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@article{faucris.112804604,
abstract = {Globally accelerating trends in societal development and human environmental impacts since the mid-twentieth century are known as the Great Acceleration and have been discussed as a key indicator of the onset of the Anthropocene epoch. While reports on ecological responses (for example, changes in species range or local extinctions) to the Great Acceleration are multiplying, it is unknown whether such biotic responses are undergoing a similar acceleration over time. This knowledge gap stems from the limited availability of time series data on biodiversity changes across large temporal and geographical extents. Here we use a dataset of repeated plant surveys from 302 mountain summits across Europe, spanning 145 years of observation, to assess the temporal trajectory of mountain biodiversity changes as a globally coherent imprint of the Anthropocene. We find a continent-wide acceleration in the rate of increase in plant species richness, with five times as much species enrichment between 2007 and 2016 as fifty years ago, between 1957 and 1966. This acceleration is strikingly synchronized with accelerated global warming and is not linked to alternative global change drivers. The accelerating increases in species richness on mountain summits across this broad spatial extent demonstrate that acceleration in climate-induced biotic change is occurring even in remote places on Earth, with potentially far-ranging consequences not only for biodiversity, but also for ecosystem functioning and services.
Promotion of species diversity has become a major goal in forestry. This requires an understanding of the impacts of management disturbance on species diversity relative to natural drivers such as climatic or edaphic conditions on the relevant temporal scales, i.e., centuries. We examined the effects of long-term management disturbance on understory plant diversity in coniferous forests by comparing structure types (ages since disturbance) between regions with comparable abiotic settings but contrasting management history, i.e., management for centuries in central Europe versus the first logging in primary forests in western Canada. We systematically sampled three age classes after disturbance and compared their alpha diversity and species composition. The structure types (age classes) showed similar differences in alpha diversity in both landscapes, while the response of species compositions differed between the two. Fewer late-successional specialists occurred in the European landscape. Within the setting of our study, the structure types, which reflect the time since major forest management disturbance, affected understory species richness and composition at least as strongly as environmental conditions such as climate, soil, and tree layer diversity across the broad altitudinal gradients that we sampled. Our results suggest that forest management affects the diversity of coniferous forests, with management for centuries disadvantaging late-successional specialists. Furthermore, it appears that human action is becoming the major determinant of diversity of coniferous forests, emphasizing the need for sustainable management schemes.},
author = {Schmiedinger, Andreas and Kreyling, Jürgen and Steinbauer, Manuel and Macdonald, Ellen and Jentsch, Anke and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1139/X2012-052},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere},
pages = {1239-1252},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{A} continental comparison indicates long-term effects of forest management on understory diversity in coniferous forests},
volume = {42},
year = {2012}
}
@article{faucris.110092884,
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel},
doi = {10.1111/jbi.12883},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
pages = {1110-1112},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{A} generalization of the taxon cycle},
volume = {44},
year = {2017}
}
@article{faucris.286197679,
abstract = {An actinopterygian fossil with unexpected anatomical features from 7 million years before the end-Devonian mass extinction suggests complex patterns of divergence and diversification around the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary for ray-finned fishes.},
author = {Giles, Sam and Feilich, Kara and Warnock, Rachel and Pierce, Stephanie E. and Friedman, Matt},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-022-01919-4},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Nature Ecology & Evolution},
note = {CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-12-02},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{A} {Late} {Devonian} actinopterygian suggests high lineage survivorship across the end-{Devonian} mass extinction},
year = {2022}
}
@article{faucris.123755764,
abstract = {Questions: Do introduced herbivores and fire explain the mono-dominance of one legume shrub (Adenocarpus viscosus subsp. spartioides) above the tree line on an oceanic island, given the fact that a number of other legume shrub species are potentially present? What drives the observed landscape-scale life–death pattern within the mono-dominant shrub species population?
Location: The sub-alpine scrub vegetation of La Palma (Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean).
Methods: An 11-yr exclosure experiment with sites distributed along an elevation and orientation gradient was used to identify the influence of introduced herbivore pressure on four endemic shrub species and their seedling recruitment. Further, we assessed the population dynamics and spatial pattern of the dominant shrub species A. viscosus subsp. spartioides. Habitat and vitality characteristics were investigated, assessing spatial topographic features and tree ring-based age estimates. Linear mixed models, ANOVAs, linear regression and variation partitioning were used as statistical analysis tools.
Results: Outside of the exclosures A. viscosus subsp. spartioides was virtually mono-dominant in the study area, even though other shrub species seem better suited in the absence of introduced herbivores. The presence of introduced herbivores significantly reduced seedling recruitment within all target species, except for A. viscosus subsp. spartioides. Mean age of A. viscosus subsp. spartioides increased with elevation, although vitality analyses indicated that the sub-alpine scrub is elevated above its growth optimum. Three out of four investigated shrub species showed differences in growth height depending on elevation and island orientation.
Conclusion: Introduced herbivores and fire are identified as key disturbances enhancing the occurrence of A. viscosus subsp. spartioides, a commonly less competitive species. However, Genista benehoavensis, a single island endemic shrub species, seems to be better adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the sub-alpine scrub in the absence of introduced herbivores than any other shrub species.}, author = {Irl, Severin and Steinbauer, Manuel and Babel, Wolfgang and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Blume-Werry, Gesche and Messinger, Jana and Palomares Martínez, Angel and Strohmeier, Stefan and Jentsch, Anke}, doi = {10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01425.x}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science}, keywords = {Alien herbivore; Canary Islands; Competition; European rabbit; Fenced plots; Invasive mammals; Legume shrub; Oceanic island; Shrub community; Summit scrub}, pages = {1114-1125}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{An} 11-yr exclosure experiment in a high-elevation island ecosystem: {Introduced} herbivore impact on shrub species richness, seedling recruitment and population dynamics}, volume = {23}, year = {2012} } @article{faucris.121552904, abstract = {Aim: Rarity—an important measure for conservation biogeography—can vary over many orders of magnitude. However, it is unclear which regional-scale abiotic conditions drive processes affecting rarity of endemic species on islands. To support conservation efforts, we (1) assess the main abiotic drivers of endemic rarity, (2) determine how well existing protected areas (PAs) coincide with hotspots of endemic rarity and (3) introduce and evaluate a new hypervolume-based rarity estimator.
Location: La Palma (Canary Islands).
Methods: We recorded all present endemic vascular plant species in 1,212 plots covering the entire island. We calculated endemic rarity (corrected range-rarity richness for endemics) using a rarity estimation approach based on kernel density estimations (hypervolume approach). We performed a sensitivity analysis based on multiple linear regressions and relative importance estimations of environmental drivers to estimate the performance of the hypervolume-based rarity estimation compared to standard methods (occurrence frequency, convex hulls, alpha hulls).
Results: Climate variables (mean annual temperature, climatic rarity, precipitation variability) best explained archipelago endemic (AE) and single-island endemic (SIE) rarity. Existing PAs covered the majority of AE and SIE rarity, especially national and natural parks as well as the Natura 2000 sites. In our study system, hypervolumes performed better than standard measures of range size.
Main conclusion: Both AE and SIE rarity on La Palma show a clear spatial pattern, with hotspots of endemic rarity found at high elevations and in rare climates, presumably owing to geographical and climatic constraints and possibly anthropogenic pressure (e.g., land use, introduced herbivores, fire). Areas of high rarity estimates coincide with the distribution and extent of PAs on La Palma, especially since the recent addition of the Natura 2000 sites. The hypervolume approach is a promising tool to estimate species range sizes, and can be applied on all scales where point/plot data are available.}, author = {Irl, Severin and Schweiger, Andreas and Medina, Felix and Fernández-Palacios, José Maria and Harter, David and Jentsch, Anke and Provenzale, Antonello and Steinbauer, Manuel and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1111/ddi.12605}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Diversity and Distributions}, keywords = {conservation biogeography; corrected weighted endemism; endemic plant species; evolutionary pattern; hypervolume; island ecology; Natura 2000; protected areas}, pages = {1132-1142}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{An} island view of endemic rarity—{Environmental} drivers and consequences for nature conservation}, volume = {23}, year = {2017} } @article{faucris.207776520, abstract = {Climatic seasonality drives ecosystem processes (e.g. productivity) and influences plant species distribution. However, it is poorly understood how different aspects of seasonality (esp. regarding temperature and precipitation) affect growth continuity of trees in climates with low seasonality because seasonality is often only crudely measured. On islands, exceptionally wide elevational species distribution ranges allow the use of tree rings to identify how growth continuity and climate–growth relationships change with elevation. Here we present a novel dendroecological method to measure stem growth continuity based on annual density fluctuations (ADFs) in tree rings of Pinus canariensis to indicate low climatic seasonality. The species ranges from 300 to more than 2000 m a.s.l. on the trade wind-influenced island of La Palma (Canary Islands), where we measured three decades of tree-ring data of 100 individuals distributed over ten sites along the entire elevational range. The successfully implemented ADF approach revealed a major shift of stem growth continuity across the elevational gradient. In a remarkably clear pattern, stem growth continuity (percentage of ADFs) showed a hump-shaped relationship with elevation reaching a maximum at around 1000 m a.s.l.. Low- to mid-elevation tree growth was positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index PDSI (indicating aridity) and sea surface temperature (indicating trade wind-influenced moderation of water supply), while high elevation tree growth was positively correlated with winter temperature (indicating a cold induced dormancy period). We conclude that ADFs are a useful method to measure stem growth continuity in low-seasonality climates. Growth of Pinus canariensis on the Canary Islands is more frequently interrupted by winter cold at high elevations and by summer drought at low elevations than in the trade wind-influenced mid elevations, where growth sometimes continues throughout the year. Climate change-associated alterations in trade wind cloud formation might cause non-analogue growth limitations for many unique island specie}, author = {Weigel, Robert and Irl, Severin and Treydte, Kerstin and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Berels, Johanna and Field, Richard and Miranda, José Carlos and Steinbauer, Alana and Steinbauer, Manuel and Jentsch, Anke}, doi = {10.1093/aobpla/ply070}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {AoB Plants}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{A} novel dendroecological method finds a non-linear relationship between elevation and seasonal growth continuity on an island with trade wind-influenced water availability}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aobpla/ply070/5184641}, volume = {in press}, year = {2019} } @article{faucris.244149363, abstract = {
Crustose coralline red algae (CCA) play a key role in the consolidation of many modern tropical coral reefs. It is unclear, however, if their function as reef consolidators was equally pronounced in the geological past. Using a comprehensive database on ancient reefs, we show a strong correlation between the presence of CCA and the formation of true coral reefs throughout the last 150 Ma. We investigated if repeated breakdowns in the potential capacity of CCA to spur reef development were associated with sea level, ocean temperature, CO2 concentration, CCA species diversity, and/or the evolution of major herbivore groups. Model results show that the correlation between the occurrence of CCA and the development of true coral reefs increased with CCA diversity and cooler ocean temperatures while the diversification of herbivores had a transient negative effect. The evolution of novel herbivore groups compromised the interaction between CCA and true reef growth at least three times in the investigated time interval. These crises have been overcome by morphological adaptations of CCA.
Location: Worldwide.
Methods: We adapted a well-established methodology of horizon scanning to identify priority research questions in island biology, and initiated it during the Island Biology 2016 conference held in the Azores. A multidisciplinary working group prepared an initial pool of 187 questions. A series of online surveys was then used to refine a list of the 50 top priority questions. The final shortlist was restricted to questions with a broad conceptual scope, and which should be answerable through achievable research approaches.
Results: Questions were structured around four broad and partially overlapping island topics, including: (Macro)Ecology and Biogeography, (Macro)Evolution, Community Ecology, and Conservation and Management. These topics were then subdivided according to the following subject areas: global diversity patterns (five questions in total); island ontogeny and past climate change (4); island rules and syndromes (3); island biogeography theory (4); immigration–speciation–extinction dynamics (5); speciation and diversification (4); dispersal and colonization (3); community assembly (6); biotic interactions (2); global change (5); conservation and management policies (5); and invasive alien species (4).
Main conclusions: Collectively, this cross-disciplinary set of topics covering the 50 fundamental questions has the potential to stimulate and guide future research in island biology. By covering fields ranging from biogeography, community ecology and evolution to global change, this horizon scan may help to foster the formation of interdisciplinary research networks, enhancing joint efforts to better understand the past, present and future of island biotas.}, author = {Patino, Jairo and Whittaker, Robert J. and Borges, Paulo A. V. and Maria Fernandez-Palacios, Jose and Ah-Peng, Claudine and Araujo, Miguel B. and Avila, Sergio P. and Cardoso, Pedro and Cornuault, Josselin and De Boer, Erik J. and De Nascimento, Lea and Gil, Artur and Gonzalez-Castro, Aaron and Gruner, Daniel S. and Heleno, Ruben and Hortal, Joaquin and Carlos Illera, Juan and Kaiser-Bunbury, Christopher N. and Matthews, Thomas J. and Papadopoulou, Anna and Pettorelli, Nathalie and Price, Jonathan P. and Santos, Ana M. C. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Triantis, Kostas A. and Valente, Luis and Vargas, Pablo and Weigelt, Patrick and Emerson, Brent C.}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.12986}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {biodiversity conservation; community ecology; extinction; global change; island biogeography theory; island biology; island evolution; island macroecology; research priorities}, pages = {963-983}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{A} roadmap for island biology: 50 fundamental questions after 50 years of {The} {Theory} of {Island} {Biogeography}}, volume = {44}, year = {2017} } @article{faucris.123609684, author = {Dawson, Michael N. and Axmacher, Jan C. and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Blois, Jessica and Bradley, Bethany A. and Cord, Anna F. and Dengler, Jürgen and He, Kate S. and Heaney, Lawrence R. and Jansson, Roland and Mahecha, Miguel D. and Myers, Corinne and Nogués-Bravo, David and Papadopoulou, Anna and Reu, Björn and Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco and Steinbauer, Manuel and Stigall, Alycia and Tuanmu, Mao Ning and Gavin, Daniel G.}, doi = {10.21425/F58429770}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Frontiers of Biogeography}, keywords = {Anthropocene; Biodiversity conservation; Birds; Ecoinformatics; Functional diversity; Island biogeography; Macroecology; Mammals; Paleoecology; Phylogenetics; Plants; Species distribution modelling (SDM)}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{A} second horizon scan of biogeography: {Golden} ages, {Midas} touches, and the {Red} {Queen}}, volume = {8}, year = {2016} } @article{faucris.118164684, abstract = {Assisted colonization as an adaptation strategy to conserve or restore biodiversity in the face of climate change deservedly evokes controversy. Assisted colonization is perceived by some as a last option for conserving endangered species and by others as a risky and unwise management effort due to current gaps of knowledge. Based on the pros and cons of the recent debate, we show that the current discussion mainly focuses on the assisted colonization of rare and endangered species beyond their natural range of distribution. We suggest that a more useful approach for the conservation of endangered species could occur by focusing on the relevant foundation or keystone species, which ensure ecosystem integrity for a multitude of dependent species by governing the habitat structure and micro-climate of the site. Examples of foundation species include dominant tree species in forests or dominant corals in coral reefs. For a given conservation or restoration need (e.g. conservation of rare species), we recommend the assisted colonization of pre-adapted ecotypes of the relevant foundation species from climates similar to future expectations for the target site. This approach could lead to climate-safe habitats for endangered species with minimal adverse effects on recipient ecosystems.}, author = {Kreyling, Jürgen and Bittner, Thorsten and Jaeschke, Anja and Jentsch, Anke and Steinbauer, Manuel and Thiel, Daniel and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1111/j.1526-100X.2011.00777.x}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Restoration Ecology}, keywords = {Adaptation strategy; Assisted migration; Core species; Ecosystem engineers; Managed relocation; Managed translocation; Species conservation}, pages = {433-440}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Assisted} {Colonization}: {A} {Question} of {Focal} {Units} and {Recipient} {Localities}}, volume = {19}, year = {2011} } @article{faucris.122996324, abstract = {Land use change is a major driver of biodiversity patterns, therefore conservation management in cultivated landscapes should seek to optimize land use diversity. Especially under changing environmental conditions there is an increasing need of identifying management options for preserving biodiversity. However, the design of historical data sets is often inappropriate for detecting biodiversity responses to ongoing rapid changes. Here, we present an approach to quantify plant species diversity and relate it to land use diversity.
Data mining took place at the landscape scale in two mountainous regions of Central Europe, differing in natural and cultural history. Within these landscapes a representative systematic rectangular grid (7 × 7 plots of 1 ha) was sampled. At each plot polygons of uniform land use were mapped and presence–absence data of plant species were recorded. Plant species diversity differed significantly between landscapes: species richness and within landscape beta diversity in the calcareous mosaic landscape was higher than in the siliceous mosaic landscape. Land use diversity explained the significant variation in species richness. The relationship between plant species diversity and land use diversity is consistent in different cultivated landscapes and on multiple scales.
The chosen sampling approach integrates the advantage of random but grid-based sampling with land use polygon specific information. This enables not only to investigate also similarity pattern (in land use and species composition) but also an integration of further information on the patch scale, if needed.}, author = {Jentsch, Anke and Steinbauer, Manuel and Alt, Martin and Retzer, Vroni and Buhk, Constanze and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.012}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning}, keywords = {Additive partitioning; Biodiversity monitoring; Germany; Land use patch; Scaling effects; Systematic grid}, pages = {236-244}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{A} systematic approach to relate plant-species diversity to land use diversity across landscapes}, volume = {107}, year = {2012} } @article{faucris.118164904, author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Field, Richard and Mara Fernandez-Palacios, Jose and Irl, Severin D. H. and Otto, Rudiger and Schaefer, Hanno and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1111/geb.12425}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {Adaptive radiation; climate; competition; divergence; ecological character displacement; endemic plants; ghost of competition past; niche conservatism; sister clades; speciation}, pages = {792-804}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Biogeographic} ranges do not support niche theory in radiating {Canary} {Island} plant clades}, volume = {25}, year = {2016} } @article{faucris.200570805, abstract = {
Location: An artificial one-dimensional ‘landscape’.
Methods: The distance–decay relationship was quantified in simulated communities. Grain and study extent were varied systematically. In each sampled data set the linear relation of Simpson and Sørensen similarity to geographic distance (on both log-transformed and original scales) between 100 even-sized equidistant plots was assessed using linear regression and generalized linear regression with a log-link function. Regressions were applied either including or removing zero similarities from the data.
Results: Both the slope (measuring turnover) and the goodness of fit measure r2 (quantifying the influence of space on species composition) of the distance–decay relationship were strongly influenced by grain and study extent. Approaches that are able to cope with zero similarity values of large distance comparisons were less dependent on grain and extent.
Main conclusions: Reported differences between landscapes detected by current distance–decay measures cannot be explicitly traced back to ecological scale-specific processes. Instead, they can largely be attributed to sampling design and are highly sensitive to grain size and study extent. More appropriate approaches for the study of distance–decay and the understanding of scale-specific processes are required.}, author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Dolos, Klara and Reineking, Björn and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00772.x}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {Beta diversity; Biodiversity; Dissimilarity; Ecological gradient; Sørensen similarity; Scale dependence; Simpson similarity; Species turnover}, pages = {1203-1212}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Current} measures for distance decay in similarity of species composition are influenced by study extent and grain size}, volume = {21}, year = {2012} } @article{faucris.224173501, abstract = {Tropical high mountains are hosting important hot spots of biodiversity on small mostly remote areas. Recently, these precious ecosystems are under threat from land use change and climate change coupled with other local drivers of biodiversity loss. Along the East African Afroalpine ecosystems, area above the treeline have experienced long-term spatial isolation and extreme climatic conditions (climatic factors such as low mean temperature, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles and other energy-related factors) which lead to the formation of "Sky Island" like ecosystems that are rich in endemics and unique. The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia are home to the largest tropical alpine plateau in Africa, with no spacious high summits that provide space for upward shift of species. Here, we studied plant species diversity and distribution patterns and tested potential future impacts of climate change induced warming on those patterns. This study is based on distribution data acquired from nested circular plots along an elevational gradient ranging from 2000m asl to the highest elevation (4385 m asl). We find hump shaped species richness patterns on both aspects, i.e. the dry north-eastern and the wet monsoon exposed south-western escarpment. In addition, the proportion of endemic species increases monotonically towards the summit on all slopes. Based on our data and literature, we project future climate impact for three regional warming scenarios (+2 degrees C, + 3 degrees C and + 4 degrees C). We quantify the future range of 114 endemic plant species based on their current occurrence records applying a lapse rate of 0.6 degrees C per 100 m of elevation. We find that future climate change would significantly alter species distribution patterns with pronounced impact on the unique ecosystems and endemic species restricted to the afroalpine plateau. Very likely this will be leading to the extinction of many endemic species. Published by Elsevier B.V.}, author = {Kidane, Yohannes O. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00670}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Global Ecology and Conservation}, note = {CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-08-09}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Dead} end for endemic plant species? {A} biodiversity hotspot under pressure}, volume = {19}, year = {2019} } @article{faucris.259591084, abstract = {Limestone-marl alternations are commonly used for high-resolution cyclostratigraphic studies and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, but diagenetic studies indicate that not all limestone-marl alternations reflect genuine differences in the initial sediment composition driven by environmental changes. Differences in the ratios of diagenetically inert trace elements between limestones and marls indicate changes affecting the terrigenous fraction of the precursor sediment. Contrarily, limestone-marl alternations without these differences can be the product of: (i) variations in CaCO3 input (aragonite, calcite); (ii) distortion of the latter by diagenetic CaCO3 redistribution; or (iii) diagenetic CaCO3 redistribution in a homogeneous precursor sediment. The aim of this study is to provide a method to differentiate these cases and to identify variations in the proportion of calcite and aragonite in the precursor sediment composition. The model of differential diagenesis assumes that the concentration of diagenetically inert elements is inversely proportional to the amount of redistributed CaCO3. Consequently, the difference between ratios of diagenetically inert elements from two adjacent beds is a measure for CaCO3 redistribution. This is quantifiable by the vector length between ratios from two adjacent beds. The approach is illustrated here by evaluation of a case study from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden. Trace elements were compared according to their solubility during diagenesis. All elements bound to clay minerals or calcite show similar patterns of vector length, while vector length of elements which fit into the aragonite lattice, and are diagenetically mobile, differ. The vector length approach provides a tool to test the diagenetic origin of limestone-marl alternations, to identify initial variations in CaCO3 input and to test a limestone-marl alternation's suitability for cyclostratigraphic analyses.}, author = {Nohl, Theresa and Steinbauer, Manuel and Sinnesael, Matthias and Jarochowska, Emilia}, doi = {10.1111/sed.12885}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Sedimentology}, note = {CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-06-04}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Detecting} initial aragonite and calcite variations in limestone-marl alternations}, year = {2021} } @article{faucris.119581044, abstract = {
}, author = {Schlüter, Rebecca and Steinbauer, Manuel and Remmele, Sabine and Aas, Gregor}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Allgemeine Forst- und Jagdzeitung}, pages = {205-215}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Dickenzuwachs} der exotischen {Thuja} plicata und der einheimischen {Picea} abies in {Ab}-hängigkeit von {Klima} und {Witterung} in {Süddeutschland}}, volume = {186}, year = {2015} } @article{faucris.119152044, abstract = {Assessing biodiversity and the spatial structures of forest ecosystems are important for forestry and nature conservation. However, tropical forests of Bangladesh are only sparsely investigated. Here we determined biodiversity (alpha, beta and gamma), spatial species turnover and stand characteristics of one of the few remnant tropical forests in Bangladesh. Two differently protected areas of Satchari forest were compared. We recorded tree species composition, in a systematic plot design, measured diameter at breast height for each individual tree (to assess basal area), and calculated decay in similarity of tree species composition with geographical distance. The distance-decay was assessed separately for the whole study area and for two subsamples from Satchari National Park and Satchari Reserve Forest. Satchari National Park (strictly protected) had, despite its smaller area, a higher Alpha and Gamma diversity, but a lower Beta diversity than Satchari Reserve Forest. Variation in species composition was not significant between the two differently protected areas. Basal area increased significantly with protection status although tree individuals were of equal size in both areas. Plots in the Reserve Forest were associated with higher species turnover than in the National Park. We suggest anthropogenic disturbance, which occurs in the less strictly protected Reserve Forest, is the main driver for the detected spatial heterogeneity in species composition.}, author = {Uddin, Mohammad Belal and Steinbauer, Manuel and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.3390/d3030453}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Diversity}, keywords = {Beta diversity; Conservation; Diameter at breast height; Distance-decay; Indian Subcontinent; Management; National park; Reserve forest}, pages = {453-465}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Diversity}, stand characteristics and spatial aggregation of tree species in a {Bangladesh} forest ecosystem}, volume = {3}, year = {2011} } @article{faucris.119155344, abstract = {Introduction of exotic plant species in the tropics has occurred since the colonial period, and has mostly been for timber production. However, due to uncontrolled distribution and lack of awareness, many of these species became invasive, and have been increasingly reported as a source of threats to native ecosystems. We investigated the exotic species richness, their traits, and biogeographic origin in the Satchari Forest in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh, one of the very few intact terrestrial ecosystems remaining in the country. Boosted Regression Trees and Detrended Correspondence Analysis were performed to determine the contribution of various environmental attributes, protection regimes, and disturbances to explain the distribution of exotic species within Satchari Forest. Among the environmental variables, native species richness, elevation gradient, and soil nutrient parameters were found as good predictors of both exotic species’ presence and richness in the area. In our analysis, number of exotic species showed a unimodal relationship with native species in the reserved forest, where the relationship was negative in the surrounding area. An increase in exotic species with the presence of higher anthropogenic disturbance events, thereby with lower conservation restrictions as well as with lower protection status, was also evident. Our study suggests that enforcing greater protection status and preventing human use can be the best ways to protect native species composition in forest ecosystems with greater conservation values in tropical developing countries.}, author = {Uddin, Mohammad Belal and Steinbauer, Manuel and Jentsch, Anke and Mukul, Sharif Ahmed and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.052}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, keywords = {Exotic species; Land-use; Protected area; Satchari; Tropical forest}, pages = {72-80}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Do} environmental attributes, disturbances and protection regimes determine the distribution of exotic plant species in {Bangladesh} forest ecosystem?}, volume = {303}, year = {2013} } @article{faucris.118166444, abstract = {The importance of understanding biotic patterns in managed tropical landscapes is increasingly recognised. Bangladesh is a country with a long human land-use history and constitutes almost a blind spot in vegetation science on the landscape scale. Here, we analyse patterns and drivers of plant species richness and community composition along a land-use intensity gradient in a forest landscape including tea gardens, tree plantations and nature reserves (Satchari Reserved Forest) based on multivariate approaches and variation partitioning. We find richness as well as composition of tree and understory species to directly relate to a disturbance gradient that reflects protection status and elevation. This is astonishing, as the range in elevation (70 m) is small. Topography and protection remain significant drivers of biodiversity after correcting for human disturbances. While tree and non-tree species richness were positively correlated, they differ considerably in their relation to other environmental or disturbance variables as well as in the spatial richness pattern. The disturbance regime particularly structures tree species richness and composition in protected areas. We conclude by highlighting the importance of explicitly integrating human–biosphere interactions in any nature protection strategy for the study region.}, author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Uddin, Mohammad B. and Jentsch, Anke and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1080/01426397.2016.1252038}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Landscape Research}, keywords = {cultural landscapes; Disturbances; forest reserves; land-use pressure; similarity; tropical forests}, pages = {89-105}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Drivers} for plant species diversity in a characteristic tropical forest landscape in {Bangladesh}}, volume = {42}, year = {2017} } @article{faucris.273928097, abstract = {Background: Despite the excellent fossil record of cephalopods, their early evolution is poorly understood. Different, partly incompatible phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed in the past, which reflected individual author’s opinions on the importance of certain characters but were not based on thorough cladistic analyses. At the same time, methods of phylogenetic inference have undergone substantial improvements. For fossil datasets, which typically only include morphological data, Bayesian inference and in particular the introduction of the fossilized birth-death model have opened new possibilities. Nevertheless, many tree topologies recovered from these new methods reflect large uncertainties, which have led to discussions on how to best summarize the information contained in the posterior set of trees. Results: We present a large, newly compiled morphological character matrix of Cambrian and Ordovician cephalopods to conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and resolve existing controversies. Our results recover three major monophyletic groups, which correspond to the previously recognized Endoceratoidea, Multiceratoidea, and Orthoceratoidea, though comprising slightly different taxa. In addition, many Cambrian and Early Ordovician representatives of the Ellesmerocerida and Plectronocerida were recovered near the root. The Ellesmerocerida is para- and polyphyletic, with some of its members recovered among the Multiceratoidea and early Endoceratoidea. These relationships are robust against modifications of the dataset. While our trees initially seem to reflect large uncertainties, these are mainly a consequence of the way clade support is measured. We show that clade posterior probabilities and tree similarity metrics often underestimate congruence between trees, especially if wildcard taxa are involved. Conclusions: Our results provide important insights into the earliest evolution of cephalopods and clarify evolutionary pathways. We provide a classification scheme that is based on a robust phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, we provide some general insights on the application of Bayesian phylogenetic inference on morphological datasets. We support earlier findings that quartet similarity metrics should be preferred over the Robinson-Foulds distance when higher-level phylogenetic relationships are of interest and propose that using a posteriori pruned maximum clade credibility trees help in assessing support for phylogenetic relationships among a set of relevant taxa, because they provide clade support values that better reflect the phylogenetic signal.}, author = {Pohle, Alexander and Kroeger, Bjoern and Warnock, Rachel and King, Andy H. and Evans, David H. and Aubrechtova, Martina and Cichowolski, Marcela and Fang, Xiang and Klug, Christian}, doi = {10.1186/s12915-022-01284-5}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {BMC Biology}, keywords = {Bayesian phylogenetics; Cephalopoda; Endoceratoidea; Fossilized birth-death process; Multiceratoidea; Nautiloidea; Orthoceratoidea; Phylogeny; Posterior clade probabilities; Tree similarities}, note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-29}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Early} cephalopod evolution clarified through {Bayesian} phylogenetic inference}, volume = {20}, year = {2022} } @article{faucris.118166664, abstract = {The percentage of single island neo-endemic species (an indicator for evolutionary diversification) was found to be independent of geographic distance to the continent in the case of the Aegean archipelago. It was concluded that speciation is independent of geographic isolation, while evolutionary processes are rather enhanced by habitat heterogeneity. An island's maximum elevation was used as an indicator for habitat heterogeneity. In contrast, we argue that habitat heterogeneity (= habitat diversity, i.e. the richness in different habitats) may be positively related to biotic richness, but a positive effect on speciation is yet to be proven. For any other type of heterogeneity, we propose a precise wording, especially when assessing its effect on speciation processes.
Alternatively, we propose that elevation-driven ecological isolation causes the pattern of endemic species on high-elevation islands. Environmental filtering along an elevational gradient differentiates ecosystems, leading to an increase of isolation with elevation. The reason is that comparable ecosystems are much farther apart than is the case for lowland ecosystems. In addition, ecosystems on neighboring islands or on the continent that may be source regions for colonizing species are small in area in high elevations in comparison with low elevation ecosystems. Consequently, an increased speciation rate resulting in a larger percentage of single island endemic species can be expected for higher elevations on islands and high mountains. Support for this elevation-driven ecological isolation hypothesis comes from other islands in the Mediterranean region (e.g. Crete and Corsica), where an increase of the percentage of endemic species with elevation has been observed. Thus, the assessment of (genetic-) isolation should incorporate the distance to similar habitats instead of simple land-to-land connections.},
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Irl, Severin and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1016/j.actao.2012.11.004},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology},
keywords = {Crete; Environmental filter; Habitat diversity; Habitat heterogeneity; Island biogeography; Neo-endemic; PSIE; Single island endemic species; Speciation},
pages = {52-56},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Elevation}-driven ecological isolation promotes diversification on {Mediterranean} islands},
volume = {47},
year = {2013}
}
@article{faucris.203793654,
abstract = {Subtropical forest is recognized as an important global vegetation type with high levels of plant species richness. However, the mechanisms underlying its diversity are still poorly understood. Notably, species richness may be controlled by contemporary environment, but also by evolutionary dynamics (e.g., time-for-speciation or evolutionary rates), with the latter predicting relations between species richness and phylogenetic assemblage structure. Here, we assess the relative roles of these factors in shaping species diversity patterns at several taxonomic scales in a major subtropical plant group, the tea family (Theaceae s.s.) across China (145 species). To this end, we assessed the inter-relations between species richness, phylogenetic assemblage structure (net related index) and key environmental variables (minimum temperature of the coldest month, mean annual precipitation, soil pH), using generalized linear models and spatial linear models. We found that species richness is significantly related to environmental variables, especially decreasing with soil pH both across the whole family and within the tribe Theeae. Family-level species richness is unrelated to phylogenetic structure, providing no support for time-for-speciation or evolutionary rate effects. However, within the tribe Theeae, species richness was related to phylogenetic structure with an U-shaped relationship, a more complex relation than time-for-speciation or evolutionary rate hypothesis would predict. Overall, these results suggest that Theaceae species richness patterns within China are primarily driven by shallow-time environmentally-driven dynamics, albeit the nested patterns of its subgroups (notably Theeae) exhibit evolutionarily linked patterns. Our findings show that environmental and evolutionary processes interact in complex ways to shape species richness patterns within the subtropical forest biome.
Modern crustose coralline red algae (CCA) play a key role in the construction of coral reefs. It is unclear, however, if their function as consolidators of coral reefs was similar pronounced in the geological past. Accordingly, we tested (1) when the presence of CCA was crucial for the formation of coral reefs throughout the last 150 Ma. We further investigated if (2) the capacity of CCA to reinforce coral reefs suffered two transient crises as a result of the diversification of major herbivore groups.
Location:
The study involves reef structures from tropical and subtropical environments on a global scale, ranging from the Cretaceous (145.5 Ma) to the Pleistocene (0.01 Ma).
Methods: For 736 reef sites, we tested if the fractions of coral reefs are positively correlated with the fractions of those reefs with CCA as secondary reef builders. Implementing generalized linear models (GLM), we tested if fluctuations in the functioning of CCA as secondary reef builders can be explained by the diversification of herbivores or other potential explanatory variables – sea level, δ18O, CO2 and CCA species diversity.
Results:
The presence of CCA was found to positively correlate with the abundance of coral reefs throughout the analysed period. Model results show that the probability that reefs contain CCA as major reef builders increases with CCA diversity and δ18O while the presence of newly evolved herbivores has a negative effect. High correlations between explanatory variables limit the interpretation of model results.
Main conclusions:
The presence of CCA is crucial for the formation of coral reefs. This facilitation suffered two crises probably linked to diversification of major herbivore groups. As CCA have evolved adaptations to grazing pressure they now facilitate the formation of modern coral reefs.
German paleontology has a long
Islands harbour evolutionary and ecologically unique biota, which are currently disproportionately threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic factors, including habitat loss, invasive species and climate change. Native forests on oceanic islands are important refu- gia for endemic species, many of which are rare and highly threatened. Long-term monitor- ing schemes for those biota and ecosystems are urgently needed: (i) to provide quantitative baselines for detecting changes within island ecosystems, (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of conservation and management actions, and (iii) to identify general ecological patterns and processes using multiple island systems as repeated ‘natural experiments’. In this contribu- tion, we call for a Global Island Monitoring Scheme (GIMS) for monitoring the remaining native island forests, using bryophytes, vascular plants, selected groups of arthropods and vertebrates as model taxa. As a basis for the GIMS, we also present new, optimized monitor- ing protocols for bryophytes and arthropods that were developed based on former standard- ized inventory protocols. Effective inventorying and monitoring of native island forests will require: (i) permanent plots covering diverse ecological gradients (e.g. elevation, age of ter- rain, anthropogenic disturbance); (ii) a multiple-taxa approach that is based on standardized and replicable protocols; (iii) a common set of indicator taxa and community properties that are indicative of native island forests’ welfare, building on, and harmonized with existing sampling and monitoring efforts; (iv) capacity building and training of local researchers, col- laboration and continuous dialogue with local stakeholders; and (v) long-term commitment by funding agencies to maintain a global network of native island forest monitoring plots.
We conducted simulations with artificial data for five common response types known in ecology, each represented by a simple function (no response, linear, exponential, symmetric unimodal and asymmetric unimodal). In the simulations, we accounted for different levels of random and systematic error, the two sources of noise in ecological data. We quantified prediction success for varying total sample size, number of locations sampled along a spatial/temporal gradient and number of replicates per sampled location.
The number of replicates becomes more important with increasing random error, whereas replicates become less relevant for a systematic error bigger than 20% of total variation. Thus, if high levels of systematic error are indicated or expected (e.g. in field studies with spatial autocorrelation, unaccountable additional environmental drivers or population clustering), continuous sampling with little to no replication is recommended. In contrast, sampling designs with replications are recommended in studies that can control for systematic errors. In a setting that is characteristic for ecological experiments and field studies strictly controlling for undeterminable systematic error (random error ≥10% and systematic error ≤10% of total variation), prediction success was best for an intermediate number of sampled locations along the gradient (10–15) and a low number of replicates per location (3).
Our findings from reproducible, statistical simulations will help design appropriate and efficient sampling approaches and avoid erroneous conclusions based on studies with flawed sampling design, which is currently one of the main targets of public criticism against science.},
author = {Schweiger, Andreas H. and Irl, Severin D. H. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Dengler, Juergen and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.12495},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {ANOVA; Curve fitting; Ecological experiment; Experimental design; Model selection; Regression analysis; Replication; Sampling design; Simulation},
pages = {463-471},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Optimizing} sampling approaches along ecological gradients},
volume = {7},
year = {2016}
}
@article{faucris.273206585,
abstract = {Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans are a group of ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic relationships inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data for 395 cheilostomes and combine these with 315 published sequences to infer relationships and the timing of key events among c. 500 cheilostome species. We find that named cheilostome genera and species are phylogenetically coherent, rendering fossil or contemporary specimens readily delimited using only skeletal morphology. Our phylogeny shows that parental care in the form of brooding evolved several times independently but was never lost in cheilostomes. Our fossil calibration, robust to varied assumptions, indicates that the cheilostome lineage and parental care therein could have Paleozoic origins, much older than the first known fossil record of cheilostomes in the Late Jurassic.},
author = {Orr, Russell J.S. and Martino, Emanuela Di and Ramsfjell, Mali H. and Gordon, Dennis P. and Berning, Björn and Chowdhury, Ismael and Craig, Sean and Cumming, Robyn L. and Figuerola, Blanca and Florence, Wayne and Harmelin, Jean Georges and Hirose, Masato and Huang, Danwei and Jain, Sudhanshi S. and Jenkins, Helen L. and Kotenko, Olga N. and Kuklinski, Piotr and Lee, Hannah E. and Madurell, Teresa and McCann, Linda and Mello, Hannah L. and Obst, Matthias and Ostrovsky, Andrew N. and Paulay, Gustav and Porter, Joanne S. and Shunatova, Natalia N. and Smith, Abigail M. and Souto-Derungs, Javier and Vieira, Leandro M. and Voje, Kjetil L. and Waeschenbach, Andrea and Zágoršek, Kamil and Warnock, Rachel and Liow, Lee Hsiang},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm7452},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Science Advances},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15},
pages = {eabm7452-},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Paleozoic} origins of cheilostome bryozoans and their parental care inferred by a new genome-skimmed phylogeny},
volume = {8},
year = {2022}
}
@article{faucris.118168424,
abstract = {We asked: (i) Which environmental factors determine the level of α-diversity at several scales and β-diversity in steppic grasslands? (ii) How do the effects of environmental factors on α- and β-diversity vary between the different taxonomic groups (vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens)? We sampled nested-plot series ranging from 0.0001 to 100 m2 and additional 10-m2 plots, covering different vegetation types and management regimes in steppes and semi-natural dry grasslands of Central Podolia (Ukraine). We recorded all terricolous taxa and used topographic, soil, land-use and climatic variables as predictors. Richness-environment relationships at different scales and across taxonomic groups were assessed with multimodel inference. We also fitted power-law species-area relationships, using the exponent (z value) as a measure of β-diversity. In general, the richness values in the study region were intermediate compared to those known from similar grasslands throughout the Palaearctic, but for 1 cm2 we found seven species of vascular plants, a new world record. Heat index was the most important factor for vascular plants and bryophytes (negative relation), while lichen diversity depended mainly on stone and rock cover (positive). The explanatory power of climate-related variables increased with increasing grain size, while anthropogenic burning was the most important factor for richness patterns at the finest grain sizes (positive effect). The z values showed more variation at the finest grain sizes, but no significant differences in their mean between scales. The results highlight the importance of integrating scale into ecological analyses and nature conservation assessments in order to understand and manage biological diversity in steppe ecosystems.},
author = {Kuzemko, Anna A. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Becker, Thomas and Didukh, Yakiv P. and Dolnik, Christian and Jeschke, Michael and Naqinezhad, Alireza and Ugurlu, Emin and Vassilev, Kiril and Dengler, Juergen},
doi = {10.1007/s10531-016-1060-7},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
keywords = {Biodiversity; Bryophyte; Lichen; Scale dependence; Species richness; Species-area relationship},
pages = {2233-2250},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Patterns} and drivers of phytodiversity in steppe grasslands of {Central} {Podolia} ({Ukraine})},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{faucris.123611004,
abstract = {Treeline research has strongly focused on mountain systems on the mainland. However, island treelines offer the opportunity to contribute to the global framework on treeline elevation due to their island-specific attributes such as isolation, small area, low species richness and relative youth. We hypothesize that, similar to the mainland, latitude-driven temperature variation is the most important determinant of island treeline elevation on a global scale. To test this hypothesis, we compared mainland with island treeline elevations. Then we focused 1) on the global effects of latitude, 2) on the regional effects of island type (continental vs oceanic islands) and 3) the local effects of several specific island characteristics (age, area, maximum island elevation, isolation and plant species richness). We collected a global dataset of islands (n = 86) by applying a stratified design using GoogleEarth and the Global Island Database. For each island we extracted data on latitude and local characteristics. Treeline elevation decreased from the mainland through continental to oceanic islands. Island treeline elevation followed a hump-shaped latitudinal distribution, which is fundamentally different from the mainland double-hump. Higher maximum island elevation generated higher treeline elevation and was found the best single predictor of island treeline elevation, even better than latitude. Lower island treeline elevation may be the result of a low mass elevation effect (MEE) influencing island climates and an increasingly impoverished species pool but also trade wind inversion-associated aridity. The maximum island elevation effect possibly results from an increasing mass elevation effect (MEE) with increasing island elevation but also range shifts during climatic fluctuations and the summit syndrome (i.e. high wind speeds and poor soils in peak regions). Investigating islands in treeline research has enabled disentangling the global effect of latitude from regional and local effects and, at least for islands, a comprehensive quantification of the MEE.},
author = {Irl, Severin D. H. and Anthelme, Fabien and Harter, David E. V. and Jentsch, Anke and Lotter, Elisabeth and Steinbauer, Manuel and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1111/ecog.01266},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Ecography},
pages = {427-436},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Patterns} of island treeline elevation - a global perspective},
volume = {39},
year = {2016}
}
@article{faucris.123766324,
abstract = {Ecosystems that provide environmental opportunities but are poor in species and functional richness generally support speciation as well as invasion processes. These processes are expected not to be equally effective along elevational gradients due to specific ecological, spatial, and anthropogenic filters, thus controlling the dispersal and establishment of species. Here, we investigate speciation and invasion processes along elevational gradients. We assess the vascular plant species richness as well as the number and percentage of endemic species and non-native species systematically along three elevational gradients covering large parts of the climatic range of La Palma, Canary Islands. Species richness was negatively correlated with elevation, while the percentage of Canary endemic species showed a positive relationship. However, the percentage of Canary–Madeira endemics did not show a relationship with elevation. Non-native species richness (indicating invasion) peaked at 500 m elevation and showed a consistent decline until about 1,200 m elevation. Above that limit, no non-native species were present in the studied elevational gradients. Ecological, anthropogenic, and spatial filters control richness, diversification, and invasion with elevation. With increase in elevation, richness decreases due to species–area relationships. Ecological limitations of native ruderal species related to anthropogenic pressure are in line with the absence of non-native species from high elevations indicating directional ecological filtering. Increase in ecological isolation with elevation drives diversification and thus increased percentages of Canary endemics. The best preserved eastern transect, including mature laurel forests, is an exception. The high percentage of Canary–Madeira endemics indicates the cloud forest's environmental uniqueness—and thus ecological isolation—beyond the Macaronesian islands.},
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Irl, Severin D. H. and Maria Gonzalez-Mancebo, Juana and Breiner, Frank T. and Hernandez-Hernandez, Raquel and Hopfenmueller, Sebastian and Kidane, Yohannes and Jentsch, Anke and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.2640},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {alien species; altitudinal gradient; colonization; diversification; diversity; endemism; exotic; high-elevation ecosystems; island biogeography},
pages = {771-779},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Plant} invasion and speciation along elevational gradients on the oceanic island {La} {Palma}, {Canary} {Islands}},
volume = {7},
year = {2017}
}
@article{faucris.120810844,
abstract = {Within-species and among-species differences in growth responses to a changing climate have been well documented, yet the relative magnitude of within-species vs. among-species variation has remained largely unexplored. This missing comparison impedes our ability to make general predictions of biodiversity change and to project future species distributions using models. We present a direct comparison of among- versus within-species variation in response to three of the main stresses anticipated with climate change: drought, warming, and frost. Two earlier experiments had experimentally induced (i) summer drought and (ii) spring frost for four common European grass species and their ecotypes from across Europe. To supplement existing data, a third experiment was carried out, to compare variation among species from different functional groups to within-species variation. Here, we simulated (iii) winter warming plus frost for four grasses, two nonleguminous, and two leguminous forbs, in addition to eleven European ecotypes of the widespread grass Arrhenatherum elatius. For each experiment, we measured: (i) C/N ratio and biomass, (ii) chlorophyll content and biomass, and (iii) plant greenness, root 15N uptake, and live and dead tissue mass. Using coefficients of variation (CVs) for each experiment and response parameter, a total of 156 within- vs. among-species comparisons were conducted, comparing within-species variation in each of four species with among-species variation for each seed origin (five countries). Of the six significant differences, within-species CVs were higher than among-species CVs in four cases. Partitioning of variance within each treatment in two of the three experiments showed that within-species variability (ecotypes) could explain an additional 9% of response variation after accounting for the among-species variation. Our observation that within-species variation was generally as high as among-species variation emphasizes the importance of including both within- and among-species variability in ecological theory (e.g., the insurance hypothesis) and for practical applications (e.g., biodiversity conservation).},
author = {Malyshev, Andrey V. and Khan, Mohammed A. S. Arfin and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Steinbauer, Manuel and Henry, Hugh A. L. and Jentsch, Anke and Dengler, Juergen and Willner, Evelin and Kreyling, Juergen},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.13114},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Global Change Biology},
keywords = {Disturbance; Extreme climatic events; Genetic diversity; Inter-specific variation; Intraspecific variation; Niche models; Provenance},
pages = {449-464},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Plant} responses to climatic extremes: {Within}-species variation equals among-species variation},
volume = {22},
year = {2016}
}
@article{faucris.119427484,
abstract = {Space requirements by winter sports and accelerating global warming are usually perceived as stressors for mountain meadow plant communities. Cross-country ski track preparation (i.e. grooming), however, might retard effects of climate change and, being limited in space requirements, might increase abiotic heterogeneity. The effect of cross-country ski tracks on meadow vegetation was quantified along a representative ski track that had been operated for 30 years in the Fichtelgebirge, a low mountain range in central Europe. Paired sampling was implemented to assess the effect of skiing operations on snow and soil properties, plant phenology, biomass production and species composition. Additionally, boosted regression tree analyses were used to quantify the relative importance of the cross-country ski track compared to other environmental conditions.
The cross-country ski track strongly increased snow density, enhanced soil frost, and retarded snowmelt, thereby delaying flower phenology (by 2.1 days) and the early development stages of plant species on the track. However, biomass, species richness and species composition were unaffected by skiing operations except for one species (Leontodon autumnalis) showing exclusive occurrence on the track while four others showed reduced relative occurrence on the track.
While snow and soil properties were influenced by cross-country ski track preparation, natural environmental variability was more influential for species composition and biomass production than the ski track. We therefore conclude that the ski track – without artificial snow – did not negatively affect species composition. By delaying flower phenology, effects of the ski track even counteracted global warming to some degree. Due to their small spatial extent in the landscape, these ski tracks may add to environmental heterogeneity and thus support sustaining diverse species compositions during environmental changes.},
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Kreyling, Jürgen and Stöhr, Caroline and Audorff, Volker},
doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2017.10.003},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
pages = {30-40},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Positive} sport-biosphere interactions? − {Cross}-country skiing delays spring phenology of meadow vegetation},
volume = {27},
year = {2018}
}
@article{faucris.120820524,
abstract = {Historic buildings are important for cultural history and provide a variety of habitats for animals and plants. Especially structural heterogeneity of wall surfaces is perceived to support biological diversity. Nevertheless, in traditional approaches goals of biodiversity preservation and monument restoration are perceived to interfere and to be mutually exclusive. As a consequence, priority is often given to constructional restoration accepting the loss of local populations and biodiversity. At walls of medieval castles, including an experimental restoration project where conventional and less intensive restoration techniques were applied, we relate species composition and richness to wall properties. Especially wall surface structure is quantified using a novel approach. The study focuses on lichens, mosses and vascular plants. Boosted regression tree analyses and non-metric multidimensional scaling techniques are applied to detect the influence of abiotic site conditions on biodiversity. We find species richness to be promoted by wall surface heterogeneity. However, species composition is more affected by restoration approaches than species richness. Lichen composition varies considerably while vascular plants and mosses are less affected by wall properties. We suggest strategies that are combining both societal targets, the preservation of historic monuments and of species diversity. Careful restoration is capable of supporting both, the maintenance of cultural heritage and of rare and unique anthropogenic habitats. Wall surface heterogeneity needs to be witnessed for both aspects as it affects both species composition as well as the effectiveness of cleaning methods.},
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Gohlke, Andreas and Mahler, Christine and Schmiedinger, Andreas and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
doi = {10.1016/j.culher.2012.06.003},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Journal of Cultural Heritage},
keywords = {Biodegradation; Biodeterioration; Historic buildings; Monuments; Nature conservation; Wall vegetation},
pages = {219-228},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Quantification} of wall surface heterogeneity and its influence on species diversity at medieval castles - implications for the environmentally friendly preservation of cultural heritage},
volume = {14},
year = {2013}
}
@article{faucris.119498104,
abstract = {The general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography integrates temporal changes in ecological circumstances with diversification processes, and has stimulated current research in island biogeography. In the original publication, a set of testable hypotheses was analysed using regression models: specifically, whether island data for four diversity indices are consistent with the ‘B~ATT2’ model, in which B is a diversity index, A is log(area) and T is time. The four indices were species richness, the number and percentage of single‐island endemic species, and a diversification index. Whether the relationships between these indices and time are unimodal (i.e., ‘hump‐shaped’) was a key focus, based on the characteristic ontogeny of a volcanic oceanic island. However, the significance testing unintentionally used zero, rather than the mean of the diversity index, as the null hypothesis, greatly inflating F‐ values and reducing P‐values compared with the standard regression approach. Here we first re‐analyze the data used to evaluate the general dynamic model in the seminal paper, using the standard null hypothesis, to provide an important qualification of its empirical results. This supports the significance of about half the original tests, the rest becoming non‐significant but mostly suggestive of the hypothesized relationship. Then we expand the original analysis by testing additional, theoretically derived functional relationships between the diversity indices, island area and time, within the framework of the ATT2 model and using a mixed‐effects modelling approach. This shows that species richness peaks earlier in island life‐cycles than endemism. Area has a greater effect on species richness and the number of single‐island endemics than on the proportion of single‐island endemics and the diversification index, and was always better fit as a log–log relationship than as a semi‐log one. Finally, the richness–time relationship is positively skewed, the initial rise happening much more quickly than the later decline.},
author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Dolos, Klara and Field, Richard and Reineking, Björn and Beierkuhnlein, Carl},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Frontiers of Biogeography},
pages = {185-194},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Re}-evaluating the general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography},
volume = {5},
year = {2013}
}
@article{faucris.315097017,
author = {Klug, Christian and Stevens, Kevin and Hoffmann, René and Zatoń, Michał and Clements, Thomas and Košťák, Martin and Weis, Robert and De Baets, Kenneth and Lehmann, Jens and Vinther, Jakob and Fuchs, Dirk},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-023-42842-x},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Nature Communications},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-15},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Revisiting} the identification of {Syllipsimopodi} bideni and timing of the decabrachian-octobrachian divergence},
volume = {14},
year = {2023}
}
@article{faucris.118169304,
author = {Polyakova, Mariya A. and Dembicz, Iwona and Becker, Thomas and Becker, Ute and Demina, Olga N. and Ermakov, Nikolai and Filibeck, Goffredo and Guarino, Riccardo and Janisova, Monika and Jaunatre, Renaud and Kozub, Lukasz and Steinbauer, Manuel and Suzuki, Kohei and Dengler, Juergen},
doi = {10.1007/s10531-016-1093-y},
faupublication = {no},
journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
keywords = {Biodiversity; Bryophyte; Environmental factor; Lichen; Species richness; Species–area relationship},
pages = {2251-2273},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Scale}- and taxon-dependent patterns of plant diversity in steppes of {Khakassia}, {South} {Siberia} ({Russia})},
volume = {25},
year = {2016}
}
@article{faucris.245889074,
abstract = {Simulations are playing an increasingly important role in paleobiology. When designing a simulation study, many decisions have to be made and common challenges will be encountered along the way. Here, we outline seven rules for executing a good simulation study. We cover topics including the choice of study question, the empirical data used as a basis for the study, statistical and methodological concerns, how to validate the study, and how to ensure it can be reproduced and extended by others. We hope that these rules and the accompanying examples will guide paleobiologists when using simulation tools to address fundamental questions about the evolution of life. },
author = {Barido-Sottani, Joëlle and Saupe, Erin E. and Smiley, Tara M. and Soul, Laura C. and Wright, April M. and Warnock, Rachel},
doi = {10.1017/pab.2020.30},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Paleobiology},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-11-27},
pages = {435-444},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Seven} rules for simulations in paleobiology},
volume = {46},
year = {2020}
}
@article{faucris.228584010,
abstract = {Aim: Species–area relationships (SARs) are fundamental scaling laws in ecology although their shape is still disputed. At larger areas, power laws best represent SARs. Yet, it remains unclear whether SARs follow other shapes at finer spatial grains in continuous vegetation. We asked which function describes SARs best at small grains and explored how sampling methodology or the environment influence SAR shape. Location: Palaearctic grasslands and other non-forested habitats. Taxa: Vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Methods: We used the GrassPlot database, containing standardized vegetation-plot data from vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens spanning a wide range of grassland types throughout the Palaearctic and including 2,057 nested-plot series with at least seven grain sizes ranging from 1 cm2 to 1,024 m2. Using nonlinear regression, we assessed the appropriateness of different SAR functions (power, power quadratic, power breakpoint, logarithmic, Michaelis–Menten). Based on AICc, we tested whether the ranking of functions differed among taxonomic groups, methodological settings, biomes or vegetation types. Results: The power function was the most suitable function across the studied taxonomic groups. The superiority of this function increased from lichens to bryophytes to vascular plants to all three taxonomic groups together. The sampling method was highly influential as rooted presence sampling decreased the performance of the power function. By contrast, biome and vegetation type had practically no influence on the superiority of the power law. Main conclusions: We conclude that SARs of sessile organisms at smaller spatial grains are best approximated by a power function. This coincides with several other comprehensive studies of SARs at different grain sizes and for different taxa, thus supporting the general appropriateness of the power function for modelling species diversity over a wide range of grain sizes. The poor performance of the Michaelis–Menten function demonstrates that richness within plant communities generally does not approach any saturation, thus calling into question the concept of minimal area.},
author = {Dengler, Jürgen and Matthews, Thomas J. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Wolfrum, Sebastian and Boch, Steffen and Chiarucci, Alessandro and Conradi, Timo and Dembicz, Iwona and Marcenò, Corrado and García-Mijangos, Itziar and Nowak, Arkadiusz and Storch, David and Ulrich, Werner and Campos, Juan Antonio and Cancellieri, Laura and Carboni, Marta and Ciaschetti, Giampiero and De Frenne, Pieter and Dolezal, Jiri and Dolnik, Christian and Essl, Franz and Fantinato, Edy and Filibeck, Goffredo and Grytnes, John Arvid and Guarino, Riccardo and Güler, Behlül and Janišová, Monika and Klichowska, Ewelina and Kozub, Łukasz and Kuzemko, Anna and Manthey, Michael and Mimet, Anne and Naqinezhad, Alireza and Pedersen, Christian and Peet, Robert K. and Pellissier, Vincent and Pielech, Remigiusz and Potenza, Giovanna and Rosati, Leonardo and Terzi, Massimo and Valkó, Orsolya and Vynokurov, Denys and White, Hannah and Winkler, Manuela and Biurrun, Idoia},
doi = {10.1111/jbi.13697},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
keywords = {logarithmic function; Michaelis–Menten function; minimal area; nested-plot sampling; nonlinear regression; Palaearctic grassland; plant biodiversity; power law; scaling law; species–area relationship (SAR)},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-11-01},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Species}–area relationships in continuous vegetation: {Evidence} from {Palaearctic} grasslands},
year = {2019}
}
@article{faucris.287836898,
abstract = {Green-grey coloured reduction spots are common in continental red beds through geological history and occur in a range of different lithologies and depositional environments, but their timing and mode of formation remain controversial. We investigate the Late Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene Jiaozhou Formation using borehole data from the Jiaolai Basin in Shandong province of eastern China, and consider the distribution, morphology, and geochemistry of reduction spots in these continental red beds to evaluate how the reduction spots formed. Here, we report a novel application of three-dimensional X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) to analyse reduction spot morphology, composition and density. Our data show that individual reduction spots are spheroidal, tubular or irregular shaped, and often contain small, grey, dark brown or black organic cores, referred to as loci. Typically, reduction spots have a similar chemical composition to the host red beds, but with elevated levels of vanadium (V), lower levels of iron (Fe), and lower density. Isolated, small refractory fossils (e.g., charcoal) in the sediment alongside reduction spots but not within them indicates that microbial decay of organic labile (reactive) tissues in early diagenesis is an important control in reduction spot formation. We propose a new taphonomic model of reduction spot formation: post burial, during the primary sedimentary cycle in the groundwater zone, vanadium is released by intrastratal oxidation of titanomagnetite. Decay of organic matter creates localised reducing conditions resulting in the reduction of Fe3+ and the eventual depletion or removal of the resulting Fe2+ (altering the colour of the reduction spot). Simultaneously, the reduction of V4+ and the consequent lowering of the concentration of V as V2+ minerals occur in the reduction spot, explaining their lower density than the host sediment.},
author = {Fu, Wenzhao and Turner, Peter and Clements, Thomas and Spencer, Alan R.T. and Yu, Jifeng and Yang, Yu and Guo, Bangjie and Ning, Zhenguo and Zhuo, Xizhun and Riley, Michael S. and Hilton, Jason},
doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2022.105533},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
keywords = {3D X-ray Computed Tomography analysis; Continental red beds; Diagenesis; Redox; Taphonomy; Vanadium},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-01-20},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{Taphonomic} and diagenetic implications of reduction spot formation in {Cretaceous} red beds from the {Jiaolai} {Basin}, {Eastern} {China}},
volume = {243},
year = {2023}
}
@article{faucris.255847564,
abstract = {Topography influences evolutionary and ecological processes by isolating populations and enhancing habitat diversity. While the effects of large-scale topography on patterns of species richness and endemism are increasingly well documented, the direct effect of local topography on endemism is less understood. This study compares different aspects of topographic isolation, namely the isolating effect of deep barrancos (ravines) and the effect of increasing isolation with elevation in influencing patterns of plant endemism within a topographically diverse oceanic island (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain). We collected plant presence-absence data from 75 plots in 8 barrancos on the northern coast of La Palma, spanning an elevation gradient from 95 to 674m a.s.l. Using mixed-effects models, we assessed the effect of barranco depth and elevation on the percentage of single-island endemics, multi-island endemics, and archipelago endemics. We found that percent endemism was not significantly correlated with barranco depth and correlated negatively with elevation within barrancos (rather than the expected positive relationship). The topographic barriers associated with the deep island barrancos thus appear insufficient to drive speciation through isolation in oceanic island plants. The decrease in endemism with elevation contradicts findings by previous broader-scale studies and it may reflect local influences, such as high habitat heterogeneity at low elevations.},
author = {Cutts, Vanessa and Katal, Negin and Löwer, Caroline and Algar, Adam C. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Irl, Severin D. H. and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Field, Richard},
doi = {10.21425/F5FBG43737},
faupublication = {yes},
journal = {Frontiers of Biogeography},
keywords = {Barranco; Elevation; Endemism; Islands; Isolation; La palma; Ravine; Topography},
note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-20},
peerreviewed = {Yes},
title = {{The} effect of small-scale topography on patterns of endemism within islands},
volume = {11},
year = {2019}
}
@article{faucris.118169524,
abstract = {
Aim: The general dynamic model (GDM) proposed by Whittaker et al. (2008) has become a widely accepted theoretical framework in island biogeography. In this study, we explore whether GDM predictions hold when overall plant diversity is deconstructed into major plant families.
Location: 101 islands from 14 oceanic archipelagos world-wide.
Methods: Occurrence data for all species of nine large, cosmopolitan flowering plant families were used to test predictions derived from the GDM. We analysed the effects of island area and age on species richness as well as number and percentage of single-island endemic species per family using mixed-effect models.
Results: Total species and endemic richness as well as the percentage of endemic species showed the predicted hump-shaped relationship with island age. The overall pattern was mainly driven by few species-rich plant families. Varying patterns were found for individual families, some of them opposing the general trend. In most cases, native and endemic species richness peaked much earlier in the island life cycle than suggested by the GDM. The contribution of area to the explained variation of all dependent variables was much higher than that of island age.
Main conclusions: The results suggest that biodiversity-age relationships reported for large taxonomic groups like plants are driven by only a few species-rich clades. The way these families influence the overall patterns of species richness and endemism is related to family-specific properties, such as evolutionary history or dispersal strategies. Deviances from the GDM predictions can hence largely be explained by family characteristics and considering taxon-specific traits may help to further improve the explanatory power of the GDM. Families not following the expectations, like Orchidaceae, may be particularly valuable candidates to unveil so far neglected drivers of island biogeographical patterns.
}, author = {Lenzner, Bernd and Weigelt, Patrick and Kreft, Holger and Beierkuhnlein, Carl and Steinbauer, Manuel}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.12906}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {general dynamic model; island biogeographical theory; island endemism; mixed-effect models; oceanic islands; scale effect}, pages = {1029-1040}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{The} general dynamic model of island biogeography revisited at the level of major flowering plant families}, volume = {44}, year = {2017} } @article{faucris.120830644, abstract = {Roadsides are habitats with very specific environmental conditions, often substantially differing from their natural surroundings. However, roads can have a positive effect on local vascular plant species richness. Endemic species on oceanic islands are considered to be less disturbance-adapted than native non-endemics and thus should be negatively affected by roads. Islands provide optimal conditions for testing this, as they possess a large share of clearly defined endemic species. This study focuses on a comparison of endemic plant species in roadside and surrounding communities and the interacting effects of elevation, vegetation type and trade wind-induced precipitation differences. We applied 96 circular plots with 50 m radius along two elevational gradients on the eastern (humid) and western (dry) slope of La Palma, Canary Islands, ranging from 100 to 2,400 m. Interestingly, we found roads to have a significant positive effect on endemic richness and the percentage of endemics as well as the same tendency for plant species richness after correcting for elevation and precipitation. Endemic species turnover was relatively high. The opening of cliffs during construction and, not to be overlooked, the protection from disturbances such as fire and omnipresent introduced herbivores (mainly rabbits or goats) probably leads to a positive effect of roads on endemics. In addition, many endemics might profit from species-specific dispersal capabilities well suited for roadside conditions. However, we do not argue for the use or even construction of roads for nature conservation but suggest protecting existing endemic populations because natural areas have a higher conservation value.}, author = {Irl, Severin and Steinbauer, Manuel and Epperlein, Lilith and Harter, David and Jentsch, Anke and Pätz, Susanne and Wohlfart, Christian and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1007/s10531-014-0722-6}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, keywords = {Canary Islands; Disturbance; Elevational gradient; Endemic richness; Road ecology; Vascular plant species}, pages = {2273-2287}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{The} {Hitchhiker}'s guide to island endemism: {Biodiversity} and endemic perennial plant species in roadside and surrounding vegetation}, volume = {23}, year = {2014} } @article{faucris.225561578, abstract = {Terceira Island (Azores archipelago, central Atlantic Ocean) presents a unique but poorly studied Quaternary palaeobotanical record. Among the sites referenced in the literature, Fanal Bay, within Angra do Heroísmo city, is known at least since the 1940s. Field prospection in the summer of 2016 revealed two layers of leaf fossils with an unexpected fossil abundance. The preliminary results showed that these represented autochthonous or para-autochthonous (T0) fossil assemblages, preserved by the emplacement of ash or lapilli layers by volcanic events, in a leaf litter of a laurel palaeoforest. Unfortunately, in 2018, the site was destroyed due to development works to consolidate and requalify the Fanal Bay cliff from further sea erosion. This prevented a detailed study and the ex situ preservation of an important palaeontological site, within the Azores UNESCO Global Geopark. With this work, we hope to call the attention to the need of implementing geoconservation strategies in order to prevent the destruction of important geoheritage within the Azores Islands and to transpose this warning to other geoconservationists in oceanic islands worldwide.}, author = {Góis-Marques, Carlos A. and Elias, Rui B. and Steinbauer, Manuel and de Nascimento, Lea and Fernández-Palacios, José María and de Sequeira, Miguel Menezes and Madeira, José}, doi = {10.1007/s12371-019-00401-1}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Geoheritage}, keywords = {Anthropic impact; Azores Islands; Geoconservation; Macaronesia; Palaeobotany}, note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-09-03}, peerreviewed = {unknown}, title = {{The} {Loss} of a {Unique} {Palaeobotanical} {Site} in {Terceira} {Island} {Within} the {Azores} {UNESCO} {Global} {Geopark} ({Portugal})}, year = {2019} } @article{faucris.277090624, abstract = {Phylodynamic models generally aim at jointly inferring phylogenetic relationships, model parameters, and more recently, the number of lineages through time, based on molecular sequence data. In the fields of epidemiology and macroevolution, these models can be used to estimate, respectively, the past number of infected individuals (prevalence) or the past number of species (paleodiversity) through time. Recent years have seen the development of "total-evidence" analyses, which combine molecular and morphological data from extant and past sampled individuals in a unified Bayesian inference framework. Even sampled individuals characterized only by their sampling time, that is, lacking morphological and molecular data, which we call occurrences, provide invaluable information to estimate the past number of lineages. Here, we present new methodological developments around the fossilized birth-death process enabling us to (i) incorporate occurrence data in the likelihood function; (ii) consider piecewise-constant birth, death, and sampling rates; and (iii) estimate the past number of lineages, with or without knowledge of the underlying tree. We implement our method in the RevBayes software environment, enabling its use along with a large set of models of molecular and morphological evolution, and validate the inference workflow using simulations under a wide range of conditions. We finally illustrate our new implementation using two empirical data sets stemming from the fields of epidemiology and macroevolution. In epidemiology, we infer the prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak on the Diamond Princess ship, by taking into account jointly the case count record (occurrences) along with viral sequences for a fraction of infected individuals. In macroevolution, we infer the diversity trajectory of cetaceans using molecular and morphological data from extant taxa, morphological data from fossils, as well as numerous fossil occurrences. The joint modeling of occurrences and trees holds the promise to further bridge the gap between traditional epidemiology and pathogen genomics, as well as paleontology and molecular phylogenetics. [Birth-death model; epidemiology; fossils; macroevolution; occurrences; phylogenetics; skyline.]}, author = {Andreoletti, Jeremy and Zwaans, Antoine and Warnock, Rachel and Aguirre-Fernandez, Gabriel and Barido-Sottani, Joelle and Gupta, Ankit and Stadler, Tanja and Manceau, Marc}, doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syac037}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Systematic Biology}, note = {CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-06-24}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{The} {Occurrence} {Birth}-{Death} {Process} for {Combined}-{Evidence} {Analysis} in {Macroevolution} and {Epidemiology}}, year = {2022} } @article{faucris.118169744, author = {Warren, Steven D. and Alt, Martin and Olson, Keith D. and Irl, Severin D. H. and Steinbauer, Manuel and Jentsch, Anke}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.006}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Ecological Informatics}, keywords = {Biodiversity; Heterogeneous disturbance; IKONOS; Plant diversity; Remote sensing}, pages = {160-168}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{The} relationship between the spectral diversity of satellite imagery, habitat heterogeneity, and plant species richness}, volume = {24}, year = {2014} } @article{faucris.123612544, abstract = {Aim: The application of island biogeography theory in habitat fragmentation research assumes a simple relationship between species richness and fragment area. However, previous work has suggested that in some cases thresholds can be detected, at which the form of the island species–area relationship (ISAR) changes abruptly. Piecewise regression has been advocated as a suitable statistical technique to model such thresholds. Here we first provide a comparative analysis of piecewise regression models to determine the prevalence and type of thresholds in habitat island ISARs. Second, we evaluate piecewise regression as a method for locating thresholds in the ISAR, with particular emphasis on the implications of data transformation.Location: World-wide.
Methods: Seventy-six habitat island datasets were sourced from the literature. An information theoretic approach was employed to compare linear regression ISAR models with piecewise regression models. The models were applied to untransformed (species–area), semi-log (species–log area) and log–log (log species–log area) data. Three types of piecewise regression models were evaluated: continuous, discontinuous and zero slope. Model performance was compared using the Akaike information criterion. We also examined the influence on model performance of taxon, number of habitat islands, and area of smallest island.
Results: Linear regression models performed best, although piecewise models were preferred in a number of cases. Cases in which no model was significant were most prevalent in untransformed space relative to the semi-log and log–log transformations. Piecewise fits were more prevalent in datasets with a larger numbers of islands.
Main conclusions: Data transformation is a key part of model selection and needs to be explicitly considered, especially in terms of drawing inferences from models. Piecewise models, even if selected as the favoured model in our analyses, were often ecologically unintelligible in relation to area alone. When detected, breakpoint values ranged over five orders of magnitude, although with one exception all were under 50 ha. Our findings highlight the limitations of using individual threshold values to inform conservation practice.}, author = {Matthews, Thomas and Steinbauer, Manuel and Tzirkalli, Elli and Triantis, Kostas and Whittaker, Robert}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.12286}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {Breakpoint values; Conservation biogeography; Habitat islands; Island biogeography; Piecewise regression; Scale dependency; Small island effect; Species-area relationship; Thresholds}, pages = {1018-1028}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Thresholds} and the species-area relationship: {A} synthetic analysis of habitat island datasets}, volume = {41}, year = {2014} } @article{faucris.112030644, abstract = {Toarctocera, a new gastropod genus of the family Aporrhaidae (Stromboidea) is described for Rostellaria subpunctata. It occurs in Central Europe (S Germany, N Switzerland, and France) and is commonly one of the most abundant gastropods in Late Toarcian/Early Aalenian soft bottom faunas. Toarctocera subpunctata has extremely elongated apertural spines; this has been interpreted as an adaptation to extremely soft-bottom conditions (snowshoe strategy). The new genus represents one of the earliest certain aporrhaids (Stromboidea). Aporrhaids are probably as old as Late Triassic, and possible Triassic and Early Jurassic species are discussed. Spiniloma is proposed as a nomen novum in order to replace the homonym Spinigera and consequently the family Spinilomatinae replaces the Spinigeridae. The sister group of Stromboidea still needs to be identified. A previously suggested sister group relationship with the Heteropoda is seen as unlikely. © Springer-Verlag 2009.}, author = {Gründel, Joachim and Nützel, Alexander and Schulbert, Christian}, doi = {10.1007/s12542-009-0037-1}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Palaeontologische Zeitschrift}, keywords = {Aporrhaidae; Gastropoda; Jurassic; Phylogeny; Stromboidea; Taxonomy}, note = {UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IGM.LP.toarct}, pages = {533-543}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Toarctocera} ({Gastropoda}, {Aporrhaidae}): a new genus from the {Jurassic} ({Toarcian}/{Aalenian}) of {South} {Germany} and the early evolutionary history of the family {Aporrhaidae}}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0037-1&sa{\_}campaign=Email/ACE/Paginated}, volume = {83}, year = {2009} } @article{faucris.123766764, author = {Steinbauer, Manuel and Field, Richard and Grytnes, John-Arvid and Trigas, Panayiotis and Ah-Peng, Claudine and Attorre, Fabio and Birks, H. John B. and Borges, Paulo A. V. and Cardoso, Pedro and Chou, Chang-Hung and De Sanctis, Michele and De Sequeira, Miguel M. and Duarte, Maria C. and Elias, Rui B. and Maria Fernandez-Palacios, Jose and Gabriel, Rosalina and Gereau, Roy E. and Gillespie, Rosemary G. and Greimler, Josef and Harter, David E. V. and Huang, Tsurng-Juhn and Irl, Severin D. H. and Jeanmonod, Daniel and Jentsch, Anke and Jump, Alistair S. and Kueffer, Christoph and Nogue, Sandra and Otto, Rudiger and Price, Jonathan and Romeiras, Maria M. and Strasberg, Dominique and Stuessy, Tod and Svenning, Jens-Christian and Vetaas, Ole R. and Beierkuhnlein, Carl}, doi = {10.1111/geb.12469}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography}, keywords = {Altitude; biogeographical processes; diversity; ecological mechanisms; endemism; global relationship; isolation; latitudinal gradient; mixed-effects models; sky islands}, pages = {1097-1107}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Topography}-driven isolation, speciation and a global increase of endemism with elevation}, volume = {25}, year = {2016} } @article{faucris.123619144, abstract = {Aim: The general dynamic model (GDM) of oceanic island biogeography integrates rates of immigration, speciation and extinction in relation to a humped trajectory of island area, species carrying capacity and topographic complexity through time, based on a simplified island ontogeny. In practice, many islands have more complex ontogenies, featuring surfaces of varying age. Here, we extend the GDM to apply at a local scale within islands, and test the predictions analytically within individual islands.
Location: El Hierro, La Palma and Tenerife (Canary Islands).
Methods: Following the GDM logic, we derive predictions for the distributions and richness of single island endemics (SIEs) across island landscapes of different age. We test these predictions by means of generalized linear models and binominal tests using gridded species occurrence data for vascular plant SIE species and a set of climatic, topographic and terrain age variables. We also examined phylogenetic divergence times for a subset of endemic lineages.
Results: Geological age, in interaction with slope, and topographic variables, best explained SIE richness at the landscape scale. About 70% of SIEs had ranges strongly biased to, or largely restricted to old terrain. Available phylogenetic divergence times of SIEs of radiated plant lineages suggested an origin on the older parts of the islands. Metrics of anthropogenic disturbance and habitat availability were unrelated to the observed SIE pattern.
Main conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that SIEs have evolved and accumulated on older and topographically complex terrain, while colonization processes predominate on the youngest parts. These results imply that evolutionary processes shape species distributions at the landscape scale within islands. This opens the perspective of extending the GDM framework to understand processes at a local scale within individual islands.}, author = {Otto, Ruediger and Whittaker, Robert J. and Von Gaisberg, Markus and Stierstorfer, Christian and Naranjo-Cigala, Agustin and Steinbauer, Manuel and Borregaard, Michael K. and Ramon Arevalo, Jose and Garzon-Machado, Victor and Del Arco, Marcelino and Maria Fernandez-Palacios, Jose}, doi = {10.1111/jbi.12684}, faupublication = {no}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, keywords = {Canary Islands; Endemic plants; Environmental heterogeneity; General dynamic model; Island biogeography; Island evolution; Landscape diversity; Oceanic islands; Spatial autocorrelation; Species richness patterns}, pages = {911-922}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Transferring} and implementing the general dynamic model of oceanic island biogeography at the scale of island fragments: {The} roles of geological age and topography in plant diversification in the {Canaries}}, volume = {43}, year = {2016} } @article{faucris.111516504, abstract = {A suite of Early Mesozoic (Late Triassic, Norian to Early Jurassic) calcareous beds was studied from the Hochfelln Mountain in the Northern Calcareous Alps (NCA, South Germany). The Hauptdolomit Group consists of thick peritidal deposits and is overlain by basin deposits of the Rhaetian Kössen Formation and Rhaetian reefoidal limestone with corals. Unlike many other sections in the Tethys realm, coral growth seems to continue into the Jurassic or starts again relatively early within the Early Jurassic. Silicified corals and other marine invertebrates are present in the calcareous, micritic Hochfelln Beds. A re-examination of previously collected ammonite material indicates the presence of Coroniceras sp. which suggests an Early Sinemurian age for the Hochfelln Beds. Abundant sponge spicules (spiculites) suggest that sponges were the source for the silicification. The site produced one of the most diverse Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) gastropod faunas of the NCA (25-30 species, some undescribed). The relatively diverse Early Sinemurian gastropod fauna and coral growth indicate rapid recovery from the end-Triassic biotic crisis. © Springer-Verlag 2005.}, author = {Seuß, Barbara and Höfling, Richard and Nützel, Alexander}, doi = {10.1007/s10347-005-0048-7}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Facies}, keywords = {Corals; End-Triassic mass extinction; Gastropods; Hochfelln; Northern Calcareous Alps; Silicification; Triassic/Jurassic transition}, note = {UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IGM.profes.triass}, pages = {405-418}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Triassic}-{Jurassic} carbonates from the {Hochfelln} {Mountain} ({Northern} {Calcareous} {Alps}) - {Its} facies, silicified fauna and implications for the end-{Triassic} biotic crisis}, volume = {51}, year = {2005} } @article{faucris.310757296, abstract = {Concretions are an interesting mode of preservation that can occasionally yield fossils with soft tissues. To properly interpret these fossils, an understanding of their fossilization is required. Probabilistic models are useful tools to identify variations between different Konservat-Lagerstätten that are separated spatially and temporally. However, the application of probabilistic modeling has been limited to Early Paleozoic Konservat-Lagerstätten preserved in shales. In this paper, the patterns of preservation of three concretionary Konservat-Lagerstätten—the Carboniferous Mazon Creek (USA) and Montceau-les-Mines (France), and the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte (UK)—are analyzed using a statistical approach. It is demonstrated that the degree of biotic involvement, i.e., the degree to which a carcass dictates its own preservation, is connected to internal organ conditional probabilities—the probabilities of finding an internal organ associated with another structure such as biomineralized, sclerotized, cuticularized, or cellular body walls. In concretions that are externally forced with little biological mediation (e.g., Herefordshire), all internal organ conditional probabilities are uniform. As biological mediation in concretion formation becomes more pronounced, heterogeneities in conditional probabilities are introduced (e.g., Montceau-les-Mines and Mazon Creek). The three concretionary sites were also compared with previously investigated Konservat-Lagerstätten preserving fossils in shales to demonstrate how the developed probability framework aids in understanding the broad-scale functioning of preservation in Konservat-Lagerstätten.}, author = {Saleh, Farid and Clements, Thomas and Perrier, Vincent and Daley, Allison C. and Antcliffe, Jonathan B.}, doi = {10.1186/s13358-023-00284-4}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Swiss Journal of Palaeontology}, keywords = {Carboniferous; Concretions; Exceptional fossils; Konservat-Lagerstätte; Silurian}, note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-22}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Variations} in preservation of exceptional fossils within concretions}, volume = {142}, year = {2023} } @article{faucris.281403407, abstract = {Today parasites comprise a huge proportion of living biodiversity and play a major role in shaping community structure. Given their ecological significance, parasite extinctions could result in massive cascading effects across ecosystems. It is therefore crucial that we have a way of estimating their extinction risk. Attempts to do this have often relied on information about host extinction risk, without explicitly incorporating information about the parasites. However, assuming an identical risk may be misleading. Here, we apply a novel metric to estimate the cophylogenetic extinction rate, Ec, of parasites with their hosts. This metric incorporates information about the evolutionary history of parasites and hosts that can be estimated using event-based cophylogenetic methods. To explore this metric, we investigated the use of different cophylogenetic methods to inform the Ec rate, based on the analysis of polystome parasites and their anuran hosts. We show using both parsimony- and model-based approaches that different methods can have a large effect on extinction risk estimation. Further, we demonstrate that model-based approaches offer greater potential to provide insights into cophylogenetic history and extinction risk.}, author = {Mulvey, Laura and Warnock, Rachel and De Baets, Kenneth}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.0432}, faupublication = {yes}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences}, keywords = {conservation; cophylogenetic extinction risk; cophylogenetics; host–parasite interactions; parasites; platyhelminths}, note = {CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-09-09}, pages = {20220432-}, peerreviewed = {Yes}, title = {{Where} traditional extinction estimates fall flat: using novel cophylogenetic methods to estimate extinction risk in platyhelminths}, volume = {289}, year = {2022} }