Robust reconstruction of glacier beds using transient 2D assimilation with Stokes - Cook, Samuel; Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien; Fürst, Johannes (Journal of Glaciology, 2023)
Initialising model glaciers such that they match well with their real counterparts and are thus able to make more accurate predictions is an ongoing challenge in glacier modelling. We set out a data-assimilation approach using an ensemble Kalman filter in a 2D flowline example that provides one possible solution to this problem. We show that our approach is valid across a range of parameters and scenarios, including deliberately data-deficient or inaccurate ones, and leads to robust retrieval of the glacier bed. We also provide some suggestions for how best to use data assimilation within a mountain-glacier context.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-05-26

Rosenzweig, Werner: Franken : die 99 besonderen Seiten der Region. Halle 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Rosenzweig, Werner: Unbekannter Steigerwald : von Karpfen, Klöstern und Kellerbier. München 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Ross, David: Eisenbahnreisen : Fernweh auf Schienen. Stuttgart 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Rothenburg ob der Tauber : Geschichte der Stadt und ihres Umlandes - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Rückkehr zur Zukunft : Bilanz der Raumfahrt nach Challenger. Frankfurt am Main 1989 - Hübner, Thomas (1990)

Ruhestand im Thermenland – Bad Füssing als Altersruhesitz - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Passau und seine Nachbarregionen. Orte, Ereignisse, Verbindungen – ein geographischer Wegweiser, 2013)

Rund um Nürnberg, Fürth und Erlangen : 25 erlebnisreiche Ausflüge. Erfurt 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Rural development and migration in northeast syria - Meyer, Günter (Anthropology and Development in North Africa and the Middle East, 2019)
This chapter examines the social and economic impact of the Euphrates Scheme, and in particular two important migration processes attributable to it: These are the resettlement of more than 60,000 people from the upstream reservoir; and the increase in labor emigration from the villages in the Euphrates valley to other Arab countries. It provides an historical overview of the main phases of agricultural development and social change in northeast Syria from 1940 to 1980, which culminated in the realization of the Euphrates Scheme. The chapter analyzes in detail the resettlement of the reservoir people, their socioeconomic structure before the inundation of the Euphrates valley, the factors influencing their choice of different areas of resettlement, and the social and economic situation in the main regions of resettlement. It deals with the problem of labor emigration and focuses on the future prospects of rural development in northeast Syria.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-20

Rural tourism re-invented: how tourist entrepreneurs implement different notions of rurality. - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (European rural peripheries revalued: Governance, actors, impacts, 2016)
This paper addresses what strategies tourist entrepreneurs undertake to implement various notions of rurality by means of the example of rural tourism in the Bavarian Forest. In particular, it is asked how hosts enable guests to consume rurality in light of an overall desire to experience a rural life-world in material and immaterial dimensions. Based on empirical data from 41 expert interviews with tourist entrepreneurs, public authorities involved in tourism and local politicians in more than 20 municipalities in the Bavarian Forest, two types of establishments are analysed in this study, i.e., on-farm establishments and wooden accommodations, which refer to regional building culture. Results show that entrepreneurs meet the demand for idyllic notions and modern equipment, following a binary strategy of conservation and re-interpretation. Besides consumption of ruralities, tourists take also part in the process of constructing rurality, for instance when participating in food production. The juxtaposition of tourist structures that reproduce urban-rural dichotomies on the one hand and are influenced by a hybridisisation of the urban and the rural on the other hand, finally encourages diversification of rural tourism sector.

Sagen aus Franken / hrsg. von Ernst-Otto Luthardt. Würzburg 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2011)

Sagenhafte Wanderungen in der Fränkischen Schweiz : mit GPS-Tracks! / Gerdi & Hansjürgen Seybold. Lauf 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2011)

“Same but different” - Using Medicinal Methods for a Detailed Anatomical Wood Analysis of Alchornea lojaensis - Spannl, Susanne; Bräuning, Achim (MRp|SE Newsletter. Issue 1., 2014)
We report first results of the wood anatomy and seasonal growth rhythm of an endemic tree species of the research area on a cellular level. This method is timesaving as well as leaves the wood intact in contrast to microscopic techniques.

Sana'a 1872-1918. Zur osmanischen Überprägung einer südarabischen Stadt - Wirth, Eugen (Hommes et terres d'Islam. Mélanges offerts à Xavier de Planhol, 2000)

Saskia Sassen: The Global City - Michel, Boris (Schlüsselwerke der Stadtforschung, 2016)

Saße, Dörte (u.a.): Laaanges Wochenende : die schönsten Reiseziele in Europa : in nur drei Stunden im Urlaub : mit Erlebnisgarantie. München 2020 - Hübner, Thomas; et al. (2020)

Satelliten. Nürnberg 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Scheider, Armin: Meine Lieblingsausflüge Franken : 20 abwechslungsreiche Ausflüge zu malerischen Städten und Landschaften. Komplett überarb. Neuaufl. München 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Scheider, Armin: Meine Lieblingsausflüge Franken : 25 Entdeckertouren zu malerischen Städten und Landschaften. München 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Schiffe : vom Floss zum Supertanker. Nürnberg 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Schinner, Bernd: 111 Orte im Fichtelgebirge, die man gesehen haben muss / Bernd Schinner ; René Rabenbauer. Köln 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Schmitt, Heidi: Thüringen. 2., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Schmöe, Friederike: Lieblingsplätze in Franken. Meßkirch 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Schmöe, Friederike: Lieblingsplätze Oberfranken. Meßkirch 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Schneider, Marlen: Bayreuth : Fränkische Schweiz, Fichtelgebirge. Ostfildern 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Schnurrer, Achim: Schnaps-Führer Fränkische Schweiz : geistreiche Touren zu den 44 besten Brennereien. Cadolzburg 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Schrenk, Johann: Altmühltal, Fränkisches Seenland. 11., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Schrenk, Johann: Reise durch Altmühltal und Fränkisches Seenland / Bilder von Martin Siepmann ; Texte von Johann Schrenk. Würzburg 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Schröder, Thomas: Andalusien. 11., komplett überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Schröder, Thomas: Katalonien. 10., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2023 - Hübner, Thomas; et al. (2023)

Schule und Universität vor Ort: Schüler und Studierende konzipieren Exkursionen zur Stadtentwicklung - Pingold, Markus; Ochmann, Roman; Glasze, Georg; Häusleigner, Nadine (Jenseits des Nürnberger Trichters Ideen für einen zukunftsorientierten Geographieunterricht, Tagungsband zum 15. Bayerischen Schulgeographentag, 2012)

Schwanfelder, Werner: Mittelfranken. Meßkirch 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Schwarm, Anna: Der Ausflugsverführer Hersbrucker Schweiz. Cadolzburg 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Schwarz, Lisa: Glücksorte in und um Coburg : Fahr hin und werd glücklich. Düsseldorf 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Science Fiction : die illustrierte Enzyklopädie. München 1996 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Seasonal and interannual variability of Columbia Glacier, Alaska (2011-2016): Ice Velocity, Mass Flux, surface elevation and front position - Braun, Matthias; Vijay, Saurabh (Remote Sensing, 2017)
Keywords: Bistatic InSAR; Columbia Glacier; Elevation changes; Mass flux; Offset tracking; Seasonal velocity; TanDEM-X mission

Seasonal climate variations during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 2 inferred from high-resolution oxygen isotope ratios in horse tooth enamel from Lower Austria - Reiss, Lilian; Mayr, Christoph; Pasda, Kerstin; Joachimski, Michael; Einwögerer, Thomas; Händel, Marc; Maier, Andreas (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2024)
We present sequential oxygen isotope records (δ18Ophosphate vs. VSMOW) of horse tooth enamel phosphate of six individuals from two adjacent Palaeolithic sites in Lower Austria. Three molars from the site Krems-Wachtberg date to 33–31k cal a bp, and three molars from Kammern-Grubgraben to 24–20k cal a bp. All teeth show seasonal isotope variations, which are used to reconstruct the annual oxygen isotope composition of drinking water (δ18Odw) and palaeotemperatures. Measured δ18Ophosphate values ranged from 8.6 to 13.0‰ and from 10.8 to 13.9‰ at Krems-Wachtberg and Kammern-Grubgraben, respectively. An inverse modelling approach was used to reconstruct summer and winter temperatures after a correction for glacial oceanic source water δ18O. Reconstructed annual δ18Odw was −16.4 ± 1.5‰ at Krems-Wachtberg and −15.3 ± 1.4‰ at Kammern-Grubgraben, resulting in annual temperatures of −5.7 ± 3.1 and −3.5 ± 2.9°C, respectively. Summer and winter temperatures reconstructed from individual teeth exhibit high seasonal variations with moderate summer temperatures and extremely low winter temperatures typical for a polar tundra climate. Isotopic differences between individuals are attributed to interannual climate variability or to different drinking water sources. Our reconstructed temperatures are, overall, consistent with previously reported values from European horse teeth, when taking regional differences into account. <br
Keywords: δ18O; last glacial maximum; palaeotemperatures; phosphate; seasonality; sequential sampling; Upper Palaeolithic

Seasonal dynamics of wood formation in Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) along an altitudinal gradient in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. - Oladi, Reza; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Eckstein, Dieter; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2011)
The cambium dynamics and wood formation of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was investigated during the 2008 growing season in the Nowshahr Hyrcanian forest, Iran (36°N, 51°E). Three study sites were selected along an altitudinal gradient (650, 1,100 and 1,600 m a.s.l.), and cambial activity rates of cell formation and cell maturation were studied on micro-cores collected in intervals of 10–20 days. The cambium reactivation of the low-altitude (L) and mid-altitude (M) trees occurred contemporaneously in late March, and also the consecutive phases of cell differentiation took place almost at the same time; however, the entry into cambial dormancy varied considerably from late August to mid-November. Due to lower temperature, the upper-altitude (U) trees showed a 10-day delay in their cambium reactivation, an earlier entry into cambium dormancy (mid-September) and a slower growth rate resulting in narrower tree rings. Despite these differences, the daily increment rates of the trees at all sites reached maximum values coincidently in the early June. Since the photoperiod is the only common external factor among different sites, it is concluded that the timing of the highest growth rate is controlled by the photoperiod.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.season_9
Keywords: Oriental beech; Xylogenesis; Cambium activity; Cell differentiation; Alborz Mountains

Seasonal Evolution of Supraglacial Lakes on Baltoro Glacier From 2016 to 2020 - Wendleder, Anna; Schmitt, Andreas; Erbertseder, Thilo; D'Angelo, Pablo; Mayer, Christoph; Braun, Matthias (Frontiers in Earth Science, 2021)
The existence of supraglacial lakes influences debris-covered glaciers in two ways. The absorption of solar radiation in the water leads to a higher ice ablation, and water draining through the glacier to its bed leads to a higher velocity. Rising air temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns provoke an increase in the supraglacial lakes in number and total area. However, the seasonal evolution of supraglacial lakes and thus their potential for influencing mass balance and ice dynamics have not yet been sufficiently analyzed. We present a summertime series of supraglacial lake evolution on Baltoro Glacier in the Karakoram from 2016 to 2020. The dense time series is enabled by a multi-sensor and multi-temporal approach based on optical (Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR; Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X) remote sensing data. The mapping of the seasonal lake evolution uses a semi-automatic approach, which includes a random forest classifier applied separately to each sensor. A combination of linear regression and the Hausdorff distance is used to harmonize between SAR- and optical-derived lake areas, producing consistent and internally robust time series dynamics. Seasonal variations in the lake area are linked with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Temperature Index (STI) based on air temperature and precipitation data derived from the climate reanalysis dataset ERA5-Land. The largest aggregated lake area was found in 2018 with 5.783 km(2), followed by 2019 with 4.703 km(2), and 2020 with 4.606 km(2). The years 2016 and 2017 showed the smallest areas with 3.606 and 3.653 km(2), respectively. Our data suggest that warmer spring seasons (April-May) with higher precipitation rates lead to increased formation of supraglacial lakes. The time series decomposition shows a linear increase in the lake area of 11.12 +/- 9.57% per year. Although the five-year observation period is too short to derive a significant trend, the tendency for a possible increase in the supraglacial lake area is in line with the pronounced positive anomalies of the SPI and STI during the observation period.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-02-04

Seasonal growth dynamics and its climate forcing in a tropical mountain rain forest in southern Ecuador - Bräuning, Achim; Schnakenburg, Peter; Volland, Franziska; Peters, Thorsten (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 6: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2007 Scientific Technical Report STR 08/05, GFZ Potsdam, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.season

Seasonal growth dynamics of different tree species and their climatic control in Munessa Forest, Ethiopia - Bräuning, Achim; Krepkowski, Julia; Gebrekirstos, Aster (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 8: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2009 Scientific Technical Report STR 10/05, GFZ Potsdam, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.season

Sea spray correction in δ13Ccarbonate, δ18Ocarbonate, δ18Ophosphate, and δ34Scollagen values of coastal humans - A methodological approach - Göhring, Andrea; Mayr, Christoph; Grupe, Gisela (Science of the Total Environment, 2020)
The so-called sea spray effect influences animals and humans living in coastal regions. As a consequence, δ13Ccarbonate, δ18Ocarbonate, δ18Ophosphate, and δ34Scollagen isotope values of affected individuals are more positive than otherwise expected. However, the effect is hidden in the case of humans who actually might have consumed marine food what would (partly) explain their isotopic signature. In order to correct for the sea spray effect in humans the dietary proportions were calculated based on the δ13Ccollagen and δ15Ncollagen isotope values using stable isotope mixing models. Four different programs (SISUS, simmr, IsotopeR, MixSIAR) were applied which resulted in quite different calculated diets. Each individual human can be corrected for the sea spray effect using the calculated proportion of terrestrial food (e.g. domesticated mammals, plants) and the approximated sea spray effect for each isotopic system. The differences in the calculated food proportions detected for the different mixing model programs, however, lead to differences in the correction procedure. We suggest using the dietary proportions as obtained by probabilistic SISUS rather than those of the Bayesian programs (simmr, IsotopeR, MixSIAR). The correction against the sea spray effect using the dietary proportions calculated by SISUS was supported by Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering which also enables the identification of probably non-local individuals in the dataset.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-08-07
Keywords: Aerosol; Archaeometry; Bone; Cluster analysis; Diet

Security in 'Austerity Europe' - Perilous Consequences of Spending Cuts or Cost-Efficient 'Fighting on the Cheap'? - Ridder, Wolfram; Platzer, Eva (ECPR General Conference 2015, 2015)

Seeing Spatial Structures. On the Role of Visual Material in the Making of the Early Quantitative Revolution in Geography. - Michel, Boris (Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography, 2016)

Segregration - Glasze, Georg; Haferburg, Christoph (Metzler Handbuch 2.0 Geographieunterricht, 2013)

Sehen wie ein Geograph. Ein wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Blick darauf, wie Geographen zu Zeiten des Landschaftsparadigmas das Sehen lernten und wie dies dazu beitrug das geographische Selbst zu konstituieren - Michel, Boris (Berichte. Geographie und Landeskunde, 2014)

Selbstständige Beschäftigung von geflüchteten Neuzugewanderten in ländlichen Räumen am Beispiel von Lebensmittelgeschäften: Aspirationen, Praktiken und ihr Beitrag für die lokale Versorgung - Kordel, Stefan; Sauerbrey, Dominic; Weidinger, Tobias (Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 2022)
Die Bevölkerungsstruktur und das Leben in ländlichen Räumen wurden in den vergangenen Jahren durch die Ankunft und das Bleiben von Geflüchteten diverser. Die Teilhabe der Neuzugewanderten am Arbeitsmarkt ist einerseits aus integrationspolitischer Sicht wie auch für die regionale Wirtschaft relevant und erfüllt andererseits für sie selbst verschiedene Funktionen. Der (potenziellen) Selbstständigkeit von geflüchteten Neuzugewanderten wurde in Deutschland bislang jedoch wenig Aufmerksamkeit zuteil. Am Beispiel der Gründung von Lebensmittelgeschäften in ländlichen Räumen Deutschlands wurden multiperspektivisch die Aspirationen von Geflüchteten am Arbeitsmarkt, die Gründungs- und Geschäftspraxis von Betreibern sowie die Sichtweisen der Kundinnen und Kunden untersucht. Die durchgeführten qualitativen Interviews mi(potenziell) selbstständigen geflüchteten Neuzugewanderten und (halb)standardisierten Befragungen von Kundinnen und Kunden bilden die Datengrundlage für diesen Beitrag. Konzeptionell gerahmt wird er von Forschungsarbeiten zur Teilhabe von Migrantinnen und Migranten am Arbeitsmarkt und migrantischem Unternehmertum (immigrant entrepreneurship) bzw. der Unterform Flüchtlingsunternehmertum (refugee entrepreneurship). Die Ergebnisse zeigen vielfältige Bedeutungen von Beschäftigung und einen ausgeprägten Wunsch nach Selbstständigkeit, strukturelle wie auch individuelle Hürden bei der Gründung von Geschäften und die Praxis co-ethnischer Beschäftigung.
Keywords: Geflüchtete; Integration; Arbeitsmarkt; Agency; Selbständigkeit; migrantische Ökonomien

Selling ruralities: how tourist entrepreneurs commodify traditional and alternative ways of conceiving the conuntryside - Kordel, Stefan (Rural Society, 2016)
Since undergoing transformations associated with substantial economic and social restructuring, rural areas are addressed as spaces of consumption. The commodification of environmental amenities and cultural meanings has resulted in rural tourism structures. This article explores how tourist entrepreneurs commodify different meanings of rurality in the low mountain range area of the Bavarian Forest, Germany. Tourists’ demands for a rurality shaped by agriculture were and are fulfilled by agritourism, which provides many opportunities to experience farmers’ daily lives. The study depicts efforts of performances and staging among hosts and identifies challenges. Operators commodified local rootedness by traditional building material, combined with components of luxury and intimacy (i.e. wooden chalets). Individual desires for rurality resulted in differentiated demands for accommodation type which may encourage diversification of poorly equipped destinations.
Keywords: entrepreneurship; innovation; post-productivism; ruralities; tourism

Sensitivity of Greenland ice sheet projections to model formulations - Goelzer, Heiko; Fürst, Johannes; Huybrechts, Philippe; Nick, Faezeh; Andersen, Morten; Edwards, Tamsin; Fettweis, Xavier; Payne, Tony; Shannon, Sarah (Journal of Glaciology, 2013)
Physically based projections of the Greenland ice sheet contribution to future sea-level change are subject to uncertainties of the atmospheric and oceanic climatic forcing and to the formulations within the ice flow model itself. Here a higher-order, three-dimensional thermomechanical ice flow model is used, initialized to the present-day geometry. The forcing comes from a high-resolution regional climate model and from a flowline model applied to four individual marine-terminated glaciers, and results are subsequently extended to the entire ice sheet. The experiments span the next 200 years and consider climate scenario SRES A1B. The surface mass-balance (SMB) scheme is taken either from a regional climate model or from a positive-degree-day (PDD) model using temperature and precipitation anomalies from the underlying climate models. Our model results show that outlet glacier dynamics only account for 6-18% of the sea-level contribution after 200 years, confirming earlier findings that stress the dominant effect of SMB changes. Furthermore, interaction between SMB and ice discharge limits the importance of outlet glacier dynamics with increasing atmospheric forcing. Forcing from the regional climate model produces a 14-31% higher sea-level contribution compared to a PDD model run with the same parameters as for IPCC AR4.

Sensitivity of simulated summer monsoonal precipitation in Langtang Valley, Himalaya, to cloud microphysics schemes in WRF - Orr, Andrew; Listowski, Constantino; Couttet, Margaux; Collier, Sarah; Immerzeel, Walter; Deb, Pranab; Bannister, Daniel (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017)
A better understanding of regional-scale precipitation patterns in the Himalayan region is required to increase our knowledge of the impacts of climate change on downstream water availability. This study examines the impact of four cloud microphysical schemes (Thompson, Morrison, Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) single-moment 5-class, and WRF double-moment 6-class) on summer monsoon precipitation in the Langtang Valley in the central Nepalese Himalayas, as simulated by the WRF model at 1 km grid spacing for a 10 day period in July 2012. The model results are evaluated through a comparison with surface precipitation and radiation measurements made at two observation sites. Additional understanding is gained from a detailed examination of the microphysical characteristics simulated by each scheme, which are compared with measurements using a spaceborne radar/lidar cloud product. Also examined are the roles of large- and small-scale forcings. In general, the schemes are able to capture the timing of surface precipitation better than the actual amounts in the Langtang Valley, which are predominately underestimated, with the Morrison scheme showing the best agreement with the measured values. The schemes all show a large positive bias in incoming radiation. Analysis of the radar/lidar cloud product and hydrometeors from each of the schemes suggests that "cold-rain" processes are a key precipitation formation mechanism, which is also well represented by the Morrison scheme. As well as microphysical structure, both large-scale and localized forcings are also important for determining surface precipitation.

Separating reflectance signatures of shrub species - a case study in the Central Greater Caucasus - Magiera, Anja; Feilhauer, Hannes; Tephnadze, Nato; Waldhardt, Rainer; Otte, Annette (Applied Vegetation Science, 2016)
Conclusion: Our results showed the possibility to spectrally separate encroaching shrub species with a unique growth form in a high-mountain environment using simulated multispectral data and satellite imagery.
Keywords: Alpine vegetation; Field spectroscopy; Multispectral; Remote sensing; Spectral discrimination; Woody encroachment

Settlement of Migrants - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (Report on Conceptual Frameworks on Migration Processes and Local Development in Rural and Mountain Areas (= Deliverable 2.4 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Seuß, Jo: 111 Orte rund um Nürnberg, die man gesehen haben muss. Köln 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Shaping the Urban Renaissance: New-build Luxury Developments in Berlin - Marquardt, Nadine; Füller, Henning; Glasze, Georg; Pütz, Robert (Urban Studies, 2013)
Inner-city living is a hot topic in Germany. Policy-makers long for new middle- and upper-class residents; evidence of urban in-flight has been documented by scholars, and debates on reurbanisation are in full swing. This trend has also led to the emergence of a new housing product in German metropolises: high-priced, centrally located and newly built apartment and townhouse developments. In this paper, these luxury developments are analysed as part of a general process of urban restructuring and a focus is on the contradictions inherent to the idea of urbanity taking shape here. Guided by Foucault's governmentality approach, new luxury developments are understood as a powerful reworking of how the city, its uses and users are imagined and governed. In doing so, the paper aims to show that the concept of governmentality enables a critique of current processes of urban restructuring that may enrich the on-going debates on gentrification. © 2012 Urban Studies Journal Limited.

Shift-Share-Analyse - Elrick, Tim (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2014)

Short Value Chains in Food Production: The Role of Spatial Proximity for Economic and Land Use Dynamics - Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias; Wilhelm, Carola Rebecca (Land, 2021)
Agricultural land demand tends to be in weak condition vis-a-vis settlement development, transport infrastructure and industry expansion. At the same time, the awareness and demand of consumers for regional food is constantly rising, in particular in urban regions. The resulting challenge is that high demand for regional food is concentrated at places where land for food production tends to be particularly under pressure. Against this background, our article reflects on the extent to which regional food supply chains support the status of agricultural demand in the competition for land. The main aim of our paper is to understand the role of proximity between the different stages of value creation, including cultivation, production (manual or industrial) and trade (retail, direct marketing). Our empirical study on the example of three products in Bavaria (Germany) shows that short distances within food value chains support the agricultural condition in land use dynamics (beer, sweet cherry, asparagus). The analyses are based on official and internal statistics as well as expert interviewing. This mixed-methods approach results in value-creation mappings and provides spatial differentiation of the economic process. Proximity between at least two stages of value creation plays an important role to explain the economic trends and land use dynamic. These findings are rooted in arguments of efficiency, tacit knowledge, networks, as well as product reputation. However, the role of proximity does not automatically play a role but has to be stabilized by strategic measures such as product innovation and marketing measures.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-15

"Should I stay or should I go now?" - Syrische Geflüchtet in Jordanien und die schwindende Hoffnung auf eine Rückkehr nach Syrien. - Kühnlein, Philipp (2021)

Shrinking cities - new urban socio-natures - Chilla, Tobias (Shrinking Cities: Effects on Urban ecology and challenges for urban development, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.shrink

Sicherheit, Prävention und Verortung - Füller, Henning; Glasze, Georg (Geographische Rundschau, 2014)

Sicht der Geflüchteten auf Ländliche Räume - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Aufnahme und Integration von Geflüchteten in ländliche Räume: Spezifika und (Forschungs-)Herausforderungen. Beiträge und Ergebnisse eines Workshops am 6. und 7. März 2017 in Braunschweig, 2017)
Keywords: Flüchtlinge; ländliche Räume; Bayern; Partizipation; empirische Forschung

Sichtweise Geflüchteter auf das Leben in ländlichen Regionen. - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David (Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands, 2022)
Das Kapitel adressiert Erfahrungen von Geflüchteten hinsichtlich ihres Le- bensalltags in ländlichen Regionen in Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft. Als empirische Datengrundlage dienen partizipativ-orientierte, qualitative In- terviews mit Geflüchteten und Fokusgruppengespräche. Fokussiert werden Ex- klusions- und Inklusionsprozesse in den Bereichen Wohnen, Bildung, Arbeit und Gesundheit.
Keywords: Geflüchtete; Ländliche Rume; Alltag; Exklusion; Agency

Siebenhaar, Hans-Peter: Fränkische Schweiz, Bayreuth, Bamberg / Hans-Peter Siebenhaar und Michael Müller. 12., komplett überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Sie kommen von fremden Sternen : Intelligenzen im All. München 1986 - Hübner, Thomas (1986)

Siewers, Dirk: Niederlande. 11., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Significance and Limitations of Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratios in the Apatite Phosphate of Archaeological Vertebrate Finds for Provenance Analysis in an Alpine Reference Region - Mauder, M.; Ntoutsi, E.; Kroeger, P.; Mayr, Christoph; Toncala, A.; Hoelzl, S.; Grupe, G. (Archaeometry, 2019)
A multi-isotope fingerprint consisting of delta O-18(phosphate), Sr-87/Sr-86, Pb-208/Pb-204, Pb-207/Pb-204, Pb-206/Pb-204, Pb-208/Pb-207 and Pb-206/Pb-207 was established in the bioapatite of 219 individual archaeofaunal remains (cattle, pig, red deer) excavated from sites located along a specific transect of the European Alps, namely the Inn-Eisack-Adige-Brenner Passage, that has been of eminent importance since European prehistory. This reference area is vertically stratified, and since delta O-18 in the skeleton is influenced by climate, water source, physiology and even culture, we tested the relative contribution and importance of delta O-18 as a component of the multi-isotope fingerprint for provenance analysis in this alpine region by a novel mathematical approach. In particular, we adapted a supervised learning approach through expectation-maximization (EM) clustering for fingerprint extraction and evaluated the contribution of each isotopic ratio to the data structure. While an altitude effect was evident in delta O-18, its overall structural importance in the complete isotopic fingerprint was rather low. Therefore, provenance analysis of bioarchaeological finds in this region is possible by measuring stable Sr and Pb ratios alone, which is of considerable importance when delta O-18 values are not available, e.g., in cremated finds, although some information is lost. Whether this is tolerable depends on the scientific question to be solved.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-02-21

Silberhorn, Sonja: 111 Lost Places in der Oberpfalz, die man gesehen haben muss. Köln : Emons, 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Simulated and predicted responses of tree stem radial growth to climate change—A case study in semi-arid north central China - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Rossi, Sergio; Bräuning, Achim; Shishov, Vladimir; Kang, Shuyuan (Dendrochronologia, 2019)
Precise knowledge how tree growth will respond to future climate change is essential for the adapted management of forest ecosystems. By conducting sensitivity tests, tree-ring process-based cambial growth models can provide an innovative way to better understand wood formation under different climate change scenarios. As a case study in semi-arid north central China, we used artificially increased or decreased daily climatic data as input to the Vaganov-Shashkin dynamic growth model to investigate the response of wood formation to climatic change. By calibrating the tree-ring model using daily climate data over the period 1951–2010, we found that 81% of radial growth was driven by soil moisture, while 13% of growth was controlled by temperature. During the main growing season June–August, significant differences in the integral growth rate occurred after changing precipitation by ± 30% or by decreasing temperature by 3.0 °C (p < 0.05). However, increasing temperature showed only modest effects on tree radial growth rate. During the past 60 years, a significant advancement of the starting dates of growth was detected, whereby non-significant variability was found for the ending dates of growth. Contemporaneously, the effect of previous winter temperature (previous December to current January) on cambial growth initiation declined after 1980. Significant differences in the growth onset dates only occurred when temperature was reduced by 4.5 °C or increased by 5.5 °C. Moreover, both the onset and ending dates of growth in the study region were more sensitive to cooling rather than to warming. If temperature will increase by 2°C and precipitation will increase by 30% at the end of this century as predicted by some Earth system models, tree radial growth might increase by 19% in the study region, compared to the average during the period 1952–2010. Consequently, tree stem radial growth is expected to increase under a warming and wetting climatic scenario, but will decrease under drying conditions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-09-17
Keywords: Climate change; Forest ecosystems; Process-based model; Sensitivity test; Tree-ring width series; Xylogenesis

Simulating Urban Land Expansion in the Context of Land Use Planning in the Abuja City-Region, Nigeria - Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu; Gollnow, Florian; Walker, Blake; Nielsen, Jonas O.; Lakes, Tobia (Geo Journal, 2020)
In the Global South, including the Sub-Saharan African city-regions, the possible future urban expansion patterns may pose a challenge towards improving environmental sustainability. Land use planning strategies and instruments for regulating urban expansion are faced with challenges, including insufficient data availability to offer insights into the possible future urban expansion. This study integrated empirical data derived from Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing, and surveys of experts to offer insights into the possible future urban expansion under spatial planning scenarios to support land use planning and environmental sustainability of city-regions. We analyzed the spatial determinants of urban expansion, calibrated the land cover model using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Markov, and developed three scenarios to simulate land cover from 2017 to 2030 and to 2050. The scenarios include Business As Usual that extrapolates past trends; Regional Land Use Plan that restricts urban expansion to the land designated for urban development, and; Adjusted Urban Land that incorporates the leapfrogged settlements into the land designated for urban development. Additionally, we quantified the potential degradation of environmentally sensitive areas by future urban expansion under the three scenarios. Results indicated a high, little, and no potential degradation of environmentally sensitive areas by the future urban expansion under the Business As Usual, Adjusted Urban Land, and Regional Land Use Plan scenarios respectively. The methods and the baseline information provided, especially from the Adjusted Urban Land scenario showed the possibility of balancing the need for urban expansion and the protection of environmentally sensitive areas. This would be useful to improve the environmental sustainability of the Sub-Saharan African city-regions and across the Global South, where insufficient data availability challenges land use planning.

Sind wir allein im Universum? : über die Wahrscheinlichkeit ausserirdischen Lebens. Bern 1996 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Sitting on a ticking bomb? A political ecological analysis of conservation conflicts in the Alto Nangaritza Valley, Ecuador - Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; López Sandoval, María; Pohle, Perdita (Erde, 2017)
The Alto Nangaritza Valley in southeastern Ecuador constitutes one of the most important hotspots of biodiversity worldwide. Concerns about the exploitation of natural resources in this area have led to the creation of different types of conservation areas and policies during the last 30 years. These territorially-based conservation measures have provoked a series of conflicts between them conservation advocates and the Ecuadorian authorities on one side, and the local population who relies on the exploitation of natural resources on the other side. We analyze these conservation conflicts from a political ecological point of view, beginning with an introduction to the historical context, and then we consider the role of changing national development and spatial transformation priorities in these conflicts. Finally, in the face of the neoextractivist path that Ecuador has taken, we advocate even power relations between resource extraction and conservation policie
Keywords: Conservation; conflicts; Ecuador; Political Ecology; neoextractivism

Small scale distribution of Al, heavy metals, and PAH in an aggregated alpine podzol - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Geoderma, 1996)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1996.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.smalls

Small-Town Agricultural Markets in Northern Ghana and Their Connection to Rural and Urban Transformation - Karg, Hanna; Bellwood-Howard, Imogen; Akoto-Danso, Edmund K.; Schlesinger, Johannes; Chagomoka, Takemore; Drescher, Axel (European Journal of Development Research, 2019)
Markets are critical in connecting small towns with agricultural activities in their rural hinterland. This paper presents data from north-eastern Ghana on grain marketing and trade flows, combined with data on expansion of built and transport infrastructure in five linked towns of a periodic market system. Rurally sourced goods flow through historically established small-town and regional markets to national and international markets. Simultaneously, infrastructure and service provision develops in those small towns. These trends are linked by recursive, reinforcing processes of increasing consumption, agricultural commercialisation and economic diversification. Historical structures, such as periodic markets, and the nature of the commodities involved are central to this linkage and interact with policy: the commodities concerned have been promoted in northern Ghana in preceding decades, and contribute to small-town market development by integrating smoothly into existing local systems. Historical continuity is therefore central to the role that small towns play in rural-urban transformation.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-20

Smart Cities in Indien. Fortschreibung einer Geschichte modernistischer Stadtplanung - Michel, Boris; Eichenmüller, Christian (Smart city. Kritische Perspektiven auf die Digitalisierung in Städten, 2018)

Snow cover determines the ecology and biogeography of spiders (araneae) in alpine tundra ecosystems - Hein, Nils; Feilhauer, Hannes; Finch, Oliver D.; Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Löffler, Jörg (Erdkunde, 2014)
This study addresses the spatial distribution of spiders (Araneae) in relation to their environment along multiple ecological and biogeographical gradients. Two study regions representing considerable variation in the alpine climate were sampled for epigeal spiders using pitfall traps: one in the oceanic region and one in the continental region of Norway. We aimed to identify the driving forces for spider species annidation in an alpine tundra ecosystem using a multi-scale approach. During the snow-free season in 2009, we sampled 6,628 adult specimens at 73 sampling locations. These data and additional information from previous studies on spider habitat preferences were used to examine the features of the species’ spatial distribution. We analysed our data set using ordination space partitioning (Isopam), which relies on hierarchical partitioning of the ordination space. This method is based on a hierarchical classification of the sampling locations according to their species composition and results in classes that can be distinguished by indicator species. The aggregated classes and their spatial patterns could be linked to snow cover. Local climatic conditions had a stronger influence on spider biogeography than did broad-scale climatic conditions. We identified various indicator species for typical alpine tundra habitats that could be described as either ‘chionophobous’ or ‘chionophilous’, depending on the topography-related snow cover at the sites where they occurred. Through this multi-scale approach, this study is the first to demonstrate the importance of snow-cover patterns on the ecology and biogeography of spiders in alpine tundra ecosystems.
Keywords: Arctic-alpine environment; High mountain research; Multi-scale approach; Norway; Snow ecology

Snowpack characteristics of Vestfonna and De Geerfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard) - a spatiotemporal analysis based on multiyear snow-pit data - Möller, Marco; Möller, R.; Beaudon, E.; Mattila, O.-P.; Finkelnburg, Roman; Braun, Matthias; Luks, B.; Jonsell, Ulf; Scherer, Dieter; Schneider, Christoph (Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography, 2011)
Extensive glaciological field measurements were carried out on the ice cap Vestfonna as well as on the minor ice body De Geerfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard) within the framework of IPY Kinnvika. Field campaigns were conducted during the period 2007-2010 in spring (April/May) and summer (August). In this study we compile and present snow cover information obtained from 22 snow pits that were dug on Vestfonna during this period. Locations are along two transects on the northwestern, land terminating slope of the ice cap, on its central summit, Ahlmann Summit, and at a set of several other locations in the eastern and northern part of the ice cap. Snow-cover information acquired from four snow pits on adjacent De Geerfonna is also incorporated in this study. Field data are analysed regarding snow stratigraphy, snow density, snow hardness and snow temperature. Results reveal mean snow densities of around 400kgm-3 for the snowpack of Vestfonna with no apparent spatial or interannual variability. A distinctly higher value of more than 450kgm-3 was obtained for De Geerfonna. A spatial comparison of snow water equivalents above the previous end-of-summer surface serves for obtaining insights into the spatial distribution of snow accumulation across Vestfonna. Altitude was found to be the only significant spatial parameter for controlling snow accumulation across the ice cap. © The authors 2011. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography © 2011 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.snowpa
Keywords: Accumulation; Snow cover; Snow profiles; Svalbard

Social and Political Dimensions of the OpenStreetMap Project: Towards a Critical Geographical Research Agenda - Glasze, Georg; Perkins, Chris (OpenStreetMap in GIScience, 2015)

Socio-economic deprivation: a significant determinant affecting stage of oral cancer diagnosis and survival - Auluck, Ajit; Walker, Blake; Hislop, Greg; Lear, Scott A.; Schuurman, Nadine; Rosin, Miriam (BMC Cancer, 2016)
Background Many factors contribute to socioeconomic status (SES), yet in most survival studies only income is used as a measure for determining SES. We used a complex, composite, census-based metric for socioeconomic deprivation to better distinguish individuals with lower SES and assess its impact on survival and staging trends of oral cancers. Methods Oropharyngeal (OPC) and oral cavity cancer (OCC) cases were identified from the British Columbia cancer registry between 1981–2009 and placed into affluent and deprived neighborhoods using postal codes linked to VANDIX (a composite SES index based on 7 census variables encompassing income, housing, family structure, education, and employment). Stage and cancer-specific survival rates were examined by sex, SES, and time period. Results Approximately 50 % of OPC and OCC cases of both sexes resided in SES deprived neighborhoods. Numbers of cases have increased in recent years for all but OCC in men. The deprivation gap in survival between affluent and deprived neighborhoods widened in recent years for OPC and OCC in men, while decreasing for OPC and increasing slightly for OCC in women. Greater proportions of OCC cases were diagnosed at later stage disease for both sexes residing in deprived neighborhoods, a trend not seen for OPC. Conclusion SES remains a significant independent determinant of survival for both OPC and OCC when using a composite metric for SES. OPC survival rates among men have improved, albeit at slower rates in deprived communities. OCC screening programs need to be targeted towards SES-deprived neighborhoods where greater proportions of cases were diagnosed at a later stage and survival rates have significantly worsened in both sexes.

Socioeconomic disparities in head and neck cancer patients' access to cancer treatment centers - Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine; Auluck, Ajit; Lear, Scott; Rosin, Miriam (Rural and Remote Health, 2017)
INTRODUCTION Both socioeconomic status and travel time to cancer treatment have been associated with treatment choice and patient outcomes. An improved understanding of the relationship between these two dimensions of access may enable cancer control experts to better target patients with poor access, particularly in isolated suburban and rural communities. METHODS Using geographical information systems, head and neck cancer patients across British Columbia, Canada from 1981 to 2009, were mapped and their travel times to the nearest treatment center at their time of diagnosis were modelled. Patients' travel times were analysed by urban, suburban, and rural neighborhood types and an index of multiple socioeconomic deprivation was used to assess the role of socioeconomic status in patients' spatial access. RESULTS Significant associations between socioeconomic deprivation and spatial access to treatment were identified, with the most deprived quintiles of patients experiencing nearly twice the travel time as the least deprived quintile. The sharpest disparities were observed among the most deprived patient populations in suburban and rural areas. However, the establishment of new treatment centers has decreased overall travel times by 28% in recent decades. CONCLUSIONS Residence in a neighborhood with high socioeconomic deprivation is strongly associated with head and neck cancer patients' spatial access to cancer treatment centers. Patients residing in the most socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods consistently have longer travel times in urban, suburban, and rural communities in the study area.

Söder, Kerstin: 111 Orte im Fränkischen Seenland, die man gesehen haben muss. Völlig überarbeitete Neuaufl. Köln 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Soentgerath, Nina: 52 kleine & große Eskapaden Erlangen, Fürth und Nürnberg : Ab nach draußen! Ostfildern 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Soft borders als neues Raumkonzept in der EU? - Das Beispiel der makroregionalen Kooperationen - Sielker, Franziska (Nimm's sportlich - Planung als Hindernislauf, 2014)
Keywords: Grenzen; Makroregionen; makroregionale Strategien; europäische Integration; soft spaces; Reterritorialisierung

Soil development and paleoenvironment at the northwestern spur of High Asia - approach and implications - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (-, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.soilde

Soil development as an indicator of the Pleistocene and Holocene landscape history in Western Tienshan and Nepal. - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Marburger Geographische Schriften, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.soilde_3

Soil development on Late Quaternary river terraces in a high montane valley in Bhutan, Eastern Himalayas - Bäumler, Rupert; Dorji, Tshering; Caspari, Thomas; Veldkamp, A.; Jongmans, A.; Tshering, Kado; Dorji, Tsheten; Baillie, Ian (Catena, 2009)
We examined the geochemistry and micromorphology of the soils on a suite of morphologically well-defined and visually distinct fluvial terraces, up to 40 m elevation above the current riverbed, at Thangbi in the upper Bumthang Valley, Bhutan. The alluvia forming each of the terraces are lithologically and structurally similar, with shallow or moderately deep, clast-free sandy loam overbank deposits capping deep clast-supported beds of rounded boulders and interstitial sand. The topsoils on the 40 m terrace have more silt than those on the lower terraces. The soils are interpreted mainly as a monoclinal post-incisive chronosequence. Features that indicate progressive pedogenesis with increasing elevation include subsoil rubefaction, crystallinity of free Fe sesquioxides, and weathering of susceptible primary minerals, such as biotite and hornblende. However other soil attributes show no systematic trends and the overall impression is of limited pedogenesis, even in the soils on the higher terraces. We examine possibilities that the immaturity of the soils is due to pedogenic rejuvenation by post-incision additions to the soil parent materials. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Chemical weathering; Cyclothem; Loess; Micromorphology; Pedogenesis; Soil chronosequence

Soil formation in Phobjikha Valley, Central Bhutan with special regard to the redistribution of loessic sediments. - Bäumler, Rupert; Caspari, Thomas; Norbu, Chencho; Tshering, Kado; Baillie, Ian (Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2009)
Soil development and landscape evolution were studied in the basin-shaped Phobjikha Valley at 2900-3200 m a.s.l., to the west of the Black Mountain Range, West Central Bhutan. The local environmental setting with strong along-valley winds, frequent freeze-thaw cycles, extensive dry periods and sparse vegetation cover seems to encourage the generation and short-distance transport of silt-sized particles. The effects of this process are evidenced in the smooth valley morphology and in the nature of the examined pedons. Their involvement in continuing redistribution of local sediments is reflected by a homogeneous silty-clayey and stone-free texture, varying profile depths, buried topsoils and weakly developed recent A horizons. In protected locations, in situ weathering of metamorphic parent materials results in alu-andic features with bulk densities <0.9 g cm-3, (Alo + 1/2Feo) > 2%, and phosphate retention >95%. Dominance by Al-hydroxy interlayered clay minerals and large amounts of well-crystallised iron oxides indicate an advanced stage of weathering. In areas of preferred eolian deposition, argic and ferralic features emerge, with clay contents of up to 60% and surface areas of >50 m2 g-1. Under forest, umbric horizons can develop. CECeff is below 10 cmolc kg-1 at all sites. Cluster and factor analyses of soil chemical and physical parameters confirm the redistribution of local sediments as a dominant factor behind the measured variables. No clear indication of glacial activities in the area was found, whereas the massive silty sediments in the lower parts of most profiles, the presence of debris slopes, and the asymmetric cross sections of the side valleys suggest periglacial conditions. Buried topsoils dated at about 2000 conventional 14C years BP indicate a weakening or absence of sediment influx under wetter conditions towards the end of the Holocene climate optimum. Charcoal on top of paleosols suggests that human activities of deforestation, grazing and arable agriculture may have contributed to the reactivation of local sediment redistribution until today. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilfo
Keywords: Cumulic soils; Himalayas; Loess cycle; Non-volcanic Andosols; Paleoclimatology

Soil geographical and pedogeochemical studies on Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation in the northwestern Tien Shan (Uzbekistan) - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 1999)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1999.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilge_7

Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: A challenge for precision crop protection - Patzold, Stefan; Mertens, Franz Michael; Bornemann, Ludger; Koleczek, Britta; Franke, Jonas; Feilhauer, Hannes; Welp, Gerhard (Precision Agriculture, 2008)
Crop protection seldom takes into account soil heterogeneity at the field scale. Yet, variable site characteristics affect the incidence of pests as well as the efficacy and fate of pesticides in soil. This article reviews crucial starting points for incorporating soil information into precision crop protection (PCP). At present, the lack of adequate field maps is a major drawback. Conventional soil analyses are too expensive to capture soil heterogeneity at the field scale with the required spatial resolution. Therefore, we discuss alternative procedures exemplified by our own results concerning (i) minimally and non-invasive sensor techniques for the estimation of soil properties, (ii) the evidence of soil heterogeneity with respect to PCP, and (iii) current possibilities for incorporation of high resolution soil information into crop protection decisions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture are extremely interesting for PCP. Their determination with minimally invasive techniques requires the sampling of soils, because the sensors must be used in the laboratory. However, this technique delivers precise information at low cost. We accurately determined SOC in the near-infrared. In the mid-infrared, texture and lime content were also exactly quantified. Non-invasive sensors require less effort. The airborne HyMap sensor was suitable for the detection of variability in SOC at high resolution, thus promising further progress regarding SOC data acquisition from bare soil. The apparent electrical conductivity as measured by an EM38 sensor was shown to be a suitable proxy for soil texture and layering. A survey of arable fields near Bonn (Germany) revealed widespread within-field heterogeneity of texture-related ECa, SOC and other characteristics. Maps of herbicide sorption and application rate were derived from sensor data, showing that optimal herbicide dosage is strongly governed by soil variability. A phytoassay with isoproturon confirmed the reliability of spatially varied herbicide application rates. Mapping areas with an enhanced leaching risk within fields allows them to be kept free of pesticides with related regulatory restrictions. We conclude that the use of information on soil heterogeneity within the concept of PCP is beneficial, both economically and ecologically. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Keywords: ECa; Herbicide; Hyperspectral sensor; Map; MIRS; NIRS; Pesticide; Soil organic carbon; Texture; Variability

Soils and Land Use in the Decapolis Region (Northern Jordan). Implications for Landscape Development and the Impact of Climate Change - Bäumler, Rupert; Lucke, Bernhard; al-Saad, Ziad; Schmidt, Michael; Lorenz, S.-O.; Udluft, P.; Heußner, K.-U.; Walker, Bethany (Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilsa

Soils and Paleosols at Ba'ja - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Neo-lithics, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilsa

Soils in arid and semiarid regions: The past as key for the future - Lucke, Bernhard; Bäumler, Rupert; Nikolskii, I. (Springer Netherlands, 2013)
Growing populations, increasing food demand, and technological advances may soon lead to intensifying land use in semiarid and arid countries through the spread of irrigated agriculture. Improved water harvesting and desalinization technology, coupled with higher efficiency of regenerative energies, might allow to widely extend irrigated areas. While this is a positive development in the light of growing demands for water and food, it presents challenges for land-use planners. Negative examples like Lake Aral make clear that a careful analysis is required before embarking on large-scale irrigation projects. Soils are central for assessing the impacts of irrigation in the desert. For longterm projects as outlined above, it is insufficient to consider only the present soil distribution. It should also be considered how soils will change under irrigation. In this context, the past is a key for the future, since the modeling of future soil development can be calibrated using reconstructions. Soil surveys which consider the archival role of soils and sediments can partly be used to understand the landscape history and identify risk areas. Paleosols can be evaluated as indicators how changes of moisture availability will affect soil properties and which time frames are involved. This can be coupled with modeling of future soil development. A major methodological challenge for this approach is the use of different parameters and time frames in reconstruction and modeling, which have to be “translated” using experimentally determined relationships. Long-term, large-scale irrigation in arid regions will mean a significant change of the environment and a departure from the conservative idea of sustainability, toward a concept which has been named “progressive development.“ Its success chances depend largely on our understanding and correct prediction of the consequences of man-made changes of the environment.
Keywords: Arid and semi-arid; Dry land; Fertility index; Paleosols; Sustainable development

Soils of the high mountain region of Eastern Nepal: classification, distribution and soil forming processes - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Catena, 1994)
Eleven soil profiles of the Mt. Everest region (Dudh Kosi and Beni Khola valley) between 2,700 and 4,900 m a.s.l. were investigated to provide information about soil classification, zonal distribution, and changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties with elevation and climatic conditions. The soils are mainly developed from deposits of the last main glaciation which are predominated by paragneisses. They were classified as Entisols, Inceptisols, and Spodosols according to the U.S. Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1990). Detailed chemical and clay mineralogical analyses indicate a strong influence of the elevation, integrating several factors of climatic conditions and bioclimatic zones, on soil types and soil forming processes. Inceptisols predominate in the hill zone and lower tropical mountain zone between 2,000 and 3,000 m a.s.l. They are replaced by Spodosols in the subalpine forest and alpine shrub zone up to 4,500 m. On eroded sites and locations above 4,500 m shallow and stony soils, classified as Entisols, are present. A linear decrease in the intensity of weathering with increasing elevation is shown by the decreasing clay content of the main weathering horizon. © 1994.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1994.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilso

Soil solution chemistry and impact of forest thinning in mountain forests in the Bavarian Alps - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Forest Ecology and Management, 1998)
The soil solution of two forested catchments in the Bavarian Alps was studied over a period of not quite four years with regard to the dynamics of solutes and the impact of forest thinning on the solution chemistry. Soil solution was obtained by porcelain tension cups from three depths (10, 30 and 50 cm). It is characterized by high concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth cations, and of silicate and bicarbonate. Solution chemistry in topsoil is influenced by atmospheric input, but the deposited acidity is almost completely and rapidly buffered through cation exchange and silicate weathering. The solution chemistry is further controlled by biogenetic processes including the release of ions by mineralization, and the temporary fixation of ions by biological immobilization and root uptake. Gaseous losses of N may occur due to a dominance of hydromorphic soils. Thinning (removal of 40% of the trees by thinning) caused strong changes of the solution chemistry. Except for silicate and sulfate the concentrations of all cations and anions increased mainly due to increased mineralization and the reduction of nutrient uptake by roots. Ammonium and nitrate showed the strongest effects. Solution chemistry returned to pre-event conditions one year after thinning due to the high buffer capacity of the soils.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1998.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilso
Keywords: Buffering processes; Forest thinning; Mineralization; Mountain forests; Soil solution

Soils on glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in Central and Eastern Nepal in relation to classification and landscape history - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Proceedings of the International Conference on Ecohydorlogy of High Mountain Areas, 1998)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.1998.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilso_8

Soil texture and altitude, respectively, largely determine the floristic gradient of the most diverse fog oasis in the Peruvian desert - Münchow, Jannes; Hauenstein, Simon; Bräuning, Achim; Bäumler, Rupert; Rodriguez, Eric Frank; Von Wehrden, Henrik (Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2013)
Studying species turnover along gradients is a key topic in tropical ecology. Crucial drivers, among others, are fog deposition and soil properties. In northern Peru, a fog-dependent vegetation formation develops on mountains along the hyper-arid coast. Despite their uniqueness, these fog oases are largely uninvestigated. This study addresses the influence of environmental factors on the vegetation of these unique fog oases. Accordingly, vegetation and soil properties were recorded on 66 4 × 4-m plots along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 200 to 950 m asl. Ordination and modelling techniques were used to study altitudinal vegetation belts and floristic composition. Four vegetation belts were identified: a low-elevation Tillandsia belt, a herbaceous belt, a bromeliad belt showing highest species richness and an uppermost succulent belt. Different altitudinal levels might reflect water availability, which is highest below the temperature inversion at around 700 m asl. Altitude alone explained 96% of the floristic composition. Soil texture and salinity accounted for 88%. This is in contrast with more humid tropical ecosystems where soil nutrients appear to be more important. Concluding, this study advances the understanding of tropical gradients in fog-dependent and ENSO-affected ecosystems. © Cambridge University Press 2013.
Keywords: altitudinal zonation; diversity gradient; dry tropics; edaphic gradient; ENSO; floristic modelling; La Niña; South America; spatial analysis; species richness

Soil weathering on glacial and glaciofluvial deposits in the Langtang valley (Central Nepal) and its relation to the glacial history - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementband, 1996)
Investigations of soil genesis on glacial and glaciofluvial deposits near Kyangjin in the Langtang valley, Central Nepal, and radiocarbon analysis were carried out to quantify the intensity of soil development and to date Holocene events. Iron fractionation and weathering indices resulted in a differentiation of the soils into groups of different soil development. The first group of very young soils are developed from deposits of the Little Ice Age. They had their main zone of weathering in the top horizons. The second group of soils, mainly Inceptisols and Spodosols, indicated advances of the Lirung glacier into the valley of Langtang Khola, which took place between 3100 and 500 years B.P. At about 6000 and 4400 yr B.P. climatic fluctuations occurred characterized by accelerated solifluction and deposition of eolian material following warmer periods with humus accumulation and soil formation. The relative-age estimates were supported by radiocarbon analysis.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1996.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.soilwe

Sonne, Mond und Sterne. Bindlach 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Sonnenfinsternisse und andere faszinierende Erscheinungen am Himmel. Basel 1999 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

SOS im All : Pannen, Probleme und Katastrophen der bemannten Raumfahrt. Berlin 2000 - Hübner, Thomas (2000)

Southern Hemispheric Westerlies control sedimentary processes of Laguna Azul (south-eastern Patagonia, Argentina) - Zolitschka, Bernd; Fey, Michael; Janssen, Stephanie; Maidana, Nora I.; Mayr, Christoph; Wulf, Sabine; Haberzettl, Torsten; Corbella, Hugo; Luecke, Andreas; Ohlendorf, Christian; Schaebitz, Frank (Holocene, 2019)
Multiproxy investigations of lacustrine sediments from Laguna Azul (52 degrees S) document multi-millennial Holocene influences of Southern Hemispheric Westerlies (SHW) on the hydroclimatic variability of south-eastern Patagonia. During the last 4000 years, this hydroclimatic variability is overprinted by centennial warm/dry periods. A cool/wet period from 11,600 to 10,100 cal. BP is succeeded by an early Holocene dry period (10,100-8300 cal. BP) with a shallow lake, strong anoxia, methanogenesis and high salinity. Between 8300 and 4000 cal. BP the influence of SHW weakened, resulting in a freshwater lake considered to be related to less arid conditions. Since 4000 cal. BP, regional temperature decreased accompanied by re-intensification of SHW reaching full strength since 3000 cal. BP. Centred around 2200, 1000 cal. BP and in the 20th century, Laguna Azul experienced century-long warm/dry spells. Between these dry periods, two pronounced moist periods are suggested to be contemporaneous to the Dark Age Cold Period' and the Little Ice Age'. Different from millennial SHW variations, centennial fluctuations appear to be synchronous for South America and the Northern Hemisphere. Changes in solar activity, large volcanic eruptions and/or modulations of ocean circulation are potential triggers for this synchronicity.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-02

Soziales Wohlbefinden Geflüchteter als Voraussetzung für das Bleiben in ländlichen Räumen. - Glorius, Birgit; Bürer, Miriam; Kordel, Stefan; Schammann, Hannes; Schneider, Hanne; Weidinger, Tobias; Younso, Christin (Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschland, 2022)
Dieses Kapitel thematisiert den Faktor des sozialen Wohlbefindens als Voraus- setzung zum Aufbau von positiven Bindungen, welche wiederum den länger- fristigen Verbleib an dem ländlichen Wohnort fördern können. Soziales Wohl- befinden steht in einem dialektischen Verhältnis zwischen der Erfüllung der eigenen Wünsche und der Einordnung in einen spezifischen sozialen Kontext.

Sozial- und Kulturgeographie - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Sozialwissenschaftliche Kartographie-, GIS- und Geoweb-Forschung - Glasze, Georg (Kartographische Nachrichten, 2014)

Sozialwissenschaftliche tag-Analyse mit OpenStreetMap-Daten am Beispiel religiöser Andachtsstätten in Deutschland. - Elrick, Tim (Kartographische Nachrichten, 2014)
Das Aufkommen von Web 2.0-Technologien auch im kartographischen Bereich eröffnet die Möglichkeit, soziale Phänomene vielfältiger als in amtlichen Karten zu repräsentieren. Dieser Beitrag führt am Beispiel der Open-StreetMap-Datenbank eine sozialwissenschaftliche Analyse kartographischer Repräsentationen religiöser Andachtsstätten in Deutschland im Hinblick auf diese Vielstimmigkeit durch und zeigt dabei die methodischen Möglichkeiten und Beschränkungen einer Attribut-Analyse von crowdsourced Geodaten auf.   The emergence of cartographic web 2.0 technologies opens the floor for a potentially more multifarious representation of social phenomena than in official maps. This paper examines cartographic representations of places of worship in Germany taking a sample from the OpenstreetMap database to analyze the polyphony in the data. It is followed by a methodological discussion of the applied tag analysis of the crowdsourced geodata.
Keywords: OpenStreetMap; Kritische Geoweb-Forschung; Places of worship

Space Night. München 2003 - Hübner, Thomas (2003)

Spatial and temporal analysis of changes in the glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula - Silva, Aline Barbosa; Arigony-Neto, Jorge; Braun, Matthias; Espinoza, Jean Marcel Almeida; Costi, Juliana; Janã, Ricardo (Global and Planetary Change, 2020)
The Antarctic Peninsula shows considerable spatial variability concerning its glaciological characteristics. It has also been subjected to severe climate changes, with reported glaciological consequences. However, such changes did not occur uniformly across the region. The present study aimed to characterize the glaciers of the Antarctic Peninsula geomorphologically and identify the spatial patterns of changes in their frontal position, generating an inventory of these features that will be part of the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space project. The study comprised the period between 1991 and 2015. We used ASTER imagery and ASTER GDEM and RAMP DEM digital elevation models to map the limits of glacial drainage basins. Landsat TM and ETM + data and the Antarctic Digital Database were used in areas not covered by ASTER images. We applied a supervised classification method to the satellite images to generate a mask of ice-free areas. The inventory of glaciers resulted in the delimitation of 1906 drainage basins between latitudes 61°S and 73°S, corresponding to an area of 476,507.83 km2. Ice-free areas occupied 5363.38 km2 (1% of the total). Between 2001 and 2015, 1339.68 km2 of ice was lost, corresponding to 1093 glaciers, while the area covered by glacier advance was estimated in 91.34 km2, corresponding to 255 glaciers, and 240 oscillating glaciers (gaining and losing ice mass). Thirty-nine percent of glaciers showed a slight retreat, 21% marked retreat, and 9% advanced during the period studied. The 16 ice shelves comprised an area of 137,677.16 km2, from which only 128,436.08 km2 remained until 2015. Eleven ice shelves experienced retreat during the period studied. We identified spatiotemporal variability patterns of the glaciers using statistical analysis by implementing empirical orthogonal functions (EOF), in which the first two EOFs represented approximately 87% of the space-time variability pattern of the glaciers. The glaciers classified as outlet glaciers (61%) were identified as the most sensitive to change, especially regarding frontal retreat. The glacial catchments classified as calving and floating were the most sensitive considering any change both in advance and retreat of their frontal area.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-11-22
Keywords: Calving glaciers; Empirical orthogonal functions; Geomorphological classification; Ice front retreat; Inventory of glaciers

Spatial and temporal temperature trends on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1961–2004 - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Thomas, Axel; Li, Jin-Bao; Cao, Kun-Fang (International Journal of Climatology, 2011)
Monthly mean (TEM), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) surface air temperatures at 119 meteorological stations on the Yunnan Plateau (YP, Southwest China) were analysed for temporal trends and spatial variation patterns during the period 1961–2004. Linear trend analyses revealed that annual temperature over the YP increased at a rate of 0.3 °C/decade during the period 1961–2004, while warming trend of 0.33 °C/decade and 0.26 °C/decade was observed for winter and summer temperatures, respectively. Warming trends of nighttime minimum temperature are more pronounced than those of daytime maximum temperature, especially during winter season. Consequently, a decreasing trend of diurnal temperature ranges (DTR = Tmax − Tmin) was observed. Five spatial patterns of temperature variability were objectively defined by rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, which are associated with distinct temporal temperature variations and geographical area over the YP. Annual temperature increases were found to be most pronounced in the southern and northwestern (high-elevation) parts of the YP, whereas the hot-dry valleys along the Yangtze and Red River basins experienced cooling during the past four decades.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.spatia
Keywords: Climate change; Global warming; Temperature; Trend analysis; Yunnan Plateau

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Glacier Surface Velocities and Outlet Areas on James Ross Island, Northern Antarctic Peninsula. - Lippl, Stefan; Friedl, Peter; Kittel, Christoph; Marinsek, Sebastiàn; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias (Geosciences, 2019)
The northern Antarctic Peninsula was affected by a significant warming over the second half of the 20th century and the collapse of several ice shelves. Local climate conditions on James Ross Island on the northeastern coast can differ strongly from the main part of the Antarctic Peninsula. This paper reports the spatial and temporal variability of glacier surface velocities and the area of their outlets throughout James Ross Island, and evaluates potential relationships with atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Velocity estimates were retrieved from intensity feature tracking of scenes from satellite synthetic aperture radar sensors TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X between 2014 and 2018, which were validated against ground observations. Calving front positions back to 1945 were used to calculate outlet area changes for the glaciers by using a common-box approach. The annual recession rates of almost all investigated glacier calving fronts decelerated for the time periods 2009–2014 and 2014–2018 in comparison to the period 1988–2009, but their velocity patterns differed. Analysis of atmospheric conditions failed to explain the different patterns in velocity and area changes. We suggest a strong influence from local bathymetric conditions. Future investigations of the oceanic conditions would be necessary for a profound understanding of the super-position of different influencing factor
Keywords: James Ross Island; Antarctic Peninsula; glacier velocities; glacier area changes

Spatial concepts, approaches and methods for digital humanities-an introduction to the book - Dammann, Finn; Kremer, Dominik (Bielefeld University, 2024)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-04-12

Spatial Concepts, Approaches and Methods for Digital Humanities – An Introduction to the Book - Dammann, Finn; Kremer, Dominik (Geographical Research in the Digital Humanities. Spatial Concepts, Approaches and Methods, 2024)

Spatial Development in the European Alps: Topographic Potential Area as a Basic Indicator for Policy Debates - Lambracht, Markus (Papers in Applied Geography, 2023)
The European Alps are characterized by a unique geographical environment. The high altitude and the associated steepness of the slopes pose numerous challenges for spatial development. Furthermore, due to their specific natural characteristics, the Alps constitute a region worthy of preservation, which brings additional considerations in the field of political decision-making. All these facts demand increased political and planning coordination. Debates about spatial development in the Alps, hardly address the regions’ topographic characteristics and their consequences. Based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) slope analysis, I argue that topographic factors and their implications for municipalities in the Alpine region have been underestimated in spatial development. In this article, an analytical mapping of the Alpine region based on topographic arguments addresses two research questions: What potentials and limits does slope data reveal for the Alps as a living space? How can this analysis help to identify potentials for spatial development in the Alps? I introduce the Topographic Potential Areas (TPA) and an associated TPA quotient, which relates the potential area based on slope steepness to the total area of the municipal territory. These findings serve as a basis for further analyses to facilitate a sustainable spatial organization of the Alpine region.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: Applied geomorphology; feature extraction; GIS; mapping; spatial planning

Spatial Develpment in Luxembourg: Mimetic evolution or emergence of a new planning culture? - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (European Planning Studies, 2014)

Spatial distribution of individuals with symptoms of depression in a periurban area in Lima: an example from Peru - Ruiz-Grosso, Paulo; Miranda, J. Jaime; Gilman, Robert H.; Walker, Blake; Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel; Varela-Gaona, Marco; Diez-Canseco, Francisco; Huicho, Luis; Checkley, William; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio (Annals of Epidemiology, 2016)
Purpose To map the geographical distribution and spatial clustering of depressive symptoms cases in an area of Lima, Peru. Methods Presence of depressive symptoms suggesting a major depressive episode was assessed using a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were obtained from a census conducted in 2010. One participant per selected household (aged 18 years and above, living more than 6 months in the area) was included. Residence latitude, longitude, and elevation were captured using a GPS device. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated, and relative risks (RRs) were calculated to identify areas of significantly higher and lower geographical concentrations of depressive symptoms. Results Data from 7946 participants, 28.3% male, mean age 39.4 (SD, 13.9) years, were analyzed. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.0% (95% confidence interval = 16.2%–17.8%). Three clusters with high prevalence of depressive symptoms (primary cluster: RR = 1.82; P = .003 and secondary: RR = 2.83; P = .004 and RR = 5.92; P = .01), and two clusters with significantly low prevalence (primary: RR = 0.23; P = .016 and secondary: RR = 0; P = .035), were identified. Further adjustment by potential confounders confirmed the high prevalence clusters but also identified newer ones. Conclusions Screening strategies for depression, in combination with mapping techniques, may be useful tools to target interventions in resource-limited areas.
Keywords: Depression; Hotspot; Spatial clustering; Peru; Mental health

Spatial Distribution of TCNs - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Report on Data Collection Framework – MATILDE Matrix (= Deliverable 2.6 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Spatial integration revisted – new insights for cross-border and transnational contexts.Science in support of European Territorial Development and Cohesion - Chilla, Tobias; Evrard, Estelle (Second ESPON 2013 Scientific Report, 2013)

Spatial-temporal patterns of homicide in socioeconomically deprived settings: violence in Alagoas, Brazil, 2006‒2015 - Nobrega Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme; Walker, Blake; Vieira Da Silva, Alessandra; Procopio Gonzaga, Gessyca Luyze; Maio De Brum, Evanisa Helena; Ribeiro, Mara Cristina (Global Health Action, 2021)
Background: Homicide presents a significant health burden globally, but geographical differences in homicide rates necessitate focussed analyses of spatial and temporal patterns, particularly in affected areas. The highest rates are concentrated in regions in Central and South America, but analyses of sub-regional patterns and sex-specific differences may yield important information for addressing the upstream causes of homicide at the community level. Objective: This study examines and presents spatial and temporal patterns of homicide victims from 2006 to 2015 in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, focussing on the municipality scale and differentiated by victims’ sex. Methods: Data comprising victims’ age, sex, the date, time, and the municipality of the homicide incident were acquired from the Brazilian National Mortality Information System. These data were aggregated by municipality, and we made quantitative comparisons of sex-specific homicide rates between the capital city of Macieó metropolitan region and the peripheral, predominantly rural regions. Empirical Local Bayes methods were used to adjust per-capita homicide risk estimates and map the results. Results: A total of 19,560 homicides occurred during the study period, with an average of 60.4 per 100,000 inhabitants; the metropolitan region rate was 81.8, compared to 46.5 for the remaining regions. The male homicide rate was 115.9 per 100,000, compared to 7.1 for females. Empirical Local Bayes mapping showed strong clustering of male homicide risk in specific cities near the capital, while female risk was more dispersed throughout the region. Conclusions: The risk of male victim homicide observed for the metropolitan region of Alagoas was amongst the highest globally, particularly during the period 2012–2014. Geographical differences in male and female risk may indicate differences in risk factors and highlight a need for prevention programmes that take into account gender-specific pathways of violence.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-08-13
Keywords: Brazil; homicide; mortality; spatial-temporal analysis; violence

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Cyclist Collisions in Germany: Variations in Frequency, Severity of Injury, and Type of Collision in 2019 - Harkort, Lasse; Walker, Blake; Lakes, Tobia (Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 2023)
Cycling has gained increasing interest in Germany in recent years due to its manifold environmental, societal, and economic benefits. However, the number of cyclist collisions resulting in injury or death remains high and little is known about regional variations in frequency, severity of injury, and type of collision. This study investigates spatial and temporal patterns and characteristics of cyclist collisions across Germany in 2019. Using a detailed cyclist collision dataset for most German federal states, we identified statistically significant regional differences in frequency, severity of injury, and type of collision. To facilitate this and future cyclist collision surveillance studies in Germany, we developed and published a custom R package to download and combine the collision data with geographical data. Our analysis reveals that densely populated regions exhibit higher collision rates and a higher share of collisions involving turns, but lower severity of injuries and a lower share of collisions whilst driving in a straight line, a higher collision frequency during the work week compared to weekends, and a higher collision frequency peak during morning rush hour. We also observed a markedly high share of fatal bicycle-truck collisions in densely populated regions. In contrast, rural regions show lower collision rates, but a higher share of severe collisions, a higher share of collisions whilst driving in a straight line, as well as higher collision frequencies during weekends and summer months. Our findings underscore the complex and multifaceted geographical variations in collisions involving cyclists. The results of this study suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to collision prevention infrastructure and policy may be insufficient for addressing variations in risk, and that future efforts to improve cyclist safety should be tailored to the local geographical context.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-08-26

Species-specific growth resilience to drought in a mixed semi-deciduous tropical moist forest in South Asia - Rahman, Mizanur; Islam, Mahmuda; Bräuning, Achim (Forest Ecology and Management, 2019)
The frequency and intensity of drought events have increased during the recent decades, particularly in the tropics. Yet, the growth and physiological responses of many tropical tree species to drought are still inadequately understood. We studied the drought resilience of two functionally different canopy tree species (Chukrasia tabularis and Toona ciliata) from a moist tropical forest in Bangladesh during two extreme drought events (1984 and 1999). We quantified four resilience components (resistance, recovery, resilience and relative resilience) of both species to infer drought tolerance of selected trees. Tree radial growth dropped by 44–56% in the drought years, varying with species and drought events. Two species showed no differences in their drought resistance during any of the drought events. However, C. tabularis showed higher recovery and resilience than T. ciliata after the 1999 drought event. T. ciliata showed higher resilience after the 1984 drought event. Linear mixed effect model (LMEM) revealed that growth rates in the two years before and after the drought events had a dominant role in drought responses over tree age, height, diameter, basal area increment and crown exposure, although crown exposure had significant influence on the resistance and the resilience of light demanding T. ciliata. We conclude that diffuse porous and intermediate shade tolerant C. tabularis is more drought tolerant than the ring-porous and light demanding T. ciliata. Since both study species are widely used as plantation species throughout the tropics, our results have important implications for forest managers to take decision on species suitability for plantation programs and to adopt forest management to future climate change conditions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-21
Keywords: Bangladesh; Dendroecology; Drought resilience; Drought tolerance; Extreme event; Moist tropical forest; Tree growth; Tree-ring

Spectral Characteristics of Soil Types in Northwestern Jordan Considering Iron Oxides Effects and Colors - Sahwan, Wahib; Lucke, Bernhard; Sprafke, Tobias; Vanselow, Kim; Bäumler, Rupert (Springer Nature, 2022)
Remote sensing as a tool to map and monitor soil cover in Jordan is very significant for agriculture production. Nonetheless, the still poor state of information about spectral characteristics of Jordan's soils is a challenge, where the understanding of soil spectra is of essential importance. It is especially suited to demonstrate relationships between spectral reflectance data and various soil properties, which correspond to well-known relationships of color, mineral assemblages, and chemical compositions. This study explores the spectral characteristics of soil types in northern Jordan with regard to soil colors and explains the effects of iron oxides on the shape of the spectral curves. A total of 160 bulk samples were collected systematically from the soil surface at 40 locations. Based on laboratory measurements with analytical spectral devices (ASDs), a mean soil reflectance spectrum (MSRS) was calculated. Color measurements of soils were conducted with a spectrophotometer using the CIELAB color space (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage CIE, (1978)). The results show high correlations between spectral characteristics, soil color variations, and Fe oxides. Whereas organic matter contents seem to play no detectable role. Based on these findings, we were able to distinguish six soil groups in the study area.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-02-04
Keywords: Iron oxides; Jordan; Soil color; Soil spectra; Spectroscopy

Spessart. Rum/Innsbruck 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

sPlot – A new tool for global vegetation analyses - Bruelheide, Helge; Dengler, Jürgen; Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja; Purschke, Oliver; Hennekens, Stephan M.; Chytrý, Milan; Pillar, Valério D.; Jansen, Florian; Kattge, Jens; Sandel, Brody; Aubin, Isabelle; Biurrun, Idoia; et al. (Journal of Vegetation Science, 2019)
Aims: Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results: sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community-weighted means and variances of traits using gap-filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community-weighted means of key traits. Conclusions: The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-02
Keywords: biodiversity; community ecology; ecoinformatics; functional diversity; global scale; macroecology; phylogenetic diversity; plot database; sPlot; taxonomic diversity; vascular plant; vegetation relevé

Spring season in western nepal himalaya is not yet warming: A 400-year temperature reconstruction based on tree-ringwidths of Himalayan Hemlock (Tsuga Dumosa) - Aryal, Sugam; Gaire, Narayan Prasad; Pokhrel, Nawa Raj; Rana, Prabina; Sharma, Basant; Kharal, Deepak Kumar; Poudel, Buddi Sagar; Dyola, Nita; Fan, Ze Xin; Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim (Atmosphere, 2020)
The Himalayan region has already witnessed profound climate changes detectable in the cryosphere and the hydrological cycle, already resulting in drastic socio-economic impacts. We developed a 619-yea-long tree-ring-width chronology from the central Nepal Himalaya, spanning the period 1399-2017 CE. However, due to low replication of the early part of the chronology, only the section after 1600 CE was used for climate reconstruction. Proxy climate relationships indicate that temperature conditions during spring (March-May) are the main forcing factor for tree growth of Tsuga dumosa at the study site. We developed a robust climate reconstruction model and reconstructed spring temperatures for the period 1600-2017 CE. Our reconstruction showed cooler conditions during 1658-1681 CE, 1705-1722 CE, 1753-1773 CE, 1796-1874 CE, 1900-1936 CE, and 1973 CE. Periods with comparably warmer conditions occurred in 1600-1625 CE, 1633-1657 CE, 1682-1704 CE, 1740-1752 CE, 1779-1795 CE, 1936-1945 CE, 1956-1972 CE, and at the beginning of the 21st century. Tropical volcanic eruptions showed only a sporadic impact on the reconstructed temperature. Also, no consistent temperature trend was evident since 1600 CE. Our temperature reconstruction showed positive teleconnections with March-May averaged gridded temperature data for far west Nepal and adjacent areas in Northwest India and on the Southwest Tibetan plateau. We found spectral periodicities of 2.75-4 and 40-65 years frequencies in our temperature reconstruction, indicating that past climate variability in central Nepal might have been influenced by large-scale climate modes, like the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-03-20
Keywords: Climate variability; Dendroclimatology; Manang; Past climate; Pre-monsoon temperature

Staab, Stephanie Aurelia: Odenwald mit Bergstraße, Darmstadt, Heidelberg. 3., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Stabilization of inorganic contaminants on lead crystal polishing sludge. - Bäumler, Rupert; Weigand, Harald; Gretzbach, Tina; Marb, C. (2008)
Neutralization sludge from the lead crystal polishing process has a high leaching potential for a series of inorganic contaminants. Cost-effective treatment options would be desirable both for soil contaminated by this residue and for waste from current manufacturing. The feasibility of contaminant stabilization was studied in batch experiments using five phosphatic amendments. All additives reduced lead concentrations relative to the control presumably by formation of sparingly soluble lead phosphates. Arsenic and zinc concentrations were above the control in some treatments due to either competitive displacement or additive-borne secondary contamination. Both stabilization and mobilization were dose-dependent. Equilibration velocities were contaminant-specific and varied between treatments. Slowest kinetics and lowest stabilization efficiencies were observed for fluoride. Treatment optimization should therefore focus on combined amendments which address both lead and fluoride. Copyright ASCE 2008.
UnivIS-Import:2015-07-08:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.stabil

Stable carbon isotope labeling reveals different carry-over effects between functional types of tropical trees in an Ethiopian mountain forest - Krepkowski, Julia; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Shibistova, Olga; Bräuning, Achim (New Phytologist, 2013)
We present an intra-annual stable carbon isotope (δC) study based on a labeling experiment to illustrate differences in temporal patterns of recent carbon allocation to wood structures of two functional types of trees, Podocarpus falcatus (a late-successional evergreen conifer) and Croton macrostachyus (a deciduous broadleaved pioneer tree), in a tropical mountain forest in Ethiopia. Dendrometer data, wood anatomical thin sections, and intra-annual δC analyses were applied. Isotope data revealed a clear annual growth pattern in both studied species. For P. falcatus, it was possible to synchronize annual δC peaks, wood anatomical structures and monthly precipitation patterns. The labeling signature was evident for three consecutive years. For C. macrostachyus, isotope data illustrate a rapid decline of the labeling signal within half a year. Our δC labeling study indicates a distinct difference in carryover effects between trees of different functional types. A proportion of the labeled δC is stored in reserves of wood parenchyma for up to 3 yr in P. falcatus. By contrast, C. macrostachyus shows a high turnover of assimilates and a carbon carryover effect is only detectable in the subsequent year.
Keywords: Carryover effect; Dendrometer; Ethiopia; Growth dynamics; Stable carbon isotopes; Tropical dendrochronology; Wood anatomy

Stable isotope records of sei whale baleens from Chilean Patagonia as archives for feeding and migration behavior - Reiss, Lilian; Häussermann, Verena; Mayr, Christoph (Ecology and Evolution, 2019)
Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope variations in baleen plates of sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) stranded after a mass mortality event in Chilean Patagonia were investigated to assess potential dietary and migratory patterns. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of seven baleens from six individuals were analyzed. The δ13C values ranged from − 19.1 to − 15.9‰ and the δ15N values from 8.7 to 15.4‰. Variations of up to 2.9‰ for δ13C and 5.3‰ for δ15N were observed within one baleen. Carbon and nitrogen isotope records of each baleen were significantly correlated and showed recurring oscillations confirmed by wavelet analyses. Oscillations slightly differed in periodicity indicating variable baleen growth rates between 10.0 and 16.5 cm/year. Food sources of the whales are discussed in terms of available isotope data for potential prey taxa and potential migratory behavior on the basis of latitudinal isotope gradients of particulate organic matter. Cyclicity could be explained by regular migrations of the sei whales from subtropical calving areas to high-latitude foraging grounds. δ15N records of baleens differed between individuals eventually pointing to diverse feeding and migratory preferences among sei whale individuals.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-31
Keywords: Balaenoptera borealis; baleen growth rate; carbon isotopes; mass mortality event; nitrogen isotopes; Patagonian fjords

Stable isotope relationships between apatite phosphate (δ18 O), structural carbonate (δ18 O, δ13 C), and collagen (δ2 H, δ13 C, δ15 N, δ34 S) in modern human dentine - Lehn, Christine; Rossmann, Andreas; Mayr, Christoph (Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2020)
RATIONALE: The use of multi-isotopic analysis (δ2 H, δ13 C, δ15 N, δ18 O, and δ34 S values) of modern human body tissues for provenancing of unknown individuals in forensics is increasing. Tooth dentine develops during childhood and adolescence, therefore providing geographical information from that period of life. Tooth apatite δ18 O values are commonly used for the reconstruction of drinking water values, and H-C-N-S isotope ratios in collagen supply additional information about the composition of diet. We tested if dentine collagen δ2 H values provide similar information to apatite δ18 O values with a proof-of-concept study. METHODS: Tooth samples were taken from modern-day individuals born in different regions of the world. Apatite and collagen were prepared from dentine. Stable isotope analyses were performed on apatite phosphate oxygen (δ18 Ophos ); oxygen and carbon of the structural carbonate (δ18 Ocarb , δ13 Ccarb ); and hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur of the collagen (δ2 Hcoll, δ13 Ccoll , δ15 N, δ34 S). RESULTS: δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values are highly correlated in modern human dentine. There are significant relationships of δ18 O values in the apatite fraction and δ2 H values in the collagen fraction with local δ18 O and δ2 H precipitation values, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate no direct relationship between δ15 N values and the isotope ratios of any other element. Weak relationships exist between collagen δ34 S values and δ18 Ocarb or δ18 Ophos values. CONCLUSIONS: The highly significant correlation of δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values in the modern human dentine implies that measurement of δ2 H values in collagen or δ18 O values in bioapatite will provide reliable information about the climate at the person's whereabouts.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-03-17

Stable isotope variations in tree rings as indicators of environmental change and paleohydroclimate variability in north Iran - Foroozan, Zeynab (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2021)
Precise knowledge about the long-term hydroclimatic variability is essential to analyze the impact of natural and anthropogenically induced climate change, especially in the world's arid to semi-arid regions. Iran is located in one of the world's most water-scarce and dry areas in Southwestern Asia. Hence, the country is highly subjected to water scarcity, water-related natural hazards such as drought and flash flood, and thus prone to their consequences on the ecosystem and human society. Besides, the growing population and the thirst for socio-economic development, in turn, increase the region's vulnerability to climate change. However, the current solutions to the aggravating water crisis are inadequate and inefficient without a clear picture of regional water availability in the future. In this context, a major defect is the lack of hydroclimate (precipitation) data of the past and present. A neglected area in this regard is the high potential of natural climate archives for extending our knowledge about past and present variations in hydroclimate. This research was thus initiated to explore the potential of a natural climate proxy for paleoclimate reconstructions to improve our understanding of long-term regional climate variability in Iran. Accordingly, we evaluated the potential of stable isotopes in tree-ring cellulose to serve as paleoclimate indicators. We determined the climate signal recorded in δ13C and δ18O variations in tree-ring cellulose. Besides, this study tested the ecological responses of two tree species belonging to different plant functional types, an evergreen conifer (Juniperus polycarpos) and a broadleaved deciduous oak (Quercus macranthera), growing under distinct climate conditions to their environments, to increased CO2, and recent climate change by analyzing trends of intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). In this thesis, we evaluated species-specific responses to drought of those tree species to provide baseline data for possible forest management efforts alleviating the impacts of expected climate change. The observed increasing trends in iWUE indicated reduced stomatal conductance in both study species in response to the changing climate and elevated atmospheric CO2. The mean correlations among individual δ13C series in each site and between the site δ13C chronologies provide strong evidence of a robust common climate signal in isotope series. The proxy-climate analysis revealed that the interplay between the combined influence of climate and local site conditions and species behavior determines δ13C variations in both species. The results showed that drought stress, which is controlled by precipitation, is the dominant climatic control on the δ13C fluctuations in both oak and juniper trees. In general, juniper responded more sensitive to moisture stress and is thus a more suitable proxy for paleohydroclimatic studies in northern Iran. Furthermore, δ18O-climate analysis indicated a strong effect of moisture availability on δ18O of tree-ring cellulose in juniper. Accordingly, the first set of analyses and data comparison indicated a high potential of δ18O variations in juniper tree-ring cellulose for paleohydroclimatic investigations in northern Iran. In the next step, this thesis assessed various pooling techniques for combining cross-dated tree-rings from different tree individuals before isotopic analysis. The evaluations indicated that an alternative approach to individual-tree isotope measurements, combined with high time and cost efficiency, is inter-tree pooling. Accordingly, the results confirmed that a pooled δ18O chronology can be used for paleoclimate reconstructions in northern Iran without compromising high-frequency climate signals. Subsequently, we were able to develop a well-replicated 501-year spanning tree-ring δ18O chronology, representing the first stable isotope archive with annual resolution for paleohydroclimatic investigations in Iran. The statistical characteristics of the tree-ring δ18O chronology, such as the expressed population signal (EPS), confirmed that the isotope chronology contained a robust climate signal. The regional δ18O chronology showed a significant negative correlation with precipitation and vapor pressure deficit, and a positive correlation with temperature during the growing season. Therefore, it was concluded that the proxy record reflects site moisture conditions controlled mainly by precipitation and is thus useful for the reconstruction of past hydroclimate conditions, like long-term precipitation variations. Consequently, we succeeded in reconstructing hydroclimatic variability for the northern semi-arid region of Iran over the period 1515-2015 using the juniper δ18O chronology. The reconstructed precipitation series captured the magnitude of inter-annual and long-term variability in precipitation and the intensity, duration, and frequency of dry/wet events. During the past 500 years, pronounced phases with wetter (18th century) and drier (16th century) conditions than today are apparent. The reconstructed spring precipitation record gradually declined from the beginning of the 19th century and culminated in a drier period in the early 20th century. It is also evident that since the 18th century, the overall frequency of years with dry events has increased significantly. The study suggests the strong influence of regional atmospheric factors such as the nearby Caspian Sea, the local topography, the high elevation, and the influence of the westerlies on precipitation variations at the study site. This thesis managed to obtain conclusive evidence for the high potential of stable isotope dendroclimatology to investigate long-term hydroclimate variability in a semi-arid region of Iran. The findings of this study could support decision-makers in sustainable water resource management and climate change adaptation plans. An additional important implication of this research is the contribution to complement the sparse network of available instrumental climate stations and available proxy records, and the projection of future changes in the region's climate. <br
Keywords: Stable isotope dendroclimatology; Climate reconstruction; Stable isotopes; Juniperus polycarpos; Paleohydroclimatic proxy

Stable oxygen isotopes in juniper and oak tree rings from northern Iran as indicators for site-specific and season-specific moisture variations - Bräuning, Achim; Foroozan, Zeynab; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz (Dendrochronologia, 2015)
Variations of stable isotopes ratios in tree rings are indicators of climate fluctuations. The current study examines the relationships between precipitation and temperature variations and stable oxygen isotopes ratios (δO) of the last 50 years in cellulose extracted from growth rings of Juniperus polycarpus and Quercus macranthera in northern Iran. We sampled at high-elevation sites in the Alborz Mountains, where J. polycarpus covers south-facing slopes and Q. macranthera covers north-facing slopes, respectively. δO values of tree-ring cellulose in oak and juniper show site-specific differences in their mean and standard deviation, but temporal variations are significantly correlated, indicating a common forcing. Correlation functions of tree-ring δO with local and modelled climate data reveal positive effects of temperature on δO values in J. polycarpus during January-June, with significant correlations in January and May. Moreover, juniper δO is influenced by winter precipitation, probably due to an influence of snow melt on the isotopic composition of soil water during spring. Negative correlations were found between juniper δO and early vegetation period precipitation, when new xylem cells are formed. In contrast, δO of oak contains a late summer (September) precipitation signal. Besides, δO values in oak are positively affected by temperatures during summer and winter, with strongest connections with temperatures of September during the previous and current growing seasons. By combining stable isotope signals of species growing under different site conditions, there is a potential to reconstruct moisture variations during different seasons in the mountain areas of north Iran.
Keywords: Alborz mountains; Cellulose; Climate; Juniperus polycarpus; Quercus macranthera; Stable oxygen isotopes; Tree rings

Stable oxygen isotopes in juniper trees from the Tibetan plateau as a proxy for monsoonal activity - Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim; Thomas, Axel; Schleser, Gerhard Hans (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 6: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2007 Scientific Technical Report STR 08/05, GFZ Potsdam, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.stable

Städte und Siedlungssystem der Alpen - Chilla, Tobias; Bertram, Dominik; Lambracht, Markus (Geographische Rundschau, 2023)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-15

Stadtgespräche aus Nürnberg. Meßkirch 2015 - Hübner, Thomas (2015)

Städtische Gouvernementalität - Michel, Boris (2009)

Städtische Integrationspolitiken in der Diskussion: ein Tagungsbericht - Glasze, Georg; Husseini de Araújo, Shadia; Weber, Florian; Bendel, Petra; Schumann, Christoph; Thielmann, Jörn (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.stdtis

Stadt-Naturen in der Diskursanalyse. Konzeptionelle Hintergründe und empirische Möglichkeiten - Chilla, Tobias (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.stadtn

Stadträume als gesellschaftlich hergestellte Räume - Glasze, Georg; Hofmann, Romy; Uphues, Rainer (Praxis Geographie, 2012)

Stadt und Natur - Dichotomie, Kontinuum, soziale Konstruktion - Chilla, Tobias (Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.stadtu

Stadt von rechts? Eine Einleitung - Bernet, Tobias; Bescherer, Peter; Beurskens, Kristine; Feustel, Robert; Michel, Boris (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2019)
Ausgehend von der Kontroverse zwischen klassen- und identitätspolitischen Erklärungsmustern für den gesellschaftlichen Rechtsruck umreißt der Beitrag die Bedeutung raumbezogener Differenzierungen für die Ausbildung und Stabilisierung rechter Orientierungen. Damit einher geht die Klärung der im Gebrauch befindlichen Begriffe Extremismus, Rechtspopulismus, Konservatismus und neue Rechte. Auf urbane Räume bezogene Analysen werden darüber hinaus kritisch gegen Einwände diskutiert, etwa jene dass in den Städten eher ‘links’ gewählt werde oder dass rechte Strömungen grundsätzlich großstadtfeindlich seien. Schließlich gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick zu den Texten im Themenschwerpunkt des Hefte
Keywords: AfD; Extremismustheorie; Großstadtfeindschaft; Identitätspolitik; Klassenpolitik; Leipzig; neue Rechte; Populismus; Rassismus; Rechtspopulismus; Stadtentwicklung; Wahlgeographie

Staging a disaster and restaging a ‘community’ – the seismic crisis of El Hierro - Orlowski, Benedikt Marko (AAG Anual Meeting 2015, 2015)
Small islands and their communities appear to be a perfect laboratory for disaster risk studies: clear-cut, isolated, manageable and consistent. But what if a disaster reveals that the idea of an island 'community' is a metaphor rather than a coherent entity and, in addition, a 'disaster' is staged rather than real? In 2011, El Hierro (Canary Islands) experienced a volcanic crisis. An offshore, submarine eruption caused colouring of the sea, the emission of gas and floating volcanic bombs. The situation triggered a partly dramatized media coverage. This 'staging' has an effect on islanders' risk perceptions, since it differs from their own interpretation of events. As framing El Hierro as a hazardous place has damaged the islanders' well-being, coping strategies have aimed at altering how the seismic event has been represented. Local media are managing their reporting carefully and authorities omit statements about possible risks. A closer look at the range of experiences reveals that the crisis people lived through was actually the interaction of rivalling 'framings' of the natural event. To counter the crisis, long-established framings are mobilized and, thus, the significance of the community is increased: Being Herreño means being connected to nature, neglected by those in power and, consequently, a member of a resilient and strong community. As this identity is very compatible with current circumstances, where the fight against adversity is highlighted, statements from individuals in regard to volcanic risk often return to it. This 'restaging' of the community both has important implications for adaptation and preparedness.

Standortquotient - Elrick, Tim (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2014)

State-wide land use change detection using remote change - Braun, Matthias; et al. (SPIE Remote Sensing Europe, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.statew

Steinberger, Karin: Reportage Indien : die Wut der Frauen und das beste Omelett des Subkontinents. Wien 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Sternführer für Einsteiger : die 60 wichtigsten Sternbilder verständlich erklärt. Stuttgart 1999 - Hübner, Thomas (2000)

Sternstunden der Technik : Forscher und Erfinder verändern die Welt / Rudolf Pörtner (Hrsg.). Düsseldorf 1986 - Hübner, Thomas (1987)

Stigma and Discrimination - An integrative perspective: Spatial disparities and their impact on the introduction of an antiretroviral therapy scheme for HIV and AIDS treatment in Botswana - Geiselhart, Klaus (Erdkunde, 2010)
The article outlines the empirical finding that there are spatial differences in HIV and AIDS-related stigma in Botswana. Most common theories on stigma and discrimination disregard such disparities. It was necessary to develop an integrative perspective in order to explain these findings and this required a broad interdisciplinary review of the literature in the fields of sociology, education, psychology, social psychology and applied sciences. The article explains how stigma and discrimination developed dependent on the local condition of the research sites. The relevance of the topic is apparent from the fact that stigma and discrimination in an urban community hindered the introduction of a medication scheme with antiretroviral drugs.
Keywords: Aids; Discrimination; Hiv; Identity; Integration; Rejection; Social identity; Stigma

Stigma and Discrimination: Social Encounters, Identity and Space. A concept derived from HIV and AIDS related research in the high prevalence country Botswana - Geiselhart, Klaus (2009)
How do social encounters conjure up stigma and discrimination? How do social identities emerge and how do people reject or integrate each other in local settings and social space? How do individuals affected build their self-identities and cope with the socially divisive effects of their stigma? The book provides an unconventional view on the subject matter. It is based on empirical fieldwork on the social effects of HIV and AIDS in Botswana. A broad review of geographical, sociological, psychological and social psychological literature, as well as the consideration of works of applied sciences helps to lift the empirical findings to a more general and theoretical level. Different lines of theory are disentangled and integrated into a concept of stigma and discrimination. With its standpoint of pragmatist epistemology and the special focus on the spatial character of social distances the book is of interest not only for social geographers. Both stigma and discrimination are socially highly relevant phenomena. They not only induce social segregation in such a manner that people are forced to subordinate themselves. Especially stigmatisation leads people to exclude themselves out of shame. People also refrain from seeking support from relevant services. It is therefore of elementary importance in many social fields (e.g. the public health sector, social work, etc.) to understand the processes of stigma and discrimination.

Stigma, Support Initiatives and the “Directors’ Dilemma“: is anyone mitigating the socio-economic impact of HIV and AIDS related stigma in Botswana? - Geiselhart, Klaus (2006)
The article explains the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Botswana. It identifies self-help initiatives as those who mitigate the impact and explains the most severe problems they face. This paper is a revised version of the presentation given at the workshop "Changing HIV and AIDS impact patterns in the wake of the ARV therapy" in Gaborone/ Botswana.

Stigmatisierung von Stadtvierteln. Einleitung in das Themenheft - Glasze, Georg; Pütz, Robert; Tijé-Dra, Andreas (Europa Regional, 2014)

Stoffeintrag und Stoffdynamik zweier Kleineinzugsgebiete im Flysch (Tegernseer Alpen) - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (GSF-Bericht 39/93, 1993)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.1993.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.stoffe

'Stop Being a Tourist!' New Dynamics of Urban Tourism in Berlin-Kreuzberg - Michel, Boris; Füller, Henning (International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2014)
Berlin is witnessing a massive tourism boom, and parts of it can be described as 'new urban tourism', which shows a preference for off the beaten track areas and 'authentic' experiences of the city. This form of tourism seems especially salient in Kreuzberg. It is here that an openly articulated critique of tourism attracted national attention in 2011 and has not ceased to do so since. This article aims to better understand the conflictive potential of (new urban) tourism in Kreuzberg. We argue that the readily expressed negative attitudes against tourists and the easily accepted link between tourism and gentrification have to be explained against the backdrop of certain housing-market dynamics. Rising rents and a diminution in the number of flats available for rent are fuelling fears of gentrification in Kreuzberg, while the interest shown in new urban tourism and the comparatively low-priced real-estate market in Berlin result in a growing number of holiday flats. Although adding only slightly to the tightening of the housing market, holiday flats render complex processes of neighborhood change visible and further sustain an already prevalent tourism critique. © 2014 Urban Research Publications Limited.
Keywords: Authenticity; Berlin; Gentrification; Germany; Housing market; Tourism

Strategies for regional modeling of surface mass balance at the Monte Sarmiento Massif, Tierra del Fuego - Temme, Franziska; Farías Barahona, David; Seehaus, Thorsten; Janã, Ricardo; Arigony-Neto, Jorge; Gonzalez, Inti; Arndt, Anselm; Sauter, Tobias; Schneider, Christoph; Fürst, Johannes (Cryosphere, 2023)
This study investigates strategies for calibration of surface mass balance (SMB) models in the Monte Sarmiento Massif (MSM), Tierra del Fuego, with the goal to achieve realistic simulations of the regional SMB. Applied calibration strategies range from a local single-glacier calibration to a regional calibration with the inclusion of a snowdrift parametrization. We apply four SMB models of different complexity. This way, we examine the model transferability in space, the benefit of regional mass change observations and the advantage of increasing the complexity level regarding included processes. Measurements include ablation and ice thickness observations at Schiaparelli Glacier as well as elevation changes and flow velocity from satellite data for the entire study site. Performance of simulated SMB is validated against geodetic mass changes and stake observations of surface melting. Results show that transferring SMB models in space is a challenge, and common practices can produce distinctly biased estimates. Model performance can be significantly improved by the use of remotely sensed regional observations. Furthermore, we have shown that snowdrift does play an important role for the SMB in the Cordillera Darwin, where strong and consistent winds prevail. The massif-wide average annual SMB between 2000 and 2022 falls between -0.28 and -0.07 m w.e. yr-1, depending on the applied model. The SMB is mainly controlled by surface melting and snowfall. The model intercomparison does not indicate one obviously best-suited model for SMB simulations in the MSM.<br

Streamwater chemistry in mountain forest watersheds of the Bavarian Alps Effects of forest use or natural disturbances. - Bäumler, Rupert (Geographica Helvetica, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.stream

„street art geography“. Oder: Jetzt machen’se doch mal! - Gemeinholzer, Jan (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2017)
Ob Höhlenmalerei, Deckenfresko oder Graffiti und Street Art: Zeichen und Bilder auf Wänden gehören zum Menschen. Aber was haben diese Kunstformen mit Geographie zu tun? Über Wandmalerei ist eine Einflussnahme auf die Prägung räumlicher Images möglich. Sie vermittelt neben schönen Bildern oft auch Ideologien oder entsprechende Gegen-Ideologien. In diesem Beitrag werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse meiner Bachelorarbeit präsentiert, die sich u.a. mit der Muralismusbewegung im Kontext der mexikanischen Revolution, dem Graffitiboom im Kontext von sozialer Segregation in US-amerikanischen Großstädten der späten 1970er Jahre und den rezenten murales in Valparaíso im Kontext von „theming“ und „place making“ in Chiles Kunst- und Kulturhauptstadt beschäftigt.<br
Keywords: Street Art; Graffiti; Mural Art; Muralismus; Valparaíso; Mexiko; Bachelorarbeit; Themenort

Striving for the “good life” – home-making among senior citizens on the move. An analysis of German (pre)retirees in Spain and Germany in a continuum of tourism and migration - Kordel, Stefan (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2015)
Keywords: Migration; Tourism; Ageing; Home; Spain

Structure and Function of Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations: Mind the Gaps - Battipaglia, Giovanna; Campelo, Filipe; Vieira, Joana; Grabner, Michael; De Micco, Veronica; Nabais, Cristina; Cherubini, Paolo; Carrer, Marco; Bräuning, Achim; Čufar, Katarina; Di Filippo, Alfredo; García-González, Ignacio; et al. (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016)
Tree rings are natural archives of climate and environmental information with a yearly resolution. Indeed, wood anatomical, chemical, and other properties of tree rings are a synthesis of several intrinsic and external factors, and their interaction during tree growth. In particular, Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations (IADFs) can be considered as tree-ring anomalies that can be used to better understand tree growth and to reconstruct past climate conditions with intra-annual resolution. However, the ecophysiological processes behind IADF formation, as well as their functional impact, remain unclear. Are IADFs resulting from a prompt adjustment to fluctuations in environmental conditions to avoid stressful conditions and/or to take advantage from favorable conditions? In this paper we discuss: (1) the influence of climatic factors on the formation of IADFs; (2) the occurrence of IADFs in different species and environments; (3) the potential of new approaches to study IADFs and identify their triggering factors. Our final aim is to underscore the advantages offered by network analyses of data and the importance of high-resolution measurements to gain insight into IADFs formation processes and their relations with climatic conditions, including extreme weather events.
Keywords: IADF; network analysis; stable isotopes; tree-ring; wood anatomy; wood formation

Strukturen Sehen. Über die Karriere eines Hexagons in der quantitativen Revolution. - Michel, Boris (Geographica Helvetica, 2016)

Struktur und ökologische Merkmale der oberen Waldgrenze in der Andinen Depression - Peters, Thorsten (AK Hochgebirge, 2009)

Struktur und ökologische Merkmale der oberen Waldgrenze in der Andinen Depression - Peters, Thorsten (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2009)

Strunz, Gunnar: Fankenwald : rund um Kronach, Ludwigsstadt und Bad Steben ; mit Hof, Kulmbach und Coburg. Berlin 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Subglacial discharge controls seasonal variations in the thermal structure of a glacial lake in Patagonia - Sugiyama, Shin; Minowa, Masahiro; Fukamachi, Yasushi; Hata, Shuntaro; Yamamoto, Yoshihiro; Sauter, Tobias; Schneider, Christoph; Schaefer, Marius (Nature Communications, 2021)
Water temperature in glacial lakes affects underwater melting and calving of glaciers terminating in lakes. Despite its importance, seasonal lake temperature variations are poorly understood because taking long-term measurements near the front of calving glaciers is challenging. To investigate the thermal structure and its seasonal variations, we performed year-around temperature and current measurement at depths of 58–392 m in Lago Grey, a 410-m-deep glacial lake in Patagonia. The measurement revealed critical impacts of subglacial discharge on the lake thermal condition. Water below a depth of 100 m showed the coldest temperature in mid-summer, under the influence of glacial discharge, whereas temperature in the upper layer followed a seasonal variation of air temperature. The boundary of the lower and upper layers was controlled by the depth of a sill which blocks outflow of dense and cold glacial meltwater. Our data implies that subglacial discharge and bathymetry dictate mass loss and the retreat of lake-terminating glaciers. The cold lakewater hinders underwater melting and facilitates formation of a floating terminus.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-12

Substantial glacier mass loss in the Tien Shan over the past 50 years - Farinotti, Daniel; Longuevergne, Laurent; Moholdt, Geir; Duethmann, Doris; Mölg, Thomas; Bolch, Tobias; Vorogushyn, Sergiy; Guentner, Andreas (Nature Geoscience, 2015)
Populations in Central Asia are heavily dependent on snow and glacier melt for their water supplies. Changes to the glaciers in the main mountain range in this region, the Tien Shan, have been reported over the past decade. However, reconstructions over longer, multi-decadal timescales and the mechanisms underlying these variations-both required for reliable future projections-are not well constrained. Here we use three ensembles of independent approaches based on satellite gravimetry, laser altimetry, and glaciological modelling to estimate the total glacier mass change in the Tien Shan. Results from the three approaches agree well, and allow us to reconstruct a consistent time series of annual mass changes for the past 50 years at the resolution of individual glaciers. We detect marked spatial and temporal variability in mass changes. We estimate the overall decrease in total glacier area and mass from 1961 to 2012 to be 18 +/- 6% and 27 +/- 15%, respectively. These values correspond to a total area loss of 2,960 +/- 1,030 km(2), and an average glacier mass-change rate of -5.4 +/- 2.8 Gt yr(-1). We suggest that the decline is driven primarily by summer melt and, possibly, linked to the combined effects of general climatic warming and circulation variability over the north Atlantic and north Pacific.

Suburbanisation of oral cavity cancers: Evidence from a geographically-explicit observational study of incidence trends in British Columbia, Canada, 1981-2010 - Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine; Auluck, Ajit; Lear, Scott A.; Rosin, Miriam (BMC Public Health, 2015)
Background Recent studies have demonstrated an elevated risk of oral cavity cancers (OCC) among socioeconomically deprived populations, whose increasing presence in suburban neighbourhoods poses unique challenges for equitable health service delivery. The majority of studies to date have utilised aspatial methods to identify OCC. In this study, we use high-resolution geographical analyses to identify spatio-temporal trends in OCC incidence, emphasising the value of geospatial methods for public health research. Methods Using province-wide population incidence data from the British Columbia Cancer Registry (1981–2009, N = 5473), we classify OCC cases by census-derived neighbourhood types to differentiate between urban, suburban, and rural residents at the time of diagnosis. We map geographical concentrations by decade and contrast trends in age-adjusted incidence rates, comparing the results to an index of socioeconomic deprivation. Results Suburban cases were found to comprise a growing proportion of OCC incidence. In effect, OCC concentrations have dispersed from dense urban cores to suburban neighbourhoods in recent decades. Significantly higher age-adjusted oral cancer incidence rates are observed in suburban neighbourhoods from 2006 to 2009, accompanied by rising socioeconomic deprivation in those areas. New suburban concentrations of incidence were found in neighbourhoods with a high proportion of persons aged 65+ and/or born in India, China, or Taiwan. Conclusions While the aging of suburban populations provides some explanation of these trends, we highlight the role of the suburbanisation of socioeconomically deprived and Asia-born populations, known to have higher rates of risk behaviours such as tobacco, alcohol, and betel/areca consumption. Specifically, betel/areca consumption among Asia-born populations is suspected to be a primary driver of the observed geographical shift in incidence from urban cores to suburban neighbourhoods. We suggest that such geographically-informed findings are complementary to potential and existing place-specific cancer control policy and targeting prevention efforts for high-risk sub-populations, and call for the supplementation of epidemiological studies with high-resolution mapping and geospatial analysis.

Summer temperature and summer monsoon history on the Tibetan plateau during the last 400 years recorded by tree rings - Bräuning, Achim; Mantwill, Bernd (Geophysical Research Letters, 2004)
Global circulation models predict an increase of summer monsoon precipitation in High Asia as a consequence of global warming. The shortness of available meteorological records requires the reconstruction of past climate variability. However, high-resolution climate proxy records from the Tibetan plateau are scarce and of limited spatial representativeness. Here we present first evidence of increased summer monsoon intensity from the Tibetan plateau based on reconstructions of late summer (August and September) temperature and rainfall from a network of 22 maximum latewood density (MLD) chronologies of high-elevation conifer sites. After 1980, a decrease in MLD points to an increase of Indian summer monsoon activity in southern Tibet unprecedented during the past 350 years.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.increa
Keywords: 1620 Global change: Climate dynamics (3309); 3344 Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics: Paleoclimatology; 3354 Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics: Precipitation (1854); 4221 Oceanography: General: Dendrochronology; 9320 Information related to geographic region: Asia

Summer temperature reconstruction on the central Tibetan plateau during 1860-2002 derived from annually resolved ice core pollen - Yang, Bao; Tang, Lingyu; Bräuning, Achim; Davis, Mary E.; Shao, Jajun; Jingjing, Liu (Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 2008)
We present a 140-year ice core pollen record with annual time resolution from the Puruogangri ice field in the central Tibetan Plateau. A linear regression model between the sum of the steppe and meadow pollen taxa and summer temperature at Naqu accounts for 66% of the summer temperature variance for the period 1955-2002. On the basis of this model, we reconstructed summer temperature history for the central Tibetan Plateau from 1860 to 2002. Three marked warm periods during the 1870s, 1890s, and 1990s and five cold periods during the 1860s, 1880s, 1900s, 1950s, and 1960-1970s were identified. Within the last 100 years, late 20th century warming is distinctive and may have had a major role in the present retreat of most glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau. The pollen record is also significantly correlated with average annual temperatures over the whole Tibetan Plateau, suggesting that these proxy data have the potential for reflecting large-scale regional temperature change. The statistically significant similarity between the Puruogangri ice core pollen record and the δ18O time series indicates that both are reliable indicators of temperature change at annual to multiyear timescales in this region.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.summer

Summer temperature reconstructions of the last 400 years in Kamchatka and Kunashir based on tree-ring analysis - Solomina, Olga; Jacoby, Gordon C.; D'Arrigo, Rosanne D.; Bräuning, Achim; Eremenko, N.; Muraviev, Yaroslav D. (Problems of Ecological Monitoring and Ecosystem Modelling, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.summer_9

Support vector machines for multitemporal and multisensor change detection in a mining area - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Proceedings of the ESA Living Planet Symposium, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.suppor

Surface energy fluxes on Chilean glaciers: measurements and models - Schaefer, Marius; Fonseca-Gallardo, Duilio; Farías Barahona, David; Casassa, Gino (Cryosphere, 2020)
The surface energy fluxes of glaciers determine surface melt, and their adequate parametrization is one of the keys to a successful prediction of future glacier mass balance and freshwater discharge. Chile hosts glaciers in a large range of latitudes under contrasting climatic settings: from 18 degrees S in the Atacama Desert to 55 degrees S on Tierra del Fuego. Using three different methods, we computed surface energy fluxes for five glaciers which represent the main glaciological zones of Chile. We found the main energy sources for surface melt change from the Central Andes, where the net shortwave radiation is driving the melt, to Patagonia, where the turbulent fluxes are an important source of energy. We inferred higher surface melt rates for Patagonian glaciers as compared to the glaciers of the Central Andes due to a higher contribution of the turbulent sensible heat flux, less negative net longwave radiation and a positive contribution of the turbulent latent heat flux. The variability in the atmospheric emissivity was high and not able to be explained exclusively by the variability in the inferred cloud cover. The influence of the stability correction and the roughness length on the magnitude of the turbulent fluxes in the different climate settings was examined. We conclude that, when working towards physical melt models, it is not sufficient to use the observed melt as a measure of model performance; the model parametrizations of individual components of the energy balance have to be validated individually against measurements.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-09-11

Surface mass balance and energy balance of the 79N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, NE Greenland) modeled by linking COSIPY and Polar WRF - Blau, Manuel; Turton, Jenny; Sauter, Tobias; Mölg, Thomas (Journal of Glaciology, 2021)
To get a better overview of atmosphere-driven mass changes at the 79N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier), the largest outlet glacier of the northeast Greenland ice stream, the surface mass balance (SMB) is modeled by linking the COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass-balance model in PYthon (COSIPY) with the output of a regional atmospheric model (Polar WRF) for the years 2014-2018. After a manual model optimization, the model produces reliable results when compared to observations in the region and to values from the literature. High spatial resolution (1 km) simulations reveal strong interannual variability of the SMB. Stronger surface melting increased the ablation and runoff in years with high mass loss (2016 and 2017) whereas in other years (2015 and 2018) melting and refreezing inside the snowpack dominated the mass balance (MB). A cooler regional climate with higher snowfall-driven accumulation, higher albedo and reduced surface melt in the ablation period of 2018 resulted in a positive SMB in 2018, however, the annual total MB remained negative. The results suggest a promising new dataset for gaining more insights into mass-balance processes and their contribution to the acceleration of glacier retreat in northeast Greenland.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-26
Keywords: Glacier mass balance; glacier modeling; ice/atmosphere interactions; mass-balance reconstruction; surface mass budget

Surface velocity and ice discharge of the ice cap on King George Island, Antarctica - Osmanoglu, B.; Navarro, F. J.; Braun, Matthias; Hock, Regine (Annals of Glaciology, 2013)

Surface velocity and mass balance of Livingston Island ice cap, Antarctica - Osmanoglu, B.; Navarro, F. J.; Hock, R.; Corcuera, M. I.; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2014)

Surge dynamics on Bering Glacier, Alaska, in 2008–2011 - Burgess, E. W.; Forster, Richard R.; Larsen, Chris F.; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2012)

Sustainable and Non Sustainable Use of Natural Resources by Indigenous and Local Communities - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, 2008)

Sustainable employment of migrants: Local informative brochures released - Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David; Kordel, Stefan (2022)
MATILDE team members from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg developed two informative brochures in German language about the sustainable employment of immigrants from third countries. Brochures include practical information for the practitioners.</stron

Sustainable Livelihood in Southern Mustang District - Haffner, Willibald; Benachib, Hafida; Brock, Christoph; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Merl, Kerstin; Morkel, Silke; Park, Martina; Pohle, Perdita; Titz, Alexandra; Werning, Knut (Translating Development. The case of Nepal., 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.sustai

Sustainable resource governance in Global Production Networks – challenges for human geography - Schmitt, Thomas; Schulz, Christian (Erdkunde, 2016)
Transnational debates, for instance on the finiteness of fossil resources and their harmful effects on the climate, are often regarded as interdisciplinary challenges in the social and natural sciences. By contrast, in the past two decades, notably in the 2000s, geography appears to have been forgetful of resources. In this paper it is argued that more attention needs to be paid to resource studies in human geography. It starts by comparing existing understandings and definitions of resources in respect of their usefulness as guiding concepts for research. This is followed by an overview of resource-related debates in various subdisciplines of geography. In (environmental) economic geography, the concept of global production networks has proved helpful for the discussion of problems connected with resources. An adaptation of this concept is presented here which can be used to analyse material and energy flows with the aid of social categories (e.g. such as power relations or governance) and to evaluate them in the light of normative categories (e.g. ecological sustainability or environmental justic
Keywords: Geography of resources; resources; sustainability; global production networks

Synergetic use of remote sensing and soilborne data for regional yield prediction of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) - Braun, Matthias; et al. (EARSeL eProceedings, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.synerg

Synthetic Glacier SAR Image Generation from Arbitrary Masks Using Pix2Pix Algorithm - Dietrich-Sussner, Rosanna; Davari, Amirabbas; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Christlein, Vincent; Maier, Andreas; Rieß, Christian (2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, 2021)
Supervised machine learning requires a large amount of labeled data to achieve proper test results. However, generating accurately labeled segmentation maps on remote sensing imagery, including images from synthetic aperture radar (SAR), is tedious and highly subjective. In this work, we propose to alleviate the issue of limited training data by generating synthetic SAR images with the pix2pix algorithm [1]. This algorithm uses conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) to generate an artificial image while preserving the structure of the input. In our case, the input is a segmentation mask, from which a corresponding synthetic SAR image is generated. We present different models, perform a comparative study and demonstrate that this approach synthesizes convincing glaciers in SAR images with promising qualitative and quantitative results.
Keywords: Training; Image segmentation; Training data; Machine learning; Generative adversarial networks; Radar polarimetry; Synthetic aperture radar; image-to-image translation; conditional GAN; limited training data; synthetic data

„Talking Trees“ als Botschafter des Klimawandels - Bräuning, Achim; Mölg, Thomas; Schubert, Jan Christoph (Geographische Rundschau, 2023)

Tapping the Potential of Earth Observation - Calving Front Detection in SAR Images using Deep Learning Techniques - Gourmelon, Nora; Seehaus, Thorsten; Davari, Amirabbas; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (EGU General Assembly 2021, 2021)
The calving fronts of lake or marine terminating glaciers provide information about the state of glaciers. A change in its position can affect the flow of the entire glacier system, and the loss of ice mass as icebergs calve-off and discharge into the ocean has a multi-scale impact on the global hydrological cycle. The calving fronts can be manually delineated in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. However, this is a time-consuming, tedious and expensive task. As deep learning approaches have achieved tremendous success in various disciplines, such as medical image processing and computer vision, the project Tapping the Potential of Earth Observation (TAPE) is amongst other things dedicated to applying deep learning techniques to calving front detection. So far, all our experiments have employed U-Net based architectures, as the U-Net is state-of-the-art in semantic image segmentation. A major challenge of front detection is the class imbalance: The front has significantly fewer pixels than the remaining parts of the SAR image. Hence, we developed variants of the U-Net specifically addressing this challenge including an Attention U-Net, a probabilistic Bayesian U-Net, as well as a U-Net with a distance map-based binary cross-entropy (BCE) loss function and a Mathews correlation coefficient (MCC) as early stopping criterion. In future work, we plan to investigate multi-task learning and a segmentation of the SAR image into different classes (i.e. ocean, glacier and rocks) to enhance the quality and efficiency of the front detection.<br

Tarımsal ve Dağlık Bölgelerde Mekânsal Özellikler ve Uluslararası Göçmenlerin Dağılımı: Bursa ve Karacebey Özelin‘de Türkiye - Kaya, Ayhan; Weidinger, Tobias; Yılmaz-Elmas, Fatma (2021)

Teak tree-ring cellulose δ13c, δ18o, and tree-ring width from northwestern thailand capture different aspects of asian monsoon variability - Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Payomrat, Paramate; Buajan, Supaporn; Bräuning, Achim; Muangsong, Chotika; Chareonwong, Uthai; Songtrirat, Piyarat; Palakit, Kritsadapan; Liu, Yu; Li, Qiang (Atmosphere, 2021)
The inter-annual variability in tree-ring cellulose δ13C (δ13CTR, δ18OTR), and tree-ring chronology in teak (TRW) (Tectona grandis L.f.) trees from Northwestern Thailand during 1901–2009 AD was performed. The δ13CTR and δ18OTR have a positive correlation, significant at r = 0.400, p < 0.0001, and both of the stable isotopes were not significantly related to the TRW. The TRW is related to rainfall in the first half of the rainy season and has a strong relationship with the relative humidity. The δ18OTR captured moisture well throughout the rainy season, and the δ13CTR had a strong correlation with rainfall in the second half of the rainy season and had a high correlation with cloud fraction and vapor pressure. The δ13CTR and δ18OTR were associated with the stomata conductance response, but had no effect on photosynthesis. The three indices of the teak annual ring respond well to the variability in the Asian monsoon, and give us a better understanding of both the hydrological cycle and the factors that contribute to the growing of tropical broadleaf trees under changing climates.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-07-09
Keywords: Asian monsoon variability; Teak; Tree-ring width; δ; δ

Technik. Bindlach 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Temperature changes on the Tibetan Plateau during the past 600 years inferred from ice cores and tree rings. - Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Jingjing, Liu; Davis, Mary E.; Yajun, Shao (Global and Planetary Change, 2009)
The climatological signal of δO variations preserved in ice cores recovered from Puruogangri ice field in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) was calibrated with regional meteorological data for the past 50 years. For the period AD 1860-2000, 5-yearly averaged ice core δO and a summer temperature reconstruction derived from pollen data from the same ice core were compared. The statistical results provide compelling evidence that Puruogangri ice core δO variations represent summer temperature changes for the central TP, and hence regional temperature history during the past 600 years was revealed. A comparison of Puruogangri ice core δOcyrillic with several other temperature reconstructions shows that broad-scale climate anomalies since the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the eastern and southern TP, and the Himalayas. Common cold periods were identified in the 15th century, 1625-1645 AD, 1660-1700 AD, 1725-1775 AD, 1795-1830 AD, 1850-1870 AD, 1890-1920 AD, 1940-1950 AD, and 1975-1985 AD. The period 1725-1775 AD was one of the most prolonged cool periods during the past 400 years and corresponded to maximum Little Ice Age glacier advance of monsoonal temperate glaciers of the TP.
Keywords: climate change; ice cores; Puruogangri ice cap; Tibetan Plateau; tree rings

Temperature signals in tree-ring oxygen isotope series from the northern slope of the Himalaya - Huang, Ru; Zhu, Haifeng; Liang, Eryuan; Grießinger, Jussi; Wernicke, Jakob; Yu, Wusheng; Hochreuther, Philipp; Risi, Camille; Zeng, Yijian; Fremme, Astrid; Sodemann, Harald; Bräuning, Achim (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019)
Keywords: westerlies; tree ring; South Asian Summer Monsoon; ice core; oxygen isotope; Himalaya

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia - Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Yafeng, Shi; Zhang, Jiawu (Chinese Science Bulletin, 2003)
The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores, tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of climatic change on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions indicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “Little Ice Age” between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Period” in 1150–1400, a less warm period in 800–1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries, occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which was warm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cooling in the western and southern TP. The southern TP experienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP, the δ18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the period 1250–1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scale trends in the temperature history from northeastern TP are more similar to those in eastern China than are the trends from the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature variations of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100–1150, 1500–1550, 1650–1700 and 1800–1850, and the latter three cold events match with three widespread glacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice Age.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.prelim
Keywords: Tibetan Plateau; climate change; the last two millennia

Temporal offset between precipitation and water uptake of Mediterranean pine trees varies with elevation and season - Juhlke, Tobias; van Geldern, Robert; Barth, Johannes; Bendix, J.; Bräuning, Achim; Garel, E.; Häusser, Martin; Huneau, F.; Knerr, I.; Santoni, S.; Szymczak, Sonja; Trachte, K. (Science of the Total Environment, 2021)
For climate models that use paleo-environment data to predict future climate change, tree-ring isotope variations are one important archive for the reconstruction of paleo-hydrological conditions. Due to the rather complicated pathway of water, starting from precipitation until its uptake by trees and the final incorporation of its components into tree-ring cellulose, a closer inspection of seasonal variations of tree water uptake is important. In this study, branch and needle samples of two pine species (Pinus pinaster and Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) and several water compartments (precipitation, creek, soil) were sampled over a two-year period and analyzed for the temporal variations of their oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ2H) at five sites over an elevation gradient from sea level to around 1600 m a.s.l. on the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). A new model was established to disentangle temporal relationships of source water uptake of trees. It uses a calculation method that incorporates the two processes mostly expected to affect source water composition: mixing of waters and evaporation. The model results showed that the temporal offset from precipitation to water uptake is not constant and varies with elevation and season. Overall, seasonal source water origin was shown to be dominated by precipitation from autumn and spring. While autumn precipitation was a more important water source for trees growing at mid- ( 800–1000 m a.s.l) and high-elevation ( 1600 m a.s.l.) sites, trees at coastal sites mostly took up water from late winter and spring. These findings show that predicted decreases in precipitation amounts during the wet season in the Mediterranean can have strong impacts on water availability for pine trees, especially at higher elevations.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-16
Keywords: Hydrogen isotopes; Mediterranean; Oxygen isotopes; Pine trees; Soil water; Water uptake

Tessloffs erstes Buch vom Mond. Nürnberg 2005 - Hübner, Thomas (2006)

Textbox “Came to stay? Refugees in rural Germany. Insights into implicit place marketing” - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Dipping to the north: living, working and traveling in sparsely populated areas, 2020)

Textbox: What is traditional healing? – WHO guidelines challenged in Botswana - Geiselhart, Klaus (World Disasters Report 2014. Focus on culture and risk, 2014)
Keywords: traditional medicine; Botswana

The 1820s Marks a Shift to Hotter-Drier Summers in Western Europe Since 1360 - Wang, Lu; Liu, Hongyan; Chen, Deliang; Zhang, Peng; Leavitt, Steven; Liu, Yu; Fang, Congxi; Sun, Changfeng; Cai, Qiufang; Gui, Zhengyang; Liang, Boyi; Shi, Liang; et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2022)
Recent soil moisture (SM) reconstructions revealed plunging trends and enhanced SM-temperature couplings over the last two decades in dry regions. However, how SM changed and whether the land-atmosphere interaction was intensified over time in humid regions remained unknown. Here we reported the first six-century-long regional summer SM reconstruction (1360-2000 CE) in western Europe (WE) using three individual tree-ring delta O-18 chronologies in England and France. A sharp wet-to-dry change occurred around 1820, earlier than 1850-1900 CE, the commonly used historical baseline of anthropogenic climate changes. Enhanced coupling of SM-temperature followed, with stronger summer sea level pressure anomalies in dry years after the 1820s. Our results reveal that the hotter-drier regime has also become more frequent in humid WE under global warming.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-08-26

The Affective Machines of Dialogue: Materializations of Identities/Differences in the Assemblages of an Exhibition About Everyday Muslim Life - Winkler, Jan (Interreligious Encounters in Europe - Sites, Materialities, Practices, 2023)
The chapter draws on the Deleuzian concepts of assemblage and machinism as well as on New Materialist conceptualizations of identity to explore how, in the context of intercultural and interreligious dialogue, religious differences and identities emerge in and through an affective interplay of bodies, practices, emotions and things. The chapter shows how culturalized and ‘religionized’ differences surface in affective assemblages of dialogue that are imbued with different kinds of ‘forces’ (E. Grosz): forces that strive for differentiation and give spaces for culturalist hierarchies, but also forces that induce a movement of bodies towards each other, dissolving differences. These perspectives will be explored through a case study in a German city that brings an analysis of a museum exhibition on local Muslim life. This exhibition was articulated as part of local interreligious dialogue and attempted to make everyday Muslim life tangible through various material techniques (photography, biographical representations, audio stations). The chapter reconstructs the exhibition as a dynamic assemblage, entangled in power relations, in and through which differences are articulated. It argues that an attunement to the (re-)materializations of identities and differences in affective assemblages can foster a better understanding of the ways identities and differences are operating.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-21

The Alpine settlement system: capturing relevance beyond size - Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias; Lambracht, Markus (Journal of Maps, 2023)
The Alpine settlement system is of key relevance for sustainable development in the mountain region. However, maps on the European scale indicate almost no cities in the Alps but only a few small towns. We argue that a differentiated mapping approach should involve medium and small settlements in mountain regions, as they have a high functional importance for the surrounding area. We present an analytical mapping of the Alpine settlement system based on demographic and accessibility arguments and reflect on two research questions: How to put Alpine towns on the map of spatial development without taking a metropolitan bias? To what extent does this approach help to overcome the ‘size problem’ of the Alpine settlement system? Our ‘new’ map covers the rural area and ‘sees’ small towns, shows the relevance of efficient spatial organisation along valley axes and illustrates the cross-border dimension of towns in spatial proximity to national borders.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-01-27
Keywords: Alpine towns; cross-border regional planning‌; rural studies‌; small places‌; sustainable spatial development; territories with geographical specificities

The Alpine Tree-Line under Changing Lang Use and Changing Climate - Approach and Preliminary Results from Continental Norway - Löffler, Jörg; Lundberg, Anders; Rössler, Ole; Bräuning, Achim; Jung, Gernot; Pape, Roland; Wundram, Dirk (Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 2004)
This study aims at improving the comprehension of the alpine treeline, partly as a means of projecting landscape evolution in an anticipated warmer future. The main problem to be solved is to distinguish effects and responses of climate change and human impact, two driving forces which have both caused an increase in the altitude of the alpine treeline over the past century. Thus, an interdisciplinary approach has been transposed to the Norwegian mountains, combining socio-geographical, landscape ecological and adjusted dendroecological methods. Preliminary results presented for the continental Norwegian mountain region Vågå, Oppland, prove the treeline to be in a regeneration stage after a period of major human forced depression. Climatic conditions at the treeline and growth rates of birches indicate that the treeline is not at its distribution limit. Consistent grazing pressure and dense vegetation cover is the most likely explanation.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.thealp
Keywords: Climate change; High mountains; Land use changes; Norway; Treeline analysis

The Atmospheric Circulation in the Tropics - Peters, Thorsten; Richter, Michael (Tropical Forestry Handbook, 2014)
Within this chapter the Hadley Circulation, the Monsoon System, Easterly Waves, Tropical Cyclones and the Walker Circulation are discussed. While the Hadley Circulation and the Monsoon System explain different air flow systems in a mainly meridional sense, a secondary system of latitudinal wind flow is governed by the Walker circulation which is decisive for the formation of La Niña and El Niño events. Apart from the long-term seasonal and nonseasonal variations of the tropical atmosphere, the climate of the Tropics is also affected by more frequent tropical weather disturbances. One of them are large-scale planetary waves which produce greater amounts of rainfall in many maritime tropical regions. These disturbance lines sprawl in a meridional direction from east to west and are called easterly waves.

The bus rapid transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam: A pilot study on critical infrastructure, sustainable urban development and livelihoods - Krüger, Fred; Titz, Alexandra; Arndt, Raphael; Gross, Franziska; Mehrbach, Franziska; Pajung, Vanessa; Suda, Lorenz; Wadenstorfer, Martina; Wimmer, Laura (Sustainability, 2021)
Inner-city transportation looms large in big cities in the so-called Global South due to rapid population and urban growth. To tackle this challenge, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was implemented in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) in 2016. This paper reports on the results of a pilot study on the impacts of the BRT on city development and livelihoods in Dar. Our pilot study, which is part of the collaborative research project LIPSINDAR (Linking Partners for a Sustainable and Inclusive Dar es Salaam), was not designed to provide a comprehensive insight into the problems of urban planning, infrastructure modification and their impact on urban livelihoods. Rather, using the example of Dar es Salaam, the study served as an entry point to highlight challenges and future research demands in the context of urban insecurities and risks in large cities of the Global South. In particular, our study investigated the BRT as an element of critical infrastructure in Dar es Salaam and probed into its impact on residents’ livelihoods, focusing on the influence of service disruptions on everyday routines, and on different stakeholders’ views on the functionality of the BRT. Elaborating on this topic, interviews, street vendor surveys and mappings were used as methods to describe the processes. To examine the results more closely, the outcome was divided into groups of different fields of activity, namely Traffic Management, Local Residents, City Administration, Basic Provision Services and Street Vendors. In summary, the pilot study confirms that the implementation of the BRT system has, in general, served to improve urban livelihoods. Reducing commuting times and enhancing access to basic services found positive results. There is, however, still potential for improvement: the bus network, in particular, needs to be expanded and the vulnerability to natural extreme events, especially flooding, needs to be addressed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-02-26
Keywords: Critical infrastructure; Criticality; Eastern Africa; Inclusiveness; Infrastructure; Livelihoods; Risk; Society; Sub-saharan Africa; Sustainability; Transportation; Urban resilience

The Changing Role of Student Housing as Social Infrastructure - Franz, Yvonne; Gruber, Elisabeth (Urban Planning, 2022)
The role of student housing within social infrastructure provision is arguably overlooked. This is a vital issue, as purpose-built student accommodation provides a significant stock of affordable accommodation for students in European university cities while also supporting their social integration in the urban environment. Although an increasing involvement of for-profit student home developers and providers has been diversifying the landscape of student housing across European uni-versity cities in the last decade, this change has been mainly associated with the internationalisation of students' mobility and the financialisation processes driven by private investors. Subsequently, this article expands these supply and demand side perspectives by localising student housing as social infrastructure. Using Vienna as a case study, the authors mapped purpose-built student accommodation locations and conducted qualitative interviews to analyse recent changes in the provision of student housing and to discuss its implications for the social dimension of purpose-built student accommo-dation. Accordingly, the respective analysis identifies different logics of student housing providers concerning expansion plans and housing quality, which, in turn, affect the function of student housing as social infrastructure. As a result, this article emphasises the need to critically reflect on the overlooked role of student housing as social infrastructure and the role of public actors as well as their policies in the financialisation of purpose-built student accommodation.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-01-27

The climatic mass balance of Svalbard glaciers: a 10-year simulation with a coupled atmosphere-glacier mass balance model - Aas, Kjetil; Dunse, Thorben; Collier, Sarah; Schuler, Thomas; Berntsen, Terje; Kohler, Jack; Luks, Bartłomiej (Cryosphere, 2016)
In this study we simulate the climatic mass balance of Svalbard glaciers with a coupled atmosphere-glacier model with 3 km grid spacing, from September 2003 to September 2013. We find a mean specific net mass balance of -257 mm w.e.aEuro-yr(-1), corresponding to a mean annual mass loss of about 8.7 Gt, with large interannual variability. Our results are compared with a comprehensive set of mass balance, meteorological, and satellite measurements. Model temperature biases of 0.19 and -1.9aEuro-A degrees C are found at two glacier automatic weather station sites. Simulated climatic mass balance is mostly within about 100 mm w.e.aEuro-yr(-1) of stake measurements, and simulated winter accumulation at the Austfonna ice cap shows mean absolute errors of 47 and 67 mm w.e.aEuro-yr(-1) when compared to radar-derived values for the selected years 2004 and 2006. Comparison of modeled surface height changes from 2003 to 2008, and satellite altimetry reveals good agreement in both mean values and regional differences. The largest deviations from observations are found for winter accumulation at Hansbreen (up to around 1000 mm w.e.aEuro-yr(-1)), a site where sub-grid topography and wind redistribution of snow are important factors. Comparison with simulations using 9 km grid spacing reveal considerable differences on regional and local scales. In addition, 3 km grid spacing allows for a much more detailed comparison with observations than what is possible with 9 km grid spacing. Further decreasing the grid spacing to 1 km appears to be less significant, although in general precipitation amounts increase with resolution. Altogether, the model compares well with observations and offers possibilities for studying glacier climatic mass balance on Svalbard both historically as well as based on climate projections.

The Concept of Isotopic Landscapes: Modern Ecogeochemistry versus Bioarchaeology - Grupe, Gisela; Hölzl, Stefan; Mayr, Christoph; Söllner, Frank (Across the Alps in Prehistory, 2017)

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A CATALYST FOR CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION? LESSONS LEARNT FOR BORDER-REGIONAL RESILIENCE - Hippe, Stefan; Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias (Europa XXI, 2022)
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a suspension of the Schengen Agreement within the European Union: national borders were partially controlled or closed. Especially in European border regions, where the idea of European integration is most evident, this led to limitations of cross-border linkages, putting the question of border-regional resilience into the focus of border studies. Based on the case study of German border regions, we operationalize the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic alongside the German border. Particularly interesting with regard to the concept of border-regional resilience are the results of a two-stage Delphi survey with border-regional experts. Even if the border closures as such were a political crisis, some of the long-term effects might be considered positive.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: border regions; border-regional resilience; COVID-19 pandemic; crises; cross-border cooperation; resilienc

The cultural sense of disasters: Practices and singularities in the context of HIV/AIDS - Geiselhart, Klaus; Schlatter, Fabian; Orlowski, Benedikt Marko; Krüger, Fred (Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction, 2015)
Defining a disaster is a cultural act: naming a disaster first starts with recognising societal conditions that are evaluated to be disastrous. Plainly, this can only be done in reference to values and norms. In a second stage, conditions tagged as disastrous become traced to either a hazardous event or to social circumstances and dealings that have reduced people’s resilience, rendered them vulnerable, or hampered their appropriate response to threats. It is thus intelligible that in different cultures, depending on particular perceptions and values, disasters can be substantially different things. Disaster definitions, for example, are created by organisations, institutions or individuals with regard to their own practical assignments. But, then, how can ‘a culture’ be identified, a situation be narrowed down to a ‘disaster’, and appropriate disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures be initiated?
Keywords: Risk; Disaster; Culture

The Decapolis region (Northern Jordan) as historical example of desertification? Evicence from soil development and distribution - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Quaternary international, 2006)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.thedec