Erfolgreiche Literatursuche mit der Internetversion von Geodok - Hübner, Thomas (Geographischer Rundschlag, 2000)

Erfolgreiche Literatursuche mit ELIS - Hübner, Thomas (Geographischer Rundschlag, 1995)

Erfolgreiche Literatursuche mit Geodok - Hübner, Thomas (Geographischer Rundschlag, 1995)

ERH 2030 – Den demografischen Wandel aktiv gestalten Dokumentation der vier Regionalkonferenzen zum demografischen Wandel im Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt - Chilla, Tobias; Neufeld, Markus; Heugel, Anna (2015)

Erlebnis Sternenhimmel : eine Anleitung zur erfolgreichen Himmelserkundung. München 1999 - Hübner, Thomas (2000)

Erlebnistouren mit Kindern - nördliches Franken : 40 Wanderungen, Stadtspaziergänge und Kanutouren. München 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Erlebte Raumfahrt : Schauplätze und Begegnungen. Frankfurtt am Main 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1991)

Ernährungszustand gutwüchsiger Fichten und Tannen eines Bergmischwaldes im Flysch (Tegernseer Alpen) - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Forstwirtschaftliches Centralblatt, 1995)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1995.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.ernhru

Erratum to: Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE (Nature Communications, (2018), 9, 1, (3605), 10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0) - Buntgen, Ulf; Wacker, Lukas; Galvan, J. Diego; Arnold, Stephanie; Arseneault, Dominique; Baillie, Michael; Beer, Jurg; Bernabei, Mauro; Bleicher, Niels; Boswijk, Gretel; Bräuning, Achim; Carrer, Marco; et al. (Nature Communications, 2018)

Estimating ice discharge of the Antarctic Peninsula using different ice-thickness datasets - Shahateet, Kaian; Navarro, Francisco; Seehaus, Thorsten; Fürst, Johannes; Braun, Matthias (Annals of Glaciology, 2023)
The Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) has become a significant contributor to sea-level rise over recent decades. Accurately estimating the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS is crucial to quantify the mass balance of the Antarctic Peninsula. We here compute the ice discharge from the outlet glaciers of the APIS north of 70S for the five most widely used ice-thickness reconstructions, using a common surface velocity field and a common set of flux gates, so the differences in ice discharge can be solely attributed to the differences in ice thickness at the flux gates. The total volumetric ice discharge for 2015–2017 ranges within 45–141 km3 a−1, depending on the ice-thickness model, with a mean of 87 ± 44 km3 a−1. The substantial differences between the ice-discharge results, and a multi-model normalized root-mean-squared deviation of 0.91 for the whole data set, reveal large differences and inconsistencies between the ice-thickness models, giving an indication of the large uncertainty in the current ice-discharge estimates for the APIS. This manifests a fundamental problem of the region: the scarcity of appropriate ice-thickness measurements and the difficulty of the current models to reconstruct the ice-thickness distribution in this complex region.<br
Keywords: Antarctic glaciology; glacier discharge; ice thickness measurements

Estimating surface melt and runoff on the Antarctic Peninsula using ERA-Interim reanalysis data - Costi, Juliana; Arigony-Neto, Jorge; Braun, Matthias; Barrand, Nick; Mavlyudov, B; Da Silva, A B; Simoes, Jefferson Cardia; Marques, WC (Antarctic Science, 2018)

Estimating the impact of forest use on biodiversity in protected areas of developing tropical regions - Faude, Ulrike; Feilhauer, Hannes; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (Erdkunde, 2010)
Summary: In many developing tropical regions, especially indigenous people are often deprived of their traditional land use rights due to the establishment of protected areas. This conservation practice jeopardizes people's livelihoods and ultimately counteracts conservation efforts by provoking illegal use of natural resources. Thus, approaches that consider local livelihood needs in conservation planning are of high importance. In this regard, methods to quantify human impact on conservation-relevant biodiversity features, e.g., species richness, are required to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of current management practices and to facilitate tradeoffs between land use and nature conservation. We introduce an approach that draws on the degree of human-induced forest fragmentation as a proxy for land use intensity. Quantitative information on forest fragmentation was obtained by applying landscape metrics on satellite imagery. We analyzed relations between this proxy and vascular plant species data from an Indian protected area. In our case, species richness on a local scale was only marginally affected by forest fragmentation. However, ongoing land use throughout the reserve resulted in distinct alterations of species composition and promotion of biological invasion.
Keywords: Conservation; Forest fragmentation; Indigenous people; Land use; Landscape metrics; Protected area; Species composition; Species richness

Estimating vegetation cover from high-resolution satellite data to assess grassland degradation in the Georgian Caucasus - Wiesmair, Martin; Feilhauer, Hannes; Magiera, Anja; Otte, Annette; Waldhardt, Rainer (Mountain Research and Development, 2016)
Keywords: Caucasus; erosion; Georgia; Grassland degradation; MSAVI2; NDVI; overgrazing; WorldView-2

Estimation of crop yield by the combined use of optical and microwave remote sensing time series - Braun, Matthias; et al. (ESA ENVISAT Symposium 2007, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.estima

Estudio anatómico de Podocarpus oleifolius D. Don ex Lamb del sur del Ecuador - Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo; Maza Chamba, Héctor; Bräuning, Achim (Revista Bosques Latitud Cero, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.estudi

Ethnographische Ansätze zur Analyse diskursiver Praxis – Konzeptionelle und methodologische Überlegungen - Winkler, Jan; Tijé-Dra, Andreas; Baumann, Christoph (Handbuch Diskurs und Raum – Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung, 2021)

EU-Richtlinie Fauna, Flora, Habitate - Umsetzungsprobleme und Erklärungsansätze - Chilla, Tobias (DISP, 2005)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.eurich

Europa in Luxemburg - Europäische Institutionen in Luxemburg - Chilla, Tobias (Atlas du Luxembourg/Luxemburg-Atlas, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.europa

Europäisierung aus räumlicher Perspektive? Konzeptionelle Beiträge und Potenziale - Chilla, Tobias (Europa Regional, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.europi

Europäisierung durch das ESPON-Programm? Raumbeobachtung" im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Politik - Chilla, Tobias (Geographie für eine Welt im Wandel, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.europi

Europas Vorstoss ins All : Entwicklung, Projekte und Pläne bis zum Jahr 2000. Stuttgart 1989 - Hübner, Thomas (1990)

European Integration Processes in the EU GI System—A Long-Term Review of EU Regulation for GIs - Schober, Karola; Balling, Richard; Chilla, Tobias; Lindermayer, Hannah (Sustainability, 2023)
Prosciutto di Parma, Bavarian beer and Roquefort—Geographical Indications (GIs) have been systematically protected at the EU level for 30 years and are now an important part of the farm2fork strategy. The article analyses how the integration of the EU GI system can be explained from an institution and discourse theoretical perspective and ties in with the soft spaces debate. In doing so, scalar shifts in competence from a German perspective and the role of discursive spatial relations are examined in more detail. The empirical results are based on a mix of methods that includes the evaluation of secondary statistical data, document analyses, participant observation and expert interviews. The study shows that the European Commission (EC) is increasingly acting as a spokesperson for GIs, but that regional actors are also playing a more important role in implementation and enforcement. This development is fed by the influence of the agricultural policy instrument in terms of competition, but also consumer protection and trade policy. Overall, there are three development layers: protect and systematise, legitimise and expand and open and defend. A more independent development of the EU GI system as an instrument of quality policy and for the development of rural areas could give greater weight to the sustainability-relevant, environmental policy aspects currently demanded by society.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-02-24
Keywords: CAP; European integration; Geographical Indications; institutional spillover; regional food; regional products; soft spaces

Europeanisation and macro-regional cooperation – Nine points for discussion - Chilla, Tobias; Sielker, Franziska (Proceedings – Conference on the EU Strategy for the Danube Region: Challenges and Chances 2014 – 2020, 2015)

Europeanizing territoriality - towards soft spaces? - Allmendinger, Philip; Chilla, Tobias; Sielker, Franziska (Environment and planning A, 2014)

Europeanizing territoriality—towards soft spaces? - Allmendinger, Phil; Chilla, Tobias; Sielker, Franziska (Environment and planning A, 2020)
This paper explores the coexistence of relational and territorial spaces—soft spaces—through the experiences of EU integration and territorialization. First, we seek a better understanding of EU integration through an engagement with the literature and research on soft spaces. We propose that EU integration is best understood as involving an interplay between territorial and relational understandings and approaches that vary through time, a variation that can be categorized as involving pooled territoriality, supraterritoriality, and nonterritoriality. Second, we seek to add to the current research and literature on soft spaces by focusing upon the changing character of soft spaces and their temporalities. We approach these two dimensions through an exploration of two ex post case studies, the development of which typically shows different stages of softening, hardening, and of differing degrees of Europeanization. With the focus on Europeanization, the paper concludes with three findings: the new spaces of European territoriality are characterized by, first, temporal dynamics, second, their parallel existence with ‘hard’ spaces, and, finally, they can be employed as a political tool.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-19
Keywords: Europeanization; Habitats Directive; Macroregions; Soft spaces; Territoriality

Evaluating and monitoring macro-regional strategies - Sielker, Franziska; Chilla, Tobias (2017)

EVALUATING the QUALITY of PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT-CLOUDS in CHALLENGING GEO-ENVIRONMENTS - A CASE STUDY in AN ALPINE VALLEY - Karantanellis, E.; Arav, R.; Dille, A.; Lippl, Stefan; Marsy, G.; Torresani, L.; Oude Elberink, S. (International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 2020)
Precise and accurate three-dimensional geospatial data has become increasingly available thanks to advances in both Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry (SfM). These tools provide valuable information for mapping geomorphological features and detect surface changes in mountainous environments. The exploitation of 3D point-clouds has been proven tremendously useful in the field of geosciences. It remains, however, controversial whether cost efficient photogrammetry can provide as accurate and reliable geospatial information as the significantly more expensive laser scanning or not. In this study, a rockfall case site in the territory of Obergurgl, Austria, is investigated in order to provide answers to the above question in a complex environment. The analysis includes different terrestrial photogrammetry configurations aiming to comprehensively define the strengths and limitations of terrestrial photogrammetry over TLS. The latter constitutes an optimized methodology that provides guidelines for costly future assessments as part of the site investigation phase in geohazard management. There are no doubts that compared to traditional and conventional surveying methods TLS and Photogrammetry both offer products much faster and with a much higher data density. In the current study, we show that when photogrammetry is applied following a well-defined optimized strategy, it can be potentially an adequate alternative to more costly TLS datasets for mass movement assessment and monitoring purposes.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-09-25
Keywords: Ground-based Photogrammetry; Mass Movement; Rockfall characterisation; Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry; Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Evaluation of Different Pooling Methods to Establish a Multi-Century delta O-18 Chronology for Paleoclimate Reconstruction - Foroozan, Zeynab; Grießinger, Jussi; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Bräuning, Achim (Geosciences, 2019)
To develop multi-century stable isotope chronologies from tree rings, pooling techniques are applied to reduce laboratory costs and time. However, pooling of wood samples from different trees may have adverse effects on the signal amplitude in the final isotope chronology. We tested different pooling approaches to identify the method that is most cost-efficient, without compromising the ability of the final chronology to reflect long-term climate variability as well as climatic extreme years. As test material, we used delta O-18 data from juniper trees (Juniperus polycarpus) from Northern Iran. We compared inter-tree and shifted 5-year blocks serial pooling of stable isotope series from 5 individual trees and addition of one single series to a shifted serial pooled chronology. The inter-tree pooled chronology showed the strongest climate sensitivity and most synchronous delta O-18 variations with the individual tree ring analyses, while the shifted block chronologies showed a marked decline in high-frequency signals and no correlations with climate variables of the growth year. Combinations of block-pooled and single isotope series compensated the high-frequency decline but added tree-individual climatic signals. Therefore, we recommend pooling calendar synchronous tree rings from individual trees as a viable alternative to individual-tree isotope measurements for robust paleoclimate reconstructions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-07-19

Evaluation of geochemical proxies and radiocarbon data from a loess record of the Upper Palaeolithic site Kammern-Grubgraben, Lower Austria - Reiss, Lilian; Stüwe, Christian; Einwogerer, Thomas; Handel, Marc; Maier, Andreas; Meng, Stefan; Pasda, Kerstin; Simon, Ulrich; Zolitschka, Bernd; Mayr, Christoph (E&G : Quaternary Science Journal, 2022)
Two loess sections from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kammern-Grubgraben (Lower Austria) were analysed to test geochemical proxies, as well as radiocarbon data of different components, for their reliability and consistency in an archaeological context. Only a reliable basal age (28.9-27.8 ka cal BP) was obtained from charcoal fragments derived from a tundra gley underlying the archaeological horizons and assigned to Greenland Interstadials 3 or 4. Grain size, organic and inorganic geochemistry, and stable isotopes of the fine organic fraction (delta C-13(org)) and of rhizoconcretions (delta C-13, delta O-18) were analysed to provide information on palaeoenvironmental conditions. Low-resolution geochemical and sedimentological analyses document a humidity-related variability, while delta C-13(org) values indicate predominant C-3 vegetation. High-resolution elemental variations derived from X-ray fluorescence scanning exhibit increasing Ca and decreasing Fe and Ti values, indicating drier conditions towards the top. Secondary pedogenic carbonate concretions provide post-sedimentary (Holocene) ages and are not suitable for assessing climate and environmental changes for the Palaeolithic.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-03-18

Evaluation of GRFM JERS-1 SAR imagery for coarse-scale land cover classification in Benin (West Africa) - Braun, Matthias; et al. (2nd EAESeL SIG Workshop Remote Sensing in Developing Countries, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.evalua

Evaluation of gridding procedures for air temperature over Southern Africa - Eiselt, Kai Uwe; Kaspar, Frank; Mölg, Thomas; Krähenmann, Stefan; Posada, R.; Riede, Jens-Olaf (Advances in Science and Research, 2017)

Evaluation of Tree Growth Relevant Atmospheric Circulation Patterns for Geopotential Height Field Reconstructions for Asia - Bräuning, Achim; et al. (Journal of Climate, 2018)
Atmospheric circulations influence local and regional weather conditions and, thus, tree growth. To identify summer weather types relevant for tree growth, and their associated synoptic-scale circulation patterns, an atmospheric circulation tree ring index (ACTI) dataset, derived from 414 tree-ring sites across Asia spanning the period 1871-2010, was created. Modes of common variability in the ACTI dataset were compared with leading modes of observed summertime 500-hPa geopotential height. The first four ACTI modes (explaining 88% of the total variance) were associated with pressure centers over Eurasia, the tropics, and the Pacific Ocean. The high spatiotemporal resemblance between the leading circulation modes, derived from both tree rings and 500-hPa geopotential height fields, indicates a strong potential for reconstructing large-scale circulation patterns from tree rings in Asia. This would allow investigations of natural atmospheric circulation variability prior to anthropogenic climate change and provide a means to validate model simulations of climate predictions.
Keywords: Asia; Atmospheric circulation; Synoptic climatology; Biosphere-atmosphere interaction; Climate classification; regimes; Paleoclimate

Everts, Jonathan 2008: Konsum und Multikulturalität im Stadtteil. Eine sozialgeographische Analyse migrantengeführter Lebensmittelgeschäfte. transcript Verlag: Bielefeld. - Elrick, Tim (2015)

Evidence for a late Holocene warm and humid climate period and environmental characteristics in the arid zones of northwest China during 2.2 ∼ 1.8 kyr B.P. - Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Yafeng, Shi; Chen, Fahu (Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 2004)
Natural archives like ice cores, tree rings, river and lake sediments, lake terraces, and paleosols and also historical documents witness aspects of climate change in northwestern China during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties (206 B.C.–220 A.D.). Reconstructions of decadal averages of annual mean temperature and precipitation fluctuations were derived from variations of δ18O and net accumulation rates in the Guliya ice core. They revealed a period of higher temperatures and higher precipitation than today, which affected vast areas of northwestern China during the period of interest until the fifth century A.D. These conditions resulted in a marked increase in the discharge of big endorheic river systems, such as the Tarim, the Keriya and the Manas rivers. As a consequence, water levels in appendant terminal lakes rose, e.g., at Lop Nor, Manas Lake, and Baijian Hu. Lake surface areas expanded, and lake desalting occurred also at lakes in intermontane basins, such as Balikun Hu and Qinghai Lake. The warm and moist conditions during the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties might have been responsible for the large-scale agricultural production and the local socioeconomic boom that is documented by the occurrence of the famous ruin groups of Loulan, Niya, and Keriya. The following desiccation phase led to a deterioration of water resources, and most oases tended to dry out and were finally abandoned. The appearance, development, flourishing, and final abandonment of each great ruin group are closely associated with regional climate change at that time.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.eviden_0

Evidence for a warm-humid climate in arid northwestern China during 40–30 ka BP - Yang, Bao; Yafeng, Shi; Bräuning, Achim (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004)
Former shorelines and sedimentary records from several lake basins in northwestern China (Xinjiang, Qinghai) give evidence for warm and humid climatic conditions during 40–30 ka BP. Further indications of this favorable climate period are derived from palaeosols from the Ili loess and from cemented calcareous layers on the terraces of the Keriya River at the southern margin of the Tarim Basin and in the Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia. At that time, annual mean temperature in the Qaidam Basin was 2 °C higher and in the western part of Inner Mongolia even 2–3 °C higher than today. Precipitation in most parts of northwestern China was between 60–300 mm greater than today. These changes were probably a consequence of an increase in ocean surface temperature and evaporation resulting from a higher radiation input at middle and low latitudes caused by changes in the Earth's precessional cycle. As a result of these orbital changes, it is suggested that the intensified westerly circulation was responsible for increased moisture over northwestern China.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.eviden

Evidence for isovolumetric replacement in some terra rossa profiles of Northern Jordan - Bäumler, Rupert; Lucke, Bernhard; Kemnitz, Helga (Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 2012)
We investigated the rock-soil transition zones of three different Terra Rossa profiles near the ancient site of Abila, in northern Jordan, in order to demonstrate the possibility of a metasomatic origin for these soils using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive system (EDS). The field interpretation suggested that the first Terra Rossa might partially have formed by isovolumetric replacement, the second appeared to represent mainly the residue of the underlying limestone, and the third seemed to be derived from colluvial material. However, all investigated rock-soil transition zones showed microfossils that had partially been replaced by clay, which could be geochemically confirmed using EDS. The replacement matrix was free of detrital clay and revealed a jelly-like, amorphous structure. Large phyllosilicates, some rare feldspars, and heavy minerals that occurred throughout the investigated rock-soil transition zones are probably remains of sandy interlayers in the weathered limestone. We conclude that isovolumetric replacement contributes to Terra Rossa formation in northern Jordan although it is not yet possible to quantify the extent of its contribution or the sources that supply the elements triggering the pressure-driven growth of clay minerals.
Keywords: Isovolumetric replacement; Metasomatism; Micromorphology; Rock-soil transition; Terra rossa

Evidence for sea spray effect on oxygen stable isotopes in bone phosphate — Approximation and correction using Gaussian Mixture Model clustering - Göhring, Andrea; Mauder, Markus; Kröger, Peer; Mayr, Christoph; von Carnap-Bornheim, Claus; Hilberg, Volker; Grupe, Gisela (Science of the Total Environment, 2019)
Palaeobiodiversity research based on stable isotope analysis in coastal environments can be severely hampered by the so-called “sea spray” effect. This effect shifts the isotopic signal of terrestrial individuals towards too marine values. It is commonly agreed upon that sea spray influences sulphur stable isotopes. However, we were able to approximate a remarkable sea spray effect also in carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of bone carbonate previously. In the present study we could approximate a minimum sea spray effect of about 13.9% even present in oxygen isotope values of bone phosphate, which was validated by Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering. This approximated value is by some magnitudes smaller than the minimum sea spray effect approximated for both δ 13 C carb and δ 18 O carb , and quite close to the sea spray detected for δ 34 S coll in a previous study. It may therefore be interpreted as purer minimum sea spray signal compared to the approximation in bone carbonate. Furthermore, detection of sea spray in δ 18 O phos can serve as additional validation of the effect present in bone carbonate, which is more prone to diagenetic alteration compared to bone phosphate. Moreover, the presence of the sea spray effect in both δ 18 O carb and δ 18 O phos demonstrates that sea spray can be taken up by terrestrial mammals not only via food (δ 18 O carb ) but also via drinking water (δ 18 O phos ). Finally, this study once more confirmed that calculation of δ 18 O phos from δ 18 O carb values using a fixed oxygen isotope spacing (Δδ 18 O) can be highly misleading, especially in coastal environments affected by sea spray.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-10
Keywords: Bone apatite; Cluster analysis: δ18O; Δδ18O; GMM; Oxygen isotope spacing

Evidence of middle Pleistocene glaciation in SW-Kamtchatka - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 1997)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1997.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.eviden

Excluding Effects of Cartographic Epistemologies - Thinking About Mapping Paradigms in OpenStreetMap and Wikimapia - Bittner, Christian; Glasze, Georg (Kartographische Nachrichten, 2018)
Although the emergence of collaborative online mapping platforms has radically lowered access barriers to cartographic practices, many studies have shown how participation in online mapping is biased socially towards more privileged groups and geographically towards higher income regions. Yet, exclusion-mechanisms beyond those socio-economic divides have hardly been considered so far. Adding one such possible cause of social exclusion that is not directly linked to socio-economic factors, this paper makes an argument for the consideration of cartographic epistemologies. We illustrate the exclusion-mechanisms of cartographic epistemologies through two exemplary case studies, focusing on the ground-truth agenda of OSM and on Wikimapia’s endeavor to describe the world.
Keywords: Critical Cartography; Epistemology; OpenStreetMap; VGI; Wikimapia

Exkursion - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Experiences of place-bound sociality amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of environment-related coping strategies - Stadlmeier, Anna; Kremer, Dominik; Walker, Blake (Erdkunde, 2022)

Explorative spatial analysis of the function of landscape in video games. - Kremer, Dominik; Sonnenwald, Daniel Harald; Walker, Blake (Fabrikation von Erkenntnis – Experimente in den Digital Humanities., 2022)

Exploring farmer perceptions of agroforestry via multi-objective optimisation: a test application in Eastern Panama - Gosling, Elizabeth; Reith, Esther; Knoke, Thomas; Gerique, Andrés; Paul, Carola (Agroforestry Systems, 2020)
Understanding farmers’ perceptions of and preferences towards agroforestry is essential to identify systems with the greatest likelihood of adoption to inform successful rural development projects. In this study we offer a novel approach for evaluating agroforestry systems from the farmer perspective. The approach couples rapid rural appraisal and normative optimisation techniques to determine favourable land-use compositions for meeting various socio-economic and ecological goals, based on farmers’ empirical knowledge and preferences. We test our approach among smallholder farmers in Eastern Panama, obtaining data from household interviews and using hierarchical cluster analysis to identify farm groups with similar land-use and income characteristics. We found that moderate differences in farmers’ perceptions between these groups altered the type and share of agroforestry included in the optimised land-use portfolios that balance the achievement of 10 pre-selected socio-economic and ecological objectives. Such differences provide valuable information about potential acceptability of agroforestry within each group. For example, we found that farmers who derive most of their farm income from crops may be more willing to adopt silvopasture, whereas farmers who are more economically dependent on cattle may benefit from diversifying their land-use with alley cropping. We discuss the potential of this modelling approach for participatory land-use planning, especially when dealing with small sample sizes and uncertainty in datasets.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-10
Keywords: Alley cropping; Hierarchical cluster analysis; Land allocation; Participatory rural appraisal; Robust optimisation; Silvopasture

Exploring the concept of maximum entropy production for the local atmosphere-glacier system - Mölg, Thomas (Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2015)
The concept of maximum entropy production (MEP) is closely linked to the second law of thermodynamics, which explains spontaneous processes in the universe. In geophysics, studies have argued that planetary atmospheres and various subsystems of Earth also operate at maximum dissipation through MEP. One of the debates, however, has concerned the degree of empirical support. This article extends the topic by considering measurements from a high-altitude, cold glacier in the tropical atmosphere and a numerical model, which represents the open and nonequilibrium system of glacier-air exchanges. Results reveal that several sensitive system parameters, which are mainly tied to the shortwave radiation budget, cause MEP states at values that coincide closely with the in situ observations. Parameters that set up the forcing of the whole system, however, do not show this pattern. Empirical support for the detection of MEP states, therefore, is limited to parameters that regulate the internal efficiency of energy flow in the glacier. System constraints are shown to affect the solutions, yet not critically in the case of the two most sensitive parameters. In terms of MEP and geophysical fluids, the results suggest that the local atmosphere-glacier system might be of relevance in the further discussion. For practical purposes, the results hold promise for using MEP in single or multiparameter optimization for process-based mass balance models of glaciers.

Export von Arbeitskräften als Entwicklungsstrategie? Deterritorialisierte Staatlichkeit, Transnationalisierung und staatliche Migrationsdiskurse in den Philippinen - Michel, Boris (Migration und Entwicklung, 2012)

Extreme ecological events in tree rings: environmental information on multiple time scales - Bräuning, Achim (Dimensions of ecology: from global change to molecular ecology Bayreuther Forum Ökologie 115, 2009)

Facetten des Ländlichen aus einer kulturgeographischen Perspektive. Die Beispiele Raumplanung und Landmagazine - Baumann, Christoph (Imaginäre Dörfer. Zur Wiederkehr des Dörflichen in Literatur, Film und Lebenswelt, 2014)

Facing moral dilemmas as a method: Teaching ethical research principles to geography students in higher education - Wintzer, Jeannine; Baumann, Christoph (Research Ethics in Human Geography, 2022)
Field diary entries of Fabienne Kaufmann, Master's student at the Geographical Institute of the University of Berne. The field diary entries cited here illustrate four geographical practices: First, surveying the earth, second, determining and attributing properties to territories, third, assigning persons and communities to local, regional or national spaces and fourth, in addition to the material products of surveying, attributing and locating, and as a consequence of geographical practices, (re)producing the power of passing on information from ‘others’. In collecting data in Kenya and evaluating it in Switzerland, the Master student whose fieldnotes are cited above experiences moral dilemmas that result from the conflicting demands of fulfilling the research tasks set by the research group, while at the same time adhering to morally correct actions. The student also recognises that the persons responsible for the project did not reflect on the research project, for example by questioning the goals pursued by the sponsors.<br
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-10-28

Fallschirmspringen für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene. 4., völlig neu überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. München 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Farmers’ Preferences of Proposed Land Use Options - Pohle, Perdita; López Sandoval, María; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (2012)

Faszinierende Astronomie : vom Sonnensystem bis an den Rand des Weltalls. Stuttgart 1988 - Hübner, Thomas (1988)

Fernerkundung - Glasze, Georg (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2015)

Fernsehsatelliten. Nürnberg 1990 - Hübner, Thomas (1990)

Fernwanderweg Fränkischer Gebirgsweg : vom Naturpark Frankenwald über das Fichtelgebirge und die Fränkische Schweiz in die Frankenalb. Rodingersdorf 2009 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Fernwanderweg Romantische Straße. Teil: 1: Von Würzburg nach Donauwörth. Rodingersdorf 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Feser, Volker: Ecuador. 7., komplett überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Feuerbacher, Berndt: Planeten : Missionen zu exotischen Welten. 2. Aufl. Stuttgart 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Fichtelgebirge : 50 Touren mit Höhenprofilen. Rum/Innsbruck 2008 - Hübner, Thomas (2008)

Fichtelgebirge : sprudelnde Quellen und Meere aus Stein / Martin Füßl ; Berthold Weber. Wiebelsheim 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2011)

Field observations on spatial variability of surface hoar at the basin scale - Feick, Sebastian; Kronholm, Kalle; Schweizer, Juerg (Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, 2007)
Surface hoar deposited on the snow surface represents, once buried by subsequent snowfall, one of the principal weak layers on which dry snow slab avalanches release. To predict instabilities caused by a buried surface hoar layer, its spatial extent needs to be known. Avalanche forecasting relies, among other things, on meteorological data from automatic stations. In principle, surface hoar formation can be predicted from these data. In order to study the spatial variation in surface hoar formation and destruction, daily observations were made during one winter at 23 locations of different aspect, slope inclination, and wind exposure within an area of about 3 km2. Four automatic weather stations were located within the study area: one on level terrain and three across a ridge. Despite the good instrumentation the correlation between surface hoar growth and calculated sublimation rate was poor. Distinct spatial patterns of surface hoar growth were found. Surface hoar crystals were frequently larger at the ridge site than in the surroundings of the automatic weather station on level terrain. The variation in surface hoar formation was mainly due to different prevailing wind regimes during the formation periods. The surroundings of the automatic weather station on level terrain were under the influence of local katabatic winds that dried up the air so that growth conditions were locally less favorable. Our observations suggest that predicting surface hoar formation for complex alpine terrain on the basis of data from an automatic weather station, the standard procedure in avalanche forecasting, seems nearly impossible unless at least the local wind regime is known at high resolution (≤10 m). For both surface hoar formation and surface hoar destruction observations suggest wind conditions to be most crucial for spatial variation. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Unio
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.fieldo
Keywords: avalanche; basin; hoar frost; snow; spatial variation; wind forcing

Field Seminar in the MATILDE Region Oberallgäu - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (2021)
MATILDE partners started their action researches for case studies in the field in the scope of Working Package 5 of the project. As part of the local case study in rural Bavaria, Germany, Tobias Weidinger and Stefan Kordel introduced the MATILDE region Oberallgäu to a group of around 20 geography students at The University Of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) in the course of a three-day field seminar. Stefan Kordel and Tobias Weidinger are reporting. </stron

Filme in der Hochschullehre. Wie audiovisuelle Medien in Lehrveranstaltungen eingesetzt werden können - Baumann, Christoph; Jahn, Dirk (2015)

Fine silt and clay mineralogical changes of a soil chronosequence in the Langtang valley (Central Nepal) - Bäumler, Rupert; Zech, Wolfgang; Madhikermi, Dhruba P. (Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 1997)
Chemical and raineralogical properties of a soil chronosequence in the high mountain zone between 3857 m and 4120 m a.s.l. in Central Nepal (Langtang valley) are presented. The soils have been developed in moraine deposits which consist of acid gneisses. They were classified as Entisols, and Spodosols. XRD analyses of the clay and fine silt fraction show increasing changes with distance from the recent Lirung glacier, depending on the time of deposition, resp. soil age. Alteration of illite to interstratified minerals and to hydroxy-Al interlayered minerals or pedogenic chlorite with increasing soil development could be observed. The interstratified minerals could be identified as random and regular illite-interlayered vermiculite mixed-layer minerals. Intensification of the X-ray signals of the fine silt fraction is given compared to the clay. With increasing soil development differences between the clay and fine silt fraction seem to increase. Indications are given of interstratification of the mica-pedogenic chlorite and chlorite-interlayered vermiculite type in the more intensively weathered soils. © VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1997.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1997.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.finesi

Firn layer impact on glacial runoff: a case study at Hofsjökull, Iceland - Braun, Matthias; Hock, Regine; Thorsteinsson, Thorstein; de Woul, Matthias; Johanesson, Tomas; Halldórsdóttir, S. (Hydrological Processes, 2006)
A mass balance-runoff model is applied to Hofsjökull, an 880 km2 ice cap in Iceland, in order to assess the importance of the firn layer for glacial runoff. The model is forced by daily temperature and precipitation data from a nearby meteorological station. Water is routed through the glacier using a linear reservoir model assuming different storage constants for firn, snow and ice. The model is calibrated and validated using mass balance data and satellite-derived snow facies maps. Simulated mass balances and snowline retreats are generally in good agreement with observations. Modelled cumulative mass balance for the entire ice cap over the period 1987/1988 to 2003/2004 is -7.3 m, with uninterrupted negative mass balances since 1993/1994. Perturbing the model with a uniform temperature (+1 K) and precipitation (+10%) increase yields static mass balance sensitivities of -0.95 m a-1 and +0.23 m a-1 respectively. Removing the firn layer under otherwise likewise conditions results in almost unchanged total runoff volumes, but yields a redistribution of discharge within the year. Early summer discharge (June to mid August) is amplified by roughly 5-10%, whereas late-summer/autumn discharge (mid August to November) is reduced by 15-20% as a result of accelerated water flow through the glacial hydrological system. In comparison, applying a climate-model-based temperature and precipitation scenario for Iceland until 2050 results in higher runoff throughout the year, increasing total runoff by roughly one-third. The results emphasize the role of the firn layer in delaying water flow through glaciers, and the influence on discharge seasonality when firn areas shrink in response to climate-change-induced glacier wastage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.firnla
Keywords: Climate change; Firn; Glacier mass balance; Glacier runoff; Hofsjökull; Iceland; Temperature index model

First indications of seasonal and spatial variations of water sources in pine trees along an elevation gradient in a Mediterranean ecosystem derived from δ18O - Szymczak, Sonja; Barth, Johannes; Bendix, Jörg; Huneau, Frédéric; Garel, Emilie; Häusser, Martin; Juhlke, Tobias; Knerr, Isabel; Santoni, Sébastien; Mayr, Christoph; Trachte, Katja; van Geldern, Robert; et al. (Chemical Geology, 2020)
Water availability is the most important factor for the vitality of forest ecosystems, especially in dry environments. The Mediterranean region is one of the hotspots of future climate change; therefore, data on the water cycle are urgently needed. We measured oxygen isotope compositions in creek water, precipitation, stem water, needle water, and tree-ring cellulose over one growing season to establish the relationship between isotope compositions in different compartments along a fractionation pathway. We analyzed plant material from pine trees (Pinus nigra J.F. Arn subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire var. Corsicana Hyl. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) at five locations along an elevation gradient from sea level to 1600 m asl. We traced back the oxygen isotope composition from source to sink in tree-ring cellulose in order to identify the water sources used by the trees, and to quantify the extent of isotope fractionation processes. Our results showed that the trees used different water sources over the course of the growing season, ranging from winter snow meltwater to summer precipitation at higher sites and deep soil water reservoirs at coastal sites. Needle water enrichment was higher at higher elevation sites than at coastal locations, highlighting the importance of site-specific climate conditions on the isotopic composition values in tree material. Water availability seems to be most restricted at the highest site, making these trees most vulnerable to climate change.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-09
Keywords: Needle water enrichment; Oxygen isotopes; Pinus nigra; Pinus pinaster; Water source; Xylem water

Flächenhafte Veränderungen von Waldböden durch Befahrung mit Holzerntemaschinen - Blümel, Wolf Dieter; Bräuning, Achim; Mandl, Helmuth (Beiträge für Forstwirtschaft und Landschaftsökologie, 2006)
Auf drei lösshaltigen Waldstandorten in Süddeutschland wurde der Einfluss von Befahrungen auf verschiedene Bodeneigenschaften untersucht. Die durch Bodenverdichtung betroffenen Bereiche zeichnen sich durch das Auftreten von Indikatorpflanzen für Staunässe und Sauerstoffmangel im Wurzelraum aus, die auf ungestörten Waldstandorten nicht zur charakteristischen Krautvegetation gehören. Die Verbreitung von Fahrspuren wurde kartiert und die Bodenmerkmale Humusgehalt, Gefüge, Vorkommen von Rostflecken und Durchwurzelung flächenhaft erfasst. Beeinträchtigung der Bodenqualität orientieren sich am Verlauf der kartierten Fahrspuren und lassen sich so kausal auf die stattgefundene Befahrung zurückführen. Eine Flächenbilanzierung zeigt, dass zwischen 34% - 40% der Waldbodenfläche von Veränderungen betroffen sind. Angesicht wärmer werdender Winter ist davon auszugehen, dass das Zeitfenster frostbedingt hoher Tragfähigkeit von Waldböden für schwere Holzerntefahrzeuge in Zukunft weiter abnimmt. Da sich Bodenverdichtung nachteilig auf die Durchwurzelung von Waldböden auswirkt, ist zu überdenken, welche Maßnahmen ergriffen werden müssen, damit die Bewirtschaftung lösshaltiger Waldflächen auch bei zukünftig erwarteter höherer Sturmhäufigkeit nachhaltig betrieben werden kann.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.flchen

Flood signals in tree-ring δ18O and wood anatomical parameters of Lagerstroemia speciosa: Implications for developing flood management strategies in Bangladesh - Rahman, Mizanur; Islam, Mahmuda; Masood, Muhammad; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim (Science of the Total Environment, 2021)
Bangladesh consists of 80% of the flood plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system (GBM), making the country one of the highest flood prone countries of the world. Due to the high rate of discharge of the GBM caused by the summer monsoon and the snowmelt of the Eastern Himalaya and Southern Tibetan Plateau due to climate change, Bangladesh witnessed 16 flood events over 1954–2017. We performed a multiproxy tree-ring analysis to investigate the impact of extreme flood events on tree growth, xylem anatomical parameters and oxygen isotope composition of tree-ring cellulose (δ18Otr) in a Bangladeshi moist tropical forest and to establish relationships between water level of the regional rivers and tree-ring parameters. By using pointer year analysis and comparing the pointer years with historical flood records (a cut-off threshold of the country's flooded land area of 33.3%), we identified the three extreme flood events (hereafter called flood years) 1974, 1988, and 1998 in Bangladesh. Superposed epoch analysis revealed significant changes in Tree-ring width (TRW), total vessel area (TVA), vessel density (VD), and δ18Otr during flood years. Flood associated hypoxic soil conditions reduced TRW up to 53% and TVA up to 28%, varying with flood events. In contrast, VD increased by 23% as a safety mechanism against flood induced hydraulic failure. Tree-ring δ18O significantly decreased during the flood years due to the amount effect in regional precipitation. Bootstrapped Pearson correlation analysis showed that wood anatomical variables encoded stronger river level signals than TRW and δ18Otr. Among the wood anatomical parameters, VD showed a strong relationship (r = −0.58, p < 0.01) with the water level of the Manu River, a regional river of the north-eastern part of Bangladesh, indicating that VD can be used as a reliable proxy for river level reconstruction. Our analyses suggest that multiproxy tree-ring analysis is a potential tool to study tropical moist forest responses to extreme flood events and to identify suitable proxies for reconstructing hydrological characteristics of South Asian rivers.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-12
Keywords: Extreme flood events; Floods in Bangladesh; Multiproxy tree-ring analysis; River hydrology; Tree-ring δ; Wood anatomical parameters

Flow Regimes and Föhn Types Characterize the Local Climate of Southern Patagonia - Temme, Franziska; Turton, Jenny; Mölg, Thomas; Sauter, Tobias (Atmosphere, 2020)
The local climate in Southern Patagonia is strongly influenced by the interaction between the topography and persistent westerlies, which can generate foehn events, dry and warm downslope winds. The upstream flow regime influences different foehn types which dictate the lee-side atmospheric response regarding the strength, spatial extent and phenomenology. We use a combination of observations from four automatic weather stations (AWSs) and high-resolution numerical modeling with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a region in Southern Patagonia (48 ° S – 52 ° S, 72 ° W – 76.5 ° W) including the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI). The application of a föhn identification algorithm to a 10-month study period (June 2018 – March 2019) reveals 81 föhn events in total. A simulation of three events of differing flow regimes (supercritical, subcritical, transition) suggests that a supercritical flow regime leads to a linear foehn event with a large spatial extent but moderate intensity. In contrast, a spatially limited but locally strong foehn response is induced by a subcritical regime with upstream blocking and by a transition regime with a hydraulic jump present. Our results imply that the hydraulic jump-type foehn event (transition case) is the most critical for glacier mass balances since it shows the strongest warming, drying, wind velocities and solar radiation over the SPI. The consideration of flow regimes over the last 40 years shows that subcritical flow occurs most frequently (78%), however transitional flow occurs 14% of the time, implying the potential impact on Patagonian glaciers.<br
Keywords: Atmospheric Modelling; Föhn winds; Patagonia Ice Fields

Flugmaschinen : die faszinierende Geschichte der Flugtechnik von den Heissluftballons des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zu den Düsenflugzeugen der Gegenwart. Hildesheim 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1991)

Flug über das Fränkische Seenland / Text: Hartmut Beck. Fotos: Manfred Gillert. Nürnberg 2000 - Hübner, Thomas (2003)

Flugzeuge : vom Gleiter zum Düsenjet. Nürnberg 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Focus groups - Weidinger, Tobias; Dalla Torre, Cristina (MATILDE toolbox: methods to assess migration impact in rural and mountain areas (= Deliverable 2.7 of MATILDE project), 2022)

Fog-low stratus (FLS) regimes on Corsica with wind and PBLH as key drivers - Knerr, Isabel; Trachte, Katja; Egli, Sebastian; Barth, Johannes; Bräuning, Achim; Garel, Emilie; Häusser, Martin; Huneau, Frederic; Juhlke, Tobias; Santoni, Sebastien; Szymczak, Sonja; van Geldern, Robert; et al. (Atmospheric Research, 2021)
The French Mediterranean island of Corsica is already today confronted with a clear tendency towards water shortage, leading not only to socio-economical, but also to ecological problems. A potential, but not very widespread source of water is the presence of near-ground clouds, mostly fog. In this study, we investigate foglow stratus (FLS) frequencies in Corsica, derived from a data set of Meteosat Second Generation SEVIRI, whereby a distinction between fog and low stratus is hardly feasible using remote sensing data. The FLS frequency was studied with respect to its interaction with distinct locally-generated wind and its dependence on the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) obtained by ERA5 reanalysis (the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF). Results show that radiation FLS is formed in coastal areas at sunrise, with low PBLH. On the other hand, in the interior of the island at sunset, a maximum of advection FLS is formed, fostered by locally-generated and related transport of moisture. On the east side of the island, FLS frequency is lower throughout the year due to frequent lee situations. This situation is reinforced by reduced synoptic moisture transport by westerly winds, so that westerly exposed slopes benefit from moisture input by FLS formation.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-08-13

Forensische Blicke und Praktiken kritischer Geovisualisierung. Ein Besprechungsessay. - Michel, Boris (ACME : An International e-Journal for Critical Geographies, 2017)

Forensische Blicke und Praktiken kritischer Geovisualisierung. Ein Besprechungsessay - Michel, Boris (ACME : An International e-Journal for Critical Geographies, 2017)

Fotoscout Nürnberg und Franken : ein Reiseführer für Fotografen. Heidelberg 2012 - Hübner, Thomas (2013)

Fraktale Metropolen, Unruhe und Rap - Tijé-Dra, Andreas (Fraktale Metropolen. Stadtentwicklung zwischen Devianz, Polarisierung und Hybridisierung, 2016)

Franken. Erlangen 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Frankenglück : 33 Orte zum Staunen und Verweilen. Würzburg 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Franken : Naturfaszination. Würzburg 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Fränkische Schweiz : Bamberg, Heiligenstadt, Hollfeld, Bayreuth, Pottenstein, Waischenfeld, Pegnitz, Nürnberg ; 40 geprüfte Touren / Red.: Karin Lorenzato ... München 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Fränkische Schweiz. München 2003 - Hübner, Thomas (2004)

Fränkische Schweiz : Natur, Kultur, Geschichte erleben ; mit 30 Tourentipps für die ganze Familie. Betzenstein 2004 - Hübner, Thomas (2005)

Fränkische Schweiz : Wanderführer mit 35 Touren. Erlangen 2015 - Hübner, Thomas (2015)

Fränkische Schweiz : Wandern zwischen Burgen, Höhlen, Schlössern und bizarren Felsformationen. Rodingersdorf 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Fränkisches Seenland : 25 Wanderungen rund um Altmühl- und Brombachsee. Nürnberg 2003 - Hübner, Thomas (2004)

Fränkisches Seenland, Naturpark Altmühltal : herrliche Wanderwege, gemütliche Gasthöfe, Hotels und Pensionen, Anfahrtsstrecken, Parkmöglichkeiten ; nach den Wanderungen von Vagabundus, Wanderer zwischen Weg und Wirtschaft. 2., völlig überarbeitete Auflage. Plüderhausen 2001 - Hübner, Thomas (2001)

Fränkische Verbrecher : die spannendsten Kriminalfälle 1330 - 1975. Erfurt 2015 - Hübner, Thomas (2015)

Frankophonie - "neokoloniales Projekt" oder "Schutzwall für die kulturelle Vielfalt"? - Glasze, Georg (Geographische Rundschau, 2013)

Freiräume schaffen! Wie sich Geflüchtete auf dem Land Handlungsspielräume eröffnen - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan; Spenger, David; Schorner, Lukas; Sauerbrey, Dominic (2021)

Frequency of low clouds in taiwan retrieved from MODIS data and its relation to cloud forest occurrence - Thies, Boris; Groos, Alexander Raphael; Schulz, Martin; Li, Ching-Feng; Chang, Shih-Chieh; Bendix, Jörg (Remote Sensing, 2015)
The relationship between satellite-derived low cloud frequency and the occurrence of tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) in Taiwan was investigated. From daily MODIS cloud mask products between 2003 and 2012 the low cloud class was extracted and mean low cloud frequency was calculated for Taiwan. This low cloud frequency map was blended with an existing plot-based vegetation classification for Taiwan to analyze the relationship between low cloud frequency and TMCF occurrence. Receiver operating characteristics curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to analyze if a relationship exists. No relationship was found for all four TMCF types taken together (AUC = 0.61) and for the dominant TMCF type, Quercus montane evergreen broad-leaved cloud forest (AUC = 0.5). Strong relationships were found for the two spatially-restricted TMCF types, Fagus montane deciduous broad-leaved cloud forest (AUC = 0.91) and Pasania- Elaeocarpus montane evergreen broad-leaved forest (AUC = 0.84), as well as for the second dominant type Chamaecyparis montane mixed cloud forest (AUC = 0.74). The results show that low cloud frequency thresholds might be associated with specific cloud forest types in Taiwan. Further studies should incorporate information about cloud base height, cloud density, and cloud immersion time as well as satellite-based cloud frequency information with a higher temporal resolution. Combination with satellite-based land cover classifications for Taiwan would allow quasi-continuous observation of TMCF changes. Such knowledge would be the precondition for effective protective actions concerning this exceptional but threatened ecosystem.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: MODIS; Satellite; Taiwan; Tropical montane cloud forest; Vegetation survey

Freunde führen einander – Der kommunalpolitische Dialog mit dem „Islam“ im Modus einer Gouvernementalität der Freundschaft. - Winkler, Jan (Geographica Helvetica, 2017)

Fröba, Klaus: Erlangen 1890 - 1960 : eine historische Bilderreise. Erfurt 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Fröhling, Stefan: Bamberg / Stefan Fröhling ; Andreas Reuß. Köln 2018 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Fruit weight and yield estimation models for five avocado cultivars in Ethiopia - Mokria, Mulugeta; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Said, Hadia; Hadgu, Kiros; Hagazi, Niguse; Dubale, Workneh; Bräuning, Achim (Environmental Research Communications, 2022)
Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) is an important tree crop and proved to be a very rewarding commercial crop for export and local consumptions. Due to high local and global market demand, avocado plantation and production is considerably increasing in many parts of Ethiopia. Thus, pre-harvest yield estimation is necessary for market planning, monitoring, and tracking long-term productivity. Though there are studies on various characteristics of avocado tree, not much has been documented about its productivity due to lack of easy and non-destructive ways to estimate yield. Hence, this study was conducted to develop cultivar-specific and mixed-cultivar fruit weight estimation models using single and multiple predictors including fruit length and diameter. We harvested and weighted 1800 fruits from five cultivars grown in 30 smallholder farmlands. The highest mean fruit load was recorded for Nabal (281 (+/- 36 Fruit. tree(-1)) and Hass 249 (+/- 27 Fruit. tree(-1)). A large proportion of avocado fruits were in the range that are commercially valuable. The correlation between fruit load and crown diameter were positive for each cultivar and it was stronger for Ettinger (r = 0.7, p < 0.01, n = 30), followed by Nabal (r = 0.64, P < 0.01, n = 30). We observed that fruit weight correlates significantly (P < 0.01) with fruit diameter and length. Our best models explained 80% for Ettinger, 78% for Fuerte, 80% for Hass, 63% for Nabal, 72% for Reed and 72% for multiple cultivars. Estimated yield was nearly 45 kg. tree(-1) for Ettinger, Fuerte, Hass, Reed and 90 Kg. tree(-1) for Nabal. The equations developed in this study are suitable for conducting pre-harvest yield estimation and monitoring changes in avocado productivity. Such information is critical for planned marketing and support government initiatives towards making horticulture sector as a possible engine for poverty alleviation and national economic growth.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-08-12

Fully Automated Detection of Supraglacial Lake Area for Northeast Greenland Using Sentinel-2 Time-Series - Hochreuther, Philipp; Neckel, Niklas; Reimann, Nathalie; Humbert, Angelika; Braun, Matthias (Remote Sensing, 2021)
The usability of multispectral satellite data for detecting and monitoring supraglacial meltwater ponds has been demonstrated for western Greenland. For a multitemporal analysis of large regions or entire Greenland, largely automated processing routines are required. Here, we present a sequence of algorithms that allow for an automated Sentinel-2 data search, download, processing, and generation of a consistent and dense melt pond area time-series based on open-source software. We test our approach for a 82,000 km2 area at the 79 °N Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsbrae) in northeast Greenland, covering the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Our lake detection is based on the ratio of the blue and red visible bands using a minimum threshold. To remove false classification caused by the similar spectra of shadow and water on ice, we implement a shadow model to mask out topographically induced artifacts. We identified 880 individual lakes, traceable over 479 time-steps throughout 2016–2019, with an average size of 64,212 m2. Of the four years, 2019 had the most extensive lake area coverage with a maximum of 333 km2 and a maximum individual lake size of 30 km2. With 1.5 days average observation interval, our time-series allows for a comparison with climate data of daily resolution, enabling a better understanding of short-term climate-glacier feedbacks.<br
Keywords: supraglacial lakes; 79 °N; Sentinel-2; lake area; automated detection; Greenland

Functional biodiversity and climate change along an altitudinal gradient in a tropical mountain rainforest. - Bendix, Jörg; Behling, Hermann; Peters, Thorsten; Richter, Michael; Beck, Erwin (Tropical Rainforests and Agroforests under Global Change, 2010)
This article investigates possible consequences of climate change for a hotspot of tropical biodiversity, exemplified by a comparatively small area of a neotropical mountain rain forest in the eastern range of the South Ecuadorian Andes. In the introduction, several approaches for such predictions are evaluated with respect to their applicability to the eco-region. After a short presentation of the research area and its biodiversity, climate and vegetation development during the Holocene is described showing the range of possible fluctuations between Puna-like grassland and tropical mountain forest. Data of climate dynamics during the past 50 – 60 years, covering several ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) events, suggest a significant increase in temperature but no dramatic changes in the precipitation regimes of the region. Due to the altitudinal span of the area, the rise in temperature will shift the ecothermic belts by several hundred meters uphill and thus increase the distribution ranges of ectothermic organisms. To assess the consequences of this shift on biodiversity two model approaches were applied, namely the species-area-approach and the energetic-equivalence rule, using the extremely diverse insect group of moths. Combining both approaches the consequences of a climate change Teja Tscharntke, Christoph Leuschner, Edzo Veldkamp, Heiko Faust, Edi Guhardja, Arifuddin Bidin (editors): Tropical rainforests and agroforests under global change: Ecological and socio-economic valuations. Springer Berlin 2010, pp 239–268 240 J. Bendix et al. can be estimated for the various scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions published by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007). Applying the most realistic scenario A1B a reduction of moth species by 31% until the year 2100 can be predicted for the RBSF area. Due to their greater life-span, woody plants are much more resilient to climate change, especially so in a megadiverse forest with usually small population sizes. Therefore impacts of global warming on the local vegetation can only be assessed on the basis of qualitative data of the forest structure rather than of the floristic composition. The most conspicuous trait of the tropical mountain rain forest in the region is the low elevation of the upper tree-line which on average is by 1000 to 1500 m lower than in the other parts of the tropical Andes. Due to the particular orographic situation, the extreme environmental conditions (quasipermanent easterly storms carrying a tremendous load of precipitation) do not allow growth of trees in the peak regions of the mountains. Only if the prevailing trade-wind system dampened and the mountain range received less precipitation, a change of the environmental conditions could be expected resulting in a situation like in the early and mid Holocene, when a forest covered the entire mountain range. However, up to present, symptoms for such a change are lacking. A final outlook comments on the priority ranking of climate change vs. direct anthropogenic impacts with respect to conservation measures. For the investigated tropical forest ecosystem a reduction of human impact is more urgent than ever.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.functi
Keywords: Andes; South Ecuador; Biodiversity; climate change; extreme weather events; timberline; species range shift

Für eine poststrukturalistische Perspektive auf das Machen und die Macht von Karten - Michel, Boris (Forum qualitative Sozialforschung, 2010)

Fußball-Fanklubs – organisierte Subkultur. - Adler, Stephan; Holzmann, Andreas; et al. (Fußball-Fanklubs – organisierte Subkultur., 2006)
Keywords: Fußball-Fanklubs – organisierte Subkultur. Nationalatlas Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft in Südafrika – Die Ausrichterstädte bereiten sich vor - Pingold, Markus; Haferburg, Christoph; Steinbrink, Malte (Praxis Geographie, 2010)

Gated Community - Glasze, Georg (Ortsregister: ein Glossar zu Räumen der Gegenwart, 2012)

Gefahr aus dem All : die Erde im Visier. Stuttgart 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1993)

Gefährlicher Ort und identitätsstiftendes Denkmal. Die Stadt im rechten Diskurs. - Braun, Johann (2021)

Gefahr von der Sonne : Satellitenabstürze, Zusammenbruch von Strom- und Funknetzen, Klimaveränderungen, Gesundheitsgefährdung. München 2000 - Hübner, Thomas (2000)

Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands als Forschungsgegenstand: konzeptionelle Überlegungen im Nachgang des Workshops. - Glorius, Birgit; Kordel, Stefan; Mehl, Peter; Schammann, Hannes; Weidinger, Tobias (Aufnahme und Integration von Geflüchteten in ländliche Räume: Spezifika und (Forschungs-)Herausforderungen. Beiträge und Ergebnisse eines Workshops am 6. und 7. März 2017 in Braunschweig, 2017)
Keywords: Flüchtlinge; ländliche Räume

Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands - Mehl, Peter; Fick, Johanna; Meschter, Diana; Neumeier, Stefan; Osigus, Torsten; Glorius, Birgit; Bürer, Miriam; Gasch, Simone; Schneider, Hanne; Kordel, Stefan; Spenger, David; Weidinger, Tobias; et al. (2023)
Die gängige Annahme, Geflüchtete blieben nicht in ländlichen Regionen, sondern seien „nur auf der Durchreise“ in Großstädte, hat sich nicht bestätigt. Das Bleiben an einem ländlichen Wohnort wird durch das Zusammenleben in der Kernfamilie, durch freundliche Kontakte zur aufnehmenden Bevölkerung sowie durch eigene Fortschritte bei der Integration begünstigt. Bleibeorientierung kann von Politik, Verwaltung und Zivilgesellschaft beeinflusst werden. Insbesondere die Zivilgesellschaft trägt dazu bei, Bindungen an einen Wohnort zu etablieren.<br

Geheimnisvoller Kosmos : wie Menschen sich die Welt erklären / Axel Weiss ; Franz-Peter Burkard. Freiburg im Breisgau 1994 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia - Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Johnson, Kathleen R.; Yafeng, Shi (Geophysical Research Letters, 2002)
Three alternate China-wide temperature composites covering the last 2000 years were established by combining multiple paleoclimate proxy records obtained from ice cores, tree rings, lake sediments and historical documents. Five periods of temperature variation can be identified: a warm stage in AD 0-240, a cold interval between AD 240 and 800, a return to warm conditions from AD 800-1400, including the Medieval Warm Period between AD 800-1100, the cool Little Ice Age period between 1400-1920, and the present warm stage since 1920. Regional temperature variation is found during AD 800-1100, when warm conditions occured in Eastern China and in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and in AD 1150-1380, when the southern Tibetan Plateau experienced a warm interval. In contrast, evidence for cool conditions during the LIA is more consistent among the proxy records. The temperature reconstructions for China and the Northern Hemisphere show good agreement over the past millennium.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.genera

General Circulation Model Selection Technique for Downscaling: Exemplary Application to East Africa - Pickler, Carolyne; Mölg, Thomas (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2021)
Downscaling is widely used in studies of local and/or regional climate as it yields a greater spatial resolution than general circulation models (GCMs) can provide. It utilizes GCM output or reanalysis data, which is transformed using mathematical relationships or used to force the lateral boundaries of a regional climate model. However, there is no set selection technique to determine which GCM realization(s) to employ. Here, a comprehensive yet easily applicable model selection technique for studies requiring GCM data as a constraint was developed. The technique evaluates, with respect to a reanalysis product and/or observational data, the ability of GCM realizations to reconstruct the mean state of the climate and the space-time climatic anomalies for the atmospheric state variables at three distinct pressure levels. It was applied to the region of East Africa, where GISS-E2-H r6i1p3 was found to perform the strongest. The top ranked realizations were found to better capture processes when evaluated for the example of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Furthermore, the surface air temperature and precipitation from three 10-year regional climate model simulations, one forced by the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 reanalysis, one forced by the top ranked GCM, and one by the lowest ranked one, were compared to gridded observations. Results show that using a top ranked GCM for the boundary conditions leads to a better dynamical downscaling simulation than a low-ranked GCM, suggesting the potential of the proposed technique for future downscaling techniques.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-02
Keywords: downscaling; East Africa; general circulation models; model selection

Genusswandern Fränkische Schweiz : 35 Wanderungen und gemütliche Einkehrmöglichkeiten. München 2008 - Hübner, Thomas (2009)

Geochemical investigation of soils developed in different lithologies in Bhutan, Eastern Himalayas - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Geoderma, 2006)
Within a project studying soil genesis on the southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas, a comprehensive set of major, trace and rare earth element (REE) contents has been compiled for the first time. Six saprolites and their associated pedons were sampled on metamorphic, migmatitic and leucogranitic parent materials at altitudes ranging from 1520 m to 3770 m. Metamorphic soils are largely illitic, with Si decreasing, and Al and Fe increasing with decreasing degree of metamorphism. The subsoil of a tourmaline-bearing leucogranite is characterised by equally high Si, but higher contents of K and lower Fe, Mg and Ti. A migmatitic profile in southern Bhutan is dominated by hornblende, and is quite distinct from the other lithologies with lower contents of Si and K, but higher Fe, Mg, Ca and Mn. Chondrite-normalised REE patterns compare with post-Archaean materials, with steep light rare earth (LREE) and flat heavy rare earth (HREE) patterns. In comparison to generalised upper crustal composition (UCC), the Bhutanese lithologies show a pronounced Eu anomaly. Whereas the patterns appear rather homogenised in topsoils, the influence of the parent materials causes deviations from the general trend with increasing depth. The occurrence of marine Tethyan sediments is confirmed by a strong positive Ce anomaly in the Central Bhutanese Phobjikha Valley. In the leucogranitic profile, REE depletion is attributed to the presence of monazite, as corroborated by trace element behaviour. Because of the hornblende, REE patterns of the migmatitic profile are flat and without a Eu anomaly. Chemical indices of alteration (CIA) of between 71 and 92 indicate advanced weathering, even at high altitudes. Correlation analyses show that REE are associated with the silt and clay fraction (< 63 μm). At elevations above approximately 3500 m, physical weathering causes passive REE enrichment, however no differentiation of REE concentrations or patterns within the profile is observed. Below 3500 m, increased chemical weathering and leaching appears to be sufficient to release and translocate REEs. In this process, HREE are preferentially translocated, whereas Ce is more refractory than the other lanthanides. This case study confirms that soil weathering and REE behaviour are closely related. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.geoche
Keywords: CIA; Rare earth elements; Soil genesis; Tethyan sediments; Weathering

Geodaten quantitativ, aber kritisch analysieren – die Methode der explorativen räumlichen Datenanalyse am Beispiel von COVID-19 in Brasilien - Kremer, Dominik; Walker, Blake (Handbuch Kritisches Kartieren, 2022)

Geodetic Mass Balance of the South Shetland Islands Ice Caps, Antarctica, from Differencing TanDEM-X DEMs - Shahateet, Kaian; Seehaus, Thorsten; Navarro, Francisco; Sommer, Christian; Braun, Matthias (Remote Sensing, 2021)
Although the glaciers in the Antarctic periphery currently modestly contribute to sea level rise, their contribution is projected to increase substantially until the end of the 21st century. The South Shetland Islands (SSI), located to the north of the Antarctic Peninsula, are lacking a geodetic mass balance calculation for the entire archipelago. We estimated its geodetic mass balance over a 3–4-year period within 2013–2017. Our estimation is based on remotely sensed multispectral and interferometric SAR data covering 96% of the glacierized areas of the islands considered in our study and 73% of the total glacierized area of the SSI archipelago (Elephant, Clarence, and Smith Islands were excluded due to data limitations). Our results show a close to balance, slightly negative average specific mass balance for the whole area of −0.106 ± 0.007 m w.e. a−1, representing a mass change of −238 ± 12 Mt a−1. These results are consistent with a wider scale geodetic mass balance estimation and with glaciological mass balance measurements at SSI locations for the same study period. They are also consistent with the cooling trend observed in the region between 1998 and the mid-2010s
Keywords: SAR; remote sensing; glacier; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctic periphery; ice loss

Geodetic Mass Balances and Area Changes of Echaurren Norte Glacier (Central Andes, Chile) between 1955 and 2015 - Farías Barahona, David; Vivero, Sebastián; Casassa, Gino; Schaefer, Marius; Burger, Flavia; Seehaus, Thorsten; Iribarren-Anacona, Pablo; Escobar, Fernando; Braun, Matthias (Remote Sensing, 2019)
The Echaurren Norte Glacier is a reference glacier for the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) network and has the longest time series of glacier mass balance data in the Southern Hemisphere. The data has been obtained by the direct glaciological method since 1975. In this study, we calculated glacier area changes using satellite images and historical aerial photographs, as well as geodetic mass balances for different periods between 1955 and 2015 for the Echaurren Norte Glacier in the Central Andes of Chile. Over this period, this glacier lost 65% of its original area and disaggregated into two ice bodies in the late 1990s. The geodetic mass balances were calculated by differencing digital elevation models derived from several sources. The results indicated a mean cumulative glacier wide mass loss of −40.64 ± 5.19 m w.e. (−0.68 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1). Within this overall downwasting trend, a positive mass balance of 0.54 ± 0.40 m w.e. a−1 was detected for the period 2000–2009. These estimates agree with the results obtained with the glaciological method during the same time span. Highly negative mass change rates were found from 2010 onwards, with −1.20 ± 0.09 m w.e. a−1 during an unprecedented drought in Central Andes of Chile. The observed area and the elevation changes indicate that the Echaurren Norte Glacier may disappear in the coming years if negative mass balance rates prevai
Keywords: glacier mass balance; geodetic method; LiDAR; central Andes; glacier mapping; mountain glacier

Geografía del arte callejero: La distribución espacial de un arte controvertido. El caso de Valparaíso. - Gemeinholzer, Jan; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Richter, Michael (Revista Geográfica de Valparaiso, 2021)
En este artículo se analiza el fenómeno del arte callejero desde una perspectiva geográfica, entendiendo por dicho arte tanto los complejos murales de gran calidad artística y persistencia como los grafitis de fugaz existencia y autoría poco clara. El estudio se basa en análisis bibliográfico y un trabajo de campo en la ciudad de Valparaíso. Los resultados indican que la ubicación geográfica de las diferentes expresiones del arte callejero varían a escala local y mundial. Por ejemplo, en las ciudades de rico colorido de América Latina el arte callejero de vistosos colores es particularmente frecuente. A nivel local, destaca Valparaíso. México desempeña el papel de pionero, ya que en el muralismo de los "Tres Grandes" (Orozco, Siqueiros, Rivera) se encuentra uno de los orígenes de los murales modernos. En la capital del arte y la cultura de Chile, Valparaíso, una actitud liberal tanto por parte de los residentes como de la administración de la ciudad hacia los artistas de arte callejero ha provocado un boom que contribuye a su atractivo turístico. Este artículo aclara hasta qué punto los murales constituyen el momento inicial para las decoraciones artísticas de vehículos, y el por qué los grafiteros prefieren los "lugares perdidos" para su obra.<br
Keywords: Street Art; Arte callejero; Valparaíso; muralismo; Muralismus; grafiti; Graffiti

Geographical Research in the Digital Humanities. Spatial Concepts, Approaches and Methods - Dammann, Finn; Kremer, Dominik ([transcript] Bielefeld University Press, 2024)

Geographie Irans - Bräuning, Achim; Geiselhart, Klaus (Handbuch Iranistik, 2013)

Geographien zwischen Diskurs und Praxis – Mit Wittgenstein Anknüpfungspunkte von Diskurs- und Praxistheorie denken - Baumann, Christoph; Tijé-Dra, Andreas; Winkler, Jan (Geographica Helvetica, 2015)

Geographies of “digital governmentality” platform-based governing through adaptive environments - Dammann, Finn; Eichenmüller, Christian; Glasze, Georg (Digital Geography and Society, 2022)
In this paper, we discuss the geography of a new digital governmentality. In recent years, and extending Foucauldian analyses of different modes of governing, several studies argue that the digital transformation is fundamentally changing the way people are governed and govern themselves: a new, digital governmentality is emerging and replacing (neo-)liberal forms of governing. Two core characteristics are described as the basic nexus of this shift: on the one hand, a change in knowledge production through the capture and analysis of behavioural data; and on the other hand, a change in the governing of subjects by influencing subconscious behavioural patterns. We show that the perspective of a digital governmentality can sensitise geography to this new mode of digital governing. Furthermore, the digital governmentality debate enables geography to explore interconnections within the power/knowledge nexus between different aspects of the digital transformation that have so far been analysed in rather isolated ways. At the same time, geographic inquiries in turn offer impulses for the digital governmentality debate: Firstly, scholarly debate on a digital governmentality has rarely addressed the geographies in and through which this new governmentality operates. Addressing this research desideratum, we conceive two interconnected geographies of a digital governmentality and combine them into an analytical perspective: a new micro-geography of hybrid, sensing, and adaptive environments and a new macro-geography of digital platforms. Secondly, this perspective contributes to unearth the complex, often contradictory and contested relationships of a digital governmentality to other modes of governing. We use this perspective on geographies of digital governmentality to understand the development of digital outdoor advertising by Europe's largest out-of-home advertising company.<br
Keywords: Digital governmentality; Platforms; Environmentality; Digital geographies; Smart city; Nudging

Geographies of doing nothing–internal displacement and practices of post-disaster recovery in urban areas of the Kathmandu valley, Nepal - Titz, Alexandra (Social Sciences, 2021)
Disaster-related internal displacement is on the rise in many countries and is increasingly becoming an urban phenomenon. For many people, as in the case of the earthquake disaster 2015 in Nepal, protracted or multiple disaster displacements are a lived reality. While the drivers of displacement are relatively well understood, significant uncertainties remain regarding the factors that trigger prolonged or secondary displacement and impede ending of displacement or achieving durable solutions. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and theorise the discourse of reconstruction and return that shapes experiences, strategies, and policies in order to gain a better understanding of the obstacles to pursuing durable solutions that are still shaping the reality of life for urban internally displaced people (IDPs) in Kathmandu Valley. I use the concepts of ‘fields of practice’ and ‘disaster justice’ to provide insights into the theorisation of the links between social inequality, structural forms of governance, and the reconstruction process itself. Findings demonstrate that the application of these concepts has great potential to expand our understanding of ‘realities of life’ and practices of IDPs, and thus contribute to a more differentiated evidence base for the development and implementation of appropriate disaster risk reduction policies and practices.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-19
Keywords: Disaster justice; Disaster risk reduction (DRR); Earthquake disaster; Fields of practice; Internal displacement; Long-term displacement; Waiting

Geographie und (historische) Karten - Michel, Boris (GeoAgenda, 2017)

Geographieunterricht mit Google Earth Lernen mit dem virtuellen Globus - Feick, Sebastian; et al. (Aktuelle Impulse für den Geographieunterricht. Tagungsband zum mittelfränkischen Realschultag Erdkunde, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2016-06-01:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.geogra_3

Geographieunterricht mit Google Earth - Lernen mit dem virtuellen Globus - Feick, Sebastian; Pingold, Markus (Aktuelle Impulse für den Geographieunterricht. Tagungsband zum Mittelfränkischen Realschultag Erdkunde., 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.geogra
Keywords: Didaktik; Lehre; Geographieunterricht; Geomedien; Google Earth; virtuelle Globen

Geographische Erfahrungen in Ecuador zu Beginn des jetzigen und vorigen Jahrhunderts - Richter, Michael; Peters, Thorsten (Meyers Universum. Zum 150. Geburtstag des Leipziger Verlegers und Geographen Hans Meyer., 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.geogra

Geographische Filme machen. Ein handlungs- und produktionsorientierter Vorschlag für einen mediensensiblen Geographieunterricht - Baumann, Christoph (Geographie heute, 2015)

Geographische Forschung im Anschluss an Michel Foucault - Füller, Henning; Michel, Boris (Westfälisches Dampfboot, 2012)

Geographische Visualitätsregime zwischen Länderkunde und Quantitativer Revolution - Michel, Boris (RaumBilder. Theorie und Praxis der Vermittlung visueller Geographien, 2015)

Geography in Germany - Glasze, Georg (A Student's Guide to European Universities. Sociology, Political Science, Geography and History, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.geogra

Geoinformation, Cartographic (Re) Presentation and the Nation State: A Co-Constitutive Relation and Its Transformation in the Digital Age - Glasze, Georg (The Net and the Nation Sate. Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Internet Governance, 2017)
Keywords: Geoinformation; Digital Geography; Political Geography; Cartography; State

Geometry and status of the King Georg Island ice cap, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Annals of Glaciology, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.geomet

Geomorphologisch induzierte Störungen der Vegetation in einem alpinen Einzugsgebiet. Das Fallbeispiel Reintal, Wettersteingebirge, Bayern - Schwabe, Birgit (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2014)
Hochgebirge stellen auf Grund ihrer Dreidimensionalität einen einzigarten Lebensraum dar. Die hohe Reliefenergie fördert schwerkraftbedingte Prozesse. Rasch verlaufende Massenbe-wegungen wie Sturzereignisse, sowie Muren, Lawinen oder fluviale Prozesse lösen diverse Störungen aus. In Folge beeinflusst die Sukzession wesentlich die Vegetationsdynamik. Ziel der Arbeit ist, das Verständnis von hochgebirgstypischen Störungen und deren Auswir-kungen auf die Vegetationsdynamik in den europäischen Alpen exemplarisch zu untersuchen. Analysiert werden die Raum-Zeit-Änderungen unter dem Gesichtspunkt der floristisch struk-turellen Merkmale und deren Auswirkungen auf die Artenvielfalt und Artenzusammensetzung. Störungen ereignen sich auf unterschiedlichen Skalen. Um den räumlichen und zeitlich - prozessorientierten Veränderungen gerecht zu werden, fanden die Untersuchungen auf einer lokalen Ebene, der Talebene und einer zeitlichen Ebene statt. Die unterschiedlichen Störungstypen wurden mit 93 Vegetationsaufnahmen beprobt. Jede Auf-nahme umfasst eine Artenliste, die Gesamtdeckung sowie die Standortvariablen Höhe ü. NN, Exposition und Neigung. Ergänzend wurde von jedem Standort eine Strukturskizze angefertigt, um kleinräumige Muster zu dokumentieren. Nachfolgend wurden die Störungstypen unter Hilfe von Artenzusammenstellung, Artenan¬zahl, ökologischen Faktoren, Lebensformen und Überlebensstrategien auf Gemeinsamkeiten beziehungsweise Unterschiede überprüft. Ebenfalls wurden die anschließenden spezifischen Sukzessionswege auf diese Weise untersucht. Die Auswertung geomorphologischer Arbeiten der Forschungsgruppe SEDAG (SEDimentkas-kaden in Alpinen Geosystemen) zur geomorphologischen Dynamik (Muren, Kalkhalden, Berg-sturz, hydrologische Prozesse, Lawinenbahnen) unterstützten die Analyse der Störungen. Sie präzisierten die Informationen in Bezug auf Abruptheit und Dauer der Störungen, sowie ihrer Magnitude und Wiederkehrzeit. Eine Luftbildinterpretation der Jahre 2003, 2006 und 2009 sollte aktuelle Störereignisse belegen und den Einblick in die zeitliche Dynamik präzisieren. In der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass unterschiedliche Störungstypen verschiedenarti¬ge zeitliche und räumliche Muster hervorrufen. Ähnliche Störungsabläufe wiederum verur-sachen oft eine verwandte Artenzusammensetzung. Sowohl die Artenzusammensetzung als auch die Sukzessionswege nach den Störereignissen sind also vom Typ der Störung abhängig. Sie erweisen sich im Reintal als sehr heterogen. Die Artenvielfalt auf Talebene erklärt sich nicht nur durch die Höhenstufung und den unter-schiedlichen Umweltfaktoren. Die verschiedenartigen Störungstypen verursachen eine Fülle kurzlebiger vielfältiger Landschaftsflecken, die die Diversität nochmals erhöhen. Die Mehrzahl der natürlichen Störungen steht mit spezifischen Wetterereignissen in Ursache. Im Reintal sind dies vor allem sommerliche Starkregen im Zusammenhang mit Gewittern. Das Reintal zeigt eine hohe morphodynamische Aktivität. Diese verursacht zahlreiche und häufige exogene Störungen. Daraus resultiert eine starke, prozessbetonte Vegetationsdynamik
Keywords: Geomorphologie; Hochgebirge; Störung; Sukzession; Ökologie

Geotope in Unterfranken. Augsburg 2013 - Hübner, Thomas (2014)

German spa towns as retirement destinations: How (pre)retirees negotiate relocation and locals assess in-migration - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (Dve Domovini, 2015)
The current generation of senior citizens strives for a self-determined way of life and frequently materialises this through relocation to tourist destinations. Based on this premise, this paper analyses German (pre)retirees who are planning or have realised inter-regional lifestyle migration to Bad Fuessing, a spa town in Southern Germany. While recent studies have focused on lifestyle migrants’ perspectives in pre- and post-migration lives, this article adds local stakeholders’ assessments of age-selective in-migration. It is proposed that locals view the latter ambivalently against the backdrop of demographic change and transformations in health tourism. The article opens up lifestyle migration research to applied questions by considering the economic and social implications for destinations, i.e. it takes into account the structures that frame migration.
Keywords: Ageing; Germany; Lifestyle migration; Regional development; Tourism

Germany: Bavaria - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David (13 Reports on Action-Research Results in Each Case Study, 2022)

Germany - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (The Impact of Social and Economic Policies on Migrants in Europe (= Deliverable 3.1 and 4.1 of MATILDE project), 2021)
This document presents the impact assessments of a range of policies on Third Country Nationals’ interaction with the social and economic structure of the remote and rural areas in the MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom. Each report includes a systematic gathering of information on existing policies that have a direct/indirect impact on migrants’ interaction with the social economic structure of remote and rural areas. For each country, a meta-analysis/literature review on the existing literature/research has been carried out. Each report includes an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the policies and services explored through semi-structured interviews. Finally, the conclusions also provide an inventory of good practices.<br

Germany - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (10 Country Reports on Economic Impacts of TCNs (= Deliverable 4.3 of MATILDE project)., 2021)
This document presents a qualitative assessment of TCNs economic impact in the studied remote and rural regions of MATILDE countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and in the United Kingdom – and in the framework of the foundational economy. Firstly, each report includes a description of the selected companies and the rationale for choosing them as well as the methodology and the ethical aspects related to the fieldwork and the context where they operate – building the knowledge of MATILDE regions produced under the previous tasks (WP2,3,4) and additional desk research and fieldwork gathered information. Secondly, each country report discusses, on the basis of the interviews and the literature, how migration has brought changes in the company/enterprise models, in particular whether there have been changes in the culture of doing business and promoting innovation (including social innovation). Thirdly, each national report discusses how migration has intertwined with the local community and territory, throughout the participation of migrants to local economy, focusing on how rurality and remoteness have played a role in the development of links or interaction with the local community and including also issues related to local welfare services. Moreover, those documents discuss the changes that migrants’ entrepreneurship have provoked and their perception by both the locals and the migrants’ themselves. Finally, they include a reflection on the policy related factors that are facilitating or hindering migrants’ entrepreneurship and innovation capacity.

Germany - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (10 Country Reports on Qualitative Impacts of TCNs (= Deliverable 3.3 of MATILDE project), 2021)

Germany - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David (13 quantitative briefings on the case studies (= Deliverable D5.2 of MATILDE project), 2021)
Deliverable 5.2 - 13 quantitative briefings on the case studies, presents data collected in Task 5.2 in the 13 locations where the local case studies are implemented. Quali-Quantitative briefings cover both MATILDE Social Dimensions (MSDs) and MATILDE Economic Dimensions (MEDs). Specific attention has been paid to the impact of reception services for asylum seekers and refugee

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias (Multi-dimensional policy recommendation matrix, 2022)

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (Report on existing integration-political goals, programmes and strategies in the European Union and the MATILDE countries and rural regions (= Deliverable 6.2 of MATILDE project), 2021)

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (10 Statistical Briefings on Immigration’s Social Impacts (= Deliverable 3.2 of MATILDE project), 2021)

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David; Kordel, Stefan (Challenges in and Recommendations for the MATILDE rural regions: Report on the thematic policy roundtables, 2022)

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David; Kordel, Stefan (Enhancing migrants‘ social and economic inclusion and local development in European rural and mountain areas. Booklet with MATILDE policy recommendations, 2022)

Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David; Kordel, Stefan (Enhancing migrants' social and economic inclusion and local development in European rural and mountain areas. Booklet with MATILDE policy recommendations (= Deliverable 7.13 of MATILDE project), 2022)

Germany in the European Union: The Perspectives for Territorial Cohesion. - Chilla, Tobias (Geographische Rundschau, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.german

Geschichte der Astronomie : von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart. Basel 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Geschlossene Gesellschaft - Glasze, Georg (2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.geschl

GIS-based multicriteria evaluation for earthquake response: a case study of expert opinion in Vancouver, Canada - Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine; Swanlund, David; Clague, John J. (Natural Hazards, 2020)
GIS-based multicriteria evaluation (MCE) provides a framework for analysing complex decision problems by quantifying variables of interest to score potential locations according to their suitability. In the context of earthquake preparedness and post-disaster response, MCE has relied mainly on uninformed or non-expert stakeholders to identify high-risk zones, prioritise areas for response, or highlight vulnerable populations. In this study, we compare uninformed, informed non-expert, and expert stakeholders’ responses in MCE modelling for earthquake response planning in Vancouver, Canada. Using medium- to low-complexity MCE models, we highlight similarities and differences in the importance of infrastructural and socioeconomic variables, emergency services, and liquefaction potential between a non-weighted MCE, a medium-complexity informed non-expert MCE, and a low-complexity MCE informed by 35 local earthquake planning and response experts from governmental and non-governmental organisations. Differences in the observed results underscore the importance of accessible, expert-informed approaches for prioritising locations for earthquake response planning and for the efficient and geographically precise allocation of resources.

GIS für hydrologische Fragestellungen - ein Lehrmodul für den Einsatz in der hydrologischen und geowissenschaftlichen Ausbildung an Hochschulen - Schaffert, Markus; Feick, Sebastian (Allgemeine Vermessungs-Nachrichten (AVN). Zeitschrift für alle Bereiche der Geodäsie und Geoinformation., 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.gisfrh
Keywords: GIS; Lehre; Hydrologie

GIS für hydrologische Fragestellungen ein Lehrmodul für den Einsatz in der hydrologischen und geowissenschaftlichen Ausbildung an Hochschulen - Schaffert, Markus; Feick, Sebastian (2008)
UnivIS-Import:2016-06-01:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.gisfrh_5

Glacial changes in the area of Admiralty Bay and Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica - Braun, Matthias; et al. (GeoEcology of Terrestrial Antarctic Oases, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.glacia

Glacial transport of human waste and survival of fecal bacteria on Mt. McKinley's Kahiltna glacier, Denali National Park, Alaska - Goodwin, Katelyn; Loso, Michael G.; Braun, Matthias (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2012)
Each year, over 1000 climbers attempt an ascent of Mt. McKinley via the West Buttress, located on the 77-km-long Kahiltna Glacier in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Climbers generate over two metric tons of human waste annually, the majority of which is disposed of in crevasses. To assess potential health impacts of this management practice, we conducted field studies and a laboratory experiment to document the persistence of fecal bacteria in a variety of glacial microclimates. Low concentrations of fecal bacteria found in water samples collected over two melt seasons from the Kahiltna River support the argument that bacteria can survive in a glacial environment for an extended period of time. We documented Kahiltna Glacier surface velocities and used a simple flow model to predict the time and place that human waste will emerge in the ablation zone. Based on surface velocities we predict that waste buried in major camps will emerge at the glacier surface in as little as 71 years after traveling 28 km downstream. Our results show fecal microorganisms are persistent in a glacial environment, these pathogens pose a minor threat to human health, and buried human waste can be expected to emerge at the glacier surface within decades.

Glacier albedo reduction and drought effects in the extratropical Andes, 1986-2020 - Shaw, Thomas E.; Ulloa, Genesis; Farías Barahona, David; Fernandez, Rodrigo; Lattus, Jose M.; McPhee, James (Journal of Glaciology, 2021)
Surface albedo typically dominates the mass balance of mountain glaciers, though long-Term trends and patterns of glacier albedo are seldom explored. We calculated broadband shortwave albedo for glaciers in the central Chilean Andes (33-34°S) using end-of-summer Landsat scenes between 1986 and 2020. We found a high inter-Annual variability of glacier-wide albedo that is largely a function of the glacier fractional snow-covered area and the total precipitation of the preceding hydrological year (up to 69% of the inter-Annual variance explained). Under the 2010-2020 'Mega Drought' period, the mean albedo, regionally averaged ranging from 0.25-0.5, decreased by-0.05 on average relative to 1986-2009, with the greatest reduction occurring 3500-5000 m a.s.l. In 2020, differences relative to 1986-2009 were-0.14 on average as a result of near-complete absence of late summer snow cover and the driest hydrological year since the Landsat observation period began (90% reduction of annual precipitation relative to the 1986-2009 period). We found statistically significant, negative trends in glacier ice albedo of up to-0.03 per decade, a trend that would have serious implications for the future water security of the region, because glacier ice melt acts to buffer streamflow shortages under severe drought conditions.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-01-29
Keywords: Albedo; Andes; climate; drought; glacier; remote sensing

Glacier Calving Front Segmentation Using Attention U-Net - Holzmann, Michael; Davari, Amirabbas; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (2021 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS), 2021)
An essential climate variable to determine the tidewater glacier status is the location of the calving front position and the separation of seasonal variability from long-term trends. Previous studies have proposed deep learning-based methods to semi-automatically delineate the calving fronts of tidewater glaciers. They used U-Net to segment the ice and non-ice regions and extracted the calving fronts in a post-processing step. In this work, we show a method to segment the glacier calving fronts from SAR images in an end-to-end fashion using Attention U-Net. The main objective is to investigate the attention mechanism in this application. Adding attention modules to the state-of-the-art U - N et network lets us analyze the learning process by extracting its attention maps. We use these maps as a tool to search for proper hyperparameters and loss functions in order to generate higher qualitative results. Our proposed attention U-Net performs comparably to the standard U-Net while providing additional insight into those regions on which the network learned to focus more. In the best case, the attention U-Net achieves a 1.5 % better Dice score compared to the canonical U-Net with a glacier front line prediction certainty of up to 237.12 meters.

Glacier changes in the Karakoram region mapped by multimission satellite imagery - Rankl, Melanie; Kienholz, Christian; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2014)
Positive glacier-mass balances in the Karakoram region during the last decade have fostered stable and advancing glacier termini positions, while glaciers in the adjacent mountain ranges have been affected by glacier recession and thinning. In addition to fluctuations induced solely by climate, the Karakoram is known for a large number of surge-type glaciers. The present study provides an updated and extended inventory on advancing, stable, retreating, and surge-type glaciers using Landsat imagery from 1976 to 2012. Out of 1219 glaciers the vast majority showed a stable terminus (969) during the observation period. Sixty-five glaciers advanced, 93 glaciers retreated, and 101 surge-type glaciers were identified, of which 10 are new observations. The dimensional and topographic characteristics of each glacier class were calculated and analyzed. Ninety percent of nonsurge-type glaciers are shorter than 10 km, whereas surge-type glaciers are, in general, longer. We report short response times of glaciers in the Karakoram and suggest a shift from negative to balanced/positive mass budgets in the 1980s or 1990s. Additionally, we present glacier surface velocities derived from different SAR (synthetic aperture radar) sensors and different years for a Karakoram-wide coverage. High-resolution SAR data enables the investigation of small and relatively fast-flowing glaciers (e. g., up to 1.8 m day(-1) during an active phase of a surge). The combination of multitemporal optical imagery and SAR-based surface velocities enables an improved, Karakoram-wide glacier inventory and hence, provides relevant new observational information on the current state of glaciers in the Karakoram.

Glacier changes in the Susitna Basin, Alaska, USA, (1951-2015) using GIS and remote sensing methods - Wastlhuber, Roland; Hock, Regine; Kienholz, Christian; Braun, Matthias (Remote Sensing, 2017)
Keywords: Accumulation area ratio; Digital elevation model; Equilibrium line altitude; Geodetic mass balance; Glacier; Glacier elevation change; Glacier surge; Susitna basin

Glacier elevation and mass changes over the central Karakoram region estimated from TanDEM-X and SRTM/X-SAR digital elevation models - Rankl, Melanie; Braun, Matthias (Annals of Glaciology, 2016)
Snow cover and glaciers in the Karakoram region are important freshwater resources for many down-river communities as they provide water for irrigation and hydropower. A better understanding of current glacier changes is hence an important informational baseline. We present glacier elevation changes in the central Karakoram region using TanDEM-X and SRTM/X-SAR DEM differences between 2000 and 2012. We calculated elevation differences for glaciers with advancing and stable termini or surge-type glaciers separately using an inventory from a previous study. Glaciers with stable and advancing termini since the 1970s showed nearly balanced elevation changes of –0.09 ± 0.12 m a–1 on average or mass budgets of –0.01 ± 0.02 Gt a–1 (using a density of 850 kg m–3). Our findings are in accordance with previous studies indicating stable or only slightly negative glacier mass balances during recent years in the Karakoram. The high-resolution elevation changes revealed distinct patterns of mass relocation at glacier surfaces during active surge cycles. The formation of kinematic waves at quiescent surge-type glaciers could be observed and points towards future active surge behaviour. Our study reveals the potential of the TanDEM-X mission to estimate geodetic glacier mass balances, but also points to still existing uncertainties induced by the geodetic method.
Keywords: glacier mass balance; glacier surges; mountain glaciers; remote sensing

Glacier frontal position changes of Vestfonna (Nordaustlandet, Svalbard) - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Geografiska Annaler Series A-Physical Geography, 2011)
Glaciers in Svalbard have shown considerable mass loss in recent years with a reported acceleration in the western and southern parts of the archipelago. However, for the ice cap Vestfonna, in northeastern Svalbard, climatic mass balance modelling has suggested almost balanced conditions over a period of nine years (2000-2009). A slightly positive geodetic mass balance (1990-2005) has been reported from a comparison of laser altimetry to older DEMs. A heterogeneous situation has been depicted for the various catchments, and hence changes in glacier extent can reveal additional information of glacier status, in particular when dealing with surge-type glaciers. We analysed a 34-year data record of multi-spectral satellite imagery in order to study changes in glacier frontal positions of the ice cap Vestfonna. A consistent pattern of almost steady retreat of the southern and north-eastern outlet glaciers of the ice cap is observed while Franklinbreen, the only major outlet glacier draining towards the north-west shows re-advance. This is consistent with an observed speed up and potential upcoming surge of this outlet. The glacier retreat on the southern coast also agrees with ICESat elevation change measurements. However, due to the glacier response time no direct relations between frontal retreat and surface mass balance can be drawn from the short observation period. The heterogeneous pattern of changes with on-going dynamic adjustments in some areas make the ice cap Vestfonna an ideal test site for future monitoring activities including novel techniques like differential interferometry from bi-static SAR systems. © The authors 2011. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography © 2011 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geograph
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.glacie
Keywords: Advance; Arctic ice cap; Glacier extent; Ice front; Retreat; Surge; Svalbard; Vestfonna

Glacier inventory and recent variations of Santa Inés Icefield, Southern Patagonia - Gurdiel, Isaac; Rada, Camilo; Malz, Philipp; Braun, Matthias; Casassa, Gino (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2022)
The study of glaciers in remote regions improves our understanding of global glacier change. With an area of 149.31 ± 1.84 km2, the Santa Inés Icefield constitutes one of the largest and least studied and explored glaciated areas of Southern Patagonia. We study the extent and glacier variations of the Santa Inés Icefield over the last 75 years, and we generate the most detailed glacier inventory to date of its 24 constituting glaciers. We estimate surface elevation changes between 2000 and 2014 using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and TanDEM-X digital elevation models. Our results show a generalized trend of retreat, with a glacier area loss of −9.78 ± 1.52 km2 between 1998 and 2020, with annual rate increase from −0.15 ± 0.01 km2 a−1 (1998–2005) to −0.58 ± 0.10 km2 a−1 (2005–2020), and an average thinning of 0.60 ± 0.26 m a−1 (2σ) between 2000 and 2014. No clear correlation was found between retreat or thinning rates and Accumulation Area Ratio (AAR), terminus slope, aspect, or glacier type. While ERA5 reanalysis data shows no significant climatic trends in temperature or precipitation, a small warming trend below our detection record is the most likely cause of the observed retreat and thinning of the Santa Inés Icefield.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-07-15
Keywords: Glacier inventory; Patagonia; recent variations

Glacier protection laws: Potential conflicts in managing glacial hazards and adapting to climate change - Iribarren-Anacona, Pablo; Kinney, Josie; Schaefer, Marius; Harrison, Stephan; Wilson, Ryan; Segovia, Alexis; Mazzorana, Bruno; Guerra, Felipe; Farías Barahona, David; Reynolds, John; Glasser, Neil (Ambio, 2018)
The environmental, socioeconomic and cultural significance of glaciers has motivated several countries to regulate activities on glaciers and glacierized surroundings. However, laws written to specifically protect mountain glaciers have only recently been considered within national political agendas. Glacier Protection Laws (GPLs) originate in countries where mining has damaged glaciers and have been adopted with the aim of protecting the cryosphere from harmful activities. Here, we analyze GPLs in Argentina (approved) and Chile (under discussion) to identify potential environmental conflicts arising from law restrictions and omissions. We conclude that GPLs overlook the dynamics of glaciers and could prevent or delay actions needed to mitigate glacial hazards (e.g. artificial drainage of glacial lakes) thus placing populations at risk. Furthermore, GPL restrictions could hinder strategies (e.g. use of glacial lakes as reservoirs) to mitigate adverse impacts of climate change. Arguably, more flexible GPLs are needed to protect us from the changing cryosphere.<br

Glacier runoff variations since 1955 in the Maipo River basin, in the semiarid Andes of central Chile - Ayala, Alvaro; Farías Barahona, David; Huss, Matthias; Pellicciotti, Francesca; Mcphee, James; Farinotti, Daniel (Cryosphere, 2020)
As glaciers adjust their size in response to climate variations, long-term changes in meltwater production can be expected, affecting the local availability of water resources. We investigate glacier runoff in the period 1955-2016 in the Maipo River basin (4843 km(2), 33.0-34.3 degrees S, 69.8-70.5 degrees W), in the semiarid Andes of Chile. The basin contains more than 800 glaciers, which cover 378 km(2) in total (inventoried in 2000). We model the mass balance and runoff contribution of 26 glaciers with the physically oriented and fully distributed TOPKAPI (Topographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration)-ETH glacio-hydrological model and extrapolate the results to the entire basin. TOPKAPI-ETH is run at a daily time step using several glaciological and meteorological datasets, and its results are evaluated against streamflow records, remotely sensed snow cover, and geodetic mass balances for the periods 1955-2000 and 2000-2013. Results show that in 1955-2016 glacier mass balance had a general decreasing trend as a basin average but also had differences between the main sub-catchments. Glacier volume decreased by one-fifth (from 18.6 +/- 4.5 to 14.9 +/- 2.9 km(3)). Runoff from the initially glacierized areas was 177 +/- 25 mm yr(-1) (16 +/- 7 % of the total contributions to the basin), but it shows a decreasing sequence of maxima, which can be linked to the interplay between a decrease in precipitation since the 1980s and the reduction of ice melt. Glaciers in the Maipo River basin will continue retreating because they are not in equilibrium with the current climate. In a hypothetical constant climate scenario, glacier volume would reduce to 81 +/- 38 % of the year 2000 volume, and glacier runoff would be 78 +/- 30 % of the 1955-2016 average. This would considerably decrease the drought mitigation capacity of the basin.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-07-17

Glacier velocities on King George Island (Antarctica) - Braun, Matthias; et al. (IGARSS 2006, 2006)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.glacie

Glazialmorphologische und dendrochronologische Untersuchungen neuzeitlicher Eisrandlagen Ost- und Südtibets - Bräuning, Achim; Lehmkuhl, Frank (Erdkunde, 1996)
Geomorphological and dendrochronological investigations of recent glacier fluctuations in eastern and southern Tibet Investigations of glacier forefields at two sites in eastern and southern Tibet (Chola Shan and Nyainqentanglha Shan, see Fig. 1), show four different ice margins of recent glaciation (I to IV) and one older glacial stage (V). The poor weathering and sharp relief of the moraines, together with the low degree of soil development and vegetation cover, allow the younger phases (I to IV) to be assigned to the global event of the Little Ice Age. Similar moraines, with only sparse vegetation, can also be observed in other regions of the Tibetan plateau. The moraine ridges I to III are retreat phases of the maximum advance IV and can be dated by dendrochronology to the end of the 19th and early 20th century. A minimum age for stage IV is 1788. Phases with reduced tree growth can be correlated with cooler summer conditions and, to some extent, with enhanced glacier activity. The Little Ice Age event coincides with cooling periods in China and Tibet in the 14th to 19th century. In the Nianbaoyeze (eastern Tibet), a fossil soil with a radiocarbon age of 1385 ? 170 BP indicates a maximum age for stage IV. The older, densely vegetated moraine stage V might cor respond to the so called Neoglacial period beginning about 3000 BP.

Global City als Projekt: Neoliberale Urbanisierung und Politiken der Exklusion in Metro Manila - Michel, Boris (transcipt, 2010)

Global Climate Change Impacts on Local Climate and Hydrology - Breuer, Lutz; Exbrayat, Jean Francois; Plesca, Ina; Buytaert, Wouter; Ehmann, Theresa; Peters, Thorsten; Timbe, Edison; Trachte, Katja; Windhorst, David (Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Ecological Studies, 2013)
Global climate change will most likely have a severe impact on local climate and hydrological cycling in the tropical montane rainforest. We used a simple statistical downscaling technique for eight general circulation models and two IPCC AR4 emission scenarios (A1B, A2) to forecast feasible local climate conditions for the San Francisco river basin for three future time slices (2010–2039, 2040–2069, 2070–2099). These simulations were then used as forcing data for an ensemble of seven catchment scale rainfall-runoff models to investigate the effects on local hydrological fluxes. Precipitation for both emission scenarios is expected to increase, especially in the months May and June. These increases in precipitation input will lead to even more dynamic discharges as today. However, part of the increasing water input is compensated by raising evapotranspiration due to higher temperatures. Finally, we give an outlook on feasible future trends of water-related ecosystem services under climate change.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.global

Global glacier surface elevation change and geodetic mass balance estimations - Malz, Philipp; Sommer, Christian; Seehaus, Thorsten; Farías-Barahona, David; Braun, Matthias (Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR, 2021)
Glaciers worldwide undergo drastic adaption caused by climate change. A detailed knowledge about their status is of broad public interest, as glaciers are freshwater resources and drivers of sea level change. We aim at providing elevation change rates for mountain glaciers worldwide between 60° N and 56° S and respective geodetic mass balance. Therefore, we derive DEMs from TanDEM-X CoSSC datasets via own dInSAR processing. These DEMs are referenced, aligned and compared to SRTM V.3 DEMs. Resulting elevation change information are converted to mass balance and result to -64.5±2.8 Gt a-1 on 184,056 km2 (SRTM constraints).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-04

Global time series and temporal mosaics of glacier surface velocities derived from Sentinel-1 data - Friedl, Peter; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias (Earth System Science Data, 2021)
Consistent and continuous data on glacier surface velocity are important inputs to time series analyses, numerical ice dynamic modeling and glacier mass flux computations. Since 2014, repeat-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have been acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite constellation as part of the Copernicus program of the EU (European Union) and ESA (European Space Agency). It enables global, near-real-time-like and fully automatic processing of glacier surface velocity fields at up to 6 d temporal resolution, independent of weather conditions, season and daylight. We present a new global data set of glacier surface velocities that comprises continuously updated scene-pair velocity fields, as well as monthly and annually averaged velocity mosaics at 200 m spatial resolution. The velocity information is derived from archived and new Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions by applying a well-established intensity offset tracking technique. The data set covers 12 major glacierized regions outside the polar ice sheets and is generated in an HPC (high-performance computing) environment at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. The velocity products are freely accessible via an interactive web portal that provides capabilities for download and simple online analyses: http://retreat.geographie.uni-erlangen.de (last access: 6 October 2021). In this paper, we give information on the data processing and how to access the data. For the example region of Svalbard, we demonstrate the potential of our products for velocity time series analyses at very high temporal resolution and assess the quality of our velocity products by comparing them to those generated from very high-resolution TerraSAR-X SAR and Landsat-8 optical (ITS_LIVE, GoLIVE) data. The subset of Sentinel-1 velocities for Svalbard analyzed in this paper is accessible via the GFZ Potsdam Data Services under the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2021.016 (Friedl et al., 2021). We find that Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1 annual velocity mosaics are in an overall good agreement, but speckle tracking on Sentinel-1 6 d repeat acquisitions derives more reliable velocity measurements over featureless and slow-moving areas than the optical data. Additionally, uncertainties of 12 d repeat Sentinel-1 mid-glacier scene-pair velocities have less than half (< 0.08 m d−1) of the uncertainties derived for 16 d repeat Landsat-8 data (0.17–0.18 m d−1).

Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System - Barthel, Stephan; Isendahl, Christian; Vis, Benjamin N.; Drescher, Axel; Evans, Daniel L.; van Timmeren, Arjan (Anthropocene Review, 2019)
Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries out a critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas – because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationships may trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also setting in motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set the scene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on which to act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on the political complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons. We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enabling robust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligning global advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples where empowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulating effect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-09
Keywords: cropland; economic globalization; food security; Global South; global sustainability; human resilience; social-ecological teleconnection; soil health; urban and peri-urban agriculture; urbanization

Going Global, Veiling the Poor: Global City Imaginaries in Metro Manila - Michel, Boris (Philippine Studies, 2010)

Google Earth konkret. Anregungen zum Unterrichtseinsatz jenseits von Spiel und Intuition - Pingold, Markus; Feick, Sebastian (Praxis Geographie, 2009)
Keywords: Didaktik; Lehre; Geographieunterricht; Geomedien; Google Earth; virtuelle Globen

Gouvernementalität der Freundschaft – Lokale Praktiken, Technologien und Emotionalitäten im kommunalpolitischen „Dialog mit Muslimen“ - Winkler, Jan (Transcript, 2021)
Keywords: Gouvernementalität

Governance diffusion in Europe – the EGTC tool and its spatial implementation patterns - Chilla, Tobias; Sielker, Franziska; Othengrafen, Frank (2017)

Governing digital circulation: the quest for data control and sovereignty in Germany - Dammann, Finn; Glasze, Georg (Territory, Politics, Governance, 2022)
How is the circulation of digital data to be governed? This question is the subject of often conflicting political rationalities. Focusing on internet and data politics in Germany, we identify fundamental problematizations in governing data circulation on the basis of a mixed-methods analysis of the public–political discussion. In doing so, we elaborate the genealogy of a tension between two political rationalities. On the one hand, there are the political rationalities of a global information society since the 1990s. These have propelled the free circulation of data across national borders and Germany’s integration into an international and competitive telecommunications and information technology market. In these rationalities, state intervention in the circulation of data is seen as a dangerous obstacle to economic competitiveness and social prosperity. On the other hand, there are the political rationalities of a digitally sovereign statehood since the early 2010s. These consider state intervention in data circulation as a guarantor of economic prosperity, democracy and the ability to govern. We argue that prominent political technologies of territorial regulation of data circulation currently discussed and experimented within Germany can be interpreted as attempts to harmonize this field of tension.<br
Keywords: Germany; territory; digital sovereignty; data politics; digital circulation; data flows

Gradients in urban material composition: A new concept to map cities with spaceborne imaging spectroscopy data - Jilge, Marianne; Heiden, Uta; Neumann, Carsten; Feilhauer, Hannes (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2019)
To understand processes in urban environments, such as urban energy fluxes or surface temperature patterns, it is important to map urban surface materials. Airborne imaging spectroscopy data have been successfully used to identify urban surface materials mainly based on unmixing algorithms. Upcoming spaceborne Imaging Spectrometers (IS), such as the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP), will reduce the time and cost-critical limitations of airborne systems for Earth Observation (EO). However, the spatial resolution of all operated and planned IS in space will not be higher than 20 to 30 m and, thus, the detection of pure Endmember (EM) candidates in urban areas, a requirement for spectral unmixing, is very limited. Gradient analysis could be an alternative method for retrieving urban surface material compositions in pixels from spaceborne IS. The gradient concept is well known in ecology to identify plant species assemblages formed by similar environmental conditions but has never been tested for urban materials. However, urban areas also contain neighbourhoods with similar physical, compositional and structural characteristics. Based on this assumption, this study investigated (1) whether cover fractions of surface materials change gradually in urban areas and (2) whether these gradients can be adequately mapped and interpreted using imaging spectroscopy data (e.g. EnMAP) with 30 m spatial resolution.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-15

Grasser, Patrick: Whiskyland Franken : die Macher, die Genießer, die Botschafter. Cadolzburg 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2018)

Grasslands and Shrublands of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia - Wagner, Viktoria; Bragina, Tatyana M.; Nowak, Arkadiusz; Smelansky, Ilya E.; Vanselow, Kim (Encyclopedia of the World's Biomes, 2020)
Kazakhstan and Middle Asia comprise 4 million km2 of plains, uplands and tall mountain ranges in the core of the Eurasian continent. The region's semi-arid climate, grazing pressure by wild and domestic ungulates, and long pastoral tradition, have given rise to a variety of open habitat types and a distinct flora and fauna. Grasslands and shrublands are a natural and dominant vegetation type in the forest-steppe and steppe zone of northern and central Kazakhstan, as part of the Eurasian grassland biome. In Middle Asia, grasslands and shrublands are widespread habitat types in the Tian Shan, Pamir-Alai and Pamir-mountain systems that have been recently acknowledged as a global biodiversity hotspot. Here, grasslands and shrublands are often semi-natural, formed by a long practice of logging, burning and domestic livestock grazing, and comprise a variety of vegetation types, including Eurosiberian meadows and steppe, Irano-Turanian semi-savanna and thermophilous shrublands. The most serious threats to grassland biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are habitat degradation, including conversion to cropland, pollution, urban development, under- and overgrazing, and illegal hunting. Notwithstanding these threats, Kazakhstan and Middle Asia still harbor vast areas of public, unfenced grasslands and shrublands that are traditionally managed and often embedded in regions with low human density. This makes the region a globally important area for biodiversity conservation.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up

Grassland soils in the cool–arid–temperate ecozone (Steppe, grassland) - You, Mengyang; Xiaobing, Liu; Bäumler, Rupert; Oliver, Margaret A (Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment (Second Edition)., 2023)
Most Mollisols–Chernozems are recognized as inherently productive and fertile soils that have formed under prairie–steppe grassland ecosystems. Their characteristics result from their formation under grassland and a cool–arid–temperate climate in the continental interiors of the northern and southern hemispheres. The effective moisture, mineral weathering, clay translocation, and secondary carbonates are the main factors that determine the environment of pedogenesis in prairie–steppe grassland regions. The distinctive characteristics of Mollisols–Chernozems are a black or dark topsoil with a large organic matter content. They have experienced major land-use change from natural grassland to intensive agriculture, which has led to a decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) content; they are the breadbaskets of the world.<br
Keywords: Chernozems; Classification; Distribution; Kastanozems; Loess; Mollisols; Phaeozems; Soil organic carbon

Gravitationsmodell - Elrick, Tim (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2014)

Grazing Practices and Pasture Tenure in the Eastern Pamirs The Nexus of Pasture Use, Pasture Potential, and Property Rights - Vanselow, Kim; Kraudzun, Tobias; Samimi, Cyrus (Mountain Research and Development, 2012)
This paper deals with the relations between grazing practices, pasture potential, and property rights in the Eastern Pamirs of Tajikistan 10 years after the privatization of 1999. It provides an overview of the spatiotemporal variability of current pasture use and livestock numbers. Assumptions about pasture potential are reconsidered in relation to animals' forage needs in order to draw field-based conclusions regarding over-or underuse in particular areas. Data are derived from interdisciplinary research on post-Soviet pastoralism and associated human-environment interactions. We show that pastoralists in the Eastern Pamirs face several problems: As the land cover resources are meager and variable and hay meadows for winter fodder are rare, herd mobility or external forage inputs are necessary to compensate for weather-related shortages. The current multiseasonal pasture use-a change from the mono-seasonal use of Soviet state farms-discourages plant regeneration. Competition between pastoralist groups is exacerbated by unresolved questions about formal user rights. Conflicts seem inevitable, limiting the sustainable use of natural resources. Based on 2 telling examples, we show that pastures close to villages are used year round, particularly in winter, and are heavily overgrazed. There is less grazing pressure on summer pastures, but some distant and hardly accessible summer pastures show high livestock numbers in summer, contradicting former opinions about their underuse.
Keywords: Pasture use; pasture potential; pasture tenure; carrying capacity; grazing pressure; transformation processes; Pamirs; Tajikistan

Grenzenloser Umweltschutz. Die Internationalisierung der Umweltpolitik in der Europäischen Union - Braun, Boris; Chilla, Tobias (uni.vers, 2006)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.grenze

Grenzübergreifende Kooperation zwischen Albanien, Montenegro und Kosovo vor dem Hintergrund eines möglichen EU-Beitritts Albaniens. Bericht über eine Sommerschule in Albanien. - Weidinger, Tobias; Klein, Johannes (2015)
Keywords: Sommerschule; DAAD; Albanien; Europäische Union; Grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit

Grenzüberschreitende Raumentwicklung Bayerns. Dynamik in der Kooperation – Potenziale der Verflechtung - Chilla, Tobias; Sielker, Franziska (2018)

Grenzüberschreitende Verflechtung – ein Fall von postsouveränder Raumentwicklung? - Chilla, Tobias (Postsouverände Territorialität. Die Europäische Union und ihr Raum, 2015)

Grimmler, Benedikt: Historische Pfade Franken : 30 Wanderungen zu Orten mit Geschichte. München 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Grimmler, Benedikt: Lost & Dark Places Franken : 33 vergessene, verlassene und unheimliche Orte. München 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Großräumige morphologische Entwicklung im Umfeld der ostfriesischen Insel Wangerooge - Konsequenzen für zukünftige Inselschutzkonzepte. Eine GIS - gestützte Analyse. - Grießinger, Jussi (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2002)
UnivIS-Import:2016-07-26:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.grorum

Großwohnsiedlungen als bedrohliche und bedrohte Orte: Sicherheitsdiskurse in Deutschland, Frankreich und Polen - Brailich, Adam; Germes, Melina; Schirmel, Henning; Pütz, Robert; Glasze, Georg (Unsichere Zeiten. Herausforderungen gesellschaftlicher Transformationen. Verhandlungen des 34. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.growoh

Ground and Satellite Based Assessment of Rangeland Management in Sub-Tropical Argentina - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Applied Geography, 2010)
Sustainable rangeland management is an important issue not only in semi-arid areas but also in sub-tropical regions. For optimal utilization and protection of natural resources, spatial information on the current state and grazing intensity are required. In this paper the integration possibilities of remote sensing derived information for an optimized rangeland management in the sub-tropical province of Corrientes, Argentina, are investigated. Multi-temporal Landsat imagery is utilized in order to classify land cover types and grazing intensity. The map legend was produced according to the United Nations/Food and Agriculture Organization Land Cover Classification System with special emphasis on separating different rangeland types and management practices. Grazing intensity categories were defined based on percentage of bare soil, sward height and standing dead material. Following a correlation analysis between spectral information and historical ground truth data, above ground biomass was estimated for rangelands. The relationship between total above ground biomass and NDVI (r2 = 0.5, P = 0.05) was significant but weak. However, rangeland biomass estimation excluding the complex influence of non-edible vegetation remained a challenge. Accurate stocking rates calculated for the Empedrado Department indicated that current rates were 16% higher than those calculated only on an area basis. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserve
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.ground
Keywords: Biomass; Grazing intensity; Land-use classification; Landsat; Rangeland; Remote sensing

Grounding-line migration in plan-view marine ice-sheet models: results of the ice2sea MISMIP3d intercomparison - Pattyn, Frank; Perichon, Laura; Durand, Gael; Favier, Lionel; Gagliardini, Olivier; Hindmarsh, Richard; Zwinger, Thomas; Albrecht, Torsten; Cornford, Stephen; Docquier, David; Fürst, Johannes; Goldberg, Daniel; et al. (Journal of Glaciology, 2013)
Predictions of marine ice-sheet behaviour require models able to simulate grounding-line migration. We present results of an intercomparison experiment for plan-view marine ice-sheet models. Verification is effected by comparison with approximate analytical solutions for flux across the grounding line using simplified geometrical configurations (no lateral variations, no buttressing effects from lateral drag). Perturbation experiments specifying spatial variation in basal sliding parameters permitted the evolution of curved grounding lines, generating buttressing effects. The experiments showed regions of compression and extensional flow across the grounding line, thereby invalidating the boundary layer theory. Steady-state grounding-line positions were found to be dependent on the level of physical model approximation. Resolving grounding lines requires inclusion of membrane stresses, a sufficiently small grid size (<500 m), or subgrid interpolation of the grounding line. The latter still requires nominal grid sizes of <5 km. For larger grid spacings, appropriate parameterizations for ice flux may be imposed at the grounding line, but the short-time transient behaviour is then incorrect and different from models that do not incorporate grounding-line parameterizations. The numerical error associated with predicting grounding-line motion can be reduced significantly below the errors associated with parameter ignorance and uncertainties in future scenarios.

Grounding Line Retreat and Ice Discharge Variability at Two Surging, Ice Shelf-Forming Basins of Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Northern Greenland - Möller, Marco; Friedl, Peter; Palmer, Steven J.; Marzeion, Ben (Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, 2022)
Ice discharge from Flade Isblink ice cap (NE Greenland) maintains an ice shelf at the northwestern fringe of the ice cap. The two outlet basins feeding this ice shelf surged during the late 1990s. Ice shelves are rare in Greenland and surges of ice shelf terminating glaciers even rarer. Understanding and explaining the evolution of ice mass changes in the two basins is hampered by a lack of knowledge about processes at their grounding zones. We determined, for the first time, the grounding line locations of these basins and analyzed their variability with time. We further quantified ice discharge and its variability during the period 1988–2020. We found that the grounding lines advanced slightly between 1993 and 1999 during the glacier surges, but showed overall retreats of 2.2 ± 1.3 km in basin 2 and 2.7 ± 0.9 km in basin 3 until 2019 over retrograde sloping beds. The retreats were promoted by increasing buoyancy forces due to increasing water depth, but opposing buttressing forces of the ice shelf induced a differing response of the grounding line in the two basins. Based on the observed patterns of flow and retreat, we characterized the surges as “Svalbard-type”, modified by buttressing effects of the ice shelf. We calculated total ice discharges over the study period of 1.85 ± 1.59 Gt in basin 2 and 1.38 ± 1.22 Gt in basin 3. We observed reductions in ice discharge of at least 90% after the surges, that persisted for the remainder of the period studied.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-04
Keywords: Greenland; grounding line; ice cap; ice discharge; ice shelf

Growth-climate relationships of four tree species in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in Southwest China - Xu, Tong Liang; Yang, Rao Qiong; Zaw, Zaw; Fu, Pei Li; Panthi, Shankar; Bräuning, Achim; Fan, Ze Xin (Dendrochronologia, 2024)
Subtropical forests are an important carbon sink, yet our understanding on tree growth response to inter-annual climate variability remains limited. This study investigated the growth-climate relationships of four evergreen broad-leaved tree species (Stewartia pteropetiolata W. C. Cheng, Schima noronhae Reinw. ex Bl. Bijdr, Machilus gamblei King ex J. D. Hooker, and Machilus yunnanensis Lec) in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBFs) in the Ailao Mountains of Yunnan province, southwest China. We constructed tree ring-width residual chronologies for each species and correlated them with daily and monthly climate data. Ring-width chronologies of S. pteropetiolata and S. noronhae were positively correlated with precipitation, relative humidity, and self-calibrated Palmer drought index (scPDSI) during autumn of the previous year and spring-to-early summer of the current year, indicating that these two Theaceae species were sensitive to moisture availability. Tree radial growth of two Machilus species was primarily limited by excessive precipitation and dense cloud cover during the rainy season in this middle montane cloud forest. Moving correlations between climate variables and radial growth of all species were temporally unstable, with a weakening response to climate variability in recent decades. We highlight the dendroclimatic potential of evergreen broad-leaved tree species in moist subtropical forests. The findings offer a pertinent perspective, emphasizing the necessity of separately considering distinct ecological indicators for trees in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of climate-growth responses within highly diverse subtropical forests.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2024-03-22
Keywords: Climate change; Evergreen broad-leaved tree species; Growth-climate relationship; Subtropical; Tree rings

Growth-climate relationships of high-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains, China - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 7: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2008 Scientific Technical Report STR 09/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.growth

Growth–climate responses of high-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Cao, Kun-Fang; Zhu, Shi-Dan (Forest Ecology and Management, 2009)
Improved understanding of tree-growth responses to climate is needed to model and predict forest ecosystem responses to current and future climatic variability. We applied dendroclimatological techniques to assess the effects of inter-annual climate variations on radial growth of high-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. Eight tree-ring width chronologies of the major tree genera Abies and Picea that are aligned along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 4200 m a.s.l. were developed. Correlation and principal component analyses for the eight chronologies identified three groups of sites, representing different patterns of growth-climate relationships. Correlation and redundancy analyses with regional climate data revealed that radial growth of fir growing at high-elevation sites is enhanced by normal or warm summer temperatures (June and July) during the current growing season. In addition, radial growth of trees growing from high to middle elevations is sensitive to low temperatures during winter season. At low-elevation sites, trees display low sensitivity to temperature variation. However spring moisture availability becomes crucial for radial growth regardless of tree species. High- to middle-elevation conifers in the central Hengduan Mountains may benefit from the current climate warming, especially from rising winter temperatures.
Keywords: Climate change; Dendroclimatology; Hengduan Mountains; Tree-rings

Growth-climate responses of oak and juniper trees in different exposures of the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran - Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Bräuning, Achim; Poursartip, Ladan; Burchardt, Iris (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)

Growth-climate sensitivity of two pine species shows species-specific changes along temperature and moisture gradients in southwest China - Yang, Rao Qiong; Fu, Pei Li; Fan, Ze Xin; Panthi, Shankar; Gao, Jie; Niu, Ying; Li, Zong Shan; Bräuning, Achim (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2022)
A better understanding of tree growth-climate sensitivity across regions and species may reduce uncertainties in simulating forest carbon budgets. We studied the spatial heterogeneity of growth-climate sensitivity of Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus kesiya across temperature and moisture gradients in the complex mountain regions of Southwest China. We developed tree ring-width chronologies from 22 sites for P. yunnanensis and 20 sites for P. kesiya, totaling 903 trees (1684 cores). We applied generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) on basal area increment (BAI) series to remove the age and size effects on tree growth, and correlated BAI residual chronologies with climate variables. Radial growth of P. yunnanensis and P. kesiya at most sites (> 75%) were positively correlated with precipitation and one-month Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI1) during the early growing season (February to May). In contrast, high precipitation and SPEI1 during the late growing season reduced tree growth of both pine species. The growth-climate sensitivity of both pine species varied along the temperature and moisture gradients, i.e., moisture sensitivity of tree growth decreased along a dry-to-humid moisture gradients for P. kesiya during early growing season, whereas temperature sensitivity of P. yunnanensis shifted from positive (beneficial) to negative (limitative) along cold-to-warm gradients. Our results indicate that the growth-climate sensitivity of both pine species varies with site-specific environmental conditions. These findings contribute to improve our understanding about the spatial patterns of tree growth-climate responses of these economically important conifer species in Southwest China.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-25
Keywords: Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Environmental gradients; Pinus kesiya; Pinus yunnanensis; Tree rings

Growth dynamics and potential for cross-dating and multi-century climate reconstruction of Podocarpus falcatus in Ethiopia. - Krepkowski, Julia; Bräuning, Achim; Gebrekirstos, Aster (Dendrochronologia, 2012)
Podocarpus falcatus is an indigenous evergreen conifer species of tropical mountain forests in southeastern Ethiopia, showing potential tree ages of around 500 years. To study the influence of seasonal climate on the growth pattern of P. falcatus, we combined high-resolution electronic dendrometer measurements with wood anatomical investigations of microcores from the outermost stem parts collected in monthly intervals. At any time of the year sufficient rain events are able to cause cambial activity in P. falcatus. This permanent growing readiness leads to irregular wood formation with the formation of intra-annual density fluctuations and missing rings. Wood anatomical studies of microcores collected around the circumference of a mature P. falcatus revealed locally different activity status of the cambium on different lobes of the stem. Tree-ring width measurements of stem disks resulted in tentative tree ages that were confirmed by radiocarbon dating of selected wood samples. Although our efforts to cross-date ring-width series from several stem disks were not successful, further sampling in areas with different rainfall regimes, additional radiocarbon dating and measurements of stable isotopes hopefully would enable the establishment of a multi-century-long tree-ring series for climate reconstruction.
Keywords: Tropical dendroecology; Wood anatomy; Tree rings; Cambial growth dynamics; Radiocarbon dating; Ethiopia; Podocarpus falcatus

Growth dynamics of Podocarpus falcatus - Krepkowski, Julia; Bräuning, Achim; Gebrekirstos, Aster (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 9: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2010 Scientific Technical Report STR 11/07, GFZ Potsdam, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.growth

Growth dynamics of Tabebuia chrysantha, and their relationship with climatic factors in a dry and humid forest in southern Ecuador - Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo; Bräuning, Achim (Islands in land- and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation, 2012)
The objective of our study is to evaluate tree growth of the deciduous tree species Tabebuia chrysantha (Bignoniaceae) in two different forest types of southern Ecuador under different climatic conditions, namely in a dry forest (Laipuna Natural Reserve) and a mountain cloud forest (Reserva Biologica San Francisco). To investigate the temporal dynamics of growth, high resolution electronic dendrometers were installed, measuring tree diameter changes in 30 minute intervals. Wood formation was studied by means of wood anatomical studies, obtaining micro cores in monthly intervals. The two independent sources of information complement each other since stem diameter variations may also be caused by changes in the hydrological status of a stem. The observed diurnal stem diameter fluctuations have been primarily controlled by radiation which increased the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit and the transpirational water loss of the trees. The formation of visible growth ring boundaries marked by a marginal parenchyma in the deciduous T. chrysantha has enabled us to detect the annual dynamic of growth, which is induced by the seasonality of the hydrological cycle in the dry forest. In the dry period, the trunk is shrinking and the cambium is in a state of dormancy.

Growth Dynamics of Trees in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems - Bräuning, Achim; Homeier, Jürgen; Cueva, Eduardo; Beck, Erwin; Günter, Sven (Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, 2008)
Tropical mountain rainforests are commonly regarded as a stable ecosystem in which life processes face almost invariable environmental conditions. However, as discussed for the eastern Cordillera of Ecuador in Chapter 8, even the perhumid tropics experience a more or less pronounced seasonality of precipitation patterns. Intra annual fluctuations of temperature are small and usually do not depart more than 1–3 K from the annual mean. In contrast, diurnal temperature variations of 5.1 K and 11.1 K were recorded at elevations of 2670m a.s.l. and 1950m a.s.l., respectively. Short-term climate irregularities, e.g. during periods with prevailing westerly winds, can alter the normal climate conditions considerably and thus are of great significance for plant life. Furthermore, tremendous short-distance variations of the climate are caused by effects of altitude and topography (Richter 2003).
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.growth

Growth of Tropical Bracken (Pteridium arachnoideum): Response to Weather Variations and Burning. - Roos, Kristin; Rollenbeck, Rütger; Peters, Thorsten; Bendix, Jörg; Beck, Erwin (Invasive Plant Science and Management, 2010)
The ecology of tropical bracken, which occurs in tropical regions, is not well known. We studied its response to weather variations and burning in the south Ecuadorian Andes, where this weed had already overgrown 40 of the pastureland. In field observations, a constant 1:1 ratio of emerging and dying leaves suggested limitation of frond density by nutrient shortage. Short-term deviations from that ratio could be related to weather variations. Spells of dry weather temporarily increased mortality but stimulated emergence of new fronds. Lifespan of the fronds produced immediately after a fire was longer than of those produced during unaffected bracken growth. A burst of frond development during the initial 2 to 3 mo was observed after a fire followed by self-thinning to a stable level. To analyze the effect of fire on bracken, rhizomes were treated with heat pulses. Rhizomes were heat tolerant up to 70 C, and frond production from short shoots was enhanced by elevated temperature. Burning apparently releases apical dominance of developed fronds, as does cutting, and stimulates bud break. The local practice of pasture maintenance in Ecuador of repeated burning favors growth of the fern. Nomenclature: Bracken, Pteridium aquilinum agg. (L.) Kuhn; tropical bracken (bracken of the southern hemisphere), e.g., neotropical Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon and Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon © 2010 Weed Science Society of America.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.growth
Keywords: fire ecology; heat effects on rhizome; invasive ferns; Tropical bracken; vegetation dynamics