-of-Concept Study - Pittig, Andre; Hoyer, Jürgen; Noack, René (Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2021)
Exposure is a highly effective treatment for pathological fear and anxiety, but rarely used in routine care. Issues of practicability and lack of therapists in rural areas are main barriers for the dissemination of exposure. Smartglass devices may enable therapists to guide exposure from their own office via real-time feedback and may thereby increase practicability. The present study explored the technological usability and clinical feasibility of Smartglass-guided exposure in a behavioral approach test in spider-fearful individuals (N = 40). Fearful individuals were asked to start the Smartglass themselves and established a connection to a therapist, who guided the exposure test from afar. Clinical severity of spider fear was assessed via questionnaire. Technological usability was assessed with established measures of usability, user experience, and user acceptance. Exploratory, individual characteristics of exposure were collected (e.g., within-session fear reduction, duration, safety behavior). Overall, fearful individuals (94.9%) and therapists (100%) were able to establish a connection. Usability of Smartglass-guided exposure was evaluated as positive. Within-session fear reduction was large (d = 1.91). Adverse events were minimal. There were, however, some associations between exposure characteristics and usability evaluation (e.g., lower user-friendliness and exposure duration). Two case examples further highlight chances and risks of Smartglass-guided exposure. These findings provide first evidence that Smartglass-guided exposure could be useful in exposure therapy. Smartglass-guided exposure may ultimately help to increase practicability of exposure and increase dissemination, also in rural areas. These findings are promising for future research on the long-term outcome of evidence-based exposure in treatment seeking patients.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: anxiety disorders; dissemination; exposure; fear of spiders; smart glass

Smartphone-based emotion recognition skills training for alexithymia - A randomized controlled pilot study - Lukas, Christian Aljoscha; Trevisi Fuentes, Hugo; Berking, Matthias (Internet Interventions, 2019)
Background: Neurobiological studies suggest that deficits in emotion recognition are common phenomena in alexithymia. Thus, effective treatments for alexithymia often include skills training in the domain of emotion recognition. Given that smartphone-based interventions (SBIs)offering skills training have been shown to be promising adjuncts to psychological treatments, a blended SBI facilitating the training of emotional skills might be effective in reducing alexithymia. Methods: In this pilot trial, N = 29 individuals reporting elevated alexithymia levels were randomly assigned to a blended SBI including a psychoeducation session and 14 days of training with the mindtastic alexithymia app (MT-ALEX)or a psychoeducation-only control condition. Primary outcome was emotion recognition skills as assessed in a computer-based two-choice task paradigm. Results: On average, participating in the SBI was associated with a significant increase in computer-assessed emotion recognition skills compared to the control condition (d = 0.97). Conclusions: Study findings provide preliminary evidence that SBIs can improve emotion recognition skills in alexithymic individuals. Research using larger samples and targeting clinical populations is necessary to further evaluate the potential of MT-ALEX.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-16
Keywords: Alexithymia; Emotion recognition; Mobile intervention; Smartphone; Training

Smokers display reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity prior to symptomatic chronic disease development - Bennett, Jeanette M.; Marino, J. S.; Peck, B.; Roos, L. G.; Joseph, K. M.; Carter, L. B.; Smith, C. B.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Coffman, M. J. (Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 2018)

Soaring up the Tower of Creativity - Ziegler, Albert; Vialle, W (Creativity in business and education: Interdisciplinary and cultural aspects, 2010)

Social and monetary incentives counteract fear-driven avoidance: Evidence from approach-avoidance decisions - Pittig, Andre; Hengen, Kristina; Bublatzky, Florian; Alpers, Georg W. (Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2018)
Background and Objectives: The reduction of avoidance behavior is a central target in the treatment of anxiety disorders, but it has rarely been studied how approach of fear-relevant stimuli may be initiated. In two studies, the impact of hypothetical monetary and symbolic social incentives on approach-avoidance behavior was examined. Methods: In Study 1, individuals high or low on fear of spiders (N = 84) could choose to approach a fear-relevant versus a neutral stimulus, which were equally rewarded. In a subsequent micro-intervention, approaching the fear-relevant stimulus was differentially rewarded either by monetary or social incentives. In Study 2 (N = 76), initial incentives for approach were discontinued to investigate the stability of approach. Results: Hypothetical monetary and symbolic social incentives reduced or eliminated initial avoidance, even in highly fearful individuals. Approach resulted in a decrease of self-reported aversiveness towards the fear-relevant stimulus. However, even after successful approach, fearful individuals showed significant avoidance behavior when incentives for approach were discontinued. Limitations: Future research should investigate the long-term effects of prolonged approach incentives on multiple levels of fear (e.g., self-report, behavioral, physiological). It should also be tested if such an intervention actually improves compliance with exposure based interventions. Conclusions: The present findings highlight that incentives are useful to initiate initial approach towards a feared stimulus. Although incentive-based approach may neither fully eliminate avoidance nor negative feelings towards the feared stimulus, such operant interventions may set the stage for more extensive extinction training.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Avoidance; Decision making; Exposure therapy; Fear; Operant training; Spider phobia

Social closeness increases salivary progesterone in humans - Brown, Stephanie L.; Fredrickson, Barbara L.; Wirth, Michelle M.; Poulin, Michael J.; Meier, Elizabet A.; Heaphy, Emily D.; Cohen, Michael D.; Schultheiss, Oliver (Hormones and Behavior, 2009)
We examined whether interpersonal closeness increases salivary progesterone. One hundred and sixty female college students (80 dyads) were randomly assigned to participate in either a closeness task with a partner versus a neutral task with a partner. Those exposed to the closeness induction had higher levels of progesterone relative to those exposed to the neutral task. Across conditions, progesterone increase one week later predicted the willingness to sacrifice for the partner. These results are discussed in terms of the links between social contact, stress, and health
Keywords: Progesterone; Altruism; Affiliation; Social closeness

Social Environmental Factors and Personal Motivational Factors Associated with Creative Achievement: A Cross-Cultural Perspective - Zhang, Zhitian; Hoxha, Linda; Aljughaiman, Abdullah; Arenliu, Aliriza; Gomez-Arizaga, Maria P.; Gucyeter, Sule; Ponomareva, Irina; Shi, Jiannong; Irueste, Paula; Rogl, Silke; Nunez, Miguelina; Ziegler, Albert (Journal of Creative Behavior, 2020)
Although the theory of the socio-cultural approach to creativity is gaining steam, empirical studies with advanced statistical tools are lagging behind. To address the gap of empirical studies integrating individual, social environmental, and cultural factors, we examined how motivational factors and environmental responsiveness were jointly related to college students’ creative achievement in different nations. Participants were university students from eight culturally and geographically diverse regions: Argentina, Austria, Chile, China, Kosovo, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. Overall, the results painted a generally positive picture of the relationship between environmental responsiveness, motivational factors, and creative achievement. By employing structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple-group SEM (MGSEM) methods, results partially supported the mediation role of motivational factors between environmental responsiveness and creative achievement. In addition, we observed more consistent relationships between parental responsiveness and motivational factors or creative achievement, than lecturer. This held in common across all seven countries which fulfilled the requirements for the SEM process, indicating that parents play a potential vital role in supporting students’ motivational aspects and creative achievements, whereas lecturers supporting role is relative to the cultural organizational circumstances. As the first large-scale empirical study with a socio-cultural approach, we invited further discussion and proposed future cross-cultural research of this kind. Research implications and practical suggestions were addressed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-24
Keywords: creative achievement; creativity; lecturer responsiveness; motivational factors; parental responsiveness; socio-cultural approach

Social evaluation: Comparing models across interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, several-group, and many-group contexts - Koch, Alex; Yzerbyt, Vincent; Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Ellemers, Naomi; Fiske, Susan T. (Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2021)
This chapter compares five models that analyze social evaluation from the micro, interpersonal to macro, many-group level: the Dual Perspective Model (DPM), Behavioral Regulation Model (BRM), Dimensional Compensation Model (DCM), Stereotype Content Model (SCM), and Agency-Beliefs-Communion (ABC) Model. A proper understanding of social evaluation must consider the models’ different types and numbers of perceivers, targets, and dimensions. By making a systematic comparison in the first part of the chapter, we sharpen the aim and scope of the complementary models and research programs supporting them. In the second part, we combine the models’ premises and evidence bases to generate new insights about social evaluation. In this way, we show that the models can expand and enrich one another. Our conclusion is that, instead of competing against one another, related theoretical perspectives are best compared and integrated to improve scientific insight about complex phenomena, such as social evaluation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-02
Keywords: Agency; Beliefs; Communion; Competence; Morality; Social evaluation; Warmth

Social information processing, experiences of aggression in social contexts, and aggressive behavior in adolescents - Lösel, Friedrich; Bliesener, Thomas; Bender, Doris (Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2007)
This study examines social information processing and experiences of aggression in social contexts as predictors of different forms of aggressive behavior. A sample of 102 boys (aggressive, average, competent, and victimized students) was investigated with a prospective design in Grade 7/8 and again in Grade 9/10. Results show an aggressive-impulsive response repertoire strongly predicted self-reported and teacher-reported physical aggression, verbal aggression, violent offenses, general aggression, and other forms of delinquency. Positive evaluations of aggressive responses showed a weaker effect, and attributions of hostility and aggressive/egocentric goal setting had no impact. Perceived aggression in the family, in the peer group, in media consumption, and (less consistently) at school predicted verbal aggression as well as physical aggression and violent offenses. Multivariate analyses revealed both mediating and independent effects of social information processing and experiences of aggression in social contexts. Results are discussed from methodological and theoretical perspectives.
Keywords: social information processing; aggression; juvenile delinquency; social learning

Social Perceptions of a Creative Person: Stereotypes and Prejudice of a Creative Student among German Adolescents - Zhang, Zhitian; Hopp, Manuel; Vialle, Wilma; Ziegler, Albert (Creativity Research Journal, 2020)
This study builds from the implicit theory of creative individuals to an understanding of the social perceptions of creative individuals. Stereotypes and prejudice about creative students were examined utilizing the self-developed stereotype and prejudice scales among German adolescents. The results indicate that German adolescents hold positive images of creative students, seeing them as competent, warm and popular. Their primary perception of a creative student was admiration, which could be predicted by their stereotypes. In addition, the gender and age effects on adolescents’ social perception were examined. The results show that boys and girls tend to expect the creative student to be the same gender as themselves; and the ratings of stereotype and prejudice in the pre-teens group were significantly higher than in the teens group. These findings provide a refined image of creative individuals from a social perception perspective and partially explain the observed variations due to gender and age factors.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-30

Sometimes I feel the fear of uncertainty: How intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety impact fear acquisition, extinction and the return of fear - Wroblewski, Adrian; Hollandt, Maike; Yang, Yunbo; Ridderbusch, Isabelle C.; Pietzner, Anne; Szeska, Christoph; Lotze, Martin; Wittchen, Hans Ulrich; Heinig, Ingmar; Pittig, Andre; Arolt, Volker; Koelkebeck, Katja; et al. (International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2022)
It is hypothesized that the ability to discriminate between threat and safety is impaired in individuals with high dispositional negativity, resulting in maladaptive behavior. A large body of research investigated differential learning during fear conditioning and extinction protocols depending on individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and trait anxiety (TA), two closely-related dimensions of dispositional negativity, with heterogenous results. These might be due to varying degrees of induced threat/safety uncertainty. Here, we compared two groups with high vs. low IU/TA during periods of low (instructed fear acquisition) and high levels of uncertainty (delayed non-instructed extinction training and reinstatement). Dependent variables comprised subjective (US expectancy, valence, arousal), psychophysiological (skin conductance response, SCR, and startle blink), and neural (fMRI BOLD) measures of threat responding. During fear acquisition, we found strong threat/safety discrimination for both groups. During early extinction (high uncertainty), the low IU/TA group showed an increased physiological response to the safety signal, resulting in a lack of CS discrimination. In contrast, the high IU/TA group showed strong initial threat/safety discrimination in physiology, lacking discriminative learning on startle, and reduced neural activation in regions linked to threat/safety processing throughout extinction training indicating sustained but non-adaptive and rigid responding. Similar neural patterns were found after the reinstatement test. Taken together, we provide evidence that high dispositional negativity, as indicated here by IU and TA, is associated with greater responding to threat cues during the beginning of delayed extinction, and, thus, demonstrates altered learning patterns under changing environments.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-09-30
Keywords: Dispositional negativity; Fear conditioning; fMRI; Intolerance of uncertainty; Psychophysiology; Trait anxiety

Sources of Stress and Their Associations With Mental Disorders Among College Students: Results of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Initiative - Karyotaki, Eirini; Cuijpers, Pim; Albor, Yesica; Alonso, Jordi; Auerbach, Randy P.; Bantjes, Jason; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Ebert, David; Hasking, Penelope; Kiekens, Glenn; Lee, Sue; Mclafferty, Margaret; et al. (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020)
The college years are stressful for many students. Identifying the sources of stress and their relative importance in leading to clinically significant emotional problems may assist in the development of targeted stress management interventions. The current report examines the distribution and associations of perceived stress across major life areas with 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders in a cross-national sample of first-year college students. The 20,842 respondents were from 24 universities in 9 countries that participated in the World Health Organization World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. Logistic regression analysis examined associations of current perceived stress in six life areas (financial situation, health, love life, relationships with family, relationships at work/school, problems experienced by loved ones) with six types of 12-month mental disorders (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder). Population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) were calculated to estimate the upper-bound potential effects of interventions focused on perceived stress in reducing prevalence of mental disorders. The majority of students (93.7%) reported at least some stress in at least one of the six areas. A significant dose-response association was found between extent of stress in each life area and increased odds of at least one of the six disorders. The multivariable models that included all stress measures were significant for all disorders (F = 20.6–70.6, p < 0.001). Interpretation of PARPs as representing causal effects of stresses on disorders suggests that up to 46.9–80.0% of 12-month disorder prevalence might be eliminated if stress prevention interventions were developed to block the associations of stress with these disorders.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-09-11
Keywords: anxiety disorders; college students; mental disorder; mood disorders; stress; substance use disorders

Soziale Beziehungen im Arbeitsleben: Warum sie so wichtig sind und wie man sie möglichst positiv gestaltet - Hommelhoff, Sabine (Report Psychologie, 2021)

Soziale Herkunft, Devianz und Delinquenz - Link, Eva; Uysal, Burcu (Devianz und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Ungleichheitsdimensionen und Risikofaktoren., 2016)

Soziale Kompetenz, Delinquenz und Substanzenkonsum bei Jugendlichen: Variablen- und personenbezogene Analysen des Zusammenhangs - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris; Bliesener, Thomas (Praxis der Rechtspsychologie, 2003)

Soziale Kompetenz für Kinder und Familien: Ergebnisse der Erlangen-Nürnberger Entwicklungs- und Präventionsstudie - Lösel, Friedrich; Beelmann, Andreas; Jaursch, Stefanie; Stemmler, Mark (2004)

Soziale Kontakte im Arbeitskontext – der Einfluss einer Eigenkündigung auf die soziale Partnerwahl am Arbeitsplatz - Müller, Teresa (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2014)

Sozialisation und Problemverhalten - Lösel, Friedrich; Weiss, Maren (Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung, 2015)

Soziotopanalyse und Soziotopanpassung an zwei Beratungsbeispielen - Harder, Bettina (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2016)

Soziotope als konstitutive Rahmenbedingungen der MINT-Foerderung von Maedchen und Frauen. Sociotopes ad constitutive framework conditions for promotion of girls and women in domains of mathematics, computer science, sciences, and technology - Ziegler, Albert; Reutlinger, Marold; Hering, Eva Marie (Maedchen und Frauen in MINT. Bedingungen von Geschlechtsunterschieden und Interventionsmoeglichkeiten., 2012)
Keywords: *Educational Programs; *Human Females; *Mathematics; *Participation; *Sciences; *Social Environments; 35]; Bildungsprogramme (focus); Computer Science; Computerwissenschaft; Curricula; Bildungsprogramme und Lehrmethoden [3530; Frauen (focus); Learning Environment; Lernumgebung; Mathematics Education; Mathematik (Wissenschaft) (focus); Mathematikunterricht; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht; Partizipation (focus); Science Education; Soziale Umwelt (focus); Technologie; Technology; Wissenschaften (focus)

Soziotope als konstitutive Rahmenbedingungen der MINT-Förderung von Mädchen und Frauen - Ziegler, Albert; Reutlinger, Marold; Hering, Eva Marie (Mädchen und Frauen in MINT : Bedingungen von Geschlechtsunterschieden und Interventionsmöglichkeiten, 2012)

Soziotope [Special Issue] - Stöger, Heidrun; Ziegler, Albert (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2016)

Spaces of possibilities: a theoretical analysis of mentoring from a regulatory perspective - Ziegler, Albert; Gryc, Katharina; Hopp, Manuel; Stoeger, Heidrun (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2020)
A review of the literature on the effectiveness of mentoring reveals a paradox: on the one hand, there is evidence that mentoring can be highly effective. On the other hand, meta-analyses usually only show small to moderate effect sizes, and sometimes even negative effects. To better understand this mentoring paradox, we discuss three fundamental problems in mentoring research. We propose working definitions and theoretical premises to overcome these problems. We apply various systemic concepts to the field of mentoring that might help to resolve the mentoring paradox. We introduce mentees' actiotopes and their interaction with other systems as the unit of analysis, and the regulations for which mentors are responsible for in the context of mentoring as the categories of analysis. To systemize and elaborate on the regulatory dimensions of mentoring, we introduce the nonagonal framework of regulation in mentoring (NFR-M). To facilitate the analysis of ongoing changes caused by mentoring and therefore a dynamic understanding of mentoring, we introduce the concept of spaces of possibilities in mentoring (M-spaces). Finally, we introduce the concepts of the Athena Mentor to explain why mentors can differ so dramatically in the effectiveness of the regulations they are responsible for in the context of mentoring. We conclude by describing how mentoring comparisons based on the NFR-M, mentors' regulatory insight, regulatory power, and M-spaces can help to resolve the mentoring paradox.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-07-24

Special Issue on Tree Based Methods for Regression and Classifications – Statistical Methods at the Interface of Graphics and Statistics - Stemmler, Mark; von Eye, Alexander (Pabst Science Publishers, 2019)
The editors of this Special Issue invited scholars to contribute new formal and statistical developments as well as interesting applications in the field of tree-based methods in psychological research. Among the many interesting properties of tree-based methods is that they enable researchers to investigate effects of multiple independent variables on one or several dependent variables without any restriction on level of measurement. The contributions included in this issue contain theoretical considerations, new methods for tree-based analysis, simulation studies, and sample analyses of interesting psychological data sets. Also included are software developments and applications (R packages such as confreq, rpart, dHISC and partykit). The reader will find articles that encompass classification and regression tree methods (CART), CHAID, and bootstrap regression tree methods. This special issue first presents a selection of new developments and theoretical contributions, and, second, a selection of applications of tree-based methods. Section I: Theory and Methods In the first manuscript of the theory and methods section, Michael P. van Wie, Xintong Li, and Wolfgang Wiedermann propose and discuss methods for the Identification of Confounded Subgroups Using Linear Model-Based Recursive Partitioning. The authors aim at detecting confounded subgroups in linear regression models by way of combining a confounder detection approach, based on kernel-based independence testing, with model-based recursive partitioning. The second article, contributed by Markus Fritsch, Harry Haupt, Friedrich Lösel, and Mark Stemmler, discusses Data science alternatives to ordinary least squares: Investigating the risk factors for corporal punishment with decision trees and random forests. The authors demonstrate that decision trees and random forests enable data-driven modeling. These methods are valuable tools in psychological research to gain new insights and to validate existing results. In an application, Fritsch and colleagues examine the behavior of father’s aggressiveness, dysfunctional parent-child interactions, and other risk factors for corporal punishment of children by their fathers. This article is followed by Analyzing Tree Structures with Configural Frequency Analysis and the R-package confreq by Mark Stemmler, Jörg Henrik-Heine and Susanne Wallner. This article describes the use of Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) for detecting a tree structure in data that was analyzed with the SPSS module Answer Tree. In addition, the application of the R package confreq is demonstrated. The data example is taken from a longitudinal study on deviant and delinquent behavior in juveniles. In the last article of the theory and methods section, it is entitled Log-linear and Configural Analysis of Tree Structures, Alexander von Eye, Wolfgang Wiedermann and Stefan von Weber propose two methods for the analysis of existing tree structures. These methods are log-linear modeling and Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA). In a data example, students’ decisions and life satisfaction are examined. Section II: Applications The first article of the application section is contributed by Cody Ding and Yuyang Zhao. The authors present on Using Tree-Based Regression to Examine Factors Related to Math Ability Among 15-Year Old Students to predict students’ mathematics ability, particularly subgroups of students who share characteristics that are associated with different levels of math ability. Based on PISA 2012 data from the United States and China, the authors used regression tree analysis to select the most salient predictors of math ability, and identify subgroups of 15-year-old students who were likely to be proficient in math ability. The second article of the application section, co-authored by Eun-Young Mun and Feng Geng is entitled Predicting Post-experiment Fatigue among Healthy Young Adults: Random Forest Regression Analysis. In this paper, a random forest regression analysis is used to predict post-experiment fatigue in a sample of 212 participants between the ages of 18 and 30 following a mildly stressful experiment. The random forest regression analysis is used together with a built-in cross-validation function. We hope that the readers will enjoy this Special Issu
Keywords: Tree-based regression

Specifying relations between fine motor skills and cognitive abilities: a cross-cultural study - Martzog, Philipp; Chen, Wei; Stöger, Heidrun; Shi, Jiannong; Ziegler, Albert (Talent development and excellence, 2012)

Sportpsychologie im Kinder- und Jugendfußball - Ziemainz, Heiko; Drescher, Amely; Ritter, Daniel; Poimann, Dino; Lochmann, Matthias (Spitta Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2016)
Keywords: Sportpsychologie; Kinderfußball; Jugendfußball; Fußball

„Sprung ins kalte Wasser“. Simulatorbasiertes Lernen in akutmedizinischen Bereichen - Breuer, Georg; Schweizer, Karin; Schüttler, Jürgen; Weiß, Marina; Vladut, Anamaria (Anaesthesist, 2014)

Stakeholders' views on online interventions to prevent common mental health disorders in adults implemented into existing healthcare systems in Europe - Kuso, Stefanie; Nitsch, Martina; Zeiler, Michael; Simek, Monika; Adamcik, Tanja; Dey, Michelle; Berger, Thomas; Krieger, Tobias; Weisel, Kiona; Zarski, Anna-Carlotta; Ebert, David; Schaub, Michael P.; et al. (European Journal of Public Health, 2021)
BACKGROUND: Online preventive interventions can help to reduce the incidence of mental disorders. Whereas knowledge on stakeholders' attitudes and factors relevant for successfully integrating online treatment into existing healthcare systems is available, knowledge is scarce for online prevention. METHODS: Stakeholders from Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Spain were surveyed. Potential facilitators/delivery staff (e.g. psychologists, psychotherapists) completed an online questionnaire (n = 183), policy makers (i.e. from the governing sector or health insurance providers) participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 16) and target groups/potential users of mental illness prevention (n = 49) participated in ten focus groups. Thematic analysis was used to identify their experiences with and attitudes and needs regarding online programmes to prevent mental disorders. Additionally, it was examined which groups they consider underserved and which factors they consider as fostering and hindering for reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance (cf. RE-AIM model) when integrating online prevention into existing healthcare systems. RESULTS: Main advantages of online mental illness prevention are perceived in low structural and psychological barriers. Lack of personal contact, security, privacy and trust concerns were discussed as disadvantages. Relevant needs are high usability and target group appropriateness, evidence for effectiveness and the use of motivational tools. CONCLUSIONS: Positive attitudes among stakeholders are the key for successful integration of online mental illness prevention into existing healthcare systems. Potential facilitators/delivery staff must receive training and support to implement these programmes; the programmes must be attractive and continuously evaluated, updated and promoted to ensure ongoing reach; and existing infrastructure and contextual factors must be considered.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-06

Standalone smartphone apps for mental health-a systematic review and meta-analysis - Weisel, Kiona; Fuhrmann, Lukas; Berking, Matthias; Baumeister, Harald; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David (npj Digital Medicine, 2019)
While smartphone usage is ubiquitous, and the app market for smartphone apps targeted at mental health is growing rapidly, the evidence of standalone apps for treating mental health symptoms is still unclear. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of standalone smartphone apps for mental health. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2018 on randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of standalone apps for mental health in adults with heightened symptom severity, compared to a control group. A random-effects model was employed. When insufficient comparisons were available, data was presented in a narrative synthesis. Outcomes included assessments of mental health disorder symptom severity specifically targeted at by the app. In total, 5945 records were identified and 165 full-text articles were screened for inclusion by two independent researchers. Nineteen trials with 3681 participants were included in the analysis: depression (k = 6), anxiety (k = 4), substance use (k = 5), self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (k = 4), PTSD (k = 2), and sleep problems (k = 2). Effects on depression (Hedges' g = 033, 95 %CI 0.10-0.57, P = 0.005, NNT = 5.43, I-2 = 59%) and on smoking behavior (g = 0.39, 95%CI 0.21-0.57, NNT = 4.59, P <= 0.001, I-2 = 0%) were significant. No significant pooled effects were found for anxiety, suicidal ideation, self-injury, or alcohol use (g=-0.14 to 0.18). Effect sizes for single trials ranged from g = -0.05 to 0.14 for PTSD and g = 0.72 to 0.84 for insomnia. Although some trials showed potential of apps targeting mental health symptoms, using smartphone apps as standalone psychological interventions cannot be recommended based on the current level of evidence.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-03

Standards for field evaluations of modifications to educational settings - Ziegler, Albert; Schimke, Diana; Stöger, Heidrun; Merrotsy, Peter (Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 2010)

Standpunkte der DGPs zum Studium zur Approbation in Psychotherapie. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Rief, Winfried (Psychologische Rundschau, 2016)
Vorgestellt werden die Standpunkte der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) zum Studium zur Approbation in Psychotherapie. Empfohlen wird ein multivalenter Bachelor-Studiengang und ein darauf aufbauendes viersemestriges Master-Studium in Psychologie mit Schwerpunkt Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Nach erfolgreichem Master-Abschluss erfolgt ein Staatsexamen, das zur Erteilung der Approbation führt. Die Approbation impliziert nicht die sozialrechtliche Zulassung, sondern ist von berufsrechtlicher Relevanz (z. B. im Hinblick auf eine dem akademischen Abschluss angemessene Vergütung). Anschließend folgt eine Weiterbildungsphase, deren Dauer und Inhalte noch zu präzisieren sind. Eingegangen wird auf die Ziele der Ausbildung, die Praxisausbildung während des Master-Studiums und die Anerkennungsvoraussetzungen von Ausbildungsstätten. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die (überschaubaren) Mehrkosten für die praxisbezogenen Lehrveranstaltungen durch zusätzliche Mittel finanziert werden müssen und es keine Umschichtungen zu Lasten anderer psychologischer Teildisziplinen geben soll.
Keywords: Psychotherapieausbildung; Klinisch-psychologische Ausbildung; Postgraduiertenausbildung; Berufliche Zulassung; Beruflicher Qualifikationserwerb; Psychologiestudium; Psychotherapie; Psychotherapeuten; Gesetze; Fachverbände; Deutschland

Stärke und Vorbedingungen von Motivanregungseffekten: Eine meta-analytische Bestandsaufnahme [Size and preconditions of motive arousal effects: A meta-analytic summary] - Heyd, Corinna; Schultheiss, Oliver; Köllner, Martin (39th Colloquium on Motivational Psychology, 2019)

Statistische Zwillinge/statistische Mehrlinge: Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie - Reutlinger, Marold (Dorsch - Lexikon der Psychologie, 2013)

Staying vigorous until work is over: The role of trait vigour, day-specific work experiences and recovery - Niessen, Cornelia; Sonnentag, Sabine (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2008)
Staying vigorous throughout the day is important for work-related behaviour, subjective well-being, and for effective functioning in the family domain. This study examined trait vigour (i.e. a person's general level of vigour), day-specific workload (time pressure, work hours), and recovery resulting from unwinding during leisure time as predictors of day-specific vigour as experienced at the end of the working day. Seventy-five individuals from service and public administration organizations completed one general survey and daily surveys two times per day for five working days. Trait vigour, demographic variables and control variables (e.g. job control, home workload) were assessed in the general survey. Day-specific level of vigour, day-specific workload, and day-specific recovery were measured in the daily survey. Analyses following a hierarchical linear modelling approach showed that trait vigour, day-specific workload and recovery accumulated during the preceding evenings predicted an individual's level of vigour at the end of the working day, after controlling for a range of other variables (gender, age, job control, and home workload). Trait vigour and accumulated recovery experiences interacted significantly to predict vigour at the end of the working day, indicating that individuals high on trait vigour benefit most from recovery experienced over the course of several days. © 2008 The British Psychological Society.

STEM education for the gifted in Germany - Ziegler, Albert; Händel, Marion (2013)

Stichworte “Begabung, Mehrkomponentenmodelle”, “Begabung, Moderatorenmodelle”, “Deliberate Practice”, “Hochbegabungsberatung”, “Landesweite Beratungs- und Forschungsstelle für Hochbegabung”, “Leistungsexzellenz”, “Projekt für die Untersuchung des Lernens in der Sekundarstufe (PULSS)”, “Testlinking” - Harder, Bettina (2013)

Stichwort Sozialpsychologie - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Wörterbuch der Soziologie, 2014)

Stimulation of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation by Psychosocial Stress - Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2014)

Stop Thinking: An Experience Sampling Study on Suppressing Distractive Thoughts at Work - Niessen, Cornelia; Göbel, Kyra; Lang, Jonas W.B.; Schmidt, Ute (Frontiers in Psychology, 2020)
In modern work environments, it can be difficult for workers to avoid becoming distracted from their current task. This study investigates person–situation interactions to predict thought control activities (kind of self-control), which aim to stop distracting thoughts that enter the mind. Specifically, it was examined (1) how challenging work demands (time pressure, task complexity) activate workers’ thought control to stop distractive thoughts (nlevel2 = 143) and relate to the effort to do so (nlevel2 = 91) in daily working life and (2) how these relationships differ according workers’ general cognitive ability to suppress unwanted thoughts. To understand these person–situation interactions, an experience sampling study was combined with a laboratory task assessing the ability to suppress unwanted thoughts (think/no-think task). Multilevel modeling revealed that workers’ engage more often and more intensively in thought control activities at a moderate level of time pressure but only when they had a higher general ability to suppress unwanted thoughts. For workers with a lower ability to suppress unwanted thoughts, increasing time pressure was negatively related to thought control activities, even at very low levels of time pressure. Thus, whether time pressure activates or hinders thought control depends on individuals’ ability to suppress distractive thoughts.<br

Störung des Sozialverhaltens und Delinquenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter - Weiss, Maren; Runkel, Daniela; Lösel, Friedrich (Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, 2012)

Störungen des Sozialverhaltens - Lösel, Friedrich; Runkel, Daniela (Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, 2009)

Straftäterbehandlung: Konzepte, Ergebnisse, Probleme - Lösel, Friedrich; Bender, Doris (Psychologie im Strafverfahren, 1998)

STRENGTH TRAINING FOR STRESS REDUCTION: THE ROLE OF BODY MINDFULNESS - Becker, Linda; Semmlinger, Lucas; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2020)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-08-14

Stress and Biological pathways of health and disease - Mommersteeg, Paula M.C.; Whittaker, Anna C.; Rohleder, Nicolas (Textbook of Applied Medical Psychology, 2022)

Stress and Inflammation: Role of Protective Factors - Rohleder, Nicolas (45. Jahrestagung Psychologie und Gehirn, 2019)

Stress and Inflammation - The Need to address the Gap in the Transition between Acute and Chronic Stress Effects - Rohleder, Nicolas (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019)

Stress development during emergency remote teaching in higher education - Obermeier, Ramona; Gläser-Zikuda, Michaela; Bedenlier, Svenja; Kammerl, Rudolf; Kopp, Bärbel; Ziegler, Albert; Händel, Marion (Learning and Individual Differences, 2022)
Higher education includes e-learning in addition to on-site learning. Still, the shift to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) as reaction to the Covid-19 pandemic in the summer semester 2020, presented a challenging situation for students. Cross-sectional studies pointed towards higher stress levels of students. However, only a few studies addressed the development of students' stress across several dimensions (joy, worry, tension, demands) within one semester. The current study analyzed trajectories of stress in ERT in relation to age, gender, digital readiness, and experience of loneliness, based on a sample of N = 2795 German students. Latent Growth Curve Models (LGCM) revealed a significant increase in demands, tension and worries and a decrease in joy during the summer term 2020. The development of tension and demands was influenced by age, gender, digital readiness, and loneliness. The decrease in joy and increase in worries could be primarily attributed to digital readiness and loneliness.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-07-15
Keywords: Digital readiness; Emergency remote teaching; Higher education; Perceived stress; Social embeddedness

Stress, Entzündung und Gesundheit - Rohleder, Nicolas (Mainzer Resilienz Gespräche, 2019)

Stress, Entzündung und Gesundheit – Untersuchungen im Feld - Rohleder, Nicolas (45. Jahrestagung Psychologie und Gehirn, 2019)

Stress, Health, and Salivary Markers of Inflammation: An Update and Opportunities for Future Research - Szabo, Yvette Z.; Slavish, Danica C.; Shields, Grant S.; Reed, Rebecca G.; Rohleder, Nicolas; Engeland, Christopher G. (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2020)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-08-14

Stress-induced changes in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in chronic fatigue syndrome - Gaab, Jens; Rohleder, Nicolas; Heitz, Vera; Engert, Veronika; Schad, Tanja; Schürmeyer, Thomas; Ehlert, Ulrike (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2005)

Stress-induced cortisol level elevations are associated with reduced negative affect after stress: Indications for a mood-buffering cortisol effect - Het, Serkan; Schoofs, Daniela; Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Oliver (Psychosomatic Medicine, 2012)

Stress management interventions for college students: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Amanvermez, Yagmur; Rahmadiana, Metta; Karyotaki, Eirini; de Wit, Leonore; Ebert, David; Kessler, Ronald C.; Cuijpers, Pim (Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 2020)
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of stress management interventions in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety among college students. Two separate meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were conducted using the random-effects model, for students with high-stress levels (n = 8) and for the unselected college student population (n = 46). Overall, main results showed moderate intervention effects for stress, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Subgroup analyses yielded significant differences related to the theoretical background, the type of control condition, and the length of the intervention in trials targeting students with high-stress levels. However, these subgroup differences, except for the theoretical background, were not observed in trials including unselected samples. Our results suggest that stress management interventions may be effective in reducing distress among college students.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-02
Keywords: college students; meta-analysis; stress management

Stress-Modulated Pathways - Rohleder, Nicolas (2021)
Stress is a condition or an experience that is pervasive throughout human life. While there are many definitions of stress, a common notion is that stress is processed in the central nervous system and has effects on health that are mediated by stress-modulated pathways. Several brain areas, such as the amygdala and the broader limbic system, are involved in interpreting situations as potentially stressful. The signals of these areas converge in the hypothalamus, which orchestrates peripheral stress-modulated pathways, mainly the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Health effects of stress are mediated by long-term alterations of basic stress system activity, which has downstream effects on pathophysiological pathways such as the inflammatory system.<br
Keywords: stress; HPA axis; autonomic nervous system; inflammation; C-reactive protein; Interleukin-6; neuroendocrine and autonomic systems

Stress, Non-Invasive Measures of Inflammation, and Health - From the Laboratory to the Field - Rohleder, Nicolas; Sturmbauer, Sarah; Becker, Linda (PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE, 2020)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-08-14

Stress on the dance floor: The cortisol stress response to social-evaluative threat in competitive ballroom dancers - Rohleder, Nicolas; Beulen, Silke; Chen, Edith; Wolf, Jutta; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Personality and social psychology bulletin, 2007)

Stress Pathways to Disease - Rohleder, N.; Rohleder, Nicolas (PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY, 2021)
Psychosocial stress is an important precursor of disease and reduced quality of life in humans. The biological pathways between stress exposure and pathophysiological processes underlying disease have received substantial attention, primarily focusing on the role of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). How activation of these stress systems translates into physiological disease, however, remain insufficiently understood. Recent research has therefore focused on systemic low-grade inflammation as a promising pathway, because (a) stress systems are known to affect the inflammatory system, (b) elevated inflammatory system activity often accompanies chronic psychosocial distress, and (c) inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type2 diabetes, and cancer. Data will be presented addressing different aspects of stress system control of inflammatory mechanisms in the context of chronic and acute psychosocial stress.<br
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-03-04

Streß-Resistenz im Multiproblem-Milieu. Sind seelisch widerstandsfähige Jugendliche "Superkids"? - Lösel, Friedrich; Kolip, Petra; Bender, Doris (Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 1992)
Die Bedeutung der neueren, entwicklungspsychopathologischen Forschung zur seelischen Widerstandsfähigkeit für die Gesundheitspsychologie im Jugendalter wird herausgestellt. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über Ergebnisse und Probleme einschlägiger Arbeiten wird eine Studie skizziert, in der insgesamt 148 Jugendliche aus Heimen der Jugendwohlfahrtspflege verglichen wurden, die bei jeweils ähnlich hoch belastetem Multiproblemmilieu entweder seelisch gesund geblieben ("Resiliente") oder gravierend auffällig geworden waren. Detaillierter wurden zudem 21 nach multiplen Kriterien der seelischen Gesundheit ausgewählte "Resiliente", 21 parallelisierten, wenig risikobelasteten Schülern im Alter zwischen 14 und 17 Jahren gegenübergestellt. Es zeigte sich, dass zwischen beiden Gruppen nur geringe Unterschiede bestanden, die mehr im Bereich der personalen und weniger der sozialen Schutzfaktoren lagen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass widerstandsfähige Jugendliche trotz widriger Bedingungen solche Schutzfaktoren aktualisieren können, die auch ansonsten mit seelischer Gesundheit einhergehen. Die Befunde werden im Hinblick auf ein Zusammenhangsmodell von Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren sowie auf Probleme der Kausalinterpretation diskutiert.
Keywords: Stressreaktionen; Entwicklung im Jugendalter; Risikogruppen; Psychologie im Gesundheitswesen; Wohneinrichtungen für Pflegebedürftige; Psychische Gesundheit; Jugendalter

Stress system regulation of chronic low-grade inflammation - Rohleder, Nicolas (Advances in Neuroimmune Biology, 2012)

Stronger hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis habituation predicts lesser sensitization of inflammatory response to repeated acute stress exposures in healthy young adults - Thoma, Myriam; Gianferante, Danielle; Hanlin, Luke; Fiksdal, Alexander; Xuejie, Chen; Rohleder, Nicolas (Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2017)

Structural Brain Changes in Emotion Recognition Across the Adult Lifespan - Karl, Valerie; Rohe, Tim (Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2023)
Emotion recognition (ER) declines with increasing age, yet little is known whether this observation bases on structural brain changes conveyed by differential atrophy. To investigate whether age-related ER decline correlates with reduced grey matter (GM) volume in emotion-related brain regions, we conducted a voxel-based morphometry analysis using data of the Human Connectome Project-Aging (N = 238, aged 36 - 87) in which facial ER was tested. We expected to find brain regions that show an additive or super-additive age-related change in GM volume indicating atrophic processes that reduce ER in older adults. The data did not support our hypotheses after correction for multiple comparisons. Exploratory analyses with a threshold of p < .001 (uncorrected), however, suggested that relationships between GM volume and age-related general ER may be widely distributed across the cortex. Yet, small effect sizes imply that only a small fraction of the decline of ER in older adults can be attributed to local GM volume changes in single voxels or their multivariate patterns.
Keywords: emotion recognition; aging; structural MRI; voxel-based morphometry

Strukturierte Risikoprognosen für Dissozialität bei Kindern: Ergebnisse zur prognostischen Gültigkeit des Cracow Instruments und einer daraus abgeleiteten Kurzskala - Wallner, Susanne; Lösel, Friedrich (47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2010)

Studentische E-Portfolios im Fokus selbstregulierten Lernens - Naujoks, Nick; Händel, Marion (Jahrestagung "Gesellschaftliche Transformation als Herausforderung für die empirische Bildungsforschung" des Zentralinstituts für Lehr-Lernforschung, 2018)
Keywords: selbstreguliertes Lernen; E-Portfolios; Studierende

Student perceptions of high-achieving classmates - Händel, Marion; Vialle, W; Ziegler, Albert (High ability studies, 2013)

Students' confidence in their performance judgements: a comparison of different response scales - Händel, Marion; Fritzsche, Eva (Educational Psychology, 2015)
We report results of two studies on metacognitive accuracy with undergraduate education students. Participating students were asked to judge their personal performance in a multiple-choice exam as well as to state their confidence in their performance judgement (second-order judgement [SOJ]). In each study, we compared four conditions that differed in the type of the presented 5-point confidence scale for SOJs. In Study 1, four bipolar scales with different labels were applied; in Study 2, unipolar and bipolar scales were implemented. The results of Study 1 with N = 420 students show that undergraduates on average provided accurate performance estimations. However, students were not aware of their judgement accuracy, shown by a low fit of SOJ and judgement accuracy. In addition, the type of provided scale significantly influenced the SOJs. Study 2 with N = 348 students replicated the findings of the first study and gave further insight into the effects of uni- vs. bipolar response scales.
Keywords: second-order judgements; response scales; undergraduates; metacognitive accuracy

Students' Emotions, Physiological Reactions, and Coping in Academic Exams - Kramer, Klaudia; Spangler, Gottfried; Pekrun, Reinhard; Hofmann, Hubert; et al. (Anxiety Stress and Coping, 2002)

Students’ motivation during experimental activities: An empirical study with GeoBoxes in Germany - Naujoks, Nick; Gölitz, Dietmar; Tellesch-Bülow, Christiane; Händel, Marion; Schubert, Jan Christoph (International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 2022)
This study investigates students’ motivation during experimentation in geography lessons by implementing a newly developed experimental kit on soils (GeoBox) in Germany. The study focuses on a first evaluation by means of a one-group pretest/posttest design. Fifth-grade students (N = 166) answered a questionnaire pertaining to regular geography lessons (pretest) and took part in eight lessons with GeoBox, followed by a questionnaire regarding the experimental learning phase (posttest). Upon comparison of pretest and posttest scores, the results showed significant intra-individual differences regarding activation and students’ motivation. Students valued GeoBox and expected to be successful at tasks that entailed use of the kit.<br
Keywords: inquiry; motivation; geoscience; experimental kit; multivariate analysis of variance

StudiCare -Results of Randomized-Controlled Trials Evaluating Online Interventions Delivered at German-Speaking Universities as Part of the WHO-WMH International College Student Initiative - Harrer, Mathias; Baumeister, Harald; Kählke, Fanny; Franke, Marvin; Kuechler, Ann-Marie; Ebert, David Daniel (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE, 2021)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-07-02

Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of online interpretation bias intervention on stress reactivity in the children of parents with depression: the CoCo study - Frommelt, Tonya; Bäumler, Leonie; Rohleder, Nicolas; Schulte-Körne, Gerd; Platt, Belinda (BMC Psychiatry, 2023)
Background: Current preventive interventions for the children of parents with depression demonstrate modest effects on depression incidence. This may be because existing interventions tend to comprise general psychotherapeutic tools, rather than targeting the specific mechanisms underlying familial transmission. Improved theoretical models of familial transmission could enhance the development of targeted interventions. Although existing models assume that cognitive and biological vulnerability factors influence one another, the precise mechanisms are unknown. This project is the first to experimentally test whether negative interpretation bias has an impact on cortisol response in children of parents with depression. This study protocol reports a randomised controlled trial of an interpretation bias intervention which aims to shift participants’ interpretation bias in a more positive direction and thereby alter their stress response. Methods: Children aged 10–14 years who have i) one parent with a current or previous depression diagnosis, with at least one episode occurring during the child’s lifetime and ii) do not have a current or previous psychiatric diagnosis themselves, will be assigned to one of two conditions: an interpretation bias intervention (n = 50) or a structurally similar placebo intervention (n = 50). The interpretation bias intervention consists of a short lab-based cognitive reappraisal of interpretations training, a four-week app-based Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations intervention and interpretation bias specific if–then plans. Interpretation bias will be assessed before and after the intervention using the Scrambled Sentences Task. The effect of the intervention on participants’ stress response will be assessed by salivary cortisol collected at five different time points: from immediately before until 45 min after administering the Trier Social Stressor Test for Children. Stress reactivity will be measured via baseline to peak cortisol and stress recovery will be measured via the 45 min cortisol marker. We hypothesise that children who participate in the interpretation bias intervention will display a positive shift in interpretation bias and this, in turn, will alter their stress response. Children who receive the placebo intervention are expected to show a smaller positive shift in interpretation bias and stress reactivity. Discussion: The findings of the present study will contribute to models of familial depression transmission as well as informing preventive interventions. If training a more positive interpretation bias subsequently alters participants’ stress response, then incorporating such tools may increase the efficacy of existing preventive interventions. Trial registration: Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien DRKS00028842. Registered August 19, 2022.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-06-09
Keywords: Adolescent; Cognitive behavioural therapy; Interpretation bias training intervention; Offspring; Paediatric; Parental depression; Preventive; Psychiatry; RCT

Subjektive elterliche Belastung als Indikator für Kindeswohlgefährdung - Spangler, Gottfried; Bovenschen, Ina; Globisch, Jutta; Krippl, Martin; Ast-Scheitenberger, Stephanie (Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 2009)
The Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI) is an evidence-based procedure for the assessment of the risk for child abuse in parents. In this study, a German translation of the CAPI was applied to a normal sample of German parents (N = 944). Descriptive analysis of the CAPI scores in the German provides findings comparable to the original standardization sample. The subjects' child abuse risk score was associated with demographic characteristics like education, marital status, occupation and gender. Long-term stability of the child abuse risk score and associations with individual differences in emotional regulation and attachment were in vestigated in a sub-sample of mothers with high and low child abuse risk scores (N = 69). The findings proved long-term stability. Furthermore associations between the child abuse risk score and anger dispositions were found which, however, were moderated by attachment differences. The findings suggest attachment security as a protective factor against child abuse. © Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG.

Successful Application of Adaptive Emotion Regulation Skills Predicts the Subsequent Reduction of Depressive Symptom Severity but neither the Reduction of Anxiety nor the Reduction of General Distress during the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder - Wirtz, Carolin Maria; Radkovsky, Anna; Ebert, David; Berking, Matthias (PLoS ONE, 2014)
Conclusions: Although general ER skills might be relevant for a broad range of psychopathological symptoms, they might be particularly important for the maintenance and treatment of depressive symptoms.

Successful Emotion Regulation Skills Application Predicts Subsequent Reduction of Symptom Severity During Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder - Radkovsky, Anna; Mcardle, John J.; Bockting, Claudi L. H.; Berking, Matthias (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2014)
Objective: Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) skills are considered a putative maintaining factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) and hence a promising target in the treatment of MDD. However, to date, the association between the successful application of arguably adaptive ER skills and changes in depressive symptom severity (DSS) has yet to be investigated over the course of treatment. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to clarify reciprocal prospective associations between successful ER skills application and DSS over the course of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for MDD. Additionally, we explored whether such associations would differ across specific ER skills. Method: We assessed successful ER skills application and DSS 4 times during the first 3 weeks of treatment in 152 inpatients (62.5% women, average age 45.6 years) meeting criteria for MDD. We first tested whether successful skills application and depression were cross-sectionally associated by computing Pearson's correlations. Then, we utilized latent curve modeling to test whether changes in successful skills application were negatively associated with changes in DSS during treatment. Finally, we used latent change score models to clarify whether successful skills application would predict subsequent reduction of DSS. Results: Cross-sectionally, successful ER skills application was associated with lower levels of DSS at all assessment times, and an increase of successful skills application during treatment was associated with a decrease of DSS. Moreover, successful overall ER skills application predicted subsequent changes in DSS (but not vice versa). Finally, strength of associations between successful application and DSS differed across specific ER skills. Among a broad range of potentially adaptive skills, only the abilities to tolerate negative emotions and to actively modify undesired emotions were significantly associated with subsequent improvement in DSS. Conclusions: Systematically enhancing health-relevant ER skills with specific interventions may help reduce DSS in patients suffering from MDD.
Keywords: emotion regulation; skills; depression; treatment; latent change score model

Successful in Science Education and Still Popular: A pattern that is possible in China rather than in Germany or Russia - Händel, Marion; Duan, X; Sutherland, Margaret; Ziegler, Albert (International journal of science education, 2014)
Across several countries, science is often regarded as unpopular and a male-dominated domain. Furthermore, the number of students who are interested in science education or intend to work in the field of science is relatively low. This might be due to expectations adolescents hold towards science and successful scientists. The current cross-national study investigates the expectations of students in relation to highly achieving peers in science education in the three countries China, Germany and Russia (N=420). Students were asked to indicate their expectations about two fictitious new classmates with respect to three categories: intelligence, social competence and eagerness. Besides national differences, differences concerning the gender of the participating students, the gender of the target students (fictitious highly achieving students in science education) and interaction effects were investigated. Whereas the effects of gender and target gender are inconsistent and negligible, there are significant national differences. Notably, Chinese students hold the most positive expectations about successful peers in science education. The results are discussed with regard to possible explanations and educational consequences.
Keywords: Attitudes; Gender-related; Science; Technology; Society

Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among First-Year College Students: Results From the WMH-ICS Project - Mortier, Philippe; Auerbach, Randy P.; Alonso, Jordi; Bantjes, Jason; Benjet, Corina; Cuijpers, Pim; Ebert, David; Green, Jennifer Greif; Hasking, Penelope; Nock, Matthew K.; O'Neill, Siobhan; Pinder-Amaker, Stephanie; et al. (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018)
Objective: College entrance may be a strategically well-placed “point of capture” for detecting late adolescents with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). However, a clear epidemiological picture of STB among incoming college students is lacking. We present the first cross-national data on prevalence as well as socio-demographic and college-related correlates for STB among first-year college students. Method: Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students (response rate 45.5%) across 19 colleges in 8 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, and the United States). Results: Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts was 32.7%, 17.5%, and 4.3%, respectively. The 12-month prevalence was 17.2%, 8.8%, and 1.0%, respectively. About three-fourths of STB cases had onset before the age of 16 years (Q3 = 15.8), with persistence figures in the range of 41% to 53%. About one-half (53.4%) of lifetime ideators transitioned to a suicide plan; 22.1% of lifetime planners transitioned to an attempt. Attempts among lifetime ideators without plan were less frequent (3.1%). Significant correlates of lifetime STB were cross-nationally consistent and generally modest in effect size (median adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7). Nonheterosexual orientation (aOR range 3.3−7.9) and heterosexual orientation with some same-sex attraction (aOR range 1.9−2.3) were the strongest correlates of STB, and of transitioning from ideation to plans and/or attempts (aOR range 1.6−6.1). Conclusion: The distribution of STB in first-year students is widespread, and relatively independent of socio-demographic risk profile. Multivariate risk algorithms based on a high number of risk factors are indicated to efficiently link high-risk status with effective preventive interventions.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up

Suitability of saliva stimulants for valid assessment of steroid hormones via radioimmunoassay - Dlugash, Gelena; Schultheiss, Oliver (Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2021)
Salivary steroid measurement is a popular way to assess endocrine hormone levels, but efficient sample collection can be challenging because the use of stimulants can interfere with valid measurement. The aim of this study was therefore to identify a stimulant that can be used in assessment of the steroid hormones cortisol (C), testosterone (T), progesterone (P) and estradiol (E2) without impairing their quantification by radioimmunoassay. Study 1 and 2 explored the suitability of potential stimulants in comparison to unstimulated saliva collection. Study 3 tested stimulants under standardized conditions in water. Across all three studies, Parafilm® wax foil performed best and was therefore tested once more and validated as a saliva stimulant in Study 4. No significant differences between unstimulated saliva and Parafilm®-stimulated saliva could be found for any of the four hormones assayed. Therefore, Parafilm® appears to be a suitable saliva flow stimulant for assaying the salivary steroid hormones C, T, P and E2 by radioimmunoassay.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-03-12
Keywords: Radioimmunoassay; Saliva stimulant; Steroid hormones

Surprisingly honest: How responses to criticism affect the social perception of politicians - Methner, Nicole; Bruckmüller, Susanne; Steffens, Melanie (19th ESCON Transfer of Knowledge Conference, 2017)

Sustained effects of neurofeedback in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Van Doren, Jessica; Arns, Martijn; Heinrich, Hartmut; Vollebregt, Madelon A.; Strehl, Ute; K. Loo, Sandra (European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018)
Neurofeedback (NF) has gained increasing interest in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given learning principles underlie NF, lasting clinical treatment effects may be expected. This systematic review and meta-analysis addresses the sustainability of neurofeedback and control treatment effects by considering randomized controlled studies that conducted follow-up (FU; 2-12 months) assessments among children with ADHD. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched through November 2017. Within-group and between-group standardized mean differences (SMD) of parent behavior ratings were calculated and analyzed. Ten studies met inclusion criteria (NF: ten studies, N = 256; control: nine studies, N = 250). Within-group NF effects on inattention were of medium effect size (ES) (SMD = 0.64) at post-treatment and increased to a large ES (SMD = 0.80) at FU. Regarding hyperactivity/impulsivity, NF ES were medium at post-treatment (SMD = 0.50) and FU (SMD = 0.61). Non-active control conditions yielded a small significant ES on inattention at post-treatment (SMD = 0.28) but no significant ES at FU. Active treatments (mainly methylphenidate), had large ES for inattention (post: SMD = 1.08; FU: SMD = 1.06) and medium ES for hyperactivity/impulsivity (post: SMD = 0.74; FU: SMD = 0.67). Between-group analyses also revealed an advantage of NF over non-active controls [inattention (post: SMD = 0.38; FU: SMD = 0.57); hyperactivity-impulsivity (post: SMD = 0.25; FU: SMD = 0.39)], and favored active controls for inattention only at pre-post (SMD = - 0.44). Compared to non-active control treatments, NF appears to have more durable treatment effects, for at least 6 months following treatment. More studies are needed for a properly powered comparison of follow-up effects between NF and active treatments and to further control for non-specific effects.
EVALuna2:36374

Synchronous and time-lagged effects between occupational self-efficacy and objective and subjective career success: Findings from a four-wave and 9-year longitudinal study. - Spurk, Daniel; Abele, Andrea E. (Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2014)
We integrated research on the dimensionality of career success into social-cognitive career theory and explored the positive feedback loop between occupational self-efficacy and objective and subjective career success over time (self-efficacy → objective success → subjective success → self-efficacy). Furthermore, we theoretically accounted for synchronous and time-lagged effects, as well as indirect reciprocity between the variables. We tested the proposed model by means of longitudinal structural equation modeling in a 9-year four-wave panel design, by applying a model comparison approach and indirect effect analyses (N = 608 professionals). The findings supported the proposed positive feedback loop between occupational self-efficacy and career success. Supporting our time-based reasoning, the findings showed that unfolding effects between occupational self-efficacy and objective career success take more time (i.e., time-lagged or over time) than unfolding effects between objective and subjective career success, as well as between subjective career success and occupational self-efficacy (i.e., synchronous or concurrently). Indirect effects of past on future occupational self-efficacy via objective and subjective career success were significant, providing support for an indirect reciprocity model. Results are discussed with respect to extensions of social-cognitive career theory and occupational self-efficacy development over time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Selbstwirksamkeit; Beruflicher Erfolg; Arbeitnehmereinstellungen; Selbsteinschätzung; Berufliche Entwicklung; Erwachsenenalter; Deutschland

Systemic gifted education. A theoretical introduction - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun (Gifted child quarterly, 2017)

Systemic gifted education - Ziegler, Albert; Stöger, Heidrun; Balestrini, Daniel Patrick; Phillipson, Shane N; Phillipson, Sivanes (The handbook of secondary gifted education, 2014)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2014.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.system

Systemische Förderung - Ein Fallbeispiel - Grassinger, Robert; Harder, Bettina (Journal für Begabtenförderung, 2009)

Systemische Mädchenförderung in MINT: Das Beispiel CyberMentor - Ziegler, Albert; Schirner, Sigrun; Schimke, Diana; Stöger, Heidrun (Bildungsprozesse im MINT-Bereich : Interesse, Partizipation und Leistungen von Mädchen und Jungen, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.phil.dps.ipsy1.lpsych_2.system

Tabakprävention und Frühintervention bei Jugendlichen - Thrul, Johannes Erich (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013)

Tailored implementation of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in the multinational context of the ImpleMentAll project: a study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial - Bührmann, Leah; Schuurmans, Josien; Ruwaard, Jeroen; Fleuren, Margot; Etzelmüller, Anne; Piera-Jiménez, Jordi; Finch, Tracy; Rapley, Tim; Potthoff, Sebastian; Aouizerate, Bruno; Batterham, Philip J.; Calear, Alison; et al. (Trials, 2020)
BACKGROUND: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) is found effective in treating common mental disorders. However, the use of these interventions in routine care is limited. The international ImpleMentAll study is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. It is concerned with studying and improving methods for implementing evidence-based iCBT services for common mental disorders in routine mental health care. A digitally accessible implementation toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) will be introduced to mental health care organizations with the aim to facilitate the ongoing implementation of iCBT services within local contexts. This study investigates the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit by comparing it to implementation-as-usual activities. METHODS: A stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (SWT) design will be applied. Over a trial period of 30 months, the ItFits-toolkit will be introduced sequentially in twelve routine mental health care organizations in primary and specialist care across nine countries in Europe and Australia. Repeated measures are applied to assess change over time in the outcome variables. The effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit will be assessed in terms of the degree of normalization of the use of the iCBT services. Several exploratory outcomes including uptake of the iCBT services will be measured to feed the interpretation of the primary outcome. Data will be collected via a centralized data collection system and analysed using generalized linear mixed modelling. A qualitative process evaluation of routine implementation activities and the use of the ItFits-toolkit will be conducted within this study. DISCUSSION: The ImpleMentAll study is a large-scale international research project designed to study the effectiveness of tailored implementation. Using a SWT design that allows to examine change over time, this study will investigate the effect of tailored implementation on the normalization of the use of iCBT services and their uptake. It will provide a better understanding of the process and methods of tailoring implementation strategies. If found effective, the ItFits-toolkit will be made accessible for mental health care service providers, to help them overcome their context-specific implementation challenges. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883 . Retrospectively registered on 29 August 2018.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-11-13
Keywords: Determinants of practice; eHealth; iCBT; Implementation strategies; Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; Mental health; Normalization; Stepped wedge trial design; SWT; Tailored implementation

Talent denied: Equity and excellence gaps in STEMM - Ziegler, Albert; Stoeger, Heidrun (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2023)
In principle, there could be STEMM talent everywhere if there were sufficient and adequate opportunities and learning resources everywhere. The reality, however, is that the likelihood of developing one's talent in STEMM is tied to membership in social groups. In this contribution, we explore the implications of this statement with multiple examples for different social groups and for different stages of talent development. We propose an educational framework model for analyzing equity gaps in STEMM talent development that identifies and systematizes the unequal and inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities as the proximal cause of the emergence of such equity gaps. Furthermore, we discuss important aspects for closing equity gaps in STEMM talent development. We argue that-similar to public health approaches-the focus in establishing equity in STEMM talent development should be on prevention rather than intervention. We discuss the importance of the cooperation of societal subsystems and argue for the use of adequate methods of disparity detection for creating equal opportunities. We also outline why preventive strategies are crucial for the creation of resource parity and explain why outcome standards should be considered obligatory.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-29
Keywords: educational capital; equity gap; learning capital; STEMM; talent denied; talent development; underserved groups

Talent development and excellence - Stöger, Heidrun; Aljughaiman, Abdullah; Harder, Bettina (Lit, 2012)

Talent development and excellence - Stöger, Heidrun; Aljughaiman, Abdullah; Harder, Bettina (Talent development and excellence, 2012)

Talent development as adaption: The role of educational and learning capital - Ziegler, Albert; Baker, Joseph (Exceptionality in East Asia : explorations in the actiotope model of giftedness, 2013)

Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status - Murphy, Michael L M; Slavich, George M; Rohleder, Nicolas; Miller, Gregory E (Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 2013)

Teachers' emotion regulation skills facilitate implementation of health-related intentions - Eckert, Marcus; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Sieland, Bernhard; Jazaieri, Hooria; Berking, Matthias (American Journal of Health Behavior, 2015)
Objectives: Many teachers report high levels of job-related stress. Successful outcomes in stress-management trainings depend on participants actively engaging in skill-building exercises. However, despite good intentions to engage in such exercises on a regular basis, many participants ultimately fail to do so. The present study seeks to understand whether general emotion regulation (ER) skills moderate the relation between the intention to engage in skill-building exercises and actually engaging in these exercises. Methods: ER skills, the intention to engage in autonomous skill-building exercises, and the extent to which individuals actually engaged in such exercises were assessed in a sample of 119 teachers participating in stress-management training. Results: ER skills significantly moderated the association between the intention and engagement in skill-building practice. The greater the ER skills, the more coupled was the relation between the intention and actual practices. Conclusion: Findings are consistent with the hypotheses. Thus, skill-building trainings should support participants scoring low in ER skills in effectively coping with aversive affective states cued through skill-building exercises.
Keywords: Adaptively cope with stress; Emotion regulation; Engaging in health-related intention; Health-behavior; Intention-behaviorgap; Stress-management training

Teaching Ethics as a Creative Subject: Ideas From an Interdisciplinary Workshop - Haliburton, Luke; Heimerl, Alexander; Böhme, Stephanie; André, Elisabeth; Schmidt, Albrecht (IEEE Pervasive Computing, 2021)
Keywords: Pervasive computing; Ethics; Education

Teaching & learning guide for: Asymmetric explanations of group differences: Experimental evidence of Foucault’s disciplinary power - Hegarty, Peter; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Social and personality psychology compass, 2013)

Telephone coaching for the prevention of depression in depression in farmers: Results from a pragmatic from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial - Thielecke, Janika; Buntrock, Claudia; Titzler, Ingrid; Braun, Lina; Freund, Johanna; Berking, Matthias; Baumeister, Harald; Ebert, David D. (Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 2022)
Introduction Farmers have a high risk for depression (MDD). Preventive measures targeting this often remotely living population might reduce depression burden. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized telephone coaching in reducing depressive symptom severity and preventing MDD in farmers compared to enhanced treatment as usual (TAU + ). Methods In a two-armed, pragmatic randomized controlled trial (N = 314) with post-treatment at 6 months, farming entrepreneurs, collaborating family members and pensioners with elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 >= 5) were randomized to personalized telephone coaching or TAU + . The coaching was provided by psychologists and consists on average of 13 (+/- 7) sessions a 48 min (+/- 15) over 6 months. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (QIDS-SR16). Results Coaching participants showed a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptom severity compared to TAU + (d = 0.39). Whereas reliable symptom deterioration was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to TAU + , no significant group differences were found for reliable improvement and in depression onset. Further significant effects in favor of the intervention group were found for stress (d = 0.34), anxiety (d = 0.30), somatic symptoms (d = 0.39), burnout risk (d = 0.24-0.40) and quality of life (d = 0.28). Discussion Limiting, we did not apply an upper cutoff score for depressive symptom severity or controlled for previous MDD episodes, leaving open whether the coaching was recurrence/relapse prevention or early treatment. Nevertheless, personalized telephone coaching can effectively improve mental health in farmers. It could play an important role in intervening at an early stage of mental health problems and reducing disease burden related to MDD.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-01

Testing a machine-learning algorithm to predict the persistence and severity of major depressive disorder from baseline self-reports - Kessler, Ronald C.; De Jonge, Peter; Brenner, Lisa A.; Bossarte, Robert M.; Wardenaar, Klaas J.; van Loo, Hanna M.; Cai, Tianxi; Wilcox, Marsha A.; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Petukhova, Maria V.; Rosellini, Anthony J.; Sampson, Nancy A.; et al. (Molecular Psychiatry, 2016)
Heterogeneity of major depressive disorder (MDD) illness course complicates clinical decision-making. Although efforts to use symptom profiles or biomarkers to develop clinically useful prognostic subtypes have had limited success, a recent report showed that machine-learning (ML) models developed from self-reports about incident episode characteristics and comorbidities among respondents with lifetime MDD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys predicted MDD persistence, chronicity and severity with good accuracy. We report results of model validation in an independent prospective national household sample of 1056 respondents with lifetime MDD at baseline. The WMH ML models were applied to these baseline data to generate predicted outcome scores that were compared with observed scores assessed 10-12 years after baseline. ML model prediction accuracy was also compared with that of conventional logistic regression models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve based on ML (0.63 for high chronicity and 0.71-0.76 for the other prospective outcomes) was consistently higher than for the logistic models (0.62-0.70) despite the latter models including more predictors. A total of 34.6-38.1% of respondents with subsequent high persistence chronicity and 40.8-55.8% with the severity indicators were in the top 20% of the baseline ML-predicted risk distribution, while only 0.9% of respondents with subsequent hospitalizations and 1.5% with suicide attempts were in the lowest 20% of the ML-predicted risk distribution. These results confirm that clinically useful MDD risk-stratification models can be generated from baseline patient self-reports and that ML methods improve on conventional methods in developing such models.

Testing Effekt hoch zwei: Effekte auf Prüfungsleistung und metakognitive Überwachung (Einzelvortrag) - Naujoks, Nick; Harder, Bettina; Händel, Marion (Gemeinsame Tagung der DGPs-Fachgruppen Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie (paEpsy), 2019)

Testing pays off twice: Potentials of practice tests and feedback regarding exam performance and judgment accuracy - Naujoks, Nick; Harder, Bettina; Händel, Marion (Metacognition and Learning, 2022)
Two studies investigated the testing effects on performance and on metacognitive judgment accuracy in authentic learning settings. Across two educational psychology courses, undergraduate students had the opportunity to voluntarily participate in four different practice tests during the term—without feedback in Study 1 (N = 201 students) or with individual corrective feedback in Study 2 (N = 111 students). Across studies in real classroom settings with and without feedback, regression analyses indicated that a higher number of taken practice tests were related to higher performance in the final course exam and to two scores of metacognitive judgment accuracy (absolute accuracy and sensitivity). However, students’ preparation and post-processing practice tests, their perceived usefulness of tests for monitoring one’s performance, and metacognitive specificity differed depending on whether students received feedback or not. Overall, the studies convey considerable evidence on how participation in practice tests is related not only to performance but also to monitoring accuracy in authentic learning settings.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-25
Keywords: Feedback; Metacognitive judgments; Performance; Testing

Testing the statistical association between family names and success in certain athletic disciplines in men called ‘Smith’ or ‘Tailor’ - Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Bäumler, Günther (Psychology Science, 2003)
In respect to the medieval practice of giving surnames based on ones profession and based on the hereditary transmission from generation to generation, Bäumler (1980) suggested a genetic-social theory of assortative distribution of traits of body build such as height, weight, and stature in a population of men called ‘Smith’ (German: Schmied) and ‘Tailor’ (German: Schneider). From this theory the hypothesis was deduced that among the top ranking athletes of the ‘heavy weight’ branches of athletics, which require body strength and body height, there are relatively more persons that go by the name of Schmied than in the ‘light weight’ branches of athletics, which are more stamina demanding, where more persons go by the name of Schneider. At the same time, complementary hypotheses assuming less Schneiders among the heavy weight branches than expected and less Schmieds among the light branches of athletics than expected under the null hypothesis of no statistical association were also tested. All hypotheses were empirically supported by applying the data of two independent samples.
Keywords: Analysis of contingency tables; configural frequency analysis (CFA); chi-square decomposition; biprediction; Kimball test; genetic-social theory; heredity; surnames; track-and-field athletics; body build

Testosterone and power - Schultheiss, Oliver; Stanton, Steven J. (Encyclopedia of power, 2011)

Testosterone is positively associated with risk taking in the Iowa Gambling Task - Schultheiss, Oliver; Stanton, Steven J.; Liening, Scott H. (Hormones and Behavior, 2011)
The association between testosterone and economic risk is not well-understood and is understudied. The present study aimed to further characterize what if any relationship testosterone has with risky economic decisions. To do so, 154 participants (78 men) completed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) (Bechara et al., 1994) and also provided saliva samples, which were assayed for endogenous testosterone levels using radioimmunoassay. High-levels of endogenous testosterone were associated with choosing less frequently from advantageous IGT decks of cards, indicating greater risk taking. The data showed that the effects of testosterone on IGT performance were similar for men and women. High-testosterone women and high-testosterone men made riskier choices than their low-testosterone counterparts of the same sex, and this effect was pronounced in women. Thus, high levels of testosterone are associated with willingness to incurgreater risk in both sexes.
Keywords: Salivary testosterone; Hormones; Decision making; Neuroeconomics; Risk taking; Reward; Punishment; Iowa Gambling Task; Gender

The 6-month effectiveness of Internet-based guided self-help for depression in adults with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus - Ebert, David; Nobis, S.; Lehr, D.; Baumeister, H.; Riper, H.; Auerbach, R. P.; Snoek, F.; Cuijpers, P.; Berking, Matthias (Diabetic Medicine, 2017)
Conclusions The trial indicates that Internet-based guided self-help treatments for depression in people with diabetes can have sustained effects on depressive symptoms, well-being and emotional distress associated with diabetes.

The actiotope model of giftedness: a short introduction to some central theoretical assumptions - Ziegler, Albert; Vialle, W; Wimmer, Bastian (Exceptionality in East Asia : explorations in the actiotope model of giftedness, 2012)

The affective response to health-related information and its relationship to health anxiety: An ambulatory approach - Jasper, Fabian; Hiller, Wolfgang; Berking, Matthias; Rommel, Timo; Witthofft, Michael (Cognition & Emotion, 2015)
Affective reactions to health-related information play a central role in health anxiety. Therefore, using ambulatory assessment, we analysed the time course of negative affect in a control group (CG, n = 60) which only rated their negative affect and an experimental group (EG, n = 97) which also rated the presence of somatic symptoms (e.g., back pain). By means of mixed regression models, we observed a decline of negative affect following the symptom self-ratings in the EG and a stable affect in the CG. The decline of negative affect was not moderated by the degree of health anxiety. Our findings might indicate that evaluating one's health status leads to a general reduction of negative affect in healthy individuals. The results of the study are in line with a bidirectional symptom perception model and underline the crucial role of affect regulation in the processing of health-related information.
Keywords: Negative affect; Somatic symptoms; Health behavior; Emotions; Anxiety; Self-perception

The Affect Regulation Training (ART): A Transdiagnostic Approach to the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorders - Berking, Matthias; Lukas, Christian (Current Opinion in Psychology, 2015)

The affect regulation Training - Berking, Matthias; Schwarz, Jeanine (Handbook of emotion regulation, 2014)

The Agency - Communion Framework. - Abele-Brehm, Andrea; Wojciszke, Bogdan (Routledge, 2018)

The Alzheimer’s Disease Activities of Daily Living International Scale (ADL-IS) - Reisberg, Barry; Finkel, Sanford; Overall, John; Schmidt-Gollas, Norbert; Kanowski, Siegfried; Lehfeld, Hartmut; Hulla, Franz; Sclan, Steven G.; Wilms, Hans-Ulrich; Heininger, Kurt; Hindmarch, Ian; Stemmler, Mark; et al. (International Psychogeriatrics, 2001)
Background: Activities of daily living (ADL) deficits are integral components of dementia disorders, and ADL measures are among the most robust markers of the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this acknowledged importance, no clearly useful ADL instrument for cross-cultural application in pharmacologic trials in the early stages of AD had been available. Method: An international effort was launched to develop an ADL scale for pharmacologic trials in early AD. Steps taken from 1990 to the present included: (1) international scientific working group meetings and reviews, (2) reviews of existing measures, (3) collating of existent, nonredundant items, (4) querying experts for new items, (5) interviews with informants and subjects in the USA, France, and Germany, toward the identification of potential new items, (6) identification of an item pool based upon these procedures, (7) creation of a trial instrument, (8) piloting of this instrument, and (9) refinement of the scale based upon statistical analysis of the pilot data. Final item selection was based upon: (1) relevance for [greater-than-or-equal] 80% of subjects in severity-stratified USA and German samples; (2) absence of gender and national biases; (3) significant (p < .05) discrimination between (a) normal versus mildly impaired and (b) mildly impaired versus moderately to moderately severely impaired subjects; and (4) Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) scores accounting for [greater-than-or-equal] 12% of variance in the item after controlling for age and gender. Results: An ADL scale consisting of 40 items that correlate with the global and cognitive progress of AD is developed for international usage in pharmacologic trials in incipient, mild, moderate, and moderately severe AD. The scale contains 40 items falling within 13 ADL categories. The 40-item scale is shown to have .81 correlation with GDS staging,.81 with mental status assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination), and .81 with a psychometric test (the SKT) (p values < .001). Conclusion: This scale can be used to measure therapeutic response in AD.

The Application of Psychological Assessment Methods in Sport Psychology in Germany - Ziemainz, Heiko; Neumann, Gabriele; Rasche, Friederike; Gelius, Peter; Stemmler, Mark (Sport science review, 2009)

The Application of the SKT Short Cognitive Performance Test to English-Speaking Populations - Stemmler, Mark; Schneider, Sophia; Poon, Leonard (Psych, 2021)
The SKT (Syndrom-Kurz-Test) is a well-established short cognitive performance test for the detection of attention and memory deficits in Germany. The goal of this paper is to test whether the SKT could be applied to English-speaking populations to screen cognitive impairments in the US, Australia, and Ireland. A regression-based continuous norming technique was applied. Standardized test results obtained from German-speaking (n = 1056) and English-speaking (n = 285) samples were compared. Both samples consisted of cognitively unimpaired, community-dwelling, and independently living volunteers (non-patients) over 60 years of age. Means, medians, and standard deviations of raw scores were calculated. A high similarity in the raw value distributions of the criterion variables and a comparison of German and English multiple regression residuals indicated the equivalence among the samples. In addition, the obtained multiple regression equations for predicting the subtest scores including the explained variances (R2) were highly comparable. Age and intelligence turned out to be the most important and necessary predictors for each subtest performance. The results suggest that the new regression-based norming of the SKT can be validly used in the three English-speaking countries.
Keywords: neuropsychology; culture fair test; regression-based continuous norming; processing speed

The assessment of successful emotion regulation skills use: Development and validation of an English version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire - Grant, Michaela; Salsman, Nicholas; Berking, Matthias (PLoS ONE, 2018)

The association between Adult Attachment and Genetic Markers - Reiner, Iris; Spangler, Gottfried (Attachment and Human Development, 2010)

The association between prenatal alcohol consumption and preschool child stress system disturbance - Grimm, Jennifer; Stemmler, Mark; Golub, Yulia; Schwenke, Eva; Goecke, Tamme W.; Fasching, Peter; Beckmann, Matthias; Kratz, Oliver; Moll, Gunther; Kornhuber, Johannes; Eichler, Anna (Developmental Psychobiology, 2021)
Background: Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is considered a risk factor for child development; however, child biomarkers of prenatal alcohol exposure have been rarely studied. We examined whether a meconium alcohol metabolite (ethyl glucuronide, EtG) was associated with child cortisol concentrations at primary school age. Methods: For 137 children, prenatal alcohol exposure was operationalized by the meconium biomarker EtG and by maternal self-reports during pregnancy. Two EtG cut-offs (EtG ≥10 ng/g and EtG ≥112 ng/g) were applied. Cortisol concentrations were measured in saliva and hair samples. Results: Children with EtG ≥10 ng/g showed significantly reduced hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) (p =.050, (Formula presented.) = 0.042). For children with EtG ≥112 ng/g, the cortisol awakening response (CAR) was significantly decreased (p =.025, (Formula presented.) = 0.070). These effects were also present in correlational analyses with continuous EtG data, speaking for partly dose-dependent effects. Especially, within the EtG ≥112 ng/g group, the basal (CAR: rp = −.642, p =.120) and cumulative (HCC: rp = −.660, p =.107) cortisol parameters were associated with child emotional symptoms at medium effect size. Conclusions: The present study showed both the biological association of intrauterine alcohol exposure with the cortisol stress system, partly dose-dependent, and the functional association with emotional and behavioral symptoms.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-16
Keywords: alcohol; biomarker; child; cortisol stress system; ethyl glucuronide; hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis; intrauterine alcohol exposure; meconium; pregnancy

The association of prenatal attachment and perinatal factors with pre- and postpartum depression in first-time mothers - Goecke, T.; Voigt, F.; Faschingbauer, F.; Spangler, Gottfried; Beckmann, Matthias; Beetz, Andrea (Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012)
Purpose: This prospective study investigated associations between prenatal attachment of adult first-time mothers to the unborn child, perinatal factors and levels of depression before and up to 18 months after delivery. Method: Primiparas (N = 161) without specific risk factors answered the following questionnaires during the last term of pregnancy (t1): Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS), questionnaire on the schema of the unborn child, and a questionnaire about the pregnancy. Perinatal data were taken from the patients' files. The EPDS was answered 3 weeks (t2, N = 157), 6 months (t3, N = 159), and 18 months (t4, N = 132) postpartum. Results: During pregnancy, 16.9 % of the women indicated mild depressive symptoms, and 7.5 %, medium to severe symptoms of depression. Mild symptoms of depression were found in 25.5 % at t2, 10.1 % at t3, and 12.2 % at t4; medium to severe symptoms were reported by 7.6, 1.9 and 5.6 %, respectively. Women with low control during delivery (emergency Caesarean) showed a tendency for higher levels (p = 0.067) of depression at t3 than women with elective Caesarean did. The quality of prenatal attachment to the unborn child correlated negatively with depressive symptoms at t1-t4. Conclusions: The closer the prenatal attachment of a mother to her unborn child, the less symptoms of depression she reports during the last term of pregnancy and postpartum. Therefore, promoting good mother-child attachment during pregnancy might influence the level of postpartum depression. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

The benefit of web- and computer-based interventions for stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis - Heber, Elena; Ebert, David; Lehr, Dirk; Cuijpers, Pim; Berking, Matthias; Nobis, Stephanie; Riper, Heleen (Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2017)
Background: Stress has been identified as one of the major public health issues in this century. New technologies offer opportunities to provide effective psychological interventions on a large scale. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of Web- and computer-based stress-management interventions in adults relative to a control group. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed, including 26 comparisons (n=4226). Cohen d was calculated for the primary outcome level of stress to determine the difference between the intervention and control groups at posttest. Analyses of the effect on depression, anxiety, and stress in the following subgroups were also conducted: risk of bias, theoretical basis, guidance, and length of the intervention. Available follow-up data (1-3 months, 4-6 months) were assessed for the primary outcome stress. Results: The overall mean effect size for stress at posttest was Cohen d=0.43 (95% CI 0.31-0.54). Significant, small effects were found for depression (Cohen d=0.34, 95% CI 0.21-0.48) and anxiety (Cohen d=0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.47). Subgroup analyses revealed that guided interventions (Cohen d=0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.79) were more effective than unguided interventions (Cohen d=0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.46; P=.002). With regard to the length of the intervention, short interventions (≤4 weeks) showed a small effect size (Cohen d=0.33, 95% CI 0.22-0.44) and medium-long interventions (5-8 weeks) were moderately effective (Cohen d=0.59; 95% CI 0.45-0.74), whereas long interventions (≥9 weeks) produced a nonsignificant effect (Cohen d=0.21, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.47; P=.006). In terms of treatment type, interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and third-wave CBT (TWC) showed small-to-moderate effect sizes (CBT: Cohen d=0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.61; TWC: Cohen d=0.53, 95% CI 0.35-0.71), and alternative interventions produced a small effect size (Cohen d=0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.36; P=.03). Early evidence on follow-up data indicates that Web- and computer-based stress-management interventions can sustain their effects in terms of stress reduction in a small-to-moderate range up to 6 months. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that Web- and computer-based stress-management interventions can be effective and have the potential to reduce stress-related mental health problems on a large scale.
Keywords: Internet-based interventions; Mental health; Meta-analysis; Randomized controlled trial; Review; Stress

The Bigger one of the “Big Two”? Preferential Processing of Communal Information. - Abele, Andrea E.; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Journal of experimental social psychology, 2011)
An important aim of person perception is to guide people in their actions towards others and an especially important question in this regard is whether to approach a target or not. A target's traits can be differentiated into the "Big Two" fundamental content dimensions of agency and communion. Four studies test the hypothesis that relative to agentic traits communal traits—which can also be conceptualized as "other-profitable" traits—are processed preferentially because they convey more information relevant for approach vs. avoidance decisions. Across four studies, we found consistent support for this preferential processing hypothesis. Communal trait words were recognized faster (Study 1) and categorized faster with regard to valence than agentic trait words (Study 2); communal traits were inferred faster from behavior descriptions than agentic traits (Study 3); and finally, communal traits were mentioned prior to agentic ones in spontaneous descriptions of another person (Study 4). Throughout these studies the stimuli's valence (positive or negative words or behaviors) did not moderate this processing speed advantage of communal information. Participants' responses in Study 4, however, were more valence-driven for the communion dimension than for the agency dimension. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: preferential processing; communal information

The “Big Two” in citizens’ perceptions of politicians. - Bruckmüller, Susanne; Methner, Nicole (Agency and Communion in Social Psychology, 2018)
Bruckmüller and Methner integrate research from political science with (social) psychological research. They address the question how different personal characteristics that citizens ascribe to politicians shape the evaluation of politicians, political communication, and voting behavior. On the one hand, decades of social psychological research into how people form impressions of others have suggested two fundamental dimensions of social perception and judgment (agency and communion, or the “Big Two”). On the other hand, several models have been developed in political science and political psychology to conceptualize voters’ impressions of politicians as important predictors of evaluation and vote choice. Bruckmüller and Methner point out parallels between these models across disciplines. They illustrate how a Big Two framework provides new insights into voters’ perceptions of politicians as well as into political communication. They also exemplify how studying politicians and political communication can enhance social psychologists’ understanding of basic processes of person perception in general, and the Big Two in particula
Keywords: political communication; voting behavior; political psychology

The Big Two in Social Judgment and Behavior. - Wojciszke, Bogdan; Abele, Andrea E. (Social psychology, 2013)
This editorial introduces the current special issue of Social Psychology discussing the topic of two fundamental content dimensions which underlie judgments of the self, others, social groups, nations, cultures, faces, etc. These two fundamental dimensions are also called the “Big Two.” These “Big Two” have the potential to integrate different lines of research in psychology, and they are also relevant in numerous applied contexts. Most important for research on social information processing, the “Big Two” advance our knowledge on the role that content plays in information processing. This special issue also stems from a conference on the “Big Two” held in Erlangen, Germany, in 2010, and it continues a special issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology that was also devoted to the fundamental dimensions of social judgment (guest editors: Andrea E. Abele, Amy Cuddy, Charles Judd, and Vincent Yzerbyt). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserve
Keywords: Soziale Kognition; Beurteilung; Soziales Verhalten; Handeln; Soziale Wahrnehmung; Interpersonale Interaktion; Kompetenz

The Big Two of agency and communion in language and communication. - Abele, Andrea E.; Bruckmüller, Susanne (Social cognition and communication., 2013)
In this chapter we give an overview of research on the Big Two with a special focus on their importance in language and communication. We then outline one study in greater detail before we relate our approach to some of the other chapters in this volume. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Soziale Kognition; Handeln; Kooperation; Kommunikation; Selbstwahrnehmung; Beurteilung; Persönlichkeitsmerkmale; Attribution; Empathie; Erwachsenenalter

The Career Satisfaction Scale in Context: A Test for Measurement Invariance across Four Occupational Groups. - Spurk, Daniel; Abele, Andrea E.; Volmer, Judith (Journal of Career Assessment, 2015)
Analyzed the influence of occupational context on the conceptualization of career satisfaction as measured by the Career Satisfaction Scale (CSS). In a sample of 729 highly educated professionals (mean age 42 years), a cross-occupational (i.e., physicians, economists, engineers, and teachers) measurement invariance analysis was performed. Results show that the CSS was conceptualized according to occupational group membership; that is, four of the five items of the scale showed measurement variance. More specifically, the relative importance, the response biases, and the reliabilities associated with different career satisfaction content domains measured by the CSS (i.e., achieved success, overall career goals, goals for advancement, goals for income, and goals for development of new skills) varied by occupational context. However, results of a comparison between manifest and latent mean differences between the occupational groups revealed that the observed measurement variance did not affect the estimation of mean differences. It is concluded that occupational groups vary in context, and that occupational context is an important variable to be considered when researching career success and subjective career evaluations.

The Career Satisfaction Scale: Longitudinal Measurement Invariance and Latent Growth Analysis. - Spurk, Daniel; Abele, Andrea E.; Volmer, Judith (Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2011)
The present research analyses the adequacy of the widely used Career Satisfaction Scale (CSS; Greenhaus, Parasuraman, & Wormley, 1990) for measuring change over time. We used data of a sample of 1,273 professionals over a 5-year time period. First, we tested longitudinal measurement invariance of the CSS. Second, we analysed changes in career satisfaction by means of multiple indicator latent growth modelling (MLGM). Results revealed that the CSS can be reliably used in mean change analyses. Altogether, career satisfaction was relatively stable over time; however, we found significant variance in intra-individual growth trajectories and a negative correlation between the initial level of and changes in career satisfaction. Professionals who were initially highly satisfied became less satisfied over time. Theoretical and practical implications with respect to the construct of career satisfaction and its development over time (i.e., alpha, beta, and gamma change) are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Career Satisfaction Scale; test validity; test reliability; psychometrics; longitudinal measurement invariance; latent growth analysis

The Complex Influence of Career Success on Life Satisfaction - Abele, Andrea E. (Psychological, Educational and Sociological Perspectives on Success and Well-Being in Career Development, 2014)
It is a common assertion that being successful in one's work and occupational career should enhance a person's well-being. After introducing the constructs of subjective well-being and of career success studies concerned with their relationship are reviewed. We find that objective measures of career success (income) have a small positive influence on subjective well-being that is, however, moderated and mediated by goals, personality, and an individual's rank on the income ladder in a country. We further find that the subjective experiencing of career success has an influence on well-being. Finally, the relationship of career success and well-being seems to be reciprocal and the influence of well-being on career success might even be stronger than the reverse influence of career success on well-being. We conclude that striving for career success is one means of enhancing well-being. However, there are still many open questions and further research on the interrelationship of career success and subjective well-being is needed.

The construct of career success: Measurement issues and an empirical example. - Abele, Andrea E.; Spurk, Daniel; Volmer, Judith (Journal for labour market research, 2011)
The aim of the present paper is twofold. We first give an overview of the multi-faceted construct of career success with its “objective” (real attainments) and “sub- jective” (perceived attainments) components and with the different methodologies measuring them (“subjectivist” vs. “objectivist” approaches). We also discuss the relationship between the different components of career success as revealed in the literature. Our second aim is to show that the interrelationship between the different facets of career success varies with the emplo yment context. We analyze subjective and objective career success measures collected from professionals working either in the private sector, in the public sector, or that are self-employed. Our findings show that objective success and subjective success are more closely related in the private and self-employment sectors than in the public sector. Moreover, the interrelationship between objective and subjective success varies with the specific subjective success measure chosen. It is stronger for an “other-referent” subj ective success measure than for a “self-referent” subjective s uccess measure. Conclusions regarding the measurement of career success as well as regarding the relevance of subjective success for studying occupational careers are drawn
Keywords: Objective vs. subjective career success; Self-referent vs. other-re ferent subjective success; Interplay between objectiv e and subjective success in different fields of employment

The Contribution of “Individual Participant Data” Meta-Analyses of Psychotherapies for Depression to the Development of Personalized Treatments: A Systematic Review - Cuijpers, Pim; Ciharova, Marketa; Quero, Soledad; Miguel, Clara; Driessen, Ellen; Harrer, Mathias; Purgato, Marianna; Ebert, David; Karyotaki, Eirini (Journal of Personalized Medicine, 2022)
While randomized trials typically lack sufficient statistical power to identify predictors and moderators of outcome, ”individual participant data” (IPD) meta-analyses, which combine primary data of multiple randomized trials, can increase the statistical power to identify predictors and moderators of outcome. We conducted a systematic review of IPD meta-analyses on psychological treatments of depression to provide an overview of predictors and moderators identified. We included 10 (eight pairwise and two network) IPD meta-analyses. Six meta-analyses showed that higher baseline depression severity was associated with better outcomes, and two found that older age was associated with better outcomes. Because power was high in most IPD meta-analyses, non-significant findings are also of interest because they indicate that these variables are probably not relevant as predictors and moderators. We did not find in any IPD meta-analysis that gender, education level, or relationship status were significant predictors or moderators. This review shows that IPD meta-analyses on psychological treatments can identify predictors and moderators of treatment effects and thereby contribute considerably to the development of personalized treatments of depression.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-01-28
Keywords: Depression; Individual participant data meta-analysis; Moderators; Predictors; Psychotherapy

The Contributions of Propensity, Delinquent Peers, Low Parental Supervision, and Empathy to the Emergence of Antisociality in Childhood and Youth: Testing Developmental Path Models Combining Psychological- and Sociological-Criminological Approaches - Wallner, Susanne; Stemmler, Mark; Reinecke, Jost (International Journal of Developmental Science, 2020)

The cortical network of visual self-face recognition - Heinisch, Christine; Dinse, Hubert; Brüne, Martin (2nd Schizophrenia International Research Society Conference, 2010)

The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm - Schmidt-Reinwald, Astrid; Prüssner, Jens; Hellhammer, Dirk; Federenko, Ilona; Rohleder, Nicolas; Schürmeyer, Thomas; Kirschbaum, Clemens (Life Sciences, 1999)

The cost of fear: Avoidant decision making in a spider gambling task - Pittig, Andre; Brand, Matthias; Pawlikowski, Mirko; Alpers, Georg W. (Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2014)
Individuals with anxiety disorders typically avoid fear-relevant stimuli even if they miss potential rewards. However, few studies have accounted for such costs of fear-related avoidance in doing so. In this study, 51 spider fearful and 49 non-fearful participants completed the Spider Gambling Task, our modification of the Iowa Gambling Task, to investigate whether fear-relevant stimuli trigger avoidant decisions in the presence of potential rewards. In one version, advantageous choices were associated with pictures of spiders, whereas the same pictures were associated with disadvantageous choices in another version. Fearful participants generally avoided choices associated with pictures of spiders, which resulted in lower overall gains in the version with advantageous spider decks. Although this relative avoidance was sustained, fearful participants progressively approach more advantageous spider choices. These findings demonstrate that phobic fear results in irrational avoidant decisions which can result in considerable cost. Potential long-term rewards for approach may, however, diminish absolute avoidance behavior. © 2014.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-05-26
Keywords: Behavioral avoidance; Decision making; Experimental psychopathology; Fear; Spider phobia

The crossover of self-esteem: A longitudinal perspective - Niessen, Cornelia; Unger, Dana; Sonnentag, Sabine; Neff, Angela (European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2013)
This longitudinal study examined the crossover of performance self-esteem within working couples. We focused on the long-term crossover process as well as its work-related consequences. We hypothesized that one partner's (the actor's) performance self-esteem relates to changes in the other partner's (the partner's) performance self-esteem over time, especially if the partner has a low level of baseline performance self-esteem. In a final step, we expected that the partner's performance self-esteem at Time 2 in turn predicts the partner's work engagement. Using a longitudinal study (time lag: 6 months) among 294 dual-earner couples, we tested our hypotheses with multilevel analyses applying the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. The actor's performance self-esteem at Time 1 did not directly relate to the partner's performance self-esteem at Time 2. However, as expected, we found a significant moderation of the partner's baseline performance self-esteem in the crossover process, indicating that especially individuals with a rather low baseline performance self-esteem are susceptible to performance self-esteem crossover. Finally, the partner's performance self-esteem was related to the partner's work engagement at Time 2. © 2013 © Taylor & Francis.

The current need for a system-theoretical background in counseling the gifted - Harder, Bettina (High ability studies, 2012)

The Dark Side of Leadership - Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zum Einfluss von Führung auf unethisches Zielerreichungsverhalten von Geführten - Eibl, Bettina; et al. (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2013)

The dark side of self-leadership: Do self-leadership strategies deplete energy? - Müller, Teresa; Niessen, Cornelia (50. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), 2016)
This study aims to investigate the depleting characteristics of self-leadership strategies (behavior focused strategies , constructive thought patterns,  Manz, 2015). According to ego-depletion-theory self-control-strength becomes depleted after initial self-regulatory demands and impairs further efforts to exert self-control (e.g. Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven,  & Tice, 1998). To date more than 200 experiments – mostly following the sequential-task paradigm – examined self-regulation and found evidence for the concept of ego depletion (Carter & McCullough, 2014). Building on sequential-task paradigm, we examined ego depletion in the context of  self-leadership at work. As self-leadership is beneficial for work performance and well-being, behavior focused strategies and constructive thought patterns might be demanding and should lead to energy depletion as well. At the canteen of a German university, in a sample of 153 students and employees, we measured ego depletion twice, immediately before and immediately after lunch break with a hand grip task. In addition, participants had to fill out two questionnaires about their work experiences. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that using constructive thought patterns in the morning was related to higher energy depletion (less time on the hand grip) before lunch. Behavior focused strategies in the morning were associated with higher depletion after lunch when work in the morning was highly demanding. The results of this study indicate that self-leadership might be a double edged sword: Self-leadership is not only a resource in demanding work environments but also demanding itself.

The Density of the "Big Two": How are agency and communion structurally represented? - Bruckmüller, Susanne; Abele, Andrea E. (Social psychology, 2013)
Communion and agency are fundamental dimensions of social perception and judgment. Previous research revealed a primacy of communion in social information processing. The present research investigates whether there is a similar asymmetry in the “density” of communion and agency. We test whether communal content is more densely clustered in memory than agentic content, that is, more similar to other communal content than agentic content is similar to other agentic content. Three multidimensional scaling studies address this question and suggest an interaction with valence: While negative communal content is more densely clustered than negative agentic content, we find no differences in density between positive communal and positive agentic content. In addition to enhancing our understanding of the fundamental dimensions and their structural representation, this research might open a new perspective on old questions regarding person perception and implicit personality theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: agency and communion; density hypothesis; fundamental dimensions; multidimensional scaling; social perception; judgment; social information processing

The detection of types among decathletes using configural frequency analysis (CFA) - Stemmler, Mark Kurt; Bäumler, Günther (Psychology Science, 2005)
The aim of this exploratory study was to detect among decathletes types of specialization with the help of a one sample configural frequency analysis (CFA). The sample consisted of the performances of 514 decathlon athletes, who were ranked among the top 100 athletes of the world from 1984 to 2000. Due to the fact that some athletes were ranked repeatedly among the top 100 world’s best athletes, each athlete was listed only once with his best performance. Due to sample size constraints only six out of the ten events were entered into a CFA. Therefore, a total of five CFAs with different combinations of events were conducted. The analysed sets of events were derived from factor analyses which were performed in advance. The resulting number of types varied between one and five. The resulting types could be labelled either ‘allround-types’ who were proficient in three out of four or in all four factors of performances (i.e., sprinting, throwing, jumping and stamina) or ‘specialist-types’ who were proficient in only two factors or two events (e.g., factors throwing and stamina; events javelin throw and 1500m run or shot put and discus throw or 100m run and 1500m run). In two cases ‘solitary-types’ evolved with excellent performances in shot put or 1500m run. The 1500m run was part of most types detected. The results suggested that there exist meaningful decathlon types who can be detected with CFA.
Keywords: Athletics; Configural Frequency Analysis; CFA; Decathlon; Factor Analysis; Types

The Development of Deviant and Delinquent Behavior over the Life Course in the Context of Processes of Social Inequalities - Reinecke, Jost; Stemmler, Mark; Sünkel, Zara; Schepers, Deborah; Weiss, Maren; Arnis, Maria; Meinert, Julia; Uysal, Burcu; Pöge, Andreas; Wallner, Susanne; Wittenberg, Jochen (2013)

The Development of Deviant and Delinquent Behavior over the Life Course: The Study „Chances and Risks in the Life Course“ at a Glance - Wallner, Susanne; Stemmler, Mark (International Conference on Psychology and Law - "EAPL & World 2015", 2015)