GROWTH PATTERN OF PINUS ROXBURGHII UNDER DIFFERENT REGIMES OF INVASIVE SPECIES IN PANCHASE, NEPAL HIMALAYAS - Dyola, Nita; Bhuju, Dinesh Raj; Kharal, Deepak Kumar; Aryal, Sugam; Gaire, Narayan Prasad; Hitler, Louis (Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2020)
Invasive alien species have taken attention as one of the significant threats to biodiversity worldwide. The ongoing climate change is likely to exacerbate the problem by opening up favorable environments for invasion, putting the ecological, environmental and socio-economic state into stake. The assessment of potential impacts of invasive species on native species is crucial for prevention and mitigation measures. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the impact of invasive species (i.e., Ageratina adenophora Sprengel) on the growth of ecologically important native tree species (i.e., Pinus roxburghii Sargent) in Panchase, Nepal Himalaya Furthermore, it explored the dendroecological approach of Pinus roxburghii to assess the potential impacts of invasive species on its growth. The growth pattern was focused on regeneration, tree radial growth and inter-nodal growth rate of saplings and seedlings of Pinus roxburghii under two different classes of invasion i.e., low and high-density. The study revealed that the density and inter-nodal growth rate of seedlings of Pinus roxburghii declined significantly whereas no significant decline occurred in its saplings with the increase in invasion. However, the saplings showed significant increment in its inter-nodal growth rate with the increase in invasion. In the case of its tree, no such significant impact in the radial growth rate was observed. The novel study using dendroecological approach revealed that the invasive species have differential impacts on the growth of nearby native tree species with higher impacts during the seedling stage compared to the saplings and tree stage.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-02-28

Growth performance of planted population of Pinus roxburghii in central Nepal - Tiwari, Achyut; Thapa, Nita; Aryal, Sugam; Rana, Prabina; Adhikari, Shankar (Journal of Ecology and Environment, 2020)
Background: Climate change has altered the various ecosystem processes including forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. Although the high mountain natural forests including treelines in the Himalayan region are mainly reported to be temperature sensitive, the temperature-related water stress in an important growth-limiting factor for middle elevation mountains. And there are very few evidences on growth performance of planted forest in changing climate in the Himalayan region. A dendrochronological study was carried out to verify and record the impact of warming temperature tree growth by using the tree cores of Pinus roxburghii from Batase village of Dhulikhel in Central Nepal with sub-tropical climatic zone. For this total, 29 tree cores from 25 trees of P. roxburghii were measured and analyzed. Result: A 44-year long tree ring width chronology was constructed from the cores. The result showed that the radial growth of P. roxburghii was positively correlated with pre-monsoon (April) rainfall, although the correlation was not significant and negatively correlated with summer rainfall. The strongest negative correlation was found between radial growth and rainfall of June followed by the rainfall of January. Also, the radial growth showed significant positive correlation with that previous year August mean temperature and maximum temperature, and significant negative correlation between radial growth and maximum temperature (Tmax) of May and of spring season (March-May), indicating moisture as the key factor for radial growth. Despite the overall positive trend in the basal area increment (BAI), we have found the abrupt decline between 1995 and 2005 AD. Conclusion: The results indicated that chir pine planted population was moisture sensitive, and the negative impact of higher temperature during early growth season (March-May) was clearly seen on the radial growth. We emphasize that the forest would experience further moisture stress if the trend of warming temperatures continues. The unusual decreasing BAI trend might be associated with forest management processes including resin collection and other disturbances. Our results showed that the planted pine forest stand is sub-healthy due to major human intervention at times. Further exploration of growth climate response from different climatic zones and management regimes is important to improve our understanding on the growth performance of mid-hill pine forests in Nepal.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-18
Keywords: Basal area increment (BAI); Radial growth; Tree-rings

Growth ring measurements of Shorea robusta reveal responses to climatic variation - Baral, Sony; Gaire, Narayan Prasad; Aryal, Sugam; Pandey, Mohan; Rayamajhi, Santosh; Vacik, Harald (Forests, 2019)
Many tropical species are not yet explored by dendrochronologists. Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) is an ecologically important and economically valuable tree species which grows in the southern plains and mid-hills of Nepalese Central Himalayas. Detailed knowledge of growth response of this species provides key information for the forest management. This paper aims to assess the dendroclimatic potential of Shorea robusta and to understand climatic effects on its growth. A growth analysis was done by taking 60 stem disc samples that were cut 0.3 m above ground and represented different diameter classes (>10 cm to 50 cm). Samples were collected and analysed following standard dendrochronological procedures. The detailed wood anatomical analysis showed that the wood was diffuse-porous, with the distribution of vessels in the entire ring and growth rings mostly marked with gradual structural changes. The basal area increment (BAI) chronology suggested that the species shows a long-term positive growth trend, possibly favoured by the increasing temperature in the region. The growth-climate relationship indicated that a moist year, with high precipitation in spring (March-May, MAM) and summer (June-September, JJAS), as well as high temperature during winter (November-February) was beneficial for the growth of the species, especially in a young stand. A significant positive relationship was observed between the radial trees increment and the total rainfall in April and the average total rainfall from March to September. Similarly, a significant positive relationship between radial growth and an average temperature in winter (November-January) was noted.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-16
Keywords: Community forest; Disc; Nepal; Shorea robusta; Tree-ring; Tropical region

Growth-ring variations of dwarf shrubs reflect regional climate signals in alpine environments rather than topoclimatic differences - Bär, Annette; Pape, Roland; Löffler, Jörg; Bräuning, Achim (Journal of Biogeography, 2008)
Aim: Our main aim is to determine if ring-width variations in Empetrum hermaphroditum reflect regional or local topoclimate signals in an alpine environment. In the case that topoclimate provides the dominant signal, a secondary aim is to link these to spatial distribution patterns of different vegetation types. Location: The study area is situated in the middle alpine belt in the Vågåmo region, Central Norwegian Scandes. Sampling sites cover different topoclimates: ridges, north-facing slopes and south-facing slopes. Methods: We constructed ring-width chronologies of E. hermaphroditum for each type of microsite for the common period 1951-2004. Climate data were prepared on an hourly, daily and growing-season time scale. Climate-growth relationships were evaluated using bivariate correlations and regression tree methods for continuous time-series analyses. In addition, extreme growth anomalies (pointer years) were compared with the climate conditions in those years. The impact of water supply on wood anatomy was determined by correlating the conductive area (percentage of vessel per growth ring) with a running mean (sum) of 10-day intervals for temperature and precipitation. Results: This study indicates that mean summer (June-August) temperatures determine the width of the growth rings of E. hermaphroditum irrespective of topoclimate. The length of the growing season, which is the most differentiating climatic factor between microsites, does not substantially alter the anatomical ring structure. Microsite differences in mean growth rates are attributed to the higher frequency of warm days. Extremely warm days limit ring-width development at south-facing slopes, while plants at ridges and north-facing slopes still benefit from higher temperatures. As a consequence, pointer years are not developed synchronously at all microsites. Vessel formation is affected by available moisture, especially in the later part of the growing season. Main conclusions: Topoclimate induces slight modifications of annual growth-ring increments of E. hermaphroditum at different microsites. In contrast to the distribution patterns of vegetation types that are determined by snow cover, growth-ring variations are related to summer temperature conditions, and the prominent regional climate signal is still reflected at all microsites. This offers the opportunity to reconstruct climatic change in alpine regions from dwarf shrub ring-width chronologies.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.growth_5
Keywords: Alpine vegetation; Climate-growth relationships; Dendroclimatology; Dendroecology; Empetrum hermaphroditum; Norwegian Scandes; Ring width; Snow cover; Wood anatomy

Growth variability of two native pine species on Corsica as a function of elevation - Häusser, Martin; Szymczak, Sonja; Garel, Emilie; Santoni, Sebastien; Huneau, Frederic; Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologia, 2019)
Located in the western Mediterranean basin, the island of Corsica (France) is expected to be strongly affected by climate change. With its diverse topography and altitudinal gradients from sea level to 2700 m asl, it hosts two pine species, i.e. Pinus pinaster in lower areas and P. nigra ssp. laricio in higher regions up to the upper tree line. However, the growth performance of these two dominant forest tree species along different elevation belts is still unknown, so it is not clear how climate change will affect their distribution. The relationships between tree age, elevation, and growth performance were evaluated using growth trajectories derived from tree-ring analysis of pines in different age classes at 13 sites across the island, ranging from sea level to 1600 m asl. Results show that the growth performance of both species under the same environmental conditions is very similar. For both species, we found that growth rates change over time, whereby trees younger than 50 years grew faster than older trees. We also found that P. pinaster is becoming common at higher elevation sites, indicating a migration upslope.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-04

Gruber, Thomas (Hrsg.): Kleindenkmäler im Landkreis Roth : Flurkreuze, Grenzsteine, Bildstöcke, Sühnekreuze und vieles mehr ; Schätze unserer Fluren. Roth 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Grundlagen der anorganischen Chemie - Hübner, Thomas (Deutsch, 1987)
Keywords: Anorganische Chemie; Einführung

Gründungsberatung in der Wirtschaftsförderung. Ziele, Adressaten und Evaluationen am Beispiel des Landkreises Forchheim - Rösch, Andreas; Chilla, Tobias; Reisch, Melanie (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2016)
Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung; Gründungsberatung; Evaluation; Forchheim; Oberfranken

Guest editorial special topic “Wood Structure and Ecology” - Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2014)

Gürtler, Franziska (u.a.): 50 historische Wirtshäuser in Mittelfranken. Regensburg 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Haberkamm, Helmut: Kleine Sammlung fränkischer Dörfer. Cadolzburg 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Hagen, Thomas (Hrsg.): Wilde Isar : Naturschätze zwischen Hochgebirge, Stadt und Auenlandschaft / Projektleitung: Thomas Hagen. München 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Hahnemann, Katrin: Neil Armstrong : der erste Mensch auf dem Mond. München 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Haller, Andreas: Altmühltal : Fränkisches Seenland. Erlangen 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Handbuch Diskurs und Raum. Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Raumforschung. (3., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage). - Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika (Transcript, 2021)
Das Handbuch bietet einen ausführlichen Überblick über diskursanalytische Ansätze in der sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Raumforschung und ist damit unverzichtbarer Teil der Lehre in den Bachelor- und Master-Studiengängen der Geographie sowie der benachbarten sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Raumforschung. Es lässt sich ebenso als umfassendes Nachschlagewerk wie als Einführung in Diskurstheorien, in die Raumbegriffe der Diskursforschung, in Modi der diskursiven Konstitution von Gesellschaft-Raum-Verhältnissen sowie in methodisch-empirische Zugriffe der Diskursforschung verwenden. Die grundlegend aktualisierte dritte Neuauflage bietet nun auch eine ausführliche Diskussion des konzeptionellen Verhältnisses von Diskursen, Praktiken, Technik und Materialität und behandelt der Diskursforschung nahestehende Ansätze wie die Analyse sozio-technischer Assemblagen und visueller Konfigurationen.
Keywords: Diskursforschung; Kulturgeographie; Sozialgeographie; Raum

Handbuch Diskurs und Raum. Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Raumforschung - Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika (Transcript, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.derrau

Handbuch Kritisches Kartieren - Dammann, Finn; Michel, Boris (transcript, 2022)

Handlungsorientierte Integration von Film in die geographische Lehre. Überlegungen und ein Umsetzungsbeispiel - Baumann, Christoph (Hochschullehre in der Geographiedidaktik. Wie kann die Ausbildung zukünftiger Lehrerinnen und Lehrer optimiert werden?, 2013)

Hanna, Monika: Der fränkische Jakobsweg : wandern auf dem Pilgerweg von Kronach über Lichtenfels nach Nürnberg. Aktual. u. völlig überarb. Neuaufl. München 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Hans Meyer am Kilimandscharo - kolonialgeographische Expeditionen für das Kaiserreich - Michel, Boris (Geographische Rundschau, 2019)
Geographical expeditions during German colonialism produced knowledge about the new colonies and thus helped to subject them to colonial rule. The successful climbing of Mount Kilimanjaro by German colonial • geographer Hans Meyer exemplifies how 19th century geographers acted and saw themselves in the field. It illustrates how geographical ; research took place under colonialism, and ▪ how this practice was linked to racism and bourgeois white masculinity.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-09-03

Harmonische Entwicklung? Zur Vielfalt und Widersprüchlichkeit der Bemühungen um Kohäsion - Chilla, Tobias; Neufeld, Markus (Nachrichten der ARL, 2014)

Heimatreise : auf zu Deutschlands schönsten Zielen! 2., aktualisierte Aufl. Ostfildern 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Heisig, Hartmut: 400 Jahre Leihhaus Nürnberg : 1618 – 2018. Nürnberg 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Heisig, Hartmut: Erlangen : die Hugenottenstadt. Nürnberg 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Herausforderung Weltraum : die Entwicklung der bemannten Raumfahrt. Stuttgart 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1991)

Herbke, Stefan: Fränkische Schweiz : Wandern und Einkehren ; 50 Touren zwischen Bayreuth und Nürnberg. München 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Herleth-Krentz, Susanne: Das alte Nürnberg : Entdeckungstour zwischen Stadtmauer und Kaiserburg. München 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Hermann, Helmut: Mexiko kompakt. 3., komplett überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl. Bielefeld 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Herrmann, Christof: Wochenendtouren Franken : zwischen Altmühltal, Fichtelgebirge und Rhön : 25 ausgewählte Touren. München 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Heterotrophic microbial communities use ancient carbon following glacial retreat - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Biology Letters, 2007)
When glaciers retreat they expose barren substrates that become colonized by organisms, beginning the process of primary succession. Recent studies reveal that heterotrophic microbial communities occur in newly exposed glacial substrates before autotrophic succession begins. This raises questions about how heterotrophic microbial communities function in the absence of carbon inputs from autotrophs. We measured patterns of soil organic matter development and changes in microbial community composition and carbon use along a 150-year chronosequence of a retreating glacier in the Austrian Alps. We found that soil microbial communities of recently deglaciated terrain differed markedly from those of later successional stages, being of lower biomass and higher abundance of bacteria relative to fungi. Moreover, we found that these initial microbial communities used ancient and recalcitrant carbon as an energy source, along with modern carbon. Only after more than 50 years of organic matter accumulation did the soil microbial community change to one supported primarily by modern carbon, most likely from recent plant production. Our findings suggest the existence of an initial stage of heterotrophic microbial community development that precedes autotrophic community assembly and is sustained, in part, by ancient carbon. © 2007 The Royal Society.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.hetero
Keywords: Carbon; Chronosequence; Microbial communities; Organic matter

Hierarchical classification with subsequent aggregation of heathland habitats using an intra-annual RapidEye time-series - Fenske, Kristin; Feilhauer, Hannes; Foerster, Michael; Stellmes, Marion; Waske, Bjoern (International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2020)
Mapping heathland habitats is generally challenging due to fine-scale habitats as well as spectral ambiguities between different classes. A multi-seasonal time-series of multispectral RapidEye data from several phenological stages was analysed towards the classification of different vegetation communities.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-03-20

High-elevation shrub-ring δ18O on the northern slope of the central Himalayas records summer (May–July) temperatures - Huang, Ru; Zhu, Haifeng; Liang, Eryuan; Grießinger, Jussi; Dawadi, Binod; Bräuning, Achim (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2019)
Keywords: Central Himalayas; Shrub-ring oxygen isotope; Southern Tibetan Plateau; Climatic proxy; Paleoclimatology

High-resolution (1 km) Polar WRF output for 79° N Glacier and the northeast of Greenland from 2014 to 2018 - Turton, Jenny; Mölg, Thomas; Collier, Emily (Earth System Science Data, 2020)
The northeast region of Greenland is of growing interest due to changes taking place on the large marine-terminating glaciers which drain the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden, or 79 ∘ N Glacier, is one of these that is currently experiencing accelerated thinning, retreat, and enhanced surface melt. Understanding both the influence of atmospheric processes on the glacier and feedbacks from changing surface conditions is crucial for our understanding of present stability and future change. However, relatively few studies have focused on the atmospheric processes in this region, and even fewer have used high-resolution modeling as a tool to address these research questions. Here we present a high-spatial-resolution (1 km) and high-temporal-resolution (up to hourly) atmospheric modeling dataset, NEGIS_WRF, for the 79 ∘ N and northeast Greenland region from 2014 to 2018 and an evaluation of the model's success at representing daily near-surface meteorology when compared with automatic weather station records. The dataset (Turton et al., 2019b: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/53E6Z ) is now available for a wide variety of applications in the atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanic sciences in the study region.<br
Keywords: Greenland; meteorology; Polar Regions; WRF; atmospheric modelling

High-resolution assessment of the carrying capacity and utilization intensity in mountain rangelands with remote sensing and field data - Zandler, Harald; Vanselow, Kim; Poya Faryabi, Sorosh; Rajabi, Ali Madad; Ostrowski, Stephane (Heliyon, 2023)
Dry rangelands provide resources for half of the world's livestock, but degradation due to overgrazing is a major threat to system sustainability. Existing carrying capacity assessments are limited by low spatiotemporal resolution and high generalization, which hampers applied ecological management decisions. This paper provides an example for deriving the carrying capacity and utilization levels for cold drylands at a new level of detail by including major parts of the transhumance system. We combined field data on vegetation biomass and communities, forage quality, productivity, livestock species and quantities, grazing areas and their spatiotemporal variations with Sentinel-2 and MODIS snow cover satellite imagery to develop maps of forage requirements and availability. These products were used to calculate carrying capacity and grazing potential in the Pamir-Hindukush Mountains. Results showed high spatial variability of utilization rates between 5% and 77%. About 30% of the area showed unsustainable grazing above the carrying capacity. Utilization rates displayed strong spatial differences with unsustainable grazing in winter pastures and at lower elevations, and low rates at higher altitudes. The forage requirements of wild herbivores (ungulates and marmots) were estimated to be negligible compared to livestock, with one tenth of the biomass consumption and no increase in unsustainably grazed pastures due to the wider distribution of animals. The assessment was sensitive to model parameterization of forage requirements and demand, whereby conservative scenarios, i.e. lower fodder availability or higher fodder requirements of livestock due to climate and altitude effects, increased the area with unsustainable grazing practices to 50%. The presented approach enables an in-depth evaluation of the carrying capacity and corresponding management actions. It includes new variables relevant for transhumance systems, such as the combination of forage quantity and quality or accessibility restrictions due to snow, and shows utilization patterns at high spatial resolutions. Regional maps allow the identification of unsustainable utilization areas, such as winter pastures in this study.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-11-10
Keywords: Dryland remote sensing; Grasslands; Grazing potential; Rangeland conservation; Vegetation modeling; Vegetation monitoring

High-resolution climatic analysis of wood anatomical features in Corsican pine from Corsica (France) using latewood tracheid profiles - Hetzer, Timo; Bräuning, Achim; Leuschner, Hanns-Hubert (Trees-Structure and Function, 2014)
Abstract: We analyzed latewood anatomical features from Corsican pine (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) of high-elevation sites in Corsica (France) derived from digital images of the wood surface. Latewood of each ring during the period 1950–2008 was partitioned into ten equal parts P1–P10. Mean values of the cell parameters cell lumen area (CLA), radial cell width (RCW), radial cell wall thickness (CWT), and modeled latewood density (MLD) were calculated for P1–P10. The cellular profiles for each cell parameter were subjected to principal component analyses. It was possible to quantify macroscopically visible variations of wood anatomy like intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) by latewood profiles of different cell parameters. A combination of cell parameter characteristics including their relative radial position within latewood provides a quantification of the cell anatomical variations in an IADF. Individual cell parameter chronologies and principal components of cell parameter profiles were correlated with climate data to determine the climatic forcing on latewood formation. Average cell parameter profiles and deviations from the long-term means are able to describe “normal” and “anomalous” environmental conditions during latewood formation. Cell feature anomalies throughout the latewood during individual years allow the reconstruction of past weather conditions with a high temporal resolution.
Keywords: Dendroecology; France; Mediterranean climate; Pinus nigra; Wood anatomy; Wood cell parameters

High-resolution dendrometer measurements in a tropical mountain rainforest and a dry forest in South Ecuador - Volland, Franziska; Bräuning, Achim; Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 7: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2008 Scientific Technical Report STR 09/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.highre

High-resolution geochemical record of environmental changes during MIS 3 from the northern Alps (Nesseltalgraben, Germany) - Mayr, Christoph; Stojakowits, Philipp; Lempe, Bernhard; Blaauw, Maarten; Diersche, Volker; Grohganz, Madleen; Correa, Matthias López; Ohlendorf, Christian; Reimer, Paula; Zolitschka, Bernd (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019)
Ravine slopes at the recently discovered Nesseltalgraben site in southeastern Germany provide a unique last glacial sediment record for the Northern Calcareous Alps. The 21 m-long profile is dominated by fine-grained lacustrine-palustrine sediments overlain by several metres of glacifluvial gravels and lodgement tills of the Last Glacial Maximum and underlain by a diamicton. The age model includes 29 radiocarbon analyses and one paleomagnetic anomaly (Laschamp event) together providing a modelled age range from c. 59 to 29.6 ka cal BP, i.e. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Apart from a description of the lithofacies, X-ray-fluorescence (XRF) scanning and elemental analyses provide high-resolution records of the geochemical composition. Multivariate analyses of XRF data separate Ca from other major elements. Carbonate contents, represented by Ca and total inorganic carbon, reach maxima in repeatedly occurring calcareous silty to sandy layers and are related to glacigenic origin. These indicate repeated inner-alpine local glaciations during stadials of MIS 3. Scanning electron microscopy and XRF data confirm the detrital origin of these layers. In contrast, organic matter and elements more resistant to chemical weathering (Si, Ti, Zr) accumulated during interstadials and concurrently elevated Rb/Sr ratios indicate intensified weathering. The high-frequency proxy variations determined for Nesseltalgraben reflect interstadial-stadial climate variability comparable with oxygen-isotope records from Greenland ice cores and Alpine speleothems. Thus, Nesseltalgraben is among the very few independently dated sediment records from continental Europe covering the entire MIS 3 and reflecting the full Dansgaard-Oeschger climate variability.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-02
Keywords: Central Europe; Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles; Glaciation; Grain-size analyses; Greenland interstadials; Lacustrine-palustrine sediment; Middle Würmian; Paleoclimatology; Pleistocene; Radiocarbon dating

High-resolution interactive modelling of the mountain glacier-atmosphere interface: an application over the Karakoram - Collier, Sarah; Mölg, Thomas; Maussion, Fabien; Scherer, Dieter; Mayer, Christoph; Bush, Andrew (Cryosphere, 2013)
The traditional approach to simulations of alpine glacier mass balance (MB) has been one-way, or offline, thus precluding feedbacks from changing glacier surface conditions on the atmospheric forcing. In addition, alpine glaciers have been only simply, if at all, represented in atmospheric models to date. Here, we extend a recently presented, novel technique for simulating glacier-atmosphere interactions without the need for statistical downscaling, through the use of a coupled high-resolution mesoscale atmospheric and physically-based climatic mass balance (CMB) modelling system that includes glacier CMB feedbacks to the atmosphere. We compare the model results over the Karakoram region of the northwestern Himalaya with remote sensing data for the ablation season of 2004 as well as with in situ glaciological and meteorological measurements from the Baltoro glacier. We find that interactive coupling has a localized but appreciable impact on the near-surface meteorological forcing data and that incorporation of CMB processes improves the simulation of variables such as land surface temperature and snow albedo. Furthermore, including feedbacks from the glacier model has a non-negligible effect on simulated CMB, reducing modelled ablation, on average, by 0.1 m w.e. (-6.0%) to a total of -1.5 m w.e. between 25 June-31 August 2004. The interactively coupled model shows promise as a new, multi-scale tool for explicitly resolving atmospheric-CMB processes of mountain glaciers at the basin scale.

High-resolution modeling of atmospheric dynamics in the Nepalese Himalaya - Collier, Sarah; Immerzeel, Walter (Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 2015)

Himalayan fir reveals moist phase during Little Ice Age in the Kashmir region of the western Himalayas - CHINTHALA, BENCY DAVID; Ranhotra, Parminder Singh; Grießinger, Jussi; Singh, Chandra Prakash; Bräuning, Achim (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023)
The Kashmir region in the western Himalayas is located in a transition zone between areas dominated by the South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Currently being primarily influenced by westerly disturbances (WDs), the area is important to decipher teleconnections between these two important circulation systems for the assessment of past climate variability. We evaluated climate-growth relationships of Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) and reconstructed April to June (AMJ) self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) for the south Kashmir region during the period 1643–2016 CE. Our reconstructed scPDSI revealed a long wet phase during 1650–1816 CE, indicating the impact of the Little Ice Age (LIA) over the region, followed by prominent drier post-LIA episodes. The mid 18th century (1730–1760 CE) was the wettest period in the past four centuries, whereas the period 1817 to 1865 CE marked the driest phase. These phases are consistent with other precipitation reconstructions from the WD-dominated western and Trans-Himalayan regions, but inconsistant with summer precipitation reconstructions from the SASM-dominated Himalayan regions. A significant positive correlation between our scPDSI reconstruction and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for the wet phase of the LIA suggests that the NAO remained dominant in modulating the winter and spring precipitation at the study region. During the 19th and 20th centuries, scPDSI was either weakly or negatively correlated with the NAO index, indicating the influence of other atmospheric circulation systems in driving the spring/summer precipitation in the study area. This study, augmented with other moisture records, contributes to analyze the temporal and spatial extent of moisture variability in a regional perspective.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-06-23
Keywords: Abies pindrow; Climate indices; North Atlantic oscillation; Palmer drought severity index; Tree-ring width; Volcanic eruption; Westerly disturbances

Himmelstoß, Andrea: Fürth : Porträt einer Stadt. Meßkirch 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Historical eruptions of Lautaro Volcano and their impacts on lacustrine ecosystems in southern Argentina - Mayr, Christoph; Smith, Rebecca E.; García, M. Luján; Massaferro, Julieta; Lücke, Andreas; Dubois, Nathalie; Maidana, Nora I.; Meier, Wolfgang; Wissel, Holger; Zolitschka, Bernd (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2019)
Lacustrine sediment sequences were obtained from Lagunas Verde and Gemelas Este, two small lakes located east of the southern Patagonian Ice Field and close to the village of El Chaltén, in Argentinian Patagonia. Four tephra layers were identified in each of the short sediment sequences and characterised using individual glass-shard tephra chemistry to determine provenance. Bulk sediment geochemistry and diatom assemblages were analysed to understand the impact of the tephra deposits on the lake ecosystems. Age-depth models for the cores were established by 137Cs and 210Pb dating. Tephra deposits in Laguna Gemelas Este were dated to AD 1986–1998, 1943–1968, 1927–1955, and 1849–1892, and the tephra deposits in Laguna Verde were dated to AD 1940–1970, 1888–1934, 1871–1920, and 1536–1669, the latter interval determined by extrapolation. All tephras had similar geochemical composition and originated from volcanoes in the northern Austral Volcanic Zone. Tephra units were attributed to known historical eruptions and all but one, most likely, were from Lautaro Volcano (49°01′S; 73°33′W). The age of the youngest tephra (AD 1986–1998) from Laguna Gemelas Este points to Viedma Volcano (49°22′S; 73°19′W) as a possible source. Volcanic eruptions had a larger impact on Laguna Verde than on Laguna Gemelas Este, as expressed by changes in δ15N values and diatom communities during tephra deposition. These shifts are explained by perturbations of the nitrogen cycle in the lake, associated with shifts in lacustrine primary production. Primary producers may have been affected by increased water turbidity caused by the ash fall, and consequently, used less nitrogen. Diatom assemblages in Laguna Verde showed marked reductions in numbers of planktonic/tychoplanktonic taxa, in favour of epiphytic/benthic diatom taxa, when tephra was deposited. This contrasts with Laguna Gemelas Este, in which epiphytic/benthic diatom species were generally more abundant and decreases in abundances of planktonic/tychoplanktonic taxa were not as strongly linked to tephra layers as in Laguna Verde. At Laguna Gemelas Este, flatter relief, greater fetch and/or drier climate may have contributed to generally less ecosystem variability, resulting in seemingly less environmental response to volcanic eruptions than in Laguna Verde.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-02
Keywords: Diatoms; Geochemistry; Northern Austral Volcanic Zone; Patagonia; Stable isotopes; Tephra

Historische und rezente Bodenerosion in Los Nevados - Venezuela - Adler, Stephan (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 1997)
UnivIS-Import:2016-07-26:Pub.1997.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.histor

HIV and AIDS - A global challenge to medical epistemes and society - Geiselhart, Klaus; Stoll, Matthias (Hygiene + Medizin, 2013)
A novel form of an acquired T cellular immunodeficiency had been described in the early 1980s. Later on a retrovirus (HIV - human immunodeficiency virus) was found as the causative agent in the progressive immunodeficiency and it became evident that HIV can be transmitted mucosally and parenterally. HIV is closely related to a group of lentivirusses (SIV) which are prevalent in certain primates. Phylogenetic studies support that multiple transfers from SIV to mankind occured in the first decades of the 20th century in Africa. Meanwhile HIV became pandemic but HIV prevalence varies considerably worldwide between different areas. Since the 1990s combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) became available and was able to control viral replication, to reconstitute the cellular immunodeficiency, and to reduce both HIV-associated morbidity and -mortality. Recently it has been shown, that broad use of cART reduces the transmission of HIV substantially. However, long term success of cART depends from early diagnosis of HIV-infection as well as from safety, tolerability, and convenience of cART. However individual adherence to cART is crucial but requires comprehension of natural sciences, which may be hindered by the specific cultural background in some of the high preva-Vilence areas. The high prevalence country of Botswana can serve as an example indicating the difficulties to ensure adherence and prevention on a long-term basis. Traditional Medicine, societal institutions and the governmental HIV-intervention strategy could provide good preconditions for personal and social coping. HIV and AIDS remains a multidimensional challenge.
Keywords: Adherence; Africa; AIDS; ART; Episteme; HAART; HIV; Stigma

Hochschuldidaktische Aufsätze 6.2015: Film in der Hochschullehre – Wie audiovisuelle Medien in Lehrveranstaltungen eingesetzt werden können - Jahn, Dirk; Baumann, Christoph (2015)
Keywords: Medien in Lehrveranstaltungen; Film; audiovisuelle Medien

Höhlen in Franken. Bd. 2: Ein Wanderführer in die Unterwelt der Hersbrucker Schweiz und des Oberpfälzer Jura. Nürnberg 2002 - Hübner, Thomas (2003)

Holocene dust dynamics archives in archaeological ruins in arid and semi-arid environments in the Southern Levant - Lucke, Bernhard; Bäumler, Rupert (Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2021)
Ruins of archaeological structures, mainly dating to the Bronze Age till Byzantine period, were investigated in a case study in the Petra region in southern Jordan and in the northern Negev desert in Israel. They are covered by post-abandonment debris sediments which provided the parent material of initial soils now developed on the ruins. Such debris sediments have so far rarely been studied although they likely contain a significant aeolian dust fraction because structures and wall remains may act as effective dust traps. We analyzed different types of archaeological structures: cult sites on hilltops, runoff-irrigated terraces on slopes, and cisterns including associated cleanout mounds. As well, we collected current aeolian sediments in nearby dry marble dust traps. It was expected that the various ruins and location types would matter for sediment properties, but substrate composition in all investigated structures was similar. This suggests that most of the fine fractions of the debris material were primarily supplied by wind whereas fluvial processes only re-distributed aeolian sediments. A major aeolian contribution from local weathered rocks could be observed in the Petra region, but not in the Negev, which seems connected with the geology. In situ pedogenesis in both investigation regions is negligible. The ruins seem to act as current dust collectors, but their sediments cannot directly be compared with the material collected in nearby dry marble dust traps. Analogies to different types of collectors for aeolian sediments can be made: depending on design, dust traps gather aeolian material differently. Standard dry marble dust collectors are characterized by similar size of settling dust samples as compared to average aeolian deposition in the ruins, but are of dissimilar substrate composition with regard to particle size distribution and contents of major and trace elements. Sediments in the archaeological structures in southern Jordan show finer textures and higher contents of most major and trace elements which may indicate preferential fixation of silt and clay against sand in the ruins, whereas sediments in dry marble dust collectors in Jordan are relatively depleted in silt and clay. This could be due to crusts and clast covers because the studied archaeological hilltop structures were found covered by surface crusts and pavements of stones and pottery sherds. These may mirror the effect of desert pavements. In addition, current dust samples suggest that precipitation during aeolian sedimentation, in particular in case of snow, is connected with enhanced deposition of (possibly clay-coated) silt. Sediments in the archaeological structures include material from remote and local sources as well as from "recycled" paleosols. Average hilltop dust accretion rates were calculated as similar to 0.14 mm/year, which is in good agreement with results from dry marble dust collectors. They exceed rates calculated for Pleistocene hilltop loess in the Negev. This seems due to enhanced dust fixation in the archaeological ruins as compared to natural Negev loess soils, underlining a so far rarely considered but important role of sediment fixation mechanisms.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-10

Holocene history of human impacts inferred from annually laminated sediments in Lake Szurpity, northeast Poland - Kinder, Malgorzata; Tylmann, Wojciech; Bubak, Iwona; Filoc, Magdalena; Gasiorowski, Michal; Kupryjanowicz, Miroslawa; Mayr, Christoph; Sauer, Laurentius; Völlering, Ulrich; Zolitschka, Bernd (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2019)
Annually laminated lake sediments provide high-resolution and accurate timescales for reliable paleoenvironmental reconstructions. We investigated human activity in a low-human-impact region of Poland, taking advantage of varved sediments from Lake Szurpily, which span the last 8200 years. Multiple sediment variables indicated that catchment evolution and lacustrine responses, mainly to changes in forest cover, were divided into four phases. Because of sparse or only seasonal occupation of settlements in NE Poland, human impact in the region was insignificant until ca. 939 +/- 55 BC (lacustrine phase I). During Phase II (939 +/- 55 BC-AD 1392 +/- 38), we recorded an increase in human indicators, reflecting the direct influence of a Yatvingian community. Afterwards, between AD 1392 +/- 38 and 1770 +/- 30 (phase III), permanent settlements and agricultural land use stabilized. The beginning of the last period (phase IV) was clearly identified by all sediment variables, which responded simultaneously to local human activities. Disappearance of laminae from AD 1858 +/- 22 until about AD 1997 indicated disturbance of pre-existing, stable depositional conditions, followed by environmental recovery in the last 20 years. Such recovery may have been related to recent socio-economic changes and establishment of a park that reduced human influence on the lake.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-23

Holocene palaeoceanographic history of the western South Atlantic - García Chapori, Natalia; Laprida, Cecilia; Lo Prete, Daniel; Chiessi, Cristiano M.; Mayr, Christoph; Violante, Roberto A. (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2022)
Although the circulation of the western South Atlantic tightly controls the meridional heat and salt transport, our knowledge about its long-term past changes is still fragmented and sparse. While many studies focused their attention on the last glacial and deglaciation periods, Holocene studies mostly lack of an integrated analysis from the subtropical and midlatitude regions. The analysis of selected regionally distributed palaeoceanographic records along the western South Atlantic between 27° and 39°S reveals that, although weaker in amplitude than the dramatic shifts of the last glacial cycle, the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region showed substantial changes throughout the Holocene. The shift in the location of both southern and northern source waters in the Atlantic implied a strengthening of the Southern Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since the Mid-Holocene. This, together with the progressive southward displacement of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence confirms the progressive weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation towards the preindustrial times.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-07-08
Keywords: Holocene; Paleoceanography; Paleoclimate; Western South Atlantic

Household economics and 'Sozietät'. Collaborative strategies and economic organisation levels of rural households in Botswana - Geiselhart, Klaus (Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 2010)
This article explains that a commonly supported livelihood strategy is not self-evident in rural households of Botswana. On the basis of a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods the term 'Sozietät' is developed. The term describes the level of economic Organisation and whether there is a collaborative strategy within a household. Individuais participate to different degrees and sometimes even distance themselves from the household they live in. It is assumed that resources flow alongside of responsibility lines which are more or less imperative through cultural norms. In the wake of social change such norms might not be met any more. In this respect especially the role of agricultural production was found to change in the rural villages assessed.
Keywords: Botswana; Household strategies; Livelihoods; Resilience; Subsistence agriculture

How accurate are estimates of glacier ice thickness? Results from ITMIX, the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment - Farinotti, Daniel; Brinkerhoff, Douglas; Clarke, Garry; Fürst, Johannes; Frey, Holger; Gantayat, Prateek; Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien; Girard, Claire; Huss, Matthias; Leclercq, Paul; Linsbauer, Andreas; Machguth, Horst; et al. (Cryosphere, 2017)
Knowledge of the ice thickness distribution of glaciers and ice caps is an important prerequisite for many glaciological and hydrological investigations. A wealth of approaches has recently been presented for inferring ice thickness from characteristics of the surface. With the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment (ITMIX) we performed the first coordinated assessment quantifying individual model performance. A set of 17 different models showed that individual ice thickness estimates can differ considerably – locally by a spread comparable to the observed thickness. Averaging the results of multiple models, however, significantly improved the results: on average over the 21 considered test cases, comparison against direct ice thickness measurements revealed deviations on the order of 10 ± 24 % of the mean ice thickness (1σ estimate). Models relying on multiple data sets – such as surface ice velocity fields, surface mass balance, or rates of ice thickness change – showed high sensitivity to input data quality. Together with the requirement of being able to handle large regions in an automated fashion, the capacity of better accounting for uncertainties in the input data will be a key for an improved next generation of ice thickness estimation approaches.

How Do Mediterranean Pine Trees Respond to Drought and Precipitation Events along an Elevation Gradient? - Szymczak, Sonja; Häusser, Martin; Garel, Emilie; Santoni, Sebastien; Huneau, Frederic; Knerr, Isabel; Trachte, Katja; Bendix, Joerg; Bräuning, Achim (Forests, 2020)
Drought is a major factor limiting tree growth and plant vitality. In the Mediterranean region, the length and intensity of drought stress strongly varies with altitude and site conditions. We used electronic dendrometers to analyze the response of two native pine species to drought and precipitation events. The five study sites were located along an elevation gradient on the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France). Positive stem increment in the raw dendrometer measurements was separated into radial stem growth and stem swelling/shrinkage in order to determine which part of the trees' response to climate signals can be attributed to growth. Precipitation events of at least 5 mm and dry periods of at least seven consecutive days without precipitation were determined over a period of two years. Seasonal dynamics of stem circumference changes were highly variable among the five study sites. At higher elevations, seasonal tree growth showed patterns characteristic for cold environments, while low-elevation sites showed bimodal growth patterns characteristic of drought prone areas. The response to precipitation events was uniform and occurred within the first six hours after the beginning of a precipitation event. The majority of stem circumference increases were caused by radial growth, not by stem swelling due to water uptake. Growth-induced stem circumference increase occurred at three of the five sites even during dry periods, which could be attributed to stored water reserves within the trees or the soils. Trees at sites with soils of low water-holding capacity were most vulnerable to dry periods.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-08-14

How do tropical tree species respond to nitrogen fertilisation? Tree growth along elevational and nutritional gradients in Southern Ecuador. - Spannl, Susanne; Pfautsch, Wolfgang; Bräuning, Achim (Islands in land- and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation, 2012)
The tropical mountain forests of southern Ecuador are strongly threatened by environmental effects. In the near future increasing drought-events and higher nitrogen depositions in the air are expected (IPCC 2007) thereby affecting tree-physiognomic processes in a major way. As part of a scientific nutrient manipulation experiment (NUMEX) tree growth of seven different tropical tree species (Podocarpus oleifolius, Graffenrieda emarginata, Persea feruginea, Alchornea grandiflora, Prunus sp., Weinmannia elliptica, Weinmannia ovata, Graffenrieda harlingii and Prumnopitys montana) were examined in a tropical mountain forest in southern Ecuador (Reserva Biológica San Francisco) along elevational (2000m and 3000m) and nutritional (nitrogen-manipulated plot and non-manipulated plot) gradients. Since July 2010 stem-diameter variations of these tree species have been measured in 30 minutes intervals by 16 high resolution dendrometers detecting the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on stem diameter variations. Preliminary results reveal that beside Graffenrieda emarginata, all individuals growing on N-manipulated plots show more stem diameter growth compared to the individuals at the non-manipulated reference plots. These stem diameter variations were linked to climatic factors. During periods of several successive days without rainfall stem diameters decrease and vary synchronously even between the different tree species of different plant functional types. These first results are extremely useful for the intra-annual analyses of stable isotopes which will be discussed in this study as well.

How landscape became ecosystem: The nature of the quantitative revolution in German geography - Paulus, Katharina; Michel, Boris (Recalibrating the Quantitative Revolution in Geography, 2022)
The history of the quantitative revolution in geography has received increased attention in recent years by a wide range of authors from a broad spectrum of geographical contexts. After a short introduction to the dominant narrative about the history of the quantitative revolution in German geography, this chapter follows three concepts of nature – landscape, landscape ecology, and ecosystem – and their relation to the understanding of geography as a holistic discipline. The dominant narrative about the quantitative and theoretical revolution in (West) German geography focuses on two events that took in the late 1960s when the quantitative revolution in some countries already started to be challenged by a new generation of radical geographers. The Anglophone debates of the 1950s and 1960s were hardly received at the time and only had a limited impact on German geography.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-11-04

How to Get the Most Out of U-Net for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation - Periyasamy, Maniraman; Davari, Amirabbas; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2022)
The melting of ice sheets and glaciers is one of the main contributors to global sea-level rise. Hence, continuous monitoring of glacier changes and in particular the mapping of positional changes of their calving front is of significant importance. This delineation process, in general, has been carried out manually, which is time-consuming and not feasible for the abundance of available data within the past decade. Automatic delineation of the glacier fronts in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images can be performed using deep learning-based U-Net models. This article aims to study and survey the components of a U-Net model and optimize the model to get the most out of U-Net for glacier (calving front) segmentation. We trained the U-Net to segment the SAR images of Sjogren-Inlet and Dinsmoore-Bombardier-Edgworth glacier systems on the Antarctica Peninsula region taken by ERS-1/2, Envisat, RadarSAT-1, ALOS, TerraSARX, and TanDEM-X missions. The U-Net model was optimized in six aspects. The first two aspects, namely data pre-processing and data augmentation, enhanced the representation of information in the image. The remaining four aspects optimized the feature extraction of U-Net by finding the best-suited loss function, bottleneck, normalization technique, and dropouts for the glacier segmentation task. The optimized U-Net model achieves a dice coefficient score of 0.9378 with a 20% improvement over the baseline U-Net model, which achieved a score of 0.7377. This segmentation result is further post-processed to delineate the calving front. The optimized U-Net model shows 23% improvement in the glacier front delineation compared to the baseline model.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: Antarctica; Deep learning; Glacier calving front segmentation; Ice; Image segmentation; Optimized U-Net; Radar polarimetry; Semantic Segmentation; Synthetic aperture radar; Training

Human Ecological Dimensions in Sustainable Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Mountain Forests under Global Change - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; López Sandoval, María (Biodiversity Hotspot Tropical Mountain Rainforest, 2016)

Human ecological dimensions in sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical mountain rain forests under global change in southern Ecuador - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Park, Martina; López Sandoval, María (Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change: Ecological and Socio-economic Valuations, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDH.humane

Humboldts Erben. Teil: 1: Expeditionen zu den Grenzen. Bergisch Gladbach 2000 - Hübner, Thomas (2001)

Humifizierungsstatus und Stabilität der organischen Substanz im Deponiekörper - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Statusbericht Bayerischer Forschungsverbund Abfallforschung und Reststoffverwertung BayFORREST, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.humifi

Hundert Meisterwerke : die schönsten Geotope Bayerns. Augsburg 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Hydro-climatic variability in southern Ecuador reflected by tree-ring oxygen isotopes - Volland, Franziska; Pucha Cofrep, Darwin; Bräuning, Achim (Erdkunde, 2016)
Variations of stable oxygen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose are a widely used proxy to reconstruct hydro-climate variability in tropical and subtropical regions. We present the first δO chronology from annual tree rings in tropical Cedrela montana trees growing in the mountain rain forest of the Podocarpus National Park (PNP) in southern Ecuador. The more than a century long data record (1885-2011) comes from up to 15 individual trees (1980-2005) and represents the best- replicated isotope tree-ring chronology from the tropics. In comparison with tree-ring width, stable isotope variations show considerably higher correlations between individuals and thus represent a more reliable climate proxy in this very humid environment. High teleconnections to other stable isotope chronologies from the Amazon lowland indicate a high degree of consistency of regional hydro-climate variations. The PNP δO record is correlated with seasonal precipitation (January to April, CRU TS 3.21), frequency of wet days, and cloud cover over the Andean Cordillera Real. Spatial correlations indicate that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has strong impact on tree-ring δO variations. Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) of the Niño 3.4 region and Niño 4 region, and the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) show strong positive correlations with Cedrela oxygen isotope ratios, whereas the ENSO precipitation index correlates negatively. The Niño 3.4 and 4 SST influence is stronger after 1960 than before, indicating a shift in the influence of the Pacific Ocean on moisture variations in the Ecuadorian Andes. In the same period, the positive correlation with oxygen isotope signals from Andean glacier ice cores (r=0.2; p<0.05, 1894-1993) increased strongly (r=0.51; p<0.01, 1960-1993). In conclusion, stable oxygen isotope series from tropical tree species can help reconstruct variations in the hydroclimate of the Andean mountains and their surrounding areas.
Keywords: Cedrela montana; Climate variability; Ecuador; Oxygen isotopes; Tropical mountain rain forest

Hydroclimatic variability of the Tibetan Plateau during the past millennium - Wernicke, Jakob; Hochreuther, Philipp; Grießinger, Jussi; Zhu, Haifeng; Wang, Lili; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 13: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2014 Scientific Technical Report 15/06, GFZ Potsdam, 2015)

Hydrological development and phenology of lakes of the fildes peninsula – Antarctica Desenvolvimento hidrológico e fenologia de lagos da península fildes – Antártica - Petsch, Carina; Costa, Rafaela Mattos; da ROSA, Kátia Kellem; Vieira, Rosemary; Braun, Matthias; Simões, Jefferson Cardia (Geociencias, 2020)
This paper evaluates the freezing and thawing dynamics of the Fildes Peninsula lakes using TerraSAR-X (TSX) images from February to April 2011, and the correlation of the open water surface area with temperature, precipitation and wind. The open water surface area was obtained from the TSX images classification using the MAXVER classifier for 12 images from 2011. The correlation of atmospheric air temperature with the area, determined by the Pearson and Spearman correlation method, demonstrates a significant correlation pattern in 7 of the 15 lakes, while precipitation is an important variable for the formation of open water in 11 of the 15 lakes. All lakes facing the Drake Passage show significant correlation with wind direction. It is possible that the wind acts causing waves on the liquid surface, which in turn cause the surface ice to break. As for wind direction, this variable may be linked to changes in the duration of the ablation period for the Fildes peninsula. In general, the TSX images allowed an unprecedented temporal detailing for the study area, making it possible to map the lakes from February to April 2011.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-19
Keywords: Antarctica; Glacial lakes; Glaciology

Ice-dynamic projections of the Greenland ice sheet in response to atmospheric and oceanic warming - Fürst, Johannes; Goelzer, Heiko; Huybrechts, Philippe (Cryosphere, 2015)
Continuing global warming will have a strong impact on the Greenland ice sheet in the coming centuries. During the last decade (2000-2010), both increased melt-water runoff and enhanced ice discharge from calving glaciers have contributed 0.6 +/- 0.1 mm yr(-1) to global sea-level rise, with a relative contribution of 60 and 40% respectively. Here we use a higher-order ice flow model, spun up to present day, to simulate future ice volume changes driven by both atmospheric and oceanic temperature changes. For these projections, the flow model accounts for runoff-induced basal lubrication and ocean warming-induced discharge increase at the marine margins. For a suite of 10 atmosphere and ocean general circulation models and four representative concentration pathway scenarios, the projected sea-level rise between 2000 and 2100 lies in the range of + 1.4 to + 16.6 cm. For two low emission scenarios, the projections are conducted up to 2300. Ice loss rates are found to abate for the most favourable scenario where the warming peaks in this century, allowing the ice sheet to maintain a geometry close to the present-day state. For the other moderate scenario, loss rates remain at a constant level over 300 years. In any scenario, volume loss is predominantly caused by increased surface melting as the contribution from enhanced ice discharge decreases over time and is self-limited by thinning and retreat of the marine margin, reducing the ice-ocean contact area. As confirmed by other studies, we find that the effect of enhanced basal lubrication on the volume evolution is negligible on centennial timescales. Our projections show that the observed rates of volume change over the last decades cannot simply be extrapolated over the 21st century on account of a different balance of processes causing ice loss over time. Our results also indicate that the largest source of uncertainty arises from the surface mass balance and the underlying climate change projections, not from ice dynamics.

Identification and quantification of the sea spray effect on isotopic systems in α-cellulose (δ13C, δ18O), total sulfur (δ34S), and 87Sr/86Sr of European beach grass (Ammophila arenaria, L.) in a greenhouse experiment - Göhring, Andrea; Hölzl, Stefan; Mayr, Christoph; Strauss, Harald (Science of the Total Environment, 2023)
The sea spray effect can severely influence the isotopic signature of terrestrial individuals in coastal regions. To further specify this effect, beach grass was grown in a greenhouse under controlled environmental conditions and sprayed with mineral salt solution containing different mineral salts but only traces of NaCl (group 1). Another group of plants was sprayed with salty water from the Schlei inlet and the Baltic Sea, respectively (group 2). Control plants were only sprayed with tap water. Isotope analyses were conducted on the unwashed and washed plants (δ13Ccellulose, δ18Ocellulose, δ34Stotal S, 87Sr/86Sr), soil (δ18Osulfate, δ34Ssulfate, 87Sr/86Sr), and spray as well as irrigation water (δ18Osulfate, δ34Ssulfate, 87Sr/86Sr). Moreover, elemental analyses were performed on the water samples. The sea spray effect was visible in all isotopic systems under study. The uptake of SO42−, HCO3−, and Sr2+ directly affected plants of group 1, while plants of group 2, sprayed with salty water, additionally showed salinity stress in the case of α-cellulose and total sulfur due to biochemical reactions of the plants. Very high concentrations in HCO3− or SO42− also affected the plants' isotopic signatures. The impact of the sea spray and additional stress reactions were quantified. Our study is the first experiment creating an artificial sea spray effect in a greenhouse. This experiment for the first time enables the identification and quantification of the sea spray effect in environmental samples. The marine signature taken up by the plants and recorded by the investigated isotopic systems is apparently high and should have an impact on the isotopic fingerprints of animal consumers at the coast, as evidenced for archaeological animals from the Viking Haithabu and the early medieval Schleswig sites located close to the Baltic Sea. This result demonstrates the potential of greenhouse experiments as an isotopic predictor of the past local sea spray effect.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-10-14
Keywords: Aerosol; Biochemistry; Cellulose; Coast; Leaf; Marine; Plant metabolism; Root; Seawater; Strontium; Sulfate

Identitäten und Räume als politisch: Die Perspektive der Diskurs- und Hegemonietheorie - Glasze, Georg (Europa Regional, 2013)

ie weit ist der Himmel? : ein Sternforscher erzählt. Ravensburg 1984 - Hübner, Thomas (1985)

Im Luxus eingemauert - Glasze, Georg (2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.imluxu

Immobilienmärkte im ländlichen Raum. Einführende Bemerkungen zum 20. Heiligenstadter Gespräch - Chilla, Tobias (Dokumentation der Fachtagungen in Heiligenstadt und Ansbach, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.immobi

Impact of climate and climate change on the distribution of vascular plants in Southern Ecuador - Peters, Thorsten (Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie, 2014)

Impact of climate change on the cryosphere of the polar regions Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Kryosphäre in den Polargebieten - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Geographische Rundschau, 2011)

Impact of climatic extremes on Alpine ecosystems during MIS 3 - Stojakowits, Philipp; Mayr, Christoph; Lücke, Andreas; Wissel, Holger; Hedenäs, Lars; Lempe, Bernhard; Friedmann, Arne; Diersche, Volker (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2020)
The effects of climatic extremes on Alpine ecosystems, such as in the last glacial period, are poorly understood. The recently discovered Nesseltalgraben site is currently the best dated and most complete high-resolution sedimentary sequence in the northern Alps covering the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 around 59-28 calibrated kiloyears before present (ka cal BP). The MIS 3 is a period with frequent climatic fluctuations known as Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles or Greenland interstadials-stadials. Here, we present pollen assemblages, bryophyte macrofossils, and stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C, δ18O) from the Nesseltalgraben to elucidate palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimatic variability during that period. In addition to bulk sedimentary cellulose, also cellulose extracted from fossil wood, monocots, and bryophytes was analysed isotopically. Among the terrestrial pollen, Poaceae and arboreal pollen show an antithetic behaviour reflecting interstadial-stadial variations. Arboreal pollen are dominated by Pinus sylvestris-type, with admixtures of Picea, Betula, Alnus, and Salix. The arboreal pollen record exhibits several maxima indicating milder climatic conditions tentatively assigned to Greenland interstadials 17–14, 12/11, 8, and 6. During Heinrich events 5 and 4, the arboreal pollen record shows distinct minima underlining a severe impact of these events on regional climate and vegetation. Bryophyte assemblages show predominant wetland conditions at the site during the entire MIS 3. The sudden occurrence of the bryophyte Drepanocladus turgescens after 31.6 ka cal BP indicates a change from a fen to a frequently drying wetland environment. This habitat change is presumably linked to enhanced glaciofluvial action caused by glaciers approaching the site. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen stable isotope records of bulk sedimentary cellulose exhibit comparably stable conditions from 59 until 52 ka cal BP and increased values around 51 ka cal BP followed by a period of almost absent cellulose until 39 ka cal BP. Thereafter, and lasting until 30 ka cal BP, bulk sedimentary cellulose isotope records (δ2H, δ13C, and δ18O) reveal strongly fluctuating values. These isotope variations are interpreted as variable mixtures between terrestrial lignified plants and monocots on the one, and wetland bryophyte sources on the other hand. A strong negative isotope excursion in the bulk sedimentary and the bryophyte cellulose records around 36.4 ka cal BP is contemporaneous with maximum Cyperaceae pollen and best explained by progressively waterlogged soils due to permafrost. The rise in the bryophyte δ18O record thereafter, accompanied by likewise increasing δ13C values, most likely indicates an enhanced evaporation of source waters.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-02
Keywords: Bryophytes; Cellulose; Dansgaard-Oeschger events; Greenland interstadials; Heinrich events; Nesseltalgraben; Northern Alps; Pollen; Stable isotopes; Vegetation dynamics

Impact of debris cover on glacier ablation and atmosphere-glacier feedbacks in the Karakoram - Collier, Sarah; Maussion, Fabien; Nicholson, L. I.; Mölg, Thomas; Immerzeel, W. W.; Bush, A. B. G. (Cryosphere, 2015)
The Karakoram range of the Hindu-Kush Himalaya is characterized by both extensive glaciation and a widespread prevalence of surficial debris cover on the glaciers. Surface debris exerts a strong control on glacier surface-energy and mass fluxes and, by modifying surface boundary conditions, has the potential to alter atmosphere glacier feedbacks. To date, the influence of debris on Karakoram glaciers has only been directly assessed by a small number of glaciological measurements over short periods. Here, we include supraglacial debris in a high-resolution, interactively coupled atmosphere glacier modeling system. To investigate glaciological and meteorological changes that arise due to the presence of debris, we perform two simulations using the coupled model from 1 May to 1 October 2004: one that treats all glacier surfaces as debris-free and one that introduces a simplified specification for the debris thickness. The basin-averaged impact of debris is a reduction in ablation of similar to 14 %, although the difference exceeds 5 mw.e. on the lowest-altitude glacier tongues. The relatively modest reduction in basin-mean mass loss results in part from non-negligible sub-debris melt rates under thicker covers and from compensating increases in melt under thinner debris, and may help to explain the lack of distinct differences in recent elevation changes between clean and debris-covered ice. The presence of debris also strongly alters the surface boundary condition and thus heat exchanges with the atmosphere; near-surface meteorological fields at lower elevations and their vertical gradients; and the atmospheric boundary layer development. These findings are relevant for glacio-hydrological studies on debris-covered glaciers and contribute towards an improved understanding of glacier behavior in the Karakoram.

Impact of extreme drought on tree-ring width and vessel anatomical features of Chukrasia tabularis - Islam, Mahmuda; Rahman, Mizanur; Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologia, 2019)
Multiple sources of evidence suggest an increasing frequency of extreme climatic events during the past century. In Bangladesh, a country strongly influenced by the South Asian monsoon climate, the years 1999 and 2006 were the most severe droughts among the ten drought events identified over the last four decades. We investigated the impact of these two drought events on radial growth and xylem anatomical features of the brevi-deciduous tree species Chukrasia tabularis in a moist tropical forest in Bangladesh. Tree radial growth declined by 54% during the 1999 and 48.7% during the 2006 droughts, respectively. Among the wood anatomical features, the number of vessels (NV) showed the highest sensitivity to drought, with a 45% decrease in the 1999 drought year, followed by total vessel area (TVA) and mean vessel area (MVA). On the other hand, Vessel density (VD) increased by 13% during the 1999 drought but the increase in VD was very low in the drought year 2006. The decreasing vessel area and increasing vessel density indicate xylem hydraulic adaptation of C. tabularis to minimize drought induced cavitation risk and to avoid hydraulic failure. The significant correlations between the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and time series of tree-ring width and vessel variables imply that decline in radial growth and changes in vessel features in C. tabularis are likely to be caused by drought induced water stress. Our analyses suggest that radial growth and wood anatomical features of C. tabularis are highly sensitive to extreme drought events in South Asian moist tropical forests and can be used to reconstruct past droughts and to model tree response to drought stress under future climate conditions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-02-21

Impact of extreme weather events on aboveground net primary productivity and sheep production in the magellan region, southernmost chilean patagonia - Soto-Rogel, Pamela; Aravena, Juan Carlos; Meier, Wolfgang; Gross, Pamela; Pérez, Claudio; González-Reyes, Álvaro; Grießinger, Jussi (Geosciences, 2020)
Spatio-temporal patterns of climatic variability have effects on the environmental conditions of a given land territory and consequently determine the evolution of its productive activities. One of the most direct ways to evaluate this relationship is to measure the condition of the vegetation cover and land-use information. In southernmost South America there is a limited number of long-term studies on these matters, an incomplete network of weather stations and almost no database on ecosystems productivity. In the present work, we characterized the climate variability of the Magellan Region, southernmost Chilean Patagonia, for the last 34 years, studying key variables associated with one of its main economic sectors, sheep production, and evaluating the effect of extreme weather events on ecosystem productivity and sheep production. Our results show a marked multi-decadal character of the climatic variables, with a trend to more arid conditions for the last 8 years, together with an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. Significant percentages of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) variance is explained by high precipitation, mesic temperatures, and low evapotranspiration. These conditions are, however, spatially distributed in the transition zone between deciduous forests and steppe and do not represent a general pattern for the entire region. Strong precipitation and wind velocity negatively affect lamb survival, while temperature and ANPP are positively correlated. The impact of extreme weather events on ANP and sheep production (SP) was in most of the cases significantly negative, with the exception of maximum temperature that correlated with an increase of ANPP, and droughts that showed a non-significant negative trend in ANPP. The examination of these relationships is urgent under the current scenario of climate change with the acceleration of the environmental trends here detected.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-08-28
Keywords: Aboveground net primary productivity; Climate variability; Extreme weather events; Magellan region; Patagonia; Sheep production

Impact of forest interventions on the water regime and water quality of mountain ecosystems in the Bavarian Alps - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Écologie, 1998)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1998.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.impact

Impact of human activities and climate on Lake Morenito, Northern Patagonia, Argentina - Mauad, Melina; Mayr, Christoph; Grassl, Teresa; Dubois, Nathalie; Serra, Maria Noel; Massaferro, Julieta (Hydrobiologia, 2019)
Lake Morenito located in the Argentinean Patagonia has been exposed to climatic, volcanic, and anthropogenic impacts for the last decades. In particular, the damming of the lake and the eruption of the Calbuco/Puyehue Volcanoes in AD 1960 played an important role in the lake’s history. A 80-cm-long sediment core from Lake Morenito spanning more than 100 years was studied for chironomids, stable isotopes, and organic geochemistry to investigate how natural and anthropogenic stressors impacted the lake. Chironomid assemblages display large changes around AD 1950, with the appearance of the warm-adapted Chironomus and the replacement of Apsectrotanypus by Ablabesmyia, indicating a shift to warmer conditions. By that time and up to the present, an increasing trend of δ15N coupled with a decrease of δ13C points to shifts in the carbon and nitrogen cycles associated with human activities. It is evident that the onset of human activities during the 1950s following by the lake damming in AD 1960 had significant effects on the chironomid assemblages and the geochemical composition of sediments which is reflected in the progressive deterioration of the lake ecosystem.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-13
Keywords: Chironomid assemblages; Human impact; Organic geochemistry; Paleolimnology; Patagonia

Impacts of Local Land-Use Change on Climate and Hydrology - Windhorst, David; Silva, Brenner; Peters, Thorsten; Meyer, Hanna; Thies, Boris; Bendix, Jörg; Frede, Hans Georg; Breuer, Lutz (Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Ecological Studies, 2013)
Land-use change has a potentially large impact on local water resources and climatic conditions in montane rainforest ecosystems of the Andes. Based on local meteorological observations and site-specific simulation studies involving a coupled hydrological model and a soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer scheme, we are able to predict likely changes of water and energy fluxes for different land-use categories. To anticipate the effect of future land-use change on the water and energy budgets of the study area, we use results of statistically derived land-use scenarios and a coupled plot scale model representing the dominant land-use types for further upscaling. After assessing the impact of land-use change on ecosystem services we conclude that climate regulation will be decreasing due to a likely increase in drought vulnerability and that the discharge will remain stable or even slightly increase, thereby positively effecting provisioning and regulating hydrological services.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.impact

Impacts of precipitation variability on the dynamics of a dry tropical montane forest - Hiltner, Ulrike; Bräuning, Achim; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Huth, Andreas; Fischer, Rico (Ecological Modelling, 2016)
Ecosystem structures of tropical mountain forests are under threat due to changes in climate and land-use. The dry tropical montane forest of Munessa-Shashemene in south-east Ethiopia is a prominent example of degradation and deforestation in the sub-humid tropics. In recent years an increasing number of precipitation events has been observed, mainly during the short rainy season. Moreover, the recent IPCC Report envisages an increase in total annual precipitation, accompanied by more frequent extreme weather events (drought, torrential rains) for the Horn of Africa until the end of the 21st century.To evaluate possible consequences for local forest ecosystems, we applied the process-based, individual-oriented forest simulation model Formix3 to identify the influence of precipitation variability on the forest growth dynamics. We parameterised the model using field observation data including, for the first time, a tree-ring chronology of Croton macrostachyus. By using different levels of annual precipitation and intra-annual precipitation patterns, we analysed explicit simulation scenarios focussing on both overall and species-specific aboveground biomass dynamics and tree species composition.We found that the model reproduces aboveground biomass productivity precisely under current precipitation conditions. Variations in precipitation cause ecological shifts in the conditions for tree growth. Biomass and species richness both increase with mean annual precipitation, with the effects stabilising over time. Our results emphasise the impact of the duration and frequency of periods of water limitation on forest structure and growth.Our model has a variety of potential applications including investigation of the impacts of precipitation variability on forest structure and tree species diversity. It is thus a useful tool for extrapolating local growth measurements and succession, and analysing the impact of different management strategies on dry tropical montane forests.
Keywords: Climate change simulation; Dry tropical montane forest; Ethiopia; Forest growth model; Formix3; Tree-ring measurement

Implementing urban canopy height derived from a TanDEM-X-DEM: An expert survey and case study - Schreyer, Johannes; Walker, Blake; Lakes, Tobia (Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2022)
Three-dimensional urban vegetation data provide crucial ecological information, but generally feature poor coverage and availability. The spaceborne radar interferometer TanDEM-X delivers a digital elevation model that can be processed to produce urban Canopy Height Models (CHMs), including vegetation height and area per 12-metre cell. To date, these CHMs are underutilised in urban research. This study therefore explores the potential of urban TanDEM-X CHM by combining an expert survey on potential directions for CHM in urban research and a case study conducting and integrating a CHM for climatological research in the city of Yazd, Iran. We complement these empirical analyses with a detailed literature section of the current state of application of TanDEM-X-CHM. The expert survey highlights key research directions and interests for urban CHM implementation. The case study provides an example of implementation based on findings from the expert survey, revealing effects of vegetation height and volume on land surface temperature. Our results underscore the unique characteristics of a TanDEM-X-based CHM, asserting their potential for producing three-dimensional vegetation information crucial for effective research and policy efforts in urban ecology.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15

Importance of the forest state in estimating biomass losses from tropical forests: combining dynamic forest models and remote sensing - Hiltner, Ulrike; Huth, Andreas; Fischer, Rico (Biogeosciences, 2022)
Disturbances, such as extreme weather events, fires, floods, and biotic agents, can have strong impacts on the dynamics and structures of tropical forests. In the future, the intensity of disturbances will likely further increase, which may have more serious consequences for tropical forests than those we have already observed. Thus, quantifying above-ground biomass loss of forest stands due to stem mortality (hereafter biomass loss rate) is important for the estimation of the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle. So far, the long-term impacts of altered stem mortality on rates of biomass loss have not been adequately described.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-04-15

Important characteristics of multispectral data for an assessment of floristic variation - Feilhauer, Hannes; Thonfeld, Frank; Faude, Ulrike; He, Kate; Rocchini, Duccio; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (2012 32nd IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2012, 2012)
Remote sensing offers a large potential for land-cover mapping and monitoring. For many application in nature conservation, however, information beyond the generalization level of regular land-cover maps is desirable. © 2012 IEEE.
Keywords: biodiversity; ecosystems; remote sensing

Impressions of RSA Conference 2013 - Sielker, Franziska (Regions Magazine, 2013)

Imprints of climate signals in a 204 year δ18O tree-ring record of nothofagus pumilio from Perito Moreno Glacier, Southern Patagonia (50◦S) - Grießinger, Jussi; Langhamer, Lukas; Schneider, Christoph; Saß, Björn; Steger, David; Skvarca, Pedro; Braun, Matthias; Meier, Wolfgang; Srur, Ana M.; Hochreuther, Philipp (Frontiers in Earth Science, 2018)
A 204 year-long record of delta O-18 in tree-ring cellulose of southern beech (Nothofagus pumilio) from a site near Perito Moreno Glacier (50:S) in Southern Patagonia was established to assess its potential for a climate reconstruction. The annually resolved oxygen isotope chronology is built out of seven individual tree-ring delta O-18 series with a significant mean inter-series correlation (r = 0.61) and is the first of its kind located in Southern America south of 50 degrees S. Over a common period from 1960 to 2013 of available stationary and high-resolution gridded CRU TS v. 4.01 data, the delta O-18 chronology exhibits a strong sensitivity toward hydroclimatic as well as temperature parameters as revealed by correlation analyses. Among these, positive correlations with maximum temperature in the first part of the summer season (CRU r(ONDJ) = 0.51, p < 0.01) and negative correlations with precipitation in the latter half of the vegetation period (CRU r(ONDJ) = -0.54, p < 0.01) show the highest sensitivities. A strong supra-regional influence of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is clearly recorded in this chronology as indicated by significant positive correlations during the vegetation period (r(ONDJ) = 0.62, p < 0.01). This indicates that the presented delta O-18-chronology shows great promise to reconstruct the influence and variability of the SAM within the last two centuries in southern South America. The modulation of positive and negative anomalies within this series can be interlinked to changes in moisture source origin as revealed by backward trajectory modeling. Additionally, these anomalies can be directly associated to positive or negative phases of the Antarctic Oscillation Index (AAOI) and therefore the strength of the Westerlies. Aligned by the analysis on the influence of different main weather types on the delta O-18 chronology it is shown that such time-series hold the potential to additionally capture their respective influence and change during the last centuries.
Keywords: Backward trajectory modeling; Perito Moreno Glacier; Southern Annular Mode (SAM); Main weather types; Nothofagus pumilio; Southern Patagonia; Tree-ring δ18O

Improved convergence and stability properties in a three-dimensional higher-order ice sheet model - Fürst, Johannes; Rybak, Oleg; Goelzer, Heiko; De Smedt, Bert; de Groen, Pieter; Huybrechts, Philippe (Geoscientific Model Development, 2011)
We present a finite difference implementation of a three-dimensional higher-order ice sheet model. In comparison to a conventional centred difference discretisation it enhances both numerical stability and convergence. In order to achieve these benefits the discretisation of the governing force balance equation makes extensive use of information on staggered grid points. Using the same iterative solver, a centred difference discretisation that operates exclusively on the regular grid serves as a reference. The reprise of the ISMIP-HOM experiments indicates that both discretisations are capable of reproducing the higher-order model inter-comparison results. This setup allows a direct comparison of the two numerical implementations also with respect to their convergence behaviour. First and foremost, the new finite difference scheme facilitates convergence by a factor of up to 7 and 2.6 in average. In addition to this decrease in computational costs, the accuracy for the resultant velocity field can be chosen higher in the novel finite difference implementation. Changing the discretisation also prevents build-up of local field irregularites that occasionally cause divergence of the solution for the reference discretisation.The improved behaviour makes the new discretisation more reliable for extensive application to real ice geometries. Higher accuracy and robust numerics are crucial in time dependent applications since numerical oscillations in the velocity field of subsequent time steps are attenuated and divergence of the solution is prevented.

Im Rausch der Technik : sensationelle Erfindungen im Spiegel der Journale des 19. Jahrhunderts. Dachau 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

In 90 Minuten um die Erde. Würzburg 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1998)

Increased Ice Thinning over Svalbard measured by ICESat/ICESat-2 Laser Altimetry - Sochor, Lukas; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias (Remote Sensing, 2021)
A decade-long pronounced increase in temperatures in the Arctic, especially in the Barents Sea region, resulted in a global warming hotspot over Svalbard. Associated changes in the cryosphere are the consequence and lead to a demand for monitoring of the glacier changes. This study uses spaceborne laser altimetry data from the ICESat and ICESat-2 missions to obtain ice elevation and mass change rates between 2003–2008 and 2019. Elevation changes are derived at orbit crossover locations throughout the study area, and regional volume and mass changes are estimated using a hypsometric approach. A Svalbard-wide annual elevation change rate of −0.30 ± 0.15 m yr−1 was found, which corresponds to a mass loss rate of −12.40 ± 4.28 Gt yr−1. Compared to the ICESat period (2003–2009), thinning has increased over most regions, including the highest negative rates along the west coast and areas bordering the Barents Sea. The overall negative regime is expected to be linked to Arctic warming in the last decades and associated changes in glacier climatic mass balance. Further, observed increased thinning rates and pronounced changes at the eastern side of Svalbard since the ICESat period are found to correlate with atmospheric and oceanic warming in the respective regions.<br
Keywords: ICESat; ICESat-2; laser; altimetry; svalbard; barents sea; geodesy; glacier; ice cap; elevation change; mass change

Increasing extreme events in the central Himalaya revealed from a tree-ring based multi-century streamflow reconstruction of Karnali River Basin - Prasad Gaire, Narayan; Zaw, Zaw; Bräuning, Achim; Sharma, Bimal; Raj Dhakal, Yub; Timilsena, Rupraj; Shah, Santosh K.; Raj Bhuju, Dinesh; Fan, Ze Xin (Journal of Hydrology, 2022)
The Karnali River is one of the major transboundary rivers of the Nepalese central Himalaya and a major tributary of the Ganges River. In order to investigate regional historical hydroclimate variability, we compiled eleven tree ring-width chronologies based on 354 exactly dated tree cores from five coniferous species for the Karnali River catchment. The chronologies were moisture-sensitive and the composite chronology was significantly correlated with spring-to-early summer (March–July) (R = 0.67, P < 0.001) discharge at the Chisapani gauging station. The robust calibration (R2 = 0.45, 1962–2010) enabled us to reconstruct March–July streamflow variability of Karnali River Basin (KRB) over the past four centuries. The streamflow reconstruction showed prolonged pluvial periods during 1650–1661, 1711–1718, 1723–1731, 1824–1831, 1877–1889, 1924–1931, and 1971–1981, while prolonged low-flow periods occurred during 1639–1649, 1689–1710, 1753–1769, 1777–1784, 1803–1823, 1867–1876, 1942–1959, and 1963–1970. Our reconstructed March–July streamflow series correlated positively with the seasonally averaged drought index and precipitation in the central-west Himalayan region and vicinities. The streamflow reconstruction revealed an increasing frequency of extreme low-flow and pluvial events in the central-west Himalayan region, especially during the past century. We found short (2.1–3.3, 6.2–6.3, and 8.5–8.7 years) to medium (12.2–12.5 years) periodicities in the reconstructed streamflow series, implying teleconnections with broad-scale climate modes like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Our Karnali River streamflow reconstruction represents an update of regional hydroclimate variability, which may serve as a useful reference for water resource management and appropriate water-use policies in the context of current and future climate change.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-29
Keywords: Central Himalaya; Climate change; Hydroclimate; Precipitation; Streamflow; Tree rings

Increasing extreme melt in northeast Greenland linked to foehn winds and atmospheric rivers - Mattingly, Kyle S.; Turton, Jenny; Wille, Jonathan D.; Noël, Brice; Fettweis, Xavier; Rennermalm, Åsa K.; Mote, Thomas L. (Nature Communications, 2023)
The Greenland Ice Sheet has been losing mass at an increased rate in recent decades. In northeast Greenland, increasing surface melt has accompanied speed-ups in the outlet glaciers of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, which contain over one meter of sea level rise potential. Here we show that the most intense northeast Greenland melt events are driven by atmospheric rivers (ARs) affecting northwest Greenland that induce foehn winds in the northeast. Near low-elevation outlet glaciers, 80-100% of extreme (> 99th percentile) melt occurs during foehn conditions and 50-75% during ARs. These events have become more frequent during the twenty-first century, with 5-10% of total northeast Greenland melt in several recent summers occurring during the 1% of times with strong AR and foehn conditions. We conclude that the combined AR-foehn influence on northeast Greenland extreme melt will likely continue to grow as regional atmospheric moisture content increases with climate warming.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-07

Increasing summer monsoon intensity on the Tibetan plateau - evidence from tree rings. - Bräuning, Achim (Third International Conference Environmental Change in Central Asia. Geographica - Oecologica. Vol. 3., 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.increa

Indigenous concepts of land use and biodiversity conservation in southern Ecuador - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (Publications of the presentations on the III. Congress on the Conservation of Biodiversity of the Andes and the Amazon Region, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDH.indige_6

Influence of climatic factors on tree growth in riparian forests in the humid and dry savannas of the Volta basin, Ghana - Boakye, Emmanuel Amoah; Gebrekirstos, Aster; N’da Hyppolite, Dibi; Barnes, Victor Rex; Kouamé, François N.; Kone, Daouda; Porembski, Stefan; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2016)
Riparian trees in savannas have a potential for dendro-climatic studies, but have been neglected hitherto. We examined ring-width series of Afzelia africana (evergreen) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (deciduous) to study the influence of climatic factors on the growth of riparian trees in the humid (HS) and dry (DS) savanna zones of the Volta basin in Ghana. A total of 31 stem discs belonging to A. africana and A. leiocarpus were selected from HS and DS to establish species-specific local chronologies of tree growth. Each individual of A. africana and A. leiocarpus from the two savanna sites showed distinct growth rings. Cross-dating of individual tree-ring patterns was successful using standard dendrochronological techniques. The mean annual growth rates of A. africana in the HS (1.38 ± 0.09) and DS (1.34 ± 0.08) were not statistically different. Furthermore, mean annual growth rate of A. leiocarpus in the DS (3.75 ± 0.27) was higher than in the HS (2.83 ± 0.16) suggesting that species in drier environment can have higher growth rates when sufficient soil moisture is available. The growth rates of both species at the same sites were different, which might indicate different water use strategies. High correlations of individual tree-ring series of A. africana and A. leiocarpus trees at HS and DS suggest a strong climatic forcing controlled by the seasonal movement of the inter-tropical convergence zone. The annual growth of A. africana and A. leiocarpus at both the HS and DS was significantly correlated with local temperature and precipitation. The negative correlations of the growth of the two tree species to global sea surface temperatures were however, indications that the growth of riparian forests can be impacted during El Niño-Southern Oscillation years. The result of our study shows that riparian trees in the humid and dry savanna zones of West Africa can be successfully used for dendrochronological studies.
Keywords: Riparian forests; Humid savanna; Dry savanna; Dendrochronology; Tree growth; West Africa

Influence of the Indian Ocean Dipole on tree-ring δ18O of monsoonal Southeast Tibet - Hochreuther, Philipp; Wernicke, Jakob; Grießinger, Jussi; Mölg, Thomas; Zhu, Haifeng; Wang, Lily; Bräuning, Achim (Climatic Change, 2016)
We present a newly developed, annually resolved tree-ring cellulose δO chronology for the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) from Sikkim larch (Larix griffithii), spanning between 1684 and 2012. Comparisons with local and regional climate data reveal strong positive correlations with monthly sunshine hours, temperature and daily temperature amplitude as well as strong negative correlations with relative humidity, vapor pressure, rain days per month and cloud cover of August. Relationships with local and regional tree-ring δO chronologies are stable and highly significant. Over the 20th century, we find no long-term climatic trends. This is consistent with other tree-ring δO chronologies of other tree species south of the Himalayas, but contrasts with results from isotope studies north of the Himalayas. This suggests stable macroclimatic flow patterns throughout the last centuries for the southern tree stands. In terms of large-scale climate dynamics, we find evidence of a significant 30-year wave influencing our tree-ring oxygen chronology, most probably induced by the Indian Ocean Dipole and influencing tree-ring oxygen isotope chronologies along the southeastern Himalaya and the southeastern rim of the TP. This pattern is spatially and temporarily consistent among the chronologies and has apparently strengthened during the last century. During periods of strong positive dipole mode activity, the dipole mode index shows positive correlations with the δO of tree-rings on the southeastern TP.

Informationssysteme, geographische - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Infrastrukturentwicklung und das Recht auf Stadt: Das Beispiel Daressalaam - Munishi, Emmanuel; Louis, Norman; Drescher, Axel; Krüger, Fred (Geographische Rundschau, 2019)
Im Kontext der urbanen Transformation im subsaharischen Afrika finden Möglichkeiten der Ordnung und Steuerung von Stadtentwicklung zwar zunehmende Beachtung. Fragen zur aktiven Mitgestaltung von Stadt durch ihre Bewohnerschaft bleiben aber meist noch unberücksichtigt. Das Projekt AfriCity am Institut für Geographie der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg untersucht die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Umweltveränderungen, Ressourcennutzung und Recht-auf-Stadt-Prozessen in afrikanischen Städten südlich der Sahara. In der tansanischen Küstenmetropole Daressalaam ist eine Gerechtigkeitsperspektive für aktuelle Prozesse des städtischen Umbruchs relevant, da die jüngsten Transformationsprojekte dort weitreichende Auswirkungen z. B. auf städtische Straßenverkäufer hatten.<br
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-10
Keywords: Ostafrika; Tansania; Umsiedlung

Insect infestations have an impact on the quality of climate reconstructions using Larix ring-width chronologies from the Tibetan plateau - Aryal, Sugam; Grießinger, Jussi; Arsalani, Mohsen; Meier, Wolfgang; Fu, Pei Li; Fan, Ze Xin; Bräuning, Achim (Ecological Indicators, 2023)
Insect outbreaks are proven to harm trees, reducing their biomass accumulation due to the defoliation of leaves during the growing season. Various defoliators are responsible for the formation of extremely narrow tree rings in different tree species. In climate reconstructions based on tree-ring width, such narrow rings are often considered as noise, because their formation is not entirely caused by climatic conditions. Thus, the impact of defoliators should be removed (nullified) for unbiased climate reconstructions. This study mainly describes a statistical approach to disentangle the effects of Larch budmoth(LBM) (Zeiraphera diniana) and climate for an unbiased temperature reconstruction in the Bai-Ma mountain area in Southwest China using Larix potaninii. After applying our new approach, growth-climate relationships improved significantly (p < 0.05), especially with minimum temperature during the growing season (June-September). The resulting temperature reconstruction (BTmin) covers the period 1712–2020 CE (313 years). Our final temperature reconstruction for the Bai-Ma area showed a wiggly trend from 1712 to 1980, with some cool periods (1791–1853 and 1888–1930) and warm episodes (1724–1745, 1854–1887, 1950–1967). During the recent 50 years, BTmin reveal an alarming warming trend of up to 0.4 °C per decade. We also observed a strong coherency of BTmin with regional temperature series. Furthermore, we detected a differential effect of various climate modes, with the most substantial impact of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) on BTmin (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) showed a coupled effect along with AMO on BTmin. As revealed in this study, removing the LBM effect improved the chronology's climate sensitivity, leading to a more robust transfer function and in terms of insect infestations unbiased climate reconstructions. Thus, it is recommended to check ring-width data for any periodicity potentially related to insect outbreaks and correct the original data before using tree-ring chronologies for climate reconstruction.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-03-24
Keywords: Defoliator; Dendrochronology; Larch budmoth; Minimum temperature; Outbreak; Yunnan

Insights into German polar research during POLARSTUNDE - Zuhr, Alexandra M; Loebel, Erik; Muchow, Marek; Dennis, Donovan; von Albedyll, Luisa; Kruse, Frigga; Kassens, Heidemarie; Grabow, Johanna; Piepenburg, Dieter; Brandt, Sören; Lehmann, Rainer; Jessen, Marlene; et al. (Polarforschung, 2023)
Polar research is an interdisciplinary and multi-faceted field of research ranging from history to geology and geophysics to social sciences and education. Thus, several different universities and institutions within Germany participate in polar research. The seminar series POLARSTUNDE, organized by the German Society for Polar Research (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Polarforschung) and the German National Committee of the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS Germany) regularly features different topics of German polar research. Although initially a “pandemic solution”, the seminar series has established itself as a valuable and highly successful part of the German polar research landscape. The seminar series was held in German and was aimed at both scientists and the general public. This article addresses the first season of POLARSTUNDE and provides (1) comprehensive summaries of the talks and (2) insight into the planning and execution from an organizational point of view.<br

Institutional mapping of cross-border cooperation. INTERREG programme analyses with KEEP data - Chilla, Tobias; Lambracht, Markus (European Planning Studies, 2022)
In recent years, a growing number of institutional mapping approaches has reflected on border regions' development. These approaches visualise the relationship between institutional and spatial patterns. In parallel, the quality and quantity of cooperation-related information in the EU KEEP database (DB) is continuously increasing. The aim of our paper is two-fold. Firstly, we aim to understand the cooperation dynamics and funding geographies of the recent INTERREG A period. We do so with the example of cross-border programmes with German participation. More concretely, we scrutinise the relationships that exist between the spatial configurations of funded project cooperation, the involved thematic topics and the role of territorial contexts, particularly in terms of the degree of urbanisation and distance to a border. Secondly, we reflect on the potential and limitations of institutional mapping based on KEEP data. Specifically, we explore the explanatory capacity of institutional mappings based on KEEP data and discuss the blind spots that must be considered and how these could be addressed. The general conclusion from our paper is that institutional mapping based on the KEEP DB proves to be a strong data exploration tool with potential for comparative analyses. However, it has clear limitations with regard to causality testing.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-04-22

Instrumente der Neuzeit : die Entdeckung der modernen Wirklichkeit. Stuttgart 1990 - Hübner, Thomas (1991)

Inszenierungen des Ländlichen im Heimatfilm „Eine ganz heiße Nummer“. Ein Beitrag zu einer Geographie des Films. - Weidinger, Tobias (2013)

Integrationspolitische Umarmungen – Moralisierungen und Emotionalisierungen in dialogbezogenen Problematisierungen kultureller und religiöser Differenzen am Beispiel des „Dialogs mit MuslimInnen“ in Deutschland - Winkler, Jan (Zeitschrift für Diskursforschung, 2021)

Integrative Hochgebirgsökologie in der Hochschullehre – “Umweltwandel in den Südalpen” - Peters, Thorsten; Bäumler, Rupert; Bräuning, Achim; Grießinger, Jussi; Richter, Michael (Arbeitskreis Hochgebirge, 2013)

Intense atmospheric rivers can weaken ice shelf stability at the Antarctic Peninsula - Wille, Jonathan D.; Favier, Vincent; Jourdain, Nicolas C.; Kittel, Christoph; Turton, Jenny; Agosta, Cecile; Gorodetskaya, Irina; Picard, Ghislain; Codron, Francis; Leroy-Dos Santos, Christophe; Amory, Charles; Fettweis, Xavier; et al. (Communications Earth & Environment, 2022)
The disintegration of the ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula have spurred much discussion on the various processes leading to their eventual dramatic collapse, but without a consensus on an atmospheric forcing that could connect these processes. Here, using an atmospheric river detection algorithm along with a regional climate model and satellite observations, we show that the most intense atmospheric rivers induce extremes in temperature, surface melt, sea-ice disintegration, or large swells that destabilize the ice shelves with 40% probability. This was observed during the collapses of the Larsen A and B ice shelves during the summers of 1995 and 2002 respectively. Overall, 60% of calving events from 2000-2020 were triggered by atmospheric rivers. The loss of the buttressing effect from these ice shelves leads to further continental ice loss and subsequent sea-level rise. Under future warming projections, the Larsen C ice shelf will be at-risk from the same processes.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-04-29

Intensified Southern Hemisphere Westerlies regulated atmospheric CO2 during the last deglaciation - Mayr, Christoph; Lücke, Andreas; Wagner, Sebastian; Wissel, Holger; Ohlendorf, Christian; Haberzettl, Torsten; Oehlerich, Markus; Schäbitz, Frank; Wille, Michael; Zhu, Jiayun; Zolitschka, Bernd (Geology, 2013)

Intentional injury and violence in Cape Town, South Africa: an epidemiological analysis of trauma admissions data - Schuurman, Nadine; Cinnamon, Jonathan; Walker, Blake; Fawcett, Vanessa; Nicol, Andrew; Hameed, Syed Morad; Matzopoulos, Richard (Global Health Action, 2015)
Background Injury is a truly global health issue that has enormous societal and economic consequences in all countries. Interpersonal violence is now widely recognized as important global public health issues that can be addressed through evidence-based interventions. In South Africa, as in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), a lack of ongoing, systematic injury surveillance has limited the ability to characterize the burden of violence-related injury and to develop prevention programmes. Objective To describe the profile of trauma presenting to the trauma centre of Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa - relating to interpersonal violence, using data collected from a newly implemented surveillance system. Particular emphasis was placed on temporal aspects of injury epidemiology, as well as age and sex differentiation. Design Data were collected prospectively using a standardized trauma admissions form for all patients presenting to the trauma centre. An epidemiological analysis was conducted on 16 months of data collected from June 2010 to October 2011. Results A total of 8445 patients were included in the analysis, in which the majority were violence-related. Specifically, 35% of records included violent trauma and, of those, 75% of victims were male. There was a clear temporal pattern: a greater proportion of intentional injuries occur during the night, while unintentional injury peaks late in the afternoon. In total, two-third of all intentional trauma is inflicted on the weekends, as is 60% of unintentional trauma. Where alcohol was recorded in the record, 72% of cases involved intentional injury. Sex was again a key factor as over 80% of all records involving alcohol or substance abuse were associated with males. The findings highlighted the association between violence, young males, substance use, and weekends. Conclusions This study provides the basis for evidence-based interventions to reduce the burden of intentional injury. Furthermore, it demonstrates the value of locally appropriate, ongoing, systematic public health surveillance in LMIC.

Interaktive Exkursionen. Konzeption - Vorbereitung - Durchführung - Glasze, Georg; Pütz, Robert; Weber, Florian (Springer, 2021)
In diesem essential wird praxisorientiert dargestellt, wie interaktive Exkursionen im Hochschulkontext von Studierenden vorbereitet und moderiert werden können. Ausgangspunkt bildet der Ansatz eines "lehrenden Lernens", bei dem die Studierenden zu Expert*innen für einzelne Themenbereiche werden. Kern des Konzepts sind exkursionsdidaktische Drehbücher, die von Kleingruppen ausgearbeitet werden. Mit Tipps zur Wahl von Standorten, zur Exkursionsleitung und zur interaktiven Gestaltung von einzelnen Exkursionsblöcken stellt das essential die "Werkzeuge" vor, die für eine erfolgreiche Gestaltung von Exkursionen notwendig sin

Inter-annual and intra-annual tree-ring oxygen isotope signals in response to monsoon rainfall in northwestern Thailand - Preechamart, Sineenart; Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Bräuning, Achim; Muangsong, Chotika; Cai, Binggui; Buajan, Supaporn (Holocene, 2022)
We present a new teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) tree-ring stable oxygen isotope (delta O-18(TR)) chronology from Mae Tuen (MT) site, Tak province, northwestern Thailand at inter-annual (167-year, A.D.1850-2016) and intra-annual (A.D.2006-2016) timescales. The inter-annual delta O-18(TR) chronology showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.678, p < 0.01) with the May-October amount of regional rainfall obtained from CRU TS4.03. We established a linear regression model that explained 46.0% of the actual rainfall variance and reconstructed monsoon season rainfall back to A.D.1850. The seasonal variations in moisture conditions were reflected in inter-annual delta O-18(TR) variability. The rainfall amount and delta O-18 in precipitation (delta O-18(p)) mainly controlled intra-annual variations in teak delta O-18(TR). These results show that the variation in Thai teak delta O-18(TR) is dominated by rainfall, highlighting the strength of delta O-18(TR) as a monsoon rainfall proxy.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-01-27

Interannual variability in glacier contribution to runoff from a high-elevation Andean catchment: understanding the role of debris cover in glacier hydrology - Burger, Flavia; Ayala, Alvaro; Farías Barahona, David; Shaw, Thomas E.; Macdonell, Shelley; Brock, Ben; Mcphee, James; Pellicciotti, Francesca (Hydrological Processes, 2019)
We present a field-data rich modelling analysis to reconstruct the climatic forcing, glacier response, and runoff generation from a high-elevation catchment in central Chile over the period 2000–2015 to provide insights into the differing contributions of debris-covered and debris-free glaciers under current and future changing climatic conditions. Model simulations with the physically based glacio-hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH reveal a period of neutral or slightly positive mass balance between 2000 and 2010, followed by a transition to increasingly large annual mass losses, associated with a recent mega drought. Mass losses commence earlier, and are more severe, for a heavily debris-covered glacier, most likely due to its strong dependence on snow avalanche accumulation, which has declined in recent years. Catchment runoff shows a marked decreasing trend over the study period, but with high interannual variability directly linked to winter snow accumulation, and high contribution from ice melt in dry periods and drought conditions. The study demonstrates the importance of incorporating local-scale processes such as snow avalanche accumulation and spatially variable debris thickness, in understanding the responses of different glacier types to climate change. We highlight the increased dependency of runoff from high Andean catchments on the diminishing resource of glacier ice during dry years.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-07
Keywords: debris-covered glaciers; dry Andes of Chile; glacier mass balance; glacier runoff; glacio-hydrological modelling

International lifestyle migrant entrepreneurs in two New Immigration Destinations: Understanding their evolving mix of embeddedness - Kordel, Stefan; Eimermann, Marco (Journal of Rural Studies, 2018)
This article focuses on consumption and production in lifestyle migration to New Immigration Destinations (NIDs). The aim is to understand how and why lifestyle migrants' structural and individual peculiarities affect socio-economic changes in NIDs. Data are drawn from biographical interviews with lifestyle migrants in rural Slovenia and Sweden, adding issues of production to the otherwise prevailing focus on consumption in lifestyle migration studies. We ask how the ongoing quest for a better life and the lifestyle migrants' embedding processes in various contexts affect each other. Studying lifestyle migrants’ strives for better lives implies both an implicit and an explicit focus on temporality, which can result in a complex mix of embeddedness. Although our participants desire social relations with local populations, they establish them to only a limited degree, deploying multiple local and social networks in various locations for business purposes. As such, this article contributes to discussions on the incorporation of novel populations in NIDs and how to evaluate their contributions to local rural developmen
Keywords: Embeddedness; Lifestyle migration; New immigration destinations; Rural entrepreneurs; Slovenia; Sweden

International Lifestyle Migration in the Andes of Ecuador: How Migrants from the USA Perform Privilege, Import Rurality and Evaluate Their Impact on Local Community - Kordel, Stefan; Pohle, Perdita (Sociologia Ruralis, 2016)
Using the example of Vilcabamba in Ecuador, this article explores the ways that migrants from the USA materialise their quest for better lives by relocating to smallcommunities in the Global South. Taking a lifestyle migration approach, we explore the ways migrants interpret and perform rurality in their post-migration lives according to their economic and symbolically privileged status. Empirical data gathered from biographical narrative interviews with immigrants and guideline-based interviews with experts show that migrants construct their own, mostly idealised, meanings of rurality; for instance, through the enactment of a healthy way of life close to nature, and social community spirit. Performing their privileged status through everyday practices, lifestyle migrants transfer their mostly Western understandings of rurality, derived from notions of the rural idyll, to other socio-cultural settings. Consequently, they foster various transformations of local society, economy and public space. At the same time, however, via critical self-reﬂection, they exhibit an ambivalent attitude to these transformations.
Keywords: lifestyle migration; privilege; rural idyll; rural gentrification; Ecuador

Interreligious Encounters in Europe: Sites, Materialities and Practices - Winkler, Jan; Haddad, Laura; Martínez-Ariño, Julia; Mezzetti, Giulia (Routledge, 2023)
This book examines interreligious dialogue in Europe and how interreligious encounters are framed, expressed and practised. Throughout Europe religious identities have increasingly become significant categories within debates on migration, cohesion, diversity and belonging. By focusing on the spatialities, materialities and practices of interreligious dialogues and encounters, the volume sheds light on the heterogeneous domains where the visibility and inclusion of religious and cultural differences are currently negotiated and contested. The chapters draw on social science perspectives and include a range of empirical case studies from a variety of European settings. The contributions (a) shed light on the subjectivities, relations and modes of behaviour produced, negotiated and contested in and through locally embedded interreligious encounters and dialogue-oriented practices, (b) observe the power dynamics that shape those practices and encounters and (c) discuss their implications for the place(s) of religion in the public sphere. Overall the book contributes to a better understanding of how cultural, religious and political identities are reconfigured across Europe.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-21

Intersektionalität und die Macht der Kategorie - Geiselhart, Klaus; Juraschek, Kim Anna (Handbuch Praktiken und Raum, 2019)
Intersektionale Ungleichheiten verweisen auf strukturelle Diskriminierungen, die durch Mehrfachzuschreibungen von Identitätskategorien wie Geschlecht, Klasse, Ethnizität u.a. entstehen. Die kritische Weißseinsforschung offenbart eine Hegemonie des Weißseins und das Missverhältnis, durch das gender oftmals als Metakategorie allen anderen Differenzen überordnet wird. Damit haben beide Formen der Kritik und der mit ihnen verbundene politische Aktivismus ihre Berechtigung im Kampf gegen die Reproduktion diskriminierender und marginalisierender Praktiken, wenn sie daran arbeiten, langfristig grundlegende kulturelle Repräsentationsregime zu verändern. Doch gibt es auch Grenzen dieser Kritik. Die Autor*innen beschreiben Situationen, in denen diese Kritik wenig zielführend oder gar emotional verletzend ist, und markieren dabei die jeweils situative Angemessenheit von Kritik. So wird eine Grenze immer dann überschritten, wenn die Anerkennung des Gegenübers als Person infrage gestellt wird. Eine Kritik, die die eigenen Kränkungen zum Maßstab erhebt, ist unsolidarisch, wenn sie nicht danach fragt, ob sie noch das Erleben anderer Betroffener abbildet. Ebenso sollte sie sich versichern, dass Betroffene ihren Aktivismus noch als der gemeinsamen Sache zuträglich ansehen. Für die Verletzung der Würde einer Person ist nicht allein die empfundene Kränkung dieser Person maßgeblich, sie manifestiert sich vor allem dann, wenn dieses subjektive Empfinden von anderer Seite nicht wahrgenommen und respektiert wir
Keywords: Intersektionalität; Feminismus; Postkolonialismus

Inter-tree correlation and climatic response of tree-ring δ18O in Chinese fir: Implications for cross-dating and climatic reconstruction in Central East China - Zhao, Yesi; Yang, Bao; Zhang, Peng; Luo, Jiayan; Grießinger, Jussi; Zhang, Hongyan; Liang, Chenghong; Ma, Zaiqin; Gu, Hongliang; Zhang, Yizhong (Dendrochronologia, 2023)
The availability of both ancient and modern wood samples enables the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in Central East China to become a potential tree species for dendroclimatic reconstruction over the Common Era. However, the potential of using tree-ring α-cellulose oxygen isotope ratios (δ18OTRC) in Chinese fir for the purposes of cross-dating and climatic reconstruction remains unexplored. Here we presented three δ18OTRC chronologies (1954–2006 CE) for the whole-ring (δ18OWR), earlywood (δ18OEW), and latewood (δ18OLW) in Chinese fir. The results indicated that the δ18OWR had the highest correlation among individual trees. Using the δ18OWR instead of the conventionally employed TRW can facilitate the cross-dating procedure. The δ18OWR, δ18OEW, and δ18OLW exhibited the strongest relationships with the hydroclimate variables during the entire (June–September), early (June–July), and late (August–September) summer, respectively. The climate conditions preceding the growing season had a stronger influence on δ18OEW than δ18OLW. Using the δ18OWR and δ18OEW to reconstruct the hydroclimate variations may result in greater bias than the use of δ18OLW. Our study demonstrated that the δ18OTRC in Chinese fir from Central East China has the potential for cross-dating and summer hydroclimate reconstruction.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: Central East China; Chinese fir; Climatic reconstruction; Cross-dating; Tree-ring oxygen isotope ratios

Intra-annual density fluctuations in tree rings are proxies of air temperature across Europe - Battipaglia, G.; Kabala, J. P.; Pacheco-Solana, A.; Niccoli, F.; Bräuning, Achim; Campelo, F.; Cufar, K.; de Luis, M.; De Micco, V.; Klisz, M.; Koprowski, M.; Garcia-Gonzalez, I.; et al. (Scientific Reports, 2023)
Intra-Annual Density Fluctuations (IADFs) are an important wood functional trait that determine trees' ability to adapt to climatic changes. Here, we use a large tree-ring database of 11 species from 89 sites across eight European countries, covering a climatic gradient from the Mediterranean to northern Europe, to analyze how climate variations drive IADF formation. We found that IADF occurrence increases nonlinearly with ring width in both gymnosperms and angiosperms and decreases with altitude and age. Recently recorded higher mean annual temperatures facilitate the formation of IADFs in almost all the studied species. Precipitation plays a significant role in inducing IADFs in species that exhibit drought tolerance capability, and a growth pattern known as bimodal growth. Our findings suggest that species with bimodal growth patterns growing in western and southern Europe will form IADFs more frequently, as an adaptation to increasing temperatures and droughts.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-08-11

Intra-annual density fluctuations in tree rings: how, when, where, and why? - De Micco, Veronica; Campelo, Filipe; De Luis, Martin; Bräuning, Achim; Grabner, Michael; Battipaglia, Giovanna; Cherubini, Paolo (Iawa Journal, 2016)
Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) in tree rings are generally considered structural anomalies caused by deviations from the “normal course” of xylogenesis during the growing season. This definition is based on the bias that, under “normal conditions”, cambial activity stops once a year. Each tree ring can thus be dated to one calendar year, which is one of the principles of dendrochronology. The formation of IADFs can be triggered directly by environmental changes, especially in precipitation and temperature, that affect cambial activity and cell differentiation. It can also be the result of limited photosynthesis, due to defoliation induced by biotic or abiotic constraints.Often indicated with alternative terms, IADFs were first described in the 1930s, and recently reported for many trees and shrubs from different ecosystems throughout the world, particularly for Mediterranean species. Different types of IADFs have been detected; their formation and structural properties depend on many factors including tree genotype, age, size, rooting depth, habitat, soil, climate, photosynthetic activity, and allocation strategies. Whether IADFs affect the adaptive capability of plants remains, however, unclear.We provide an overview of the main anatomical features of IADFs and their occurrence in tree rings from various environments and climatic regimes. We propose a simplified way of classifying them and discuss the hypotheses about their functional role and the factors triggering their formation. To understand the ecological role of IADFs better, we recommend a multidisciplinary approach, involving wood anatomy, dendroecology, and stable isotopes, which has already been applied for Mediterranean species. We conclude by considering that IADFs appear to be the “rule” rather than “anomalies” in some ecosystems where they help plants cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Moreover, their anatomical structure represents a valuable proxy of past climatic conditions at a sub-seasonal resolution and may be relevant to adapt hydraulic functioning of living trees to changing climatic conditions.
Keywords: double rings; intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs); boreal climate; Mediterranean ecosystems; Cambial activity; temperate zones; tropics; false rings

Intra-annual radial growth of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis is mainly controlled by moisture availability in the Ailao Mountains, southwestern China - Fan, Ze Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Fu, Pei Li; Yang, Rao Qiong; Qi, Jin Hua; Grießinger, Jussi; Gebrekirstos, Aster (Forests, 2019)
Intra-annual monitoring of tree growth dynamics is increasingly applied to disentangle growth-change relationships with local climate conditions. However, such studies are still very limited in subtropical regions which show a wide variety of climate regimes. We monitored stem radius variations (SRV) of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis (Szemao pine) over five years (2012-2015 and 2017) in the subtropical monsoon mountain climate of the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan Province, southwest China. On average, the stem radial growth of Szemao pine started in early March and ended in early October, and the highest growth rates occurred during May to June. Stem radius increments were synchronous with precipitation events, while tree water deficit corresponded to the drought periods. Correlation analysis and linear mixed-effects models revealed that precipitation and relative humidity are the most important limiting factors of stem radial increments, whereas air temperature and vapor pressure deficit significantly affected tree water balance and may play an important role in determining the growing season length and seasonality (i.e., duration, start, and cessation). This study reveals that moisture availability plays a major role for tree growth of P. kesiya var langbianensis in the Ailao Mountains, southwest China.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-10-25
Keywords: Ailao Mountains; Climate response; Pine; Point dendrometer; Stem radius variations; Tree water deficit

Intra-annual stem radial increment patterns of Chinese pine, Helan Mountains, Northern Central China - Gao, Jiani; Yang, Bao; He, Minhui; Shishov, Vladimir (Trees-Structure and Function, 2019)
Key messageWe investigate the intra-annual growth patterns of Chinese pine in Helan Mountains, confirming that regional water status plays a dominated role in stem radial increment.AbstractThe associations between environmental conditions and stem radial increment (SRI) are useful for assessing a species' growth response to climate change. Intra-annual SRI dynamics of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) were monitored half-hourly by automatic point dendrometer during the growing season (May-September) in 2016 and 2017 at two altitudes in the Helan Mountains, northern central China. Here, we compared the seasonal growth patterns between two altitudes and 2 years. Trees at low altitude are characterized by earlier cessation, shorter growing season, and lower growth rate, resulting in less annual growth, which may reflect the greater drought intensified by rising temperature at low altitude. June precipitation significantly affected tree growth rate. The xylem growth was active when daily mean air temperature was 9.9 degrees C at our study region for P. tabulaeformis in an arid environment. During the growing season, daily stem radial increment showed a significantly positive correlation with precipitation and a negative correlation with daily air temperature at all altitudes. Climatic variables associated with tree water status, namely precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, and relative humidity, played important roles in daily stem radial increment as the same result as a linear mixed model. These factors drive the complex physiological processes of stem radial increment by influencing the moisture available to the tree.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-06-18

Intra-annual stem radial increment response of Qilian juniper to temperature and precipitation along an altitudinal gradient in northwestern China - Wang, Zhangyong; Yang, Bao; Deslauriers, Annie; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2015)
Abstract: Altitude is considered as an important factor affecting tree growth in mountain forest ecosystems. In this paper, the results of a 2-year field study along an altitudinal gradient in the cold and arid central Qilian Mountains, northwestern China, are reported. Twelve Qilian juniper trees (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) were monitored with high-resolution dendrometers at three altitudes ranging from 2,865 to 3,550 m. At each altitude, a local weather station was installed close to the studied trees. We identified correlations between intra-annual growth patterns derived from the Gompertz equation with local air temperature and precipitation data. The timing of growth initiation became earlier and the growing season duration increased with decreasing altitude. The onset of radial growth occurred between early May and early June, and the growing season terminated between mid-July and late August, resulting in a growing season duration that decreased from 107 to 41 days as elevation increased. June is the most important growth period at each altitude. Spring temperature, which is strongly associated with elevation, is a critical factor determining the initiation of radial growth. The timing of growth initiation was delayed by 3–4 days per 100 m elevation. When associated with the modeled altitudinal spring temperature lapse rate of −0.48 °C/100 m, the onset of the growing season increased by about 7 days/°C. However, during the growing season, daily stem radial increments showed a positive correlation with precipitation and a negative correlation with daily maximum air temperature at all altitudes. Our study provides new data revealing the basic growth processes of Qilian juniper trees and provides significant information to quantify the responses of tree growth to future global warming.
Keywords: Altitudinal gradient; Dendrometer; Qilian Mountains; Sabina przewalskii Kom; Stem radial increment

Intra-europäische Lifestyle Migration an die spanische Costa Blanca. Repräsentationen des Ländlichen und Alltagspraktiken in Zeiten der Finanz- und Immobilienkrise - Weidinger, Tobias (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2016)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit intra-europäischer Lifestyle Migration von deutschen und britischen (Früh-)Rentnern ins ländliche Spanien, genauer gesagt an die nördliche Costa Blanca und deren Hinterland. Dabei wurden vor dem Hintergrund eines veränderten strukturellen Kontexts in Folge der Finanz- und Immobilienkrise folgende Fragen diskutiert: Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen zwischen den für die Migration relevanten räumlichen Repräsentation des Ländlichen und den Alltagspraktiken vor Ort? Inwiefern haben sich Alltagspraktiken der relativ wohlhabenden (Früh-)Rentner vor dem Hintergrund der Finanz- und Immobilienkrise verändert? Welchen Beitrag leisten deutsche und britische (Früh-)Rentner aus ihrer eigenen Sicht, das heißt selbstreflexiv, zur lokal-regionalen Entwicklung in Zeiten der Krise? Inwiefern spiegeln sich darin Aspekte von relativer Privilegiertheit wider? Zur Diskussion der Forschungsfragen wurden neben einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche biographisch-narrative Interviews mit deutschen und britischen (Früh-)Rentnern und problemzentrierte Interviews mit lokalen Experten durchgeführt. Einem sozialkonstruktivistischen Raumverständnis folgend wurden für die Analyse jedoch nur diejenigen biographisch-narrativen Interviews verwendet, in denen Befragte von sich aus angaben, „auf dem Land“ zu leben. In theoretisch-konzeptioneller Hinsicht folgte die Arbeit sowohl dem dreigeteilten Modell des ländlichen Raums von Halfacree (2006) als auch dem Lifestyle Migration-Ansatz von Benson und O’Reilly (2009). Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass (Früh-)Rentner Migrationsentscheidungen relational zu anderen Orten, Personengruppen und Zeiten aushandeln. Dabei stehen die mit der Wohnstandortwahl verbundenen Repräsentationen des Ländlichen in enger Wechselbeziehung zu den Alltagspraktiken der (Früh-)Rentner. Die (Früh-)Rentner versuchen im Alltag nach der Migration die, mit der Umzugsentscheidung verbundenen, idyllischen Erwartungen, Imaginationen, Hoffnungen und Träume an ein besseres Leben in entsprechende räumliche Praktiken zu übersetzen. Die Finanz- und Immobilienkrise und ihre negativen Folgen für die spanische Bevölkerung führten jedoch aus Sicht der (Früh-)Rentner dazu, dass ‚ihre‘ ländliche und soziale Idylle bedroht wird. Um diese negativen Folgen abzuschwächen und einen Bruch zwischen idyllischer und gelebter Ländlichkeit zu verhindern, haben sie zum einen Alltagspraktiken aufrechterhalten beziehungsweise intensiviert, zum Beispiel in Bezug auf Spenden und ehrenamtliches Engagement. Zum anderen veränderten sie Praktiken, zum Beispiel hinsichtlich des lokalen Konsums oder nachbarschaftlicher Hilfe. Damit bestätigt die Arbeit, dass es sich bei Lifestyle Migration um eine andauernde Suche nach dem besseren Leben handelt, die durch die Veränderungen von Orten und Kontexten beziehungsweise persönlichen Umständen gestört werden kann. Die empirischen Ergebnisse lassen außerdem darauf schließen, dass deutsche und britische (Früh-) Rentner davon ausgehen, durch ihre Alltagspraktiken einen Beitrag zur lokal-regionalen Entwicklung in Bezug auf Immobilienmarkt, Lokalwirtschaft und sozialem Engagement in der Krise zu leisten und damit die Auswirkungen dieser möglichst gering halten. Die (Früh-)Rentner reflektieren über ihr eigenes Handeln und die daraus folgenden Konsequenzen, sind sich ihres relativ privilegierten Status und ihres relativen Wohlstands bewusst und setzen diesen, wie das Beispiel der Konsumpraktiken und des sozialen Engagements zeigt, in der Krise auch aktiv in Wert. In methodischer Hinsicht konnte die Arbeit den Mehrwert biographisch-narrativer Interviews, die in der Geographie bisher eher spärlich eingesetzt wurden, aufzeigen. In der Begründung für einen Wohnstandort spiegeln sich immer auch Träume, Sehnsüchte, Enttäuschungen und Erinnerungen wider. Wird Migration deshalb nicht als abgeschlossener Migrationsakt, sondern als Handlung im Zeitverlauf kontextualisiert, kann sie als Teil der Biographie für den Forschungsprozess in Wert gesetzt werden, um raumwirksame, gesellschaftliche Prozesse zu untersuchen. In theoretisch-konzeptioneller Hinsicht konnte die Arbeit den Mehrwert des aus der Soziologie stammenden Lifestyle Migration-Ansatzes im Vergleich zu anderen Erklärungsansätzen aus der geographischen Migrationsforschung, wie internationaler Ruhesitzwanderung, internationaler Counterurbanisierung, Residenztourismus und annehmlichkeitsorientierter Migration, herausstellen. Die Stärke liegt darin, dass Lifestyle Migration als einziges Konzept die Komplexität freizeit- und lebensstilorientierter Mobilitäten fassen kann, indem es sowohl individuelle und strukturelle Faktoren der Migrationsentscheidung berücksichtigt, als auch die der Migrationsentscheidung zugrunde liegenden Repräsentationen und alltäglichen Praktiken nach der erfolgten Migration untersucht. Die Arbeit konnte zeigen, dass der Ansatz außerdem an relationale, sozialkonstruktivistische Raumkonzepte, wie das dreigeteilte Modell des ländlichen Raums von Halfacree (2006) anschlussfähig ist und eine Brücke zwischen Migrationstheorie und Raumtheorie schlagen kann. Überdies ermöglicht Lifestyle Migration durch den Fokus auf Privilegiertheit die Anbindung an andere aktuelle sozialgeographische Fragestellungen in den rural studies beziehungsweise Geographien des Ländlichen. Mittels Analyse der Erfahrung relativer Privilegiertheit durch Migranten konnte die Arbeit schließlich zeigen, dass Lifestyle Migration auch als Erklärungsansatz für räumliche Auswirkungen altersselektiver Zuwanderung auf Lokalbevölkerung, Hierarchien und Kulturen geeignet ist. Somit ist eine Anschlussfähigkeit an Fragen der Regionalentwicklung möglich.

Intra-European lifestyle migration of German (pre)retirees to rural Spain: a contribution to rural development in times of the financial and real-estate crisis? The migrants’ point of view. - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (European rural peripheries revalued: Governance, actors, impacts, 2016)
This article concerns lifestyle and leisure-oriented migration of German (pre)retirees aged 50+ to the hinterland of the Spanish Costa Blanca. Against the backdrop of the current financial and real estate crisis it is discussed, how migrants, addressed as relatively affluent, contribute to rural development in terms of economic and social practices. Deriving from migrants' biographies, analyses take an individual perspective for a deeper understanding of practices due to their desired way of living. Results show that the migration decision, which is inspiured by idealised notions of the countryside, i.e., a rural idyll, and repeatedly negotiated through meaningful practices in post-migration lives. In light of the crisis, they both persist on and alter practices with regard to consumption or civil commitment in order to support local population and thus uphold idyllic notions of rurality. Thereby, everyday practices also reflect their relatively affluent status, which, from their perspective, contribute to rural development.

INTRAGRO: A machine learning approach to predict future growth of trees under climate change - Aryal, Sugam; Grießinger, Jussi; Dyola, Nita; Gaire, Narayan Prasad; Bhattarai, Tribikram; Bräuning, Achim (Ecology and Evolution, 2023)
The escalating impact of climate change on global terrestrial ecosystems demands a robust prediction of the trees' growth patterns and physiological adaptation for sustainable forestry and successful conservation efforts. Understanding these dynamics at an intra-annual resolution can offer deeper insights into tree responses under various future climate scenarios. However, the existing approaches to infer cambial or leaf phenological change are mainly focused on certain climatic zones (such as higher latitudes) or species with foliage discolouration during the fall season. In this study, we demonstrated a novel approach (INTRAGRO) to combine intra-annual circumference records generated by dendrometers coupled to the output of climate models to predict future tree growth at intra-annual resolution using a series of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. INTRAGRO performed well using our dataset, that is dendrometer data of P. roxburghii Sarg. from the subtropical mid-elevation belt of Nepal, with robust test statistics. Our growth prediction shows enhanced tree growth at our study site for the middle and end of the 21st century. This result is remarkable since the predicted growing season by INTRAGRO is expected to shorten due to changes in seasonal precipitation. INTRAGRO's key advantage is the opportunity to analyse changes in trees' intra-annual growth dynamics on a global scale, regardless of the investigated tree species, regional climate and geographical conditions. Such information is important to assess tree species' growth performance and physiological adaptation to growing season change under different climate scenarios.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-11-03
Keywords: dendrometer; growing-season change; intra-annual growth; machine learning algorithm; Pinus roxburghii; sub-tropical Nepal

Introduction: Recalibrating the quantitative revolution in geography - Gyuris, Ferenc; Michel, Boris; Paulus, Katharina (Recalibrating the Quantitative Revolution in Geography, 2022)
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book shows a photo of the 1969 installation Reticularea by the German-Venezuelan artist and Jewish refugee Gertrud “Gego” Goldschmidt. It explores the history of Dutch quantitative geography. Commonly described as a latecomer to the quantitative revolution, Dutch spatial science coincided with the societal transformation of the late 1960s. The book describes how quantitative methods took root in Dutch geography in these two waves in the 1950s and 1960s and discusses why the first wave has been substantially forgotten. It deals with a place-based narrative about the arrival of quantitative geography in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s. The book explores the materialized network of human bodies and nonhuman objects responsible for the production, circulation, and reception of quantitative geographies in Brazil.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-11-04

Introduction: The Sites, Materialities and Practices of Interreligious Encounters in Europe - Martínez-Ariño, Julia; Haddad, Laura; Winkler, Jan; Mezzetti, Giulia (Interreligious Encounters in Europe: Sites, Materialities and Practices, 2023)
This introduction asks about the multiple forms, power effects, fragility and contested nature of interreligious encounters in Europe from various social science perspectives. With ‘interreligious dialogue’ initiatives being promoted in many societies, research on the topic has expanded. Attention has been devoted to dialogue as a tool to promote social cohesion and integration in societies marked by migration-driven religious diversity. However, research on the intertwined effects of the sites, materialities and practices of ‘the interreligious’ is scarce, especially with regard to the production and contentious transformation of identities, mechanisms of belonging and power relations in local contexts. To address this gap, the contributions to Interreligious Encounters in Europe: Sites, Materialities and Practices focus on the situated articulations of interreligious encounters and dialogues by examining how different encounters are framed, expressed and practised. Drawing on 9 empirical case studies from various countries, the contributions (a) shed light on the subjectivities, relations and modes of behaviour produced, negotiated and contested in and through locally embedded interreligious encounters and dialogue-oriented practices; (b) observe the power dynamics that shape those practices and encounters; and (c) discuss their implications for the place(s) of religion in the public sphere. The volume provides insights into the commonalities and specificities of interreligious encounters, politics and practices across different settings.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-21

Introduction -This is Not an Atlas - Haldern, Severin; Michel, Boris (This is not an Atlas. A Global Collection of Counter-Cartographies, 2018)

Invasion by the Alien Tree Prunus serotina Alters Ecosystem Functions in a Temperate Deciduous Forest - Aerts, Raf; Ewald, Michael; Nicolas, Manuel; Piat, Jerome; Skowronek, Sandra; Lenoir, Jonathan; Hattab, Tarek; Garzon-Lopez, Carol; Feilhauer, Hannes; Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Rocchini, Duccio; Decocq, Guillaume; et al. (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017)
Alien invasive species can affect large areas, often with wide-ranging impacts on ecosystem structure, function, and services. Prunus serotina is a widespread invader of European temperate forests, where it tends to form homogeneous stands and limits recruitment of indigenous trees. We hypotesized that invasion by P. serotina would be reflected in the nutrient contents of the native species' leaves and in the respiration of invaded plots as efficient resource uptake and changes in nutrient cycling by P. serotina probably underly its aggressive invasiveness. We combined data from 48 field plots in the forest of Compiegne, France, and data from an experiment using 96 microcosms derived from those field plots. We used general linear models to separate effects of invasion by P. serotina on heterotrophic soil and litter respiration rates and on canopy foliar nutrient content from effects of soil chemical properties, litter quantity, litter species composition, and tree species composition. In invaded stands, average respiration rates were 5.6% higher for soil (without litter) and 32% higher for soil and litter combined. Compared to indigenous tree species, P. serotina exhibited higher foliar N (+24.0%), foliar P (+50.7%), and lower foliar C:N (-22.4%) and N:P (-10.1%) ratios. P. serotina affected foliar nutrient contents of co-occuring indigenous tree species leading to decreased foliar N (-8.7 %) and increased C: N ratio (+9.5%) in Fagus sylvatica, decreased foliar N: P ratio in Carpinus betulus (-13.5%) and F. sylvatica (-11.8%), and increased foliar P in Pinus sylvestris (+12.3%) in invaded vs. uninvaded stands. Our results suggest that P. serotina is changing nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon cycles to its own advantage, hereby increasing carbon turnover via labile litter, affecting the relative nutrient contents in the overstory leaves, and potentially altering the photosynthetic capacity of the long-lived indigenous broadleaved species. Uncontrolled invasion of European temperate forests by P. serotina may affect the climate change mitigation potential of these forests in the long term, through additive effects on local nutrient cycles.
Keywords: American black cherry; biological invasion; biogeochemical cycles; canopy foliar nutrients; heterotrophic respiration; litter; exotic species; invasive species

Investigations on the intensity of weathering of soils developed from glacial and fluvioglacial deposits and their relationship with the history of the landscape in the Mt. Everest region - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Geoderma, 1991)
Soils developed from glacial and fluvioglacial deposits in the Mt. Everest region (Eastern Nepal) were differentiated analytically with regard to weathering intensity and age. Iron fractionation, clay mineral analysis and the calculation of weathering indices resulted in a separation of the soils into two groups. One group, of "young soils' with their main weathering zone in the top horizons, has developed from deposits of the last ice age or postglacial events; this was supported by radiocarbon dating. The other group, of considerably older, highly weathered soils, was presumably derived from interglacial deposits. Based on these results and according to the soil geographical evidence, indications on the Pleistocene history of the landscape and the extent of the last major glaciation could be deduced. © 1991.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1991.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.invest

Investigations on the intensity of weathering of soils developed from glacial and fluvioglacial deposits and their relation to the glacial history of Central and Eastern Nepal - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (European Bulletin of Himalayan Research (EBHR), 1993)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1993.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.invest

IOM Migration governance framework - Weidinger, Tobias (MATILDE toolbox: methods to assess migration impact in rural and mountain areas (= Deliverable 2.7 of MATILDE project), 2022)

Irlinger, Bernhard: Das Radlbuch Franken : abwechslungsreiche Touren für alle Ansprüche. München 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Islands in land- and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation - Bräuning, Achim; Richter, Michael; Peters, Thorsten (Conference of the Society for Tropical Ecology, 2012)

Islands in land and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation – Conference of the Society for Tropical Ecology - Bräuning, Achim; Richter, Michael; Peters, Thorsten (2012)

Isotope studies along a high-elevation transect on the Tibetan Plateau - Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim; Schleser, Gerhard Hans (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 3: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2004 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 53, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.isotop

Isotopic Map of the Inn-Eisack-Adige-Brenner-Passage and its Application to Prehistoric Human Cremations - Toncala, Anita; Söllner, Frank; Mayr, Christoph; Hölzl, Stefan; Heck, Karin; Wycisk, Dominika; Grupe, Gisela (Across the Alps in Prehistory, 2017)

ISS : die internationale Raumstation. München 2003 - Hübner, Thomas (2003)

Is Social Contact With the Resident Population a Prerequisite of Well-Being and Place Attachment? The Case of Refugees in Rural Regions of Germany - Glorius, Birgit; Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Bürer, Miriam; Schneider, Hanne; Spenger, David (Frontiers in Sociology, 2020)
Due to dispersal policies applied in many European countries, such as Germany, rural regions are important arrival regions for asylum seekers and refugees. For German policy makers, who have faced a large number of immigrants since 2015, it is crucial that asylum seekers and refugees stay in those rural regions and benefit the development of those areas. This paper addresses the quality and quantity of social contact between refugees and resident populations as a prerequisite for integration and long-term migration-development effects from a social geographical perspective. Drawing from survey data and qualitative interviews, we examine expectations, perceptions and experiences of everyday encounters and social relationships in neighborhoods in small rural towns and villages from the perspective of both local residents and refugees. Our results support arguments from research literature for faster social inclusion in rural areas due to greater nearness, but also obstacles toward the integration of foreigners due to a higher homogeneity of rural neighborhoods and only few experiences of positive everyday contact with foreigners among rural residents. The interviewed refugees display a high level of reflexivity regarding their new neighborhood and how they might be seen by rural residents. Their experiences encompass various forms of social relationships, while social bridges are crucial, ranging from serendipitous encounters and functional interactions to connections based on mutual interest around family issues or cultural aspects. Openness and tolerance from at least some parts of the local population can help immigrants to feel at home, and support staying aspirations, while simultaneously evoking wider social change. A peculiarity of rural areas is the intersectionality with further challenges related to structural changes, encompassing, for instance, socio-demographic and economic restructuring. However, social interactions and opportunities for encounters are only one factor in the development of long-term settlement. More in-depth research is needed to consider the interrelations of both structural contexts and complex and changing needs for personal development in the future, also from an intergenerational perspective.<br

Is This Is Not an Atlas an Atlas? On the Pitfalls of Editing a Global Collection of Counter-Cartographies - Halder, Severin; Michel, Boris; Schweizer, Paul (Cartographica, 2020)
As part of kollektiv orangotango+, we co-edited an international collection of activist, academic, and artistic "counter- mappings." Because counter-mapping is historically closely connected with, and indebted to, anti-colonial struggles and decolonial politics, we hoped to locate our work within the wider debates about decolonial cartography and the decolonizing of the map. At the same time, preparing, producing, and distributing this publication posed a number of questions and problems. We use this short article as an opportunity to reflect on the editing, publication, and dissemination of This Is Not an Atlas, as well as to trace possible ways beyond the book for Not-an-Atlas as an ongoing project.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-01-08

Ist Werlens Sozialgeographie aus praxisphilosophischer Sicht ausreichend praxistheoretisch begründet? - Geiselhart, Klaus (Erwägen Wissen Ethik, 2013)
Antwort auf den Hauptartikel: Benno Werlen (2013): Gesellschaft und Raum: Gesellschaftliche Raumverhältnisse Grundlagen und Perspektiven einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Geographie. In: EWE 24/1, S. 3–16.

Jährliche Karten von Jahrringdaten zur Rekonstruktion der Monsunzirkulation in Osttibet - Bräuning, Achim (Stuttgarter Geographische Studien, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.jhrlic

Jahrringökologische Untersuchungen zur Vegetationsdynamik auf ehemaligen Schafweideflächen der Schwäbischen Alb - Bräuning, Achim; Wegst, Markus (Beiträge für Forstwirtschaft und Landschaftsökologie, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.jahrri

Jahrtausendprojekt Mars : Chance und Schicksal der Menschheit. München 1996 - Hübner, Thomas (1996)

Jahrtausendprojekt Mars : Chance und Schicksal der Menschheit. Völlig überarbeitete und aktualisierte Neuausgabe. München 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Jenseits der Speckgürtel. Wanderungsabsichten von Schulabsolventen und der demographische Wandel im ländlichen Raum - das Beispiel des Landkreises Haßberge - Chilla, Tobias; Morhardt, Tobias; Braun, Boris (Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.jensei

Jenseits von Kiel: Zu einer Wissenschaftsgeschichte der quantitativ-theoretischen Wende in der deutschsprachigen Geographie - Paulus, Katharina; Michel, Boris (Geographica Helvetica, 2018)
This editorial provides a theoretical and contextual framework for the themed issue “Raum. Gesetze. Daten.”. The article calls for a broader historiographic analysis of the quantitative-theoretical turn in German-speaking geography. We propose a research agenda that aims at writing a history of science beyond monumental history and classical intellectual history, that focuses on the messiness of history and takes the historicity of systems of thought into account. The endeavour is part of a growing interest in the history of science in the context of the cold war, cybernetic thinking and post-Fordist capitalism.<br

Jung, Norbert: 111 Orte im und am Bamberger Dom, die man gesehen haben muss / Norbert Jung ; Harry Luck. Köln 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Jupiter und Saturn : Ergebnisse der Planetenforschung. Stuttgart 1985 - Hübner, Thomas (1986)

Karakoram glacier surge dynamics - Quincey, Duncan; Braun, Matthias; Bishop, M.P.; Hewitt, Ken; Luckman, Adrian (Geophysical Research Letters, 2011)
We examine the surges of five glaciers in the Pakistan Karakoram using satellite remote sensing to investigate the dynamic nature of surges in this region and how they may be affected by climate. Surface velocity maps derived by feature-tracking quantify the surge development spatially in relation to the terminus position, and temporally with reference to seasonal weather. We find that the season of surge initiation varies, that each surge develops gradually over several years, and that maximum velocities are recorded within the lowermost 10 km of the glacier. Measured peak surge velocities are between one and two orders of magnitude greater than during quiescence. We also note that two of the glaciers are of a type not previously reported to surge. The evidence points towards recent Karakoram surges being controlled by thermal rather than hydrological conditions, coinciding with high-altitude warming from long-term precipitation and accumulation patterns. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.karako

Karnatz, Sebastian: Cadolzburg : amtlicher Führer / Sebastian Karnatz ; Uta Piereth. München 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Karnatz, Sebatian: Burgen, Klöster, Residenzen : eine Reise zu den Orten der Hohenzollern in Franken. Cadolzburg 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Karten und Kartographie - Glasze, Georg (Metzler Handbuch 2.0 Geographieunterricht, 2013)

Kartenvergleich zum Aufspüren gesellschaftlicher Gemachtheit von Karten: Eine Innenstadt - verschiedene Karten. - Elrick, Tim; Glasze, Georg (Diercke. Reflexive Kartenarbeit. Methoden und Aufgaben., 2016)

Kartierungen - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Kartographie - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Key Challenges for Land Use Planning and Its Environmental Assessments in the Abuja City-Region, Nigeria - Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu; Gollnow, Florian; Walker, Blake; Nielsen, Jonas O.; Lakes, Tobia (Land, 2021)
Land use planning as strategic instruments to guide urban dynamics faces particular challenges in the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa, where urgent interventions are required to improve urban and environmental sustainability. This study investigated and identified key challenges of land use planning and its environmental assessments to improve the urban and environmental sustainability of city-regions. In doing so, we combined expert interviews and questionnaires with spatial analyses of urban and regional land use plans, as well as current and future urban land cover maps derived from Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing. By overlaying and contrasting land use plans and land cover maps, we investigated spatial inconsistencies between urban and regional plans and the associated urban land dynamics and used expert surveys to identify the causes of such inconsistencies. We furthermore identified and interrogated key challenges facing land use planning, including its environmental assessment procedures, and explored means for overcoming these barriers to rapid, yet environmentally sound urban growth. The results illuminated multiple inconsistencies (e.g., spatial conflicts) between urban and regional plans, most prominently stemming from conflicts in administrative boundaries and a lack of interdepartmental coordination. Key findings identified a lack of Strategic Environmental Assessment and inadequate implementation of land use plans caused by e.g., insufficient funding, lack of political will, political interference, corruption as challenges facing land use planning strategies for urban and environmental sustainability. The baseline information provided in this study is crucial to improve strategic planning and urban/environmental sustainability of city-regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and across the Global South, where land use planning faces similar challenges to address haphazard urban expansion patterns.

Klaus, Gert: Glücksorte in Nürnberg : fahr hin und werd glücklich. Düsseldorf 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Kleinräumige Verteilung von Gesundheitsbedingungen in Städten Das Beispiel Erlangen. - Spenger, David; Geiselhart, Klaus (Standort, 2022)
Debatten um Umweltgerechtigkeit gehen davon aus, dass ärmere Menschen von höheren gesundheitsrelevanten Umweltbelastungen betroffen sind, als wohlhabende. Untersuchungen in Erlangen zeigen jedoch, dass dies nicht zwangsläufig der Fall ist und nur einzelne sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Gebiete tatsächlich hohen Belastungen ausgeliefert sind. Andere hingegen verfügen durchaus über gute Umweltausstattungen. Zwar lassen sich einzelne besonders privilegierte Gebiete mit geringen Belastungen und guter sozioökonomischer Lage identifizieren aber andere eher wohlhabendere Gegenden zeigen sich als durchaus belastet. Im Zuge neuerer Innenentwicklung gibt es allerdings die Tendenz, dass Umweltressourcen und Umweltbelastungen zunehmend kleinräumiger nach Finanzkraft verteilt werden. Der Artikel entwirft eine leicht übertragbare Methode, die es ermöglicht, anhand der Kernindikatoren Lärmbelastung, Ausstattung mit öffentlichem/privatem Grün und Sozialdaten, Fragen der Umweltgerechtigkeit sehr kleinräumig zu betrachten und im Sinne eines „Frühwarnsystems“ Entwicklungen im Zeitverlauf zu beobachten. Zudem kann der praxisnahe Ansatz als ein Ausgangspunkt für integriertes Verwaltungshandeln gesehen werden, das insbesondere beim Zusammenhang Umwelt und Gesundheit häufig noch defizitär is
Keywords: Umweltgerechtigkeit; Integrierte Stadtentwicklung; Mikrosegregation; Gesundheitsgeographie; Erlangen

Klimavielfalt, Klimawandel und Klimafolgen in den tropischen Anden - Richter, Michael; Peters, Thorsten (Ökozonen im Wandel, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.klimav_6

Klimawandel 2.0 - Neue Impulse für den Geographieunterricht - Peters, Thorsten; Schöps, Andreas; Hemmer, Ingrid; Haußner, Sonja; van der Linden, Fabian (Der Schulgeograph, 2016)

Klimawandel, Waldökosysteme und BNE - Bräuning, Achim; Collier, Emily; Mölg, Thomas; Müller, Annette; Schubert, Jan Christoph; Thieroff, Bernhard (Praxis Geographie, 2019)

Klinger, Kerstin Elisabeth: Glücksorte in Oberfranken : fahr hin und werd glücklich. Düsseldorf 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Knoller, Rasso: Franken : Regioführer spezial / Autoren: Rasso Knoller, Diana Seufert, Katja Wegener. Rheinbreitbach 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Kodierende Verfahren in der Diskursforschung - Glasze, Georg; Husseini de Araújo, Shadia; Mose, Jörg (Handbuch Diskurs und Raum. Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Raumforschung, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.kodier

Kohlenstoffisotope von Bäumen als Klimaindikatoren - Schleser, Gerhard Hans; Helle, Gerhard; Bräuning, Achim (Proc. Paläoklima und Klimaprozesse, 1995)

Kometen : Himmelskörper aus den Anfängen des Sonnensystems. München 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Kommentar aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht - Kordel, Stefan (Aufnahme und Integration von Geflüchteten in ländliche Räume: Spezifika und (Forschungs-)herausforderungen, 2017)

Konstruktivistische Perspektiven im Spiegel der ihnen zugrunde liegenden Ideologien – eine pragmatistische Betrachtung am Beispiel geographischer Risikoforschung - Geiselhart, Klaus (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2010)
In der Geographie haben sich konstruktivistische Positionen weitgehend durchge - setzt. In diesem Artikel soll gezeigt werden, dass es darunter ganz unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Annäherungen an das Phänomen der gesellschaftlichen Risiko - konstruktion gibt. Der Artikel entwirft die fiktive Figur eines Forschers, der sich die Erforschung der gesellschaftlichen Verhandlung der HIV-Ansteckungsgefahr im Zusammenhang mit Prostitution in Botswana zum Ziel gesetzt hat. Anhand der Situation dieses erdachten Forschers beschreibt der Artikel verschiedene er - kenntnistheoretische Grundhaltungen. Dabei werden die empirische Forschung, der Einfluss von Theorie auf  die Empirie, und die dadurch entstehende Bedingtheit der Ergebnisse parallel beschrieben. Es geht also um die Frage: Welche Annahmen führen zu welcher Art von Forschung und erbringen welche Art von Ergebnis? Es zeigt sich, dass dies sehr stark davon abhängt, welches Bild sich ein Forscher von der menschlichen Fähigkeit zur Welterkenntnis macht. Es ist hier nicht das Ziel zu zeigen, dass die eine Position besser oder schlechter sei als die andere, sondern, dass sie vielmehr unterschiedliche Sichtweisen darstellen, über die verhandelt werden muss. In diesem Sinne steht die hier vertretene pragmatistische Position auch für eine Reflexion über die gesellschaftliche Aufgabe von Wissenschaft.
Keywords: Risiko; Konstruktion

Korpus-basiert - Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika (DiskursNetz. Wörterbuch der interdisziplinären Diskursforschung, 2014)

Korpus-getrieben - Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika (DiskursNetz. Wörterbuch der interdisziplinären Diskursforschung, 2014)

Kotti auf der Karte. Für eine kritische Kartographie! - Braun, Johann; Westerheide, Frederieke (Gefährliche Orte. Unterwegs in Kreuzberg., 2018)

Krise der banlieues und die politique de la ville in Frankreich - Weber, Florian; Glasze, Georg; Vieillard-Baron, Hervé (Geographische Rundschau, 2012)
Burning cars, rioting youths, overchallenged security forces and helpless politicians - these are pictures from the French suburbs, the banlieues, which have gained German as well as international media attention since the nationwide riots in autumn 2005. The so-called crise des banlieues, the crisis of the suburbs, is not a new issue in France: It has been a major challenge for domestic politics in France at least since the 1980s. With the politique de la ville, a whole set of measures has been set up focusing on difficult urban quarters, especially in the oan//eues.

Krise der Vorstädte oder Krise der Gesellschaft? Stadt und Integrationspolitiken in Frankreich - Glasze, Georg; Germes, Melina; Weber, Florian (Geographie und Schule, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.krised

Krisen- und Konflikt-Karten im Web 2.0. Ein kritischer Blick auf die neuen Krisen-und Konfliktkarten - Bittner, Christian; Glasze, Georg; Michel, Boris; Turk, Catherine (Geographische Rundschau, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-14:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.krisen

Kritische Geographie als Beruf(ung). Kritik als Mediation und der Wille zur Verantwortung - Geiselhart, Klaus (Die Verantwortung der Geographie. Orientierung für eine reflexive Forschung, 2021)
Kritik als pure Opposition gegen die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse ist nicht automatisch emanzipatorisch. Wird abstrakte Gesellschaftskritik auf konkrete soziale Kontexte übertragen, dann ist nicht Dogmatismus sondern „Augenmaß“ gefragt, wie das Max Weber für berufsmäßig politische Tätigkeiten fordert. Im lokalen Kontext begegnen sich keine reinen soziologischen Identitäts-, Gruppen- oder Klassenkategorien sondern individuelle Persönlichkeiten, die jeweils einen eigenständigen Willen zur Verantwortung ausgebildet haben. Dieser ist den Akteuren weitgehend habitualsiert, wird weniger intellektuell reflektiert und ist somit kaum explizit bewusst. Im lokalisierten Kontext gilt es demnach, den Beteiligten die jeweils individuellen Werthaltungen gegenseitig mittels Mediation transparent zu machen. Die kritische Verantwortung liegt dabei darin, die sozialen Asymmetrien in den Beziehungen der Beteiligten aufzuzeigen, sowie auf ökologisch und ökonomisch nachhaltige Prozessgestaltung hinzuweisen. Kritik als Mediation ist eine lokalisierte Kritik und damit eine spezifisch geographische Kritik.<br
Keywords: Kritische Theorie; Mediation

Kritische Kartographie - Glasze, Georg (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2009)
Maps categorize, define, arrange, locate, designate and thereby (re-)produce certain conceptions of the world. They affect our thinking and acting and are in this sense powerful. The new technical possibilities (esp. GIS, Web 2.0 cartography, georeferenced services) lead to changed conditions of the production and consumption of maps and go along with a boom of map-use. Against this background, the paper presents approaches of a critical cartography which analyses the social and discursive contexts as well as the social effects of cartography.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.kritis

Kritische Kartographie - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

(untitled) - Bittner, Christian; Michel, Boris (Handbuch kritische Stadtgeographie)
Keywords: Kartographie; Kritische Kartographie; Stadt

Kritisches Kartieren – zur Einführung - Dammann, Finn; Michel, Boris (Handbuch Kritisches Kartieren, 2022)

Kritische Stadtforschung. Ein Gespräch über Geschichte und Produktionsbedingungen in Geographie, Soziologie, Kulturgeschichte und Architektur/Städtebau. - Gribat, Nina; Höhne, Stefan; Michel, Boris; Schuster, Nina (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2016)

Kritische Wissenschaft braucht einen Begriff von Gesellschaft. Gespräch mit Christiane Schulte & Freund_innen - Michel, Boris; Höhne, Stefan; Vollmer, Lisa (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2016)

Kröll, Rainer D.: Altmühltal und Fränkisches Seenland : 40 Wanderungen ; spektakuläre Felsen, Burgen und Klöster ; Tipps für Touren abseits des Trubels ; Ausflugsziele in der Region. München 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Kruz-Bonazza, Annette: Amsterdam. 8., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Kulturgeographisches Geländepraktikum – Handbuch und Leitfaden. - Pohle, Perdita; Kieslinger, Julia; Kordel, Stefan; Geiselhart, Klaus (2015)

Kulturgeographisches Geländepraktikum – Leitfaden. Erlanger Skripte zum Geographiestudium - Gebauer, Matthias; Geiselhart, Klaus; Fürmaier, Peter; Haferburg, Christoph; Kaplan, Lena; Kieslinger, Julia; Kordel, Stefan; Kress, Martina; Lendl, Jonas; Orlowski, Benedikt Marko; Pohle, Perdita; Schnorr, Kristina; et al. (2015)

„Kunst und Kultur im Nazibau". Das Kulturzentrum Z-Bau zwischen Gegenwartskultur und Erinnerungsarbeit. - Braun, Johann; Kühnlein, Philipp (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2018)
Nach langjährigen Diskussionen eröffnete Ende 2015 das Kulturzentrum „Z-Bau – Haus für Gegenwartskultur“ in einer ehemaligen SS-Kaserne am Rande des Reichsparteitagsgeländes in Nürnberg. Insbesondere in einer Stadt wie Nürnberg, welche mit einem großen baulichen Erbe der NS-Zeit konfrontiert ist, stellt sich die Frage nach dem „richtigen“ Umgang mit eben diesen Gebäuden. Wie geht ein Kulturzentrum, welches sich als „Haus für Gegenwartskultur“ versteht, mit der Geschichte des eigenen Gebäudes um? In der Studie wird mittels einer korpusanalytischen Untersuchung, sowie durch mehrere Interviews mit Nutzer_innen des Areals zentrale Positionen in der Debatte rund um den Stellenwert des historischen Gebäudes nachgezeichnet. Es zeigt sich, dass der Z-Bau, im Gegensatz zu den übrigen Gebäuden des Reichsparteitagsgeländes, in der aktuellen Nutzung nicht als Erinnerungsort konzipiert wird und die Historie des Gebäudes in der heutigen Nutzungsform nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Vielmehr steht das Areal, trotz dessen Größe, mittlerweile geographisch, wie medial im Abseits der großen Erinnerungsökonomien in Nürnberg. Trotzdem finden sich im Z-Bau deutlich sichtbare historische Querverweise, welche eine erinnerungspolitische Auseinandersetzung nötig machen.<br
Keywords: Erinnerungsorte; Nationalsozialismus; Nürnberg; Reichsparteitagsgelände; Kulturzentrum; Z-Bau; Nutzungsdebatte; kollektives Gedächtnis; Merrell-Barracks

Kurz-Expertise „Wechselwirkungen, Steuerungsmaßnahmen und Handlungsempfehlungen: Vielfalt von Zuwanderung und Entwicklung ländlicher Räume“ - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (2020)
Zuwanderungsprozesse in ländliche Räume und ihre Protagonisten sind vielfältig und bieten die Chance, ländliche Gebiete zukunftsfest zu machen. Die Kurz-Expertise bringt Zuwanderungsprozesse mit Fragen ländlicher Entwicklung in Verbindung und verknüpft Auswirkungen in den Bereichen Wohnen, Arbeiten, Gesundheit, Bildung und Sprache, räumliche Mobilität und soziale und politische Teilhabe mit den Herausforderungen und Chancen von Zuwanderung. Good Practice-Beispiele, die auf Anwerbung von potentiellen Rückkehrern und Neuzuwandernden sowie das Halten von Neuzugewanderten in der Region abzielen, zeigen, dass vor Ort bereits diverse Maßnahmen umgesetzt werden, die diese Personen unterstützen. Die Kurz-Expertise formuliert abschließend Handlungsempfehlungen für einen ganzheitlichen Umgang mit dem Thema Zuwanderung auf dem Land, die sich an Akteure aus Politik, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft richte
Keywords: Einwanderungsgesellschaft; Zuwanderung; Migration; ländliche Räume; ländliche Entwicklung

Kurz-Expertise „Wohnen von Neuzugewanderten in ländlichen Räumen. Mehr als nur ein Dach über dem Kopf - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (2023)

La gouvernance transfrontalière - territoire(s) et territorialité(s) - Chilla, Tobias; Evrard, Estelle; Schulz, Christian (Le travail frontalier: Pratiques, enjeux et perspectives, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.lagouv

Land Cover Change in the Abuja City-Region, Nigeria: Integrating GIS and Remotely Sensed Data to Support Land Use Planning - Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu; Gollnow, Florian; Nielsen, Jonas O.; Lakes, Tobia; Walker, Blake (Sustainability, 2019)
Rapid urban expansion is a significant contributor to land cover change and poses a challenge to environmental sustainability, particularly in less developed countries. Insufficient data about urban expansion hinders effective land use planning. Therefore, a high need to collect, process, and disseminate land cover data exists. This study focuses on urban land cover change detection using Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing methods to produce baseline information in support for land use planning. We applied a supervised classification of land cover of LANDSAT data from 1987, 2002, and 2017. We mapped land cover transitions from 1987 to 2017 and computed the net land cover change during this time. Finally, we analyzed the mismatches between the past and current urban land cover and land use plans and quantified the non-urban development area lost to urban/built-up. Our results indicated an increase in urban/built-up and bare land cover types, while vegetation land cover decreased. We observed mismatches between past/current land cover and the existing land use plan. By providing detailed insights into mismatches between the regional land use plan and unregulated urban expansion, this study provides important information for a critical debate on the role and effectiveness of land use planning for environmental sustainability and sustainable urban development, particularly in less developed countries.

Land cover change in the Andes of southern Ecuador-Patterns and drivers - Curatola Fernández, Giulia; Obermeier, Wolfgang; Gerique, Andrés; López Sandoval, María; Lehnert, Lukas; Thies, Boris; Bendix, Jörg (Remote Sensing, 2015)
In the megadiverse tropical mountain forest in the Andes of southern Ecuador, a global biodiversity hotspot, the use of fire to clear land for cattle ranching is leading to the invasion of an aggressive weed, the bracken fern, which is threatening diversity and the provisioning of ecosystem services. To find sustainable land use options adapted to the local situation, a profound knowledge of the long-term spatiotemporal patterns of land cover change and its drivers is necessary, but hitherto lacking. The complex topography and the high cloud frequency make the use of remote sensing in this area a challenge. To deal with these conditions, we pursued specific pre-processing steps before classifying five Landsat scenes from 1975 to 2001. Then, we quantified land cover changes and habitat fragmentation, and we investigated landscape changes in relation to key spatial elements (altitude, slope, and distance from roads). Good classification results were obtained with overall accuracies ranging from 94.5% to 98.5% and Kappa statistics between 0.75 and 0.98. Forest was strongly fragmented due to the rapid expansion of the arable frontier and the even more rapid invasion by bracken. Unexpectedly, more bracken-infested areas were converted to pastures than vice versa, a practice that could alleviate pressure on forests if promoted. Road proximity was the most important spatial element determining forest loss, while for bracken the altitudinal range conditioned the degree of invasion in deforested areas. The annual deforestation rate changed notably between periods: 1.5% from 1975 to 1987, 0.8% from 1987 to 2000, and finally a very high rate of 7.5% between 2000 and 2001. We explained these inconstant rates through some specific interrelated local and national political and socioeconomic drivers, namely land use policies, credit and tenure incentives, demography, and in particular, a severe national economic and bank crisis.
Keywords: Andes; Attractors of landscape change; Bracken fern; Deforestation drivers; Ecuador; Fragmentation; Image pre-processing; Land cover change; Landsat; Remote sensing

Landforms, sediments, soils and palaeosols as records of present and former environmental conditions and human-environment interactions - Lucke, Bernhard; Sauer, Daniela; Bronnikova, Maria; Hirsch, Florian; Mcdonald, Eric (Quaternary international, 2019)
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-26

Landscape change in Southern Ecuador: An indicator-based and multi-temporal evaluation of land use and land cover in a mixed-use protected area - López, Santiago; López-Sandoval, María Fernanda; Gerique, Andrés; Salazar, Joel (Ecological Indicators, 2020)
In this study, we evaluate landscape composition and configuration changes between 1989 and 2016 associated with the establishment and downsizing of the Corazón de Oro Protective Forest, a mixed-use protected area in the tropical Andes of Southern Ecuador. We identify the most significant land use/land cover changes and the implications for management and conservation linked to these two events. We rely on remote sensing, landscape indicators, statistical analysis, and expert knowledge to evaluate landscape structure. This combination of methods allowed us to quantify diversity, evenness, proportional abundance, dominance, surface area, and isolation trajectories to assess compositional and configurational differences marked by the protected area's creation and downsizing. While we found that landscape composition remained relatively unchanged over time, the creation of the protected area significantly altered landscape configuration but curbed human pressure on evergreen montane habitats. The downsizing event increased anthropogenic pressure on highland páramo vegetation. Our findings demonstrate that some aspects of landscape configuration vary independently of composition. Most importantly, however, we show that protected area formation and downsizing can significantly alter the spatial arrangement and size of transitional areas, which, in turn, may affect landscape dynamics with implications for energy flow and habitat function. The suite of landscape metrics used in this study are effective indicators that can assist managers monitor the performance of mixed-use protected areas.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-04-17
Keywords: Composition and configuration; Downsizing; Landscape indicators; Remote sensing; Southern Ecuador

Landscape History, Vegetation History, and Past Human Impacts - Rodriguez, Fernando; Bräuning, Achim; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Behling, Hermann; Volland, Franziska (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, 2013)
Three pollen profiles reveal vegetation changes during the past 16,500 years of the Podocarpus National Park (PNP) in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. Andean glaciers retreated after the Last Glacial Maximum and the Younger Dryas cold interval, accompanied by a marked decline of páramo vegetation between 11660 and 4280 b.p., and the expansion of subpáramo vegetation. Polylepis was widespread during the warm early Holocene, whereupon páramo vegetation increased after 4200 b.p. The upper montane forest became abundant after 4200 b.p., and an increase of páramo taxa since 500 b.p. indicates moister climate since then. Charcoal particle concentration maxima are evident between 1800 to 1600 b.p. and 600 to 400 b.p. The mountain region became permanently settled at the end of the nineteenth century when the exploitation of natural resources was initiated. Decadal variations in ring-width chronology from Cedrela montana are possibly related to large-scale atmospheric pressure variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

Landschaftsplanung von Haaren C. - Bräuning, Achim (2006)

Land tenure, food security, gender and urbanization in Northern Ghana - Nchanji, Eileen Bogweh; Chagomoka, Takemore; Bellwood-Howard, Imogen; Drescher, Axel; Schareika, Nikolaus; Schlesinger, Johannes (Land Use Policy, 2023)
Links between land tenure and food and nutritional insecurity are receiving increased attention. Nevertheless, urban and periurban dwellers face challenges in accessing land to produce food for subsistence and sale. An ethnographic study and food and nutrition insecurity survey were conducted between October 2013 and November 2014 in Tamale, Northern Region of Ghana, to explore the dynamic and recursive links between land access, food access and the ability to maintain resources to meet long-term needs. Results showed that infrastructural development and agriculture compete for land. The shortage of land for agricultural purposes was pronounced in urban areas (20%) than in periurban areas (1.3%) and rural areas (0%). Food insecure households were more likely to name a lack of land than anything else as the primary reason for their inability to grow crops (Fisher's exact probability = 0.040). Urban and periurban dwellers cope with the constraints posed in the communal tenure system by using strategies such as urban–periurban-rural migrant farming and buffer zone cultivation. The role of women in providing nutritious soups is especially important, and they use various mechanisms to circumvent their lack of access to land and provide food for the household. Political, economic and cultural elements thus interact to constitute the link between land and food.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-08-11
Keywords: Food and nutritional insecurity; Gender; Land tenure; Northern Ghana; Urban and periurban agriculture

Land Use and Land Cover Mapping in Europe. Application and Development - Braun, Matthias (., 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.procee

Land use and land cover transformation and its implication on land degradation: The case of Modjo watershed, Ethiopia - Gessesse, Berhan; Bewket, Woldeamlak; Bräuning, Achim (Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation, 2019)
Appraisals of land use/land cover (LULC) transformation and its implication on land degradation provide good insights for watershed management. In this study, we quantified LULC transformation process and its implication on land degradation. Remotely sensed datasets were used and “Post Classification Comparison” change detection method was employed. The result of the study indicated that all LULC classifications fulfilled the minimum mapping quality standard. About 370.23km2 of different vegetation cover class was transformed into other land use systems, and an expansion of urban, cultivated, and bare lands were observed since 1973. Moreover, cultivated and bare lands have been extensively encroached onto the marginal areas even on slopes steeper than 30% and in higher elevation zones of Yerer Mountain (3060m.a.s.l.), indicating a tendency to further land resource degradation and generating an enormous amount of surface runoff and sediment production. As a result, the Modjo watershed landscape is highly vulnerable to land degradation. Thus, the interaction of human activities with LULC units can be reliably monitored to device land resource conservation, management, and utilization strategies, and support policy-making process for realizing sustainable land use practices.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-20
Keywords: Change detection; Ethiopian Highlands; LULC transformation; Modjo watershed; Remote sensing

Land use changes in the rural-urban fringe: An Israeli case study - Bittner, Christian; Sofer, Michael (Land Use Policy, 2013)
The paper analyses the changing pattern of land uses in rural settlements located in the rural-urban fringe and makes a link between the results to socio-economic developments and to changes in the rural policy at the national level. Using historical sequences of land use maps and using geostatistical analysis, we observe changing land use patterns in three Moshav type settlements - the most common type of rural settlement in Israel - in three different rural-urban fringes belts along the coastal area. We identify basic trends of specialisation and intensification of agricultural land use as well as expansion of built up structures for residential and commercial purposes. These trends which are rather similar for all three cases, we argue, reflect economic and social changes in rural settlements in general and in the rural-urban fringe in particular. The evolving patterns in the three Moshavim in the Israeli rural-urban fringe (RUF) can be understood as adjustment measures at the household level to development and changing policies at the macro level, particularly towards the rural sector. There are two major domains of change. First, a transition from dependence on farming to a more diversified economic base suggesting newly shaped interrelationships with the urban space. Second, a new residential development program which has rejuvenated failing and ageing rural settlements. The outcome is a major process of restructuring which affects the economic, social and environmental spheres, and necessitates sensitivity on the part of institutional decision makers towards the complex and diverse realities of relevant actors on the ground, through which all current and future land use policies are mediated. Moreover, being exposed to uncontrolled and often chaotic adjustment measures over the last three decades, it might be necessary to regulate and preserve some of the Moshav's distinct features so it does not to fade into an 'ordinary suburb'. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2013.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.landus
Keywords: Israel; Land use; Moshav; Rural-urban fringe

Land Use Land Cover Mapping in Europe. Praxis & Trends - Manakos, Ioannis; Braun, Matthias (Springer, 2014)

Large-eddy simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer over an Alpine glacier: Impact of synoptic flow direction and governing processes - Goger, Brigitta; Stiperski, Ivana; Nicholson, Lindsey; Sauter, Tobias (Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2022)
The mass balance of mountain glaciers is of interest for several applications (e.g., local hydrology or climate projections), and turbulent fluxes can be an important contributor to glacier surface mass balance during strong melting events. The underlying complex terrain leads to spatial heterogeneity and non-stationarity of turbulent fluxes. Owing to the contribution of thermally induced flows and gravity waves, exchange mechanisms are fully three-dimensional, instead of only vertical. Additionally, glaciers have their own distinct microclimate, governed by a down-glacier katabatic wind, which protects the glacier ice and interacts with the surrounding flows on multiple scales. In this study, we perform large-eddy simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model at a horizontal grid spacing of 48 m to gain insight into the boundary-layer processes over an Alpine valley glacier, the Hintereisferner. We choose two case studies from the Hintereisferner experiment measurement campaign with different synoptic wind directions (southwest and northwest). Model evaluation with an array of eddy-covariance stations on the glacier tongue and surroundings reveals that the Weather Research and Forecasting model is able to simulate the general glacier boundary-layer structure. Under a southwesterly airflow, the down-glacier wind is supported by the synoptic wind parallel to the glacier axis, a stable boundary layer is present over the ice surface, and local processes govern the turbulence kinetic energy production. Under northwesterly airflow, a cross-glacier valley flow and a breaking gravity wave lead to strong turbulent mixing and to the subsequent erosion of the glacier boundary layer. Stationarity analysis of the sensible heat flux suggests non-stationary behaviour for both case study days, whereas non-stationarity is highest on the northwesterly day during the gravity-wave event. These results suggest that the synoptic wind direction has, in addition to upstream topography and the atmospheric stability, a strong impact on whether a local glacier boundary layer can form or not, influencing whether a glacier is able to maintain its own microclimate.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15
Keywords: boundary layer; complex terrain; glacier; gravity waves; land–atmosphere exchange; large-eddy simulation; WRF

Las plantas medicinales y su uso en el sur del Ecuador - Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (Miradas desde la geografía,arquitectura, territorio hacia la salud pública, 2009)