The Delphi method in ESPON: State of the art, innovations and thoughts for future developments. Science in support of European Territorial Development and Cohesion - Evrard, Estelle; Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (Second ESPON 2013 Scientific Report, 2013)

The development of a long pine (Pinus wallichiana) chronology from western Nepal from living trees and 14C-dated historic wood samples - Bräuning, Achim; Scharf, Andreas; Kretschmer, Wolfgang; Gierl, Stefanie; Leichmann, Katrin; Burchardt, Iris (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 9: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2010 Scientific Technical Report STR 11/07, GFZ Potsdam, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2017-12-18:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.thedev

The distribution and evolution of supraglacial lakes on 79 degrees N Glacier (north-eastern Greenland) and interannual climatic controls - Turton, Jenny; Hochreuther, Philipp; Reimann, Nathalie; Blau, Manuel T. (Cryosphere, 2021)
The Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier (also known as the 79 degrees North Glacier) drains approximately 8% of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Supraglacial lakes (SGLs), or surface melt ponds, are a persistent summertime feature and are thought to drain rapidly to the base of the glacier and influence seasonal ice velocity. However, seasonal development and spatial distribution of SGLs in the north-east of Greenland are poorly understood, leaving a substantial error in the estimate of meltwater and its impacts on ice velocity. Using results from an automated detection of melt ponds, atmospheric and surface mass balance modelling, and reanalysis products, we investigate the role of specific climatic conditions in melt onset, extent, and duration from 2016 to 2019. The summers of 2016 and 2019 were characterised by above-average air temperatures, particularly in June, as well as a number of rainfall events, which led to extensive melt ponds to elevations up to 1600 m. Conversely, 2018 was particularly cold, with a large accumulated snowpack, which limited the development of lakes to altitudes less than 800 m. There is evidence of inland expansion and increases in the total area of lakes compared to the early 2000s, as projected by future global warming scenarios.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-09-03

The 'Divergence Problem' in tree-ring research - Büntgen, Ulf; Wilson, Robert; Wilmking, Martin; Niedzwiedz, Tadeusz; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 7: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2008 Scientific Technical Report STR 09/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.thediv

The domestic dimension of cross-border governance: Patterns of coordination and cooperation - Chilla, Tobias (Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 2023)
Contemporary debates in border studies tend to see the na-tional level as a rather residual category. There are, however, strong arguments that the national level still plays an impor-tant role for the governance of border regions. The question is what kind of formats are in place related to coordination and networking of border regions within national settings. The aim of this paper is to provide an exploratory typology of domes-tic governance settings. The underlying empirical study shows a large diversity of governance patterns in thirteen Euro-pean countries. A synthetic typology reveals five approaches, namely centralist, decentral and selective coordination as well as transnational and laisser-faire approaches. On this basis, the explanatory factors of the revealed governance patterns are discussed. The state structure (federal, centralist) plays an important role. Moreover, contingent political strategies, embedded in political culture and path dependency, help to understand the differences and the similarities between the analysed countries. The domestic governance dimension seems to bridge the frictions between the rather classical in-ner-state hierarchies and the soft networking tools of cross -border governance in the strict sense.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-05-19

The dry and the wet case: Tree growth response in climatologically contrasting years on the island of corsica - Häusser, Martin; Szymczak, Sonja; Knerr, Isabel; Bendix, Jörg; Garel, Emilie; Huneau, Frédéric; Trachte, Katja; Santoni, Sébastien; Bräuning, Achim (Forests, 2021)
Stem radial variations of Corsican Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold subsp. laricio Maire) and Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) were monitored to quantify the impact of two meteorologically contrasting consecutive years. On the French island of Corsica, in the western Mediterranean basin, the year 2017 was extremely dry, while 2018 was exceptionally wet. We attached electric band den-drometers to 36 pines along an east–west transect, spanning the central mountain range, and set up automated weather stations at all five sites, ranging from 10 m asl to 1600 m asl. Stem radial variations (SRV) were separated into irreversible growth (GRO) and tree water deficit (TWD) periods. During the drought of 2017, the most severe tree water deficits occurred in the western part of the island, whereas trees at higher elevations were more affected than at lower elevations. A prolonged decrease of SRV, even close to the tree line, suggests bimodal growth and reveals high plasticity of growth patterns in both Corsican pines. Stem radial variations correlated significantly with precipitation and temperature. The positive correlations of GRO with precipitation and the negative correlations of TWD with temperature imply that high evapotranspiration led to the intense period of TWD in 2017. A novel approach was used to further investigate the growth/climate relationship by including synoptic-scale pressure situations. This revealed that an elevation gradient in GRO per weather pattern was only present in the wet year and that even rarely occurring weather patterns can have a substantial impact on tree growth. This novel approach provides a more comprehensive insight into meteorological drivers of tree growth patterns by incorporating different scales of the climatic system.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-09-17
Keywords: Drought; Electrical band dendrometer; Mediter-ranean; Pinus nigra subsp. laricio; Pinus pinaster; Stem radial variations; Tree water deficit

The effects of climatic change on glacial, proglacial and paraglacial systems at Collins Glacier, King George Island, Antarctica, from the end of the little ice age to the 21st century Los efectos de los cambios climáticos en los sistemas glaciales, proglaciales y periglaciales del glaciar Collins, isla Rey Jorge, Antártica, del final de la Pequeña Edad del Hielo al siglo XXI - Petsch, Carina; da Rosa, Kátia Kellem; Vieira, Rosemary; Braun, Matthias; Costa, Rafaela Mattos; Simões, Jefferson Cardia (Investigaciones Geográficas, 2020)
The analysis of glacial and ice-marginal systems may contribute to understanding the impact of climatic change. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the glacial, proglacial and paraglacial system in response to the Collins glacier retreat, between the Little Ice Age (LIA) and 2070. Glacial geomorphological mapping reveals landforms that are diagnostic of a terrestrial-terminating glacier in the past. Glacial and the proglacial systems were mapped to evaluate the ice-marginal evolution. The field measurement, satellite imagery, granulometric and morphoscopic sedimentary analysis, and geomorphological data are analyzed. The Collins glacier surface topography has been surveyed by DGNSS during 11 years (1997/98-2008/09) and for glacier area estimation in 2030, 2050 and 2070 CE. The Collins glacier lost 1.4 km2 in the period LIA-2018. Under an atmospheric warming scenario, using the temperature melt index model the glacier will lose approximately 5% of its total area until 2030 (0.90 km2) 21% (3.60 km2) by 2050, and 35% (5.90 km2) by 2070 CE. Four sectors in the proglacial zone are identified: Sector 1 displays changes on the front of the glacier since the LIA, a push moraine in only one sector, presence of flutings and moraines of recession. Sector 2 showed shrinkage around 100 meters in the period LIA-2018, presenting recessional and push moraines of about 10 meters of height. Sector 3 showed 350 meters of the shrinkage since the LIA, and recessional moraines, and absence of the push moraines. Sector 4, showed 1500 meters of the shrinkage since the LIA, a push moraine of about 12 meters high. This behavior that occurs since the LIA allows validating the future scenario model. The ice-free areas could expand 1,4 km2 by the end of 2070 decade if considered since LIA. However, it should be noted that if the glacier continues to retreat, the system will be subject to hydrological and sedimentary readjustments at various stages in the future.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-19
Keywords: Glacier retreat; Landforms; Paraglacial adjustment; Proglacial system

The EU food label 'protected geographical indication': Economic implications and their spatial dimension - Chilla, Tobias; Fink, Benedikt; Balling, Richard; Reitmeier, Simon; Schober, Karola (Sustainability, 2020)
This study analyses the economic effects of the EU policy on the protection of origin. The focus is on three types of food products with Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), whose reference areas are located in the Free State of Bavaria: Beer (Bayerisches Bier PGI), asparagus (Franken-Spargel PGI, Schrobenhausener Spargel PGI), and carp (Aischgrunder Karpfen PGI, Oberpfalzer Karpfen PGI). The study is based on secondary statistical analysis and a series of expert interviews. The results show positive effects on sales mainly for beer on international markets, and positive effects on price mainly for carp on the local and regional levels. All in all, we see that protection of origin stabilizes and supports the economic trajectory of its product. This study also shows that its economic effects vary widely: Firstly, price and sales effects are not automatic and differ in intensity; and secondly, the spatial dimensions of the economic effects exhibit different patterns. The primarily price-related effects at the local-regional level for carp (and to some extent for asparagus) are categorized as local effects (type A). The sales effect at the global level for beer is categorized as type B (export effect). Finally, this study postulates further potential forms of 'price and sales geographies'.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-08-21
Keywords: Asparagus; Bavaria; Beer; Carp; Economic effects; EU policy; Protected geographical indication; Protection of origin

The EU Strategy for the Danube Region – The Emergence of Soft Spaces and the Role of Actors - Sielker, Franziska (Proceedings of the 26th Annual Congress of the Association of European Schools of Planning, 11.-15. July 2012. Ankara, Turkey, 2012)

The geographical gaze. Towards a history of science of Geography's scopic regimes - Michel, Boris (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2014)
It is commonplace within the discipline to regard Geography as a visual discipline. Nonetheless it often remains unclear that this means and how it relates to questions of communicating or constructing geographical knowledge. This article tries to focus on Geography's scopic regimes, i. e. historical and disciplinary modes of seeing, showing and describing, from the perspective of a history of science. Visuality, it is claimed, is closely linked to disciplinary paradigms and theories. Making things visible is a key moment of scientific practices and rationalities. Focusing on the Landschafts paradigm, aerial photography and early contributions to the Quantitative Revolution, this article illustrates how it might be fruitful to read paradigms in Geography through the lenses of its scopic regimes.
Keywords: Germany; History of geography; History of science; Regional geography; Visuality

The glaciers climate change initiative: Methods for creating glacier area, elevation change and velocity products - Paul, Frank; Bolch, Tobias; Kääb, Andreas; Nagler, Thomas; Nuth, Christopher; Scharrer, Kilian; Shepherd, Andrew; Strozzi, Tazzio; Ticconi, Francesca; Bhambri, Rakesh; Berthier, Etienne; Bevan, Suzanne; et al. (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015)
Glaciers and their changes through time are increasingly obtained from a wide range of satellite sensors. Due to the often remote location of glaciers in inaccessible and high-mountain terrain, satellite observations frequently provide the only available measurements. Furthermore, satellite data provide observations of glacier characteristics that are difficult to monitor using ground-based measurements, thus complementing the latter. In the Glaciers_cci project of the European Space Agency (ESA), three of these characteristics are investigated in detail: glacier area, elevation change and surface velocity. We use (a) data from optical sensors to derive glacier outlines, (b) digital elevation models from at least two points in time, (c) repeat altimetry for determining elevation changes, and (d) data from repeat optical and microwave sensors for calculating surface velocity. For the latter, the two sensor types provide complementary information in terms of spatio-temporal coverage. While (c) and (d) can be generated mostly automatically, (a) and (b) require the intervention of an analyst. Largely based on the results of various round robin experiments (multi-analyst benchmark studies) for each of the products, we suggest and describe the most suitable algorithms for product creation and provide recommendations concerning their practical implementation and the required post-processing. For some of the products (area, velocity) post-processing can influence product quality more than the main-processing algorithm. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Glacier area; Glacier elevation change; Glacier velocity; Optical and microwave remote sensing; Round robin experiment; Accuracy determination; Algorithm selection

The Heat Exposure Integrated Deprivation Index (HEIDI): A data-driven approach to quantifying neighborhood risk during extreme hot weather - Krstic, Nicolas; Yuchi, Weiran; Ho, Hung Chak; Walker, Blake; Knudby, Anders J.; Henderson, Sarah B. (Environment International, 2017)
Mortality attributable to extreme hot weather is a growing concern in many urban environments, and spatial heat vulnerability indexes are often used to identify areas at relatively higher and lower risk. Three indexes were developed for greater Vancouver, Canada using a pool of 20 potentially predictive variables categorized to reflect social vulnerability, population density, temperature exposure, and urban form. One variable was chosen from each category: an existing deprivation index, senior population density, apparent temperature, and road density, respectively. The three indexes were constructed from these variables using (1) unweighted, (2) weighted, and (3) data-driven Heat Exposure Integrated Deprivation Index (HEIDI) approaches. The performance of each index was assessed using mortality data from 1998–2014, and the maps were compared with respect to spatial patterns identified. The population-weighted spatial correlation between the three indexes ranged from 0.68–0.89. The HEIDI approach produced a graduated map of vulnerability, whereas the other approaches primarily identified areas of highest risk. All indexes performed best under extreme temperatures, but HEIDI was more useful at lower thresholds. Each of the indexes in isolation provides valuable information for public health protection, but combining the HEIDI approach with unweighted and weighted methods provides richer information about areas most vulnerable to heat.
Keywords: Heat vulnerability index; Hot weather mortality; Case-crossover analysis; Spatial mapping; Index performance; Public health

The HIV/AIDS crisis - Botswana's strategic answer as a role model? - Geiselhart, Klaus; Krüger, Fred (Geographische Rundschau, 2007)
Southern Africa is severely hit by the HIV and AIDS pandemic. Botswana leads the list of high prevalence countries. Since 2002, the government of Botswana provides free antiretroviral therapy for all eligible HIV and'AIDS patients. The article describes the HIV/AIDS background and the ARV programme. It explores why this ARV-scheme, although sophisticated und successful, may have only limited potential to serve as a role model. In Botswana medical infrastructure had already been well established and served as an entry point for ARV schemes. Also, political and economic "good governance" helped in gaining international support. However, the new social transformation processes induced by the ARV programme need to be monitored closely.

The ice‐free topography of Svalbard - Fürst, Johannes; Navarro, Francisco J.; Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien; Huss, Matthias; Moholdt, Geir; Fettweis, Xavier; Lang, Charlotte; Seehaus, Thorsten; Ai, Songtao; Benham, Toby; Benn, Doug; Björnsson, Helgi; et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 2018)
We present a first version of the Svalbard ice-free topography (SVIFT1.0) using a mass conserving approach for mapping glacier ice thickness. SVIFT1.0 is informed by more than 1 million point measurements, totalling more than 8,700 km of thickness profiles. SVIFT1.0 is publicly available and represents the geometric state around the year 2010. Our estimate for the total ice volume is 6,199 km(3), equivalent to 1.5-cm sea level rise. The thickness map suggests that 13% of the glacierized area is grounded below sea level. A complementary map of error estimates comprises uncertainties in the thickness surveys as well as in other input variables. Aggregated error estimates are used to define a likely ice-volume range of 5,200-7,300 km(3). The ice front thickness of marine-terminating glaciers is a key quantity for ice loss attribution because it controls the potential ice discharge by iceberg calving into the ocean. We find a mean ice front thickness of 135 m for the archipelago (likely range 123-158 m).Plain Language Summary Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, north of Norway, which is comparable in size to the New York metropolitan area. Roughly half of it is covered by glacier ice. Yet to this day, the ice volume stored in the many glaciers on Svalbard is not well known. Many attempts have been made to infer a total volume estimate, but results differ substantially. This surprises because of the long research activity in this area. A large record of more than 1 million thickness measurements exists, making Svalbard an ideal study area for the application of a state-of-the-art mapping approach for glacier ice thickness. The mapping approach computes an ice volume that will raise global sea level by more than half an inch if instantaneously melted. If spread over the metropolitan area, New York would be buried beneath a 100-m ice cover. The asset of this approach is that it provides not only a thickness map for each glacier on the archipelago but also an error map that defines the likely local thickness range. Finally, we provide the first well-informed estimate of the ice front thickness of all marine-terminating glaciers that loose icebergs to the ocean. The archipelago-wide mean ice front cliff is 135 m.

Theil, Walter: Fichtelgebirge mit Naturpark Frankenwald und Naturpark Steinwald : 55 Touren. Innsbruck 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

The impact of warming climate on Himalayan silver fir growth along an elevation gradient in the Mt. Everest region - Gaire, Narayan Prasad; Zaw, Zaw; Bräuning, Achim; Grießinger, Jussi; Sharma, Bimal; Rana, Prabina; Bhandari, Sanjaya; Basnet, Saroj; Fan, Ze Xin (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2023)
The impacts of rapid climate change in the Himalayan region on growth and sensitivity of tree species across their entire elevation distribution range are not well understood. This study investigates the growth and climate sensitivity of the endemic species Himalayan silver fir (Abies spectabilis, D.Don) along an elevation gradient in the sub-alpine belt in the Mt. Everest region. We developed tree ring-width chronologies, spanning 98 to 310 years, from six sites along an elevation gradient (3400–4100 m a.s.l.). The growth of Himalayan silver fir is primarily limited by low temperatures during the growing season and moisture availability during spring. Significant positive correlations were found between tree growth and mean, minimum and maximum temperatures for most parts of the vegetation period except spring. In contrast, significant positive correlations are apparent for precipitation, self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI), and standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) during the spring season (March–May) at most of the elevations except for the upper treeline site. Thus, low summer temperatures are the primary limiting factor at all investigated elevations, while moisture supply during spring triggers growth variations at low- to mid-elevations. The long-term growth trends of A. spectabilis have decreased at low- to mid-elevation sites but increased at the treeline during the period 1981–2011. Warming and intensified moisture stress during spring could have negative effects on tree growth, potentially resulting in growth decline and forest dieback at middle and low elevations. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the vulnerability of forests at middle and low elevations to future climate change.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-07-07
Keywords: Climate change; Climate sensitivity; Elevation gradient; Growth trend; Himalayan silver fir (Abies spectabilis); Tree ring

The Importance of Spatial (Im)mobilities in the Context of Changing Life Conditions and Lifeworlds: The Example of Socio-Ecological Transformation in Rural Ecuador. - Kieslinger, Julia (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2021)
Migration is an issue that is discussed intensively both on a global scale and in the Latin American context. It is commonly associated with wider socio-ecological transformation processes such as global change, urbanization and land use transitions. Rural areas are often considered as regions of out-migration, with out-migration is usually understood to be related to profound structural transformations. The present investigation is informed by insights from the dynamic and interdisciplinary fields of environment-migration nexus and migration-(rural) development nexus in the Global South, two fields that bring together scholars from environmental and climate science but also from social sciences and the humanities. Yet, since the inception of these fields of research, geographers have been participating in them, as they seem predestined to make a contribution that would bridge the gap between human and physical sciences (Felgentreff and Pott 2016). While scientific debates on environment-migration interlinkages predominantly revolved around external migration (Foresight 2011), discussions on migration-rural development interrelations emphasized internal rural-urban movements (Bilsborrow 2002). Within the vast fields, one common focus of interest was initially the environmental causation of migration (Hunter, Luna, and Norton 2015; Felgentreff and Pott 2016), whereas feedback effects of migration processes on rural sending areas tended to be underrepresented (Greiner and Sakdapolrak 2013). Scholars further pointed to the need for a greater consideration of the political, economic and social contextual factors that could influence both causes and effects of migration processes (Black et al. 2011). However, there is no consensus on how to conceptualize these contextual factors and how to integrate human-environment relations in migration theory (Hunter, Luna, and Norton 2015). With growing evidence from case studies in different geographical settings, academics increasingly addressed migration as a form of adaptation to environmental change and a household strategy of risk minimization (e.g. McLeman 2014). This point of view challenges the widespread notion of ‘passive’ or ‘forced’ migrants, which neglects migrants’ agency in decision-making and their potential role in the development of coping strategies. However, despite there also always having been people who remained in the investigated areas of out-migration, the phenomenon of staying put has been and still is starkly underrepresented in research (except some examples, for instance Mata-Codesal 2015; Mata Codesal 2016 for Latin America) – and especially with regard to environment and rural development interlinkages. Apart from content-related issues, there is an epistemological and methodological issue that represents a major shortcoming: both fields have been and still are dominated by external scientific views and do not sufficiently take into account the experiences of the people concerned. The present doctoral thesis in the field of human geography aims to push these debates forward and to contribute to the aforementioned shortcomings. For this reason, this investigation addresses the diversity of people’s movements without predefined spatial and temporal categories and takes into account the phenomenon of staying, which in the following is termed and conceived of as human (im)mobilities (New Mobilities Paradigm, e.g. Sheller and Urry 2006). Further, the causes and feedback effects of these (im)mobilities are equally considered in order to capture interrelated socio-ecological transformations. Owing to a social constructivist research perspective, the focus is set on the everyday knowledge of actors from the field and how they construct social meanings. This investigation thus aims to grasp the participants’ views on interrelations between human (im)mobilities and changing living contexts (e.g. environmental changes, household dynamics). The overarching research question is set as follows: From the perspective of the local population, what role do (im)mobilities of people play as a cause of and driver for changing living contexts and what is the significance of human (im)mobilities for rural livelihoods and everyday practices? A place based study is the best way to address the complexity of human (im)mobilities and their interrelations with socio-ecological transformations. The Cantón of Macará in southern Ecuador was selected as a study area because various authors had observed historically high out-migration in general (Temme 1972; Bilsborrow et al. 1987; Gray 2009a) and for climatic reasons, specifically during the droughts of the 1960s (Temme 1972; OAS 1994). Nowadays, the municipality of Macará has highlighted in its local development agenda 2015-2019 the out-migration of population as an urgent field of action and points to climatic changes, recurring extreme events as well as the degradation of arable lands and tropical dry forests as major challenges for the rural livelihoods in the canton (GAD Macará 2015). Further, the study area is located in the western escarpment of the Andes, an area expected to be highly affected by the impacts of climate change in the future (IPCC 2014a; Kaenzig and Piguet 2014; Schoolmeester et al. 2016). In order to carry through a people-centered research, I developed a research design that draws methodologically on the participatory research paradigm (e.g. Bergold and Thomas 2012) and on grounded theory procedures (Glaser and Strauss 1967; Charmaz 2006). The aim was to enable knowledge co-production in a collaborative research process representing the variety of actors relevant in the field. For this, strategies and new tools were elaborated with special emphasis on actors’ involvement, the reduction of power inequalities and immersion into the field (Kieslinger, Kordel, and Weidinger 2020, annex #2FQS). Consequently, this investigation required high flexibility, openness and the steady adaptation of proceedings and, finally, time and financial resources. The peculiarity of this investigation is its processual character, a direct result of its intentions. Firstly, initial aims and research questions were adapted according to new insights based on scientific perspectives and participants’ priorities. Secondly, methods for data generation were jointly elaborated with co-investigators and adjusted according to the participants’ interests, capabilities and needs. Thirdly, the participants’ grassroots views were contrasted with scientific findings about interlinkages between migration, environment and rural development in the Global South. Fourthly, the issues under study were approached as openly as possible and without predefined theoretical concepts in order to make a contribution to theory formation by means of own empirical findings. Findings of this doctoral thesis provide empirical evidence of the importance of human (im)mobilities and interrelated socio-ecological transformations in rural Ecuador. Three levels of analysis were considered: study area, household and individuals in social structures. Findings from these distinct analytical levels were combined to get a more profound understanding of the emerging concepts and categories used by the participants. In line with the participants’ perspectives, two core categories were identified: “(im)mobilities in everyday life” and “(im)mobilities related to changing places of living”. Mobilities of people in everyday life are closely intertwined with practices to secure livelihoods and satisfy basic needs. This relates to routines in the closer surroundings of the place of living (e.g. for water management, agricultural production, forest use and conservation, social organization, purchase and sale of products, education, work, medical treatments, recreation and religion) and occasional mobilities to cities like Loja, Cuenca, Guayaquil and Quito (e.g. for medical treatments, administrative procedures at public institutions, family visits). Distinct (im)mobilities and practices in everyday life depend on individuals’ roles and memberships, gender and age, but also to the distance of places and public infrastructures. The overall participants’ observation of population decline and changes in population structure has been associated with a continuous trend of people’s mobilities related to changing places of living. The results of the historical analysis (1960-2017) show that there has been a continuous trend of out-migration with changing patterns according to common destinations. These patterns could be grouped under the categories of domestic rural-rural and rural-urban as well as external movements. Findings provide evidence that grasping the historical context of the respective period and the events and trends occurring during a certain period of time is of vital importance to understand human (im)mobilities. Events and trends unfold in different spatial and temporal dimensions, as well as in political, economic, ecological and social contexts while different events and trends may overlap or interact with each other. Over time, mobility processes of people from the study area have become more diverse and complex due to translocal and/or -national networks. Based on young peoples’ statements, it can be assumed that the trend of out-migration will continue in the future. It also appeared that domestic rural-urban movements are nowadays the dominant pattern. The motivations expressed by participants encompass education, personal development and self-realization as well as work were quite homogeneous and are closely interrelated. However, participants also highlighted that there have always been people who remained in the study area, even in crisis situations. Further, movement patterns changed despite events of the same kind repeatedly occurring (e.g. droughts), with individuals opting for different destinations than the common ones. Findings of this thesis show that there are no linear cause-effect relations, but common issues of concern which the participants relate to human (im)mobilities. The comparison of findings from different analytical units (study area, household, individual) demonstrates the complexity of multiple drivers and multidimensional interactions that shape human (im)mobilities. In order to fully understand people’s mobilities and immobilities, I undertook an in-depth examination of decision-making processes on leaving and staying as well as the selection of places for living. At the individuals’ level, I was able to demonstrate that mobility processes are neither unique endeavors nor simply unidirectional, resulting in complex spatial patterns, while immobilities occurred at distinct places during different phases of staying. Further, the results show that decision making is a negotiation process, wherein certain issues of interest such as social relations, financial income and investments, agricultural production, risk and security, experiences and knowledge are taken into account. Additionally, these negotiations are constantly adapted to individuals’ perspectives on past, present and future, living here and there as well as self-realization and social interaction. After combining these findings with a literature review (Kieslinger, Kordel, and Weidinger 2020, annex #2FQS), decision-making on leaving and staying has been conceived as a process of negotiations based on relational meanings of place(s), (life) time(s) and social interaction(s). By putting mobile and immobile persons as agents of their own lives center stage and focusing on the meaningful living contexts in which they are situated when negotiating and enacting (im)mobilities, I could develop a new conceptual framework to address both agency and contextual factors in migration environment and rural development interrelations. For this, I draw on spatial human (im)mobilities as conceived of by the New Mobilities Paradigm (e.g. Sheller and Urry 2006) and use the life conditions and lifeworlds concepts of Björn Kraus (2015) to conceptualize the living context. In doing so, I conclude that life conditions determine the opportunities and constraints of human (im)mobilities, whereas lifeworlds as the subjective constructions of reality under these conditions are the basis for decision-making on leaving and staying; life conditions, but also mobilities and immobilities are constantly re-evaluated. Consequently, lifeworlds are highly dynamic and influenced by experiences concerning (im)mobilities. In this framing social meanings of (im)mobilities can be accessed by approaching lifeworlds and vice versa.<br
Keywords: grounded theory; human spatial (im)mobilities; life conditions and lifeworlds; migration - (rural) development nexus; migration - environment nexus; new mobilities paradigm; participatory research; rural Ecuador; socio-ecological transformations

The Indian Ocean Dipole and its Impact on East African Short Rains in Two CMIP5 Historical Scenarios With and Without Anthropogenic Influence - Blau, Manuel; Ha, K. J. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2020)
The Indian Ocean dipole mode impacts the atmosphere and hydroclimate in areas surrounding the Indian Ocean. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 output was used in this study to reveal new aspects of the relationship between the dipole mode and East African “short rains” (occurring from September to November). Furthermore, the impact of human activity on the ocean-atmosphere system was investigated using two scenarios, one with and one without human forcings from 1960 to 1999. The Indian Ocean dipole and its teleconnection were simulated, and the impact of the dipole mode on the atmosphere displayed a similar pattern and strength under both scenarios. However, the dipole peak was slightly delayed from September to October under the scenario with anthropogenic warming. Further, increased moisture convergence over East Africa was found to enhance the local monsoon system during boreal autumn in the scenario considering anthropogenic forcing. More intense Walker and Hadley circulations were found with the presence of anthropogenic influences and the dipole mode had a significant impact on both. Positive Indian Ocean dipole events were found to temporarily weaken Walker circulation and strengthen Hadley circulation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-09-04
Keywords: CMIP5 models; East African precipitation; human impact detection; Indian Ocean dipole mode; short rains; tropical circulation

The influence of decision-making in tree ring-based climate reconstructions - Büntgen, Ulf; Allen, Kathy; Anchukaitis, Kevin J; Arseneault, Dominique; Boucher, Étienne; Bräuning, Achim; Chatterjee, Snigdhansu; Cherubini, Paolo; Churakova (Sidorova), Olga V; Corona, Christophe; Gennaretti, Fabio; Grießinger, Jussi; et al. (Nature Communications, 2021)

The influence of föhn winds on annual and seasonal surface melt on the Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica - Turton, Jenny; Kirchgaessner, Amélie; Ross, Andrew N.; King, John C.; Munneke, Peter Kuipers (Cryosphere, 2020)
Warm, dry föhn winds are observed over the Larsen C Ice Shelf year-round and are thought to contribute to the continuing weakening and collapse of ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula (AP). We use a surface energy balance (SEB) model, driven by observations from two locations on the Larsen C Ice Shelf and one on the remnants of Larsen B, in combination with output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), to investigate the year-round impact of föhn winds on the SEB and melt from 2009 to 2012. Föhn winds have an impact on the individual components of the surface energy balance in all seasons and lead to an increase in surface melt in spring, summer and autumn up to 100 km away from the foot of the AP. When föhn winds occur in spring they increase surface melt, extend the melt season and increase the number of melt days within a year. Whilst AMPS is able to simulate the percentage of melt days associated with föhn with high skill, it overestimates the total amount of melting during föhn events and non-föhn events. This study extends previous attempts to quantify the impact of föhn on the Larsen C Ice Shelf by including a 4- year study period and a wider area of interest and provides evidence for föhn-related melting on both the Larsen C and Larsen B ice shelves.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-11

The influence of large-scale circulation on surface energy balance on the King George Island ice cap - Braun, Matthias; et al. (International Journal of Climatology, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.theinf

The Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Circulation, Moisture Transport, and Snow Accumulation at Kilimanjaro During the 2006–2007 Season - Collier, E.; Sauter, Tobias; Mölg, Thomas; Hardy, D. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2019)
Tropical cyclones represent an important component of intraseasonal atmospheric variability in the southwest Indian Ocean, and their landfall can be devastating to coastal communities. However, little is known about their impact on precipitation in the high-elevation regions of East Africa. Here we combine in situ measurements from the summit of Kilimanjaro and subkilometer atmospheric modeling of the region to investigate the impact of these storms during the 2006–2007 cyclone season, which was characterized by anomalously positive snow accumulation at the summit coinciding with cyclone activity. Observations indicate that two storms are associated with snowfall amounts exceeding 10 cm per day, an amount representing 5% of the observed average annual total. Numerical simulations show that some tropical cyclones transport moisture directly to the region while others induce moisture transport from the continental interior. Our study suggests that these synoptic-scale phenomena have the potential to complicate the extraction of climate signals from glaciers.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-16
Keywords: East Africa; glaciers; high-mountain regions; moisture transport; precipitation; tropical cyclones

The influence of weather on glide-snow avalanches - Dreier, Lisa; Mitterer, Christoph; Feick, Sebastian; Harvey, Stephan (Proceedings ISSW 2013, 2013)
During the winter 2011-2012 the Swiss Alps experienced high glide-snow activity. The danger of glide-snow avalanches combined with large snow depths posed a challenge to the local authorities. Glide-snow avalanches are difficult to predict and hard to control. Weather, snowpack, soil and terrain are known to influence snow gliding. So far, however, no clear relationship between these variables and glide-snow activity could be established. Many research results report that a wet basal layer is paramount for the formation of glide-snow avalanches. Based on observations, the assumption is made that different processes favor the production of this basal layer and thus the triggering of snow gliding in winter and in spring. In winter the snowpack is usually cold and dry, in spring it’s warm and wet. Thus, there are different processes causing water at the snow-soil boundary. In order to shed some light into these two different periods, glide-snow activity was monitored at a well-known glide-snow avalanche site, the Dorfberg above Davos, Switzerland during the winter seasons 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 using time-lapse photography. Glide-snow avalanche activity was compared to weather parameters of a nearby weather station. We used univariate and multivariate statistical methods to explore the data. Results verify different processes in winter and spring. Most important weather parameters in winter are maximal air temperature, the 5-day sum of new snow and incoming shortwave radiation. In spring, the parameters snow surface temperature, minimal air temperature, difference in air temperature to the day before and relative humidity seem most important. The difference in important parameters for winter and spring periods indicate different sources of the thin water layer at the snow-soil interface and therefore different underlying processes that lead to snow gliding.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2013.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.theinf
Keywords: snow gliding; weather influence; glide-snow avalanche; multivariate statistic

The Influence of Weather Systems in Controlling Mass Balance in the Southern Alps of New Zealand - Cullen, Nicolas J.; Gibson, Peter B.; Mölg, Thomas; Conway, Jonathan P.; Sirguey, Pascal; Kingston, Daniel G. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2019)
The recent advance of some fast-responding glaciers in New Zealand demonstrates that regional variability in atmospheric circulation can counteract the effects of global warming. Until recently, a key challenge in quantifying how weather systems influence glaciers has been the lack of observational data from high-elevation sites in the Southern Alps. Using high-quality meteorological and glaciological observations from Brewster Glacier over four summers and two winters, a physically based mass balance model is used to resolve daily ablation and solid precipitation. Composite analysis confirms ablation is largely controlled by changes in meridional airflow, with high ablation associated with north to northwest airflow, while low ablation is associated with south to southwest airflow. The largest snowfall events in the cool season also occur during northwesterly airflow, highlighting the importance of seasonality (i.e., whether an event occurs in the ablation or accumulation period) for mass balance. Application of a synoptic weather typing approach commonly used for the New Zealand region, known broadly as Kidson weather types, revealed that three established regimes (trough, zonal, and blocking) are less effective in resolving variability in ablation and snowfall than a simple procedure that groups weather types using geostrophic flow direction. The frequency of four weather types can explain approximately 40% of the variance in mass balance over a 42-year period. This highlights that future regional variability or trends in large-scale circulation and their seasonality, superimposed on background warming, will be important in shaping glacier mass balance in the coming decades.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-17
Keywords: ablation; climate change; mountain climate; snowfall; synoptic weather

The Laschamps geomagnetic excursion recorded in continental sediments from southern Germany - Kirscher, U.; Dallanave, E.; Weissbrodt, V.; Stojakowits, P.; Grau, Michael; Bachtadse, V.; Mayr, Christoph (Geophysical Journal International, 2021)
We present palaeo- A nd rock magnetic results from a well-dated, 21 m-thick, Late Pleistocene continental sedimentary section located in southern Germany. Rock magnetic measurements reveal a complex magnetic mineralogy dominated by low coercivity minerals likely related to single domain biogenic magnetite and biogenic or early diagenetic greigite. In the lower part of the section also detrital haematite is present. The stable remanence shows predominantly normal polarity with two marked deviations at ∼1280-1200 cm and at 886 cm profile depth. Whereas the lower excursion is well established by several samples and documented also by detrital haematite, the upper one is only represented by a single sample and revealed by magnetite and greigite. Using the radiocarbon-based age model for the section, the lower excursion yields an age of 42.8-41.3 ka cal BP and is interpreted to represent the Laschamps geomagnetic excursion. The increased abundance of greigite in the upper part of the section, especially in the sample responsible for the upper anomalous direction, renders the interpretation of an actual excursion problematic due to the reducing environment necessary for the greigite formation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-09-17
Keywords: Europe; Geomagnetic excursions; Palaeomagnetism; Rock and mineral magnetism

The last glacial maximum in Europe – State of the Art in Geoscience and Archaeology - Maier, Andreas; Mayr, Christoph; Peresani, Marco (Quaternary international, 2021)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-03-26

The Local Food Environment and Obesity: Evidence from Three Cities - Walker, Blake; Shashank, Aateka; Gasevic, Danijela; Schuurman, Nadine; Poirier, Paul; Teo, Koon; Rangarajan, Sumathy; Yusuf, Salim; Lear, Scott A. (Obesity, 2019)
Objective: This study aimed to identify the association between the food environment and obesity. Methods: BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in 8,076 participants from three cities. The number of fast-food restaurants, full-service restaurants, bars/pubs, markets, and liquor stores within 500 m of each participant was documented. The association between the food environment (ratio of fast-food to full-service restaurants, ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores, and presence of markets) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 102 cm for males or WC ≥ 88 cm for females) was investigated, adjusted for age, sex, education level, neighborhood deprivation, neighborhood type, and total hours per week of walking and taking into account city-level clustering. Results: The ratios of fast-food to full-service restaurants and of bars/pubs to liquor stores were positively associated with obesity (OR = 1.05 [CI: 1.02-1.09] and OR = 1.08 [CI: 1.04-1.13], respectively). The ratio of bars/pubs to liquor stores was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 1.10 [CI: 1.05-1.14]). There was no association between markets and either obesity or abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Features of the food environment have varying associations with obesity. These features have an additive effect, and future studies should not focus on only one feature in isolation.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-10

The manifestation of drought events in tree rings of beech and oak in northern Bavaria (Germany) - Lasermann, Bruno; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 9: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2010 Scientific Technical Report STR 11/07, GFZ Potsdam, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.theman

The manifestation of extreme ecological events in tree rings of beech and oaks in northern Bavaria (Germany) - Bräuning, Achim; Lasermann, Bruno (Dimensions of ecology: from global change to molecular ecology Bayreuther Forum Ökologie 115, 2009)

Thematic analysis - Weidinger, Tobias (MATILDE toolbox: methods to assess migration impact in rural and mountain areas (= Deliverable 2.7 of MATILDE project), 2022)

The Migrant Subject and Interactions with (Local) Structures - Weidinger, Tobias (Report on Conceptual Frameworks on Migration Processes and Local Development in Rural and Mountain Areas (= Deliverable 2.4 of MATILDE project), 2020)

The nitrogen cycle of tropical montane forest in Ecuador turns inorganic under environmental change - Wilcke, Wolfgang; Leimer, Sophia; Peters, Thorsten; Emck, Paul; Rollenbeck, Rütger; Trachte, Katja; Valarezo, Carlos; Bendix, Jörg (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2013)
Water-bound nitrogen (N) cycling in temperate terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere is today mainly inorganic because of anthropogenic release of reactive N to the environment. In little-industrialized and remote areas, in contrast, a larger part of N cycling occurs as dissolved organic N (DON). In a north Andean tropical montane forest in Ecuador, the N cycle changed markedly during 1998–2010 along with increasing N deposition and reduced soil moisture. The DON concentrations and the fractional contribution of DON to total N significantly decreased in rainfall, throughfall, and soil solutions. This inorganic turn of the N cycle was most pronounced in rainfall and became weaker along the flow path of water through the system until it disappeared in stream water. Decreasing organic contributions to N cycling were caused not only by increasing inorganic N input but also by reduced DON production and/or enhanced DON decomposition. Accelerated DON decomposition might be attributable to less waterlogging and higher nutrient availability. Significantly increasing NO3-N concentrations and NO3-N/NH4-N concentration ratios in throughfall and litter leachate below the thick organic layers indicated increasing nitrification. In mineral soil solutions, in contrast, NH4-N concentrations increased and NO3-N/NH4-N concentration ratios decreased significantly, suggesting increasing net ammonification. Our results demonstrate that the remote tropical montane forests on the rim of the Amazon basin experienced a pronounced change of the N cycle in only one decade. This change likely parallels a similar change which followed industrialization in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere more than a century ago.

The paleolimnologist's guide to compound-specific stable isotope analysis - An introduction to principles and applications of CSIA for Quaternary lake sediments - Holtvoeth, Jens; Whiteside, Jessica H.; Engels, Stefan; Freitas, Felipe S.; Grice, Kliti; Greenwood, Paul; Johnson, Sean; Kendall, Iain; Lengger, Sabine K.; Luecke, Andreas; Mayr, Christoph; Naafs, B. David A.; et al. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019)
The stable isotope composition of key chemical elements for life on Earth (e.g., carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) tracks changes in fluxes and turnover of these elements in the biogeosphere. Over the past 15-20 years, the potential to measure these isotopic compositions for individual, source-specific organic molecules (biomarkers) and to link them to a range of environmental conditions and processes has been unlocked and amplified by increasingly sensitive, affordable and wide-spread analytical technology. Paleoenvironmental research has seen enormous step-changes in our understanding of past ecosystem dynamics. Vital to these paradigm shifts is the need for well-constrained modern and recent analogues. Through increased understanding of these environments and their biological pathways we can successfully unravel past climatic changes and associated ecosystem adaption. With this review, we aim to introduce scientists working in the field of Quaternary paleolimnology to the tools that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) provides for the gain of information on biogeochemical conditions in ancient environments. We provide information on fundamental principles and applications of novel and established CSIA applications based on the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur isotopic composition of biomarkers. While biosynthesis, sources and associated isotope fractionation patterns of compounds such as n-alkanes are relatively well-constrained, new applications emerge from the increasing use of functionalized alkyl lipids, steroids, hopanoids, isoprenoids, GDGTs, pigments or cellulose. Biosynthesis and fractionation are not always fully understood. However, although analytical challenges remain, the future potential of deeper insights into ecosystem dynamics from the study of these compounds is also emerging. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-02

The Pen or the Sword: A Situated Spatial Analysis of Graffiti and Violent Injury in Vancouver, British Columbia - Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine (Professional Geographer, 2015)
Graffiti is a ubiquitous feature of the urban landscape commonly perceived to be a symptom of disorder, deprivation, and violence. Broken windows theory asserts that it is also a cause. To examine this, we conduct a geographic correlation study of graffiti and violence using geographic information systems. A strong spatial covariation is observed, with spatially dependent residual clusters suggesting that the graffiti–violence relationship is context dependent and varied. Ferrell and Weide's spot theory provides a lens for situating hot spots and facilitating a more nuanced interrogation of graffiti and violence in several Vancouver neighborhoods. We advocate for situated spatial analyses of interpersonal violence to inform public health interventions and advance policymaking beyond the popular aesthetic symbolism of urban spac
Keywords: broken windows theory; spatial analysis; graffiti; urban geography; violence

The Politics of Geodata in Urban Platform Capitalism - Michel, Boris; Schröder-Bergen, Susanne (Platformization of Urban Life. Towards a Technocapitalist Transformation of European Cities, 2022)
The increasing platformization of urban life needs critical perspectives to examine changing everyday practices and power shifts brought about by the expansion of digital platforms mediating care-services, housing, and mobility. This book addresses new modes of producing urban spaces and societies. It brings both platform researchers and activists from various fields related to critical urban studies and labour activism into dialogue. The contributors engage with the socio-spatial and normative implications of platform-mediated urban everyday life and urban futures, going beyond a rigid techno-dystopian stance in order to include an understanding of platforms as sites of social creativity and exchang
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-10-28
Keywords: Openstreetmap; Plattformkapitalismus; Geodata

The potential of coralline algae as SST proxy and for climate model evaluation: A New Zealand case study - Kropac, Elena; Mölg, Thomas; Teichert, Sebastian (EGU General Assembly 2022, 2022)
General circulation models (GCMs) are currently the most important tools for obtaining projections about future climate. In addition, they provide data input for regional atmospheric models that translate global climate change to regional and local scales where humans and environments face the impacts. To ensure the accurateness of their simulations, GCMs need to be evaluated as thoroughly as possible against past climate records, where one focus is on the so-called "historical period" (1850–present). However, the evaluation task is difficult for the period before World War II and earlier due to a frequent lack of reliable observations. This problem is exacerbated for the Southern Hemisphere, which has been notoriously understudied in comparison to the climate of the Northern Hemisphere. In New Zealand, variations in sea surface temperature (SST) are reflected on a variety of spatial and temporal scales and are statistically detectable through to temperature anomalies and glacier mass balance changes in the high mountains of the Southern Alps. The correct simulation of SST by GCMs is therefore crucial, especially when investigating the physical mechanisms that transform large-scale SST signals into local climate anomalies by using regional atmospheric modeling. In the project “NZ-PROXY”, we utilize crustose coralline algae (CCA) – a rather recently discovered proxy archive – to extend the observational time series of SST in the New Zealand region back to 1850. The SST reconstruction is then employed in GCM evaluation to reveal their skill in representing the large-scale climate of New Zealand. Finally, high-resolution sensitivity simulations are obtained from a regional atmospheric model to investigate the added value of the advanced GCM selection for regional climate modelin

The potential of multitemporal and multisensoral remote sensing data for the extraction of biophysical parameters of wheat - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2005)
Satellite based monitoring of agricultural activities requires a very high temporal resolution, due to the highly dynamic processes on viewed surfaces. The solitary use of optical data is restricted by its dependency on weather conditions. Hence, the synergetic use of SAR and optical data has a very high potential for agricultural applications such as biomass monitoring or yield estimation. Synthetic Aperture Radar data of the ERS-2 offer the chance of bi-weekly data acquisitions. Additionally, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and high-resolution optical data from the Quickbird satellite shall help to verify the derived information. The Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) of the European environmental satellite (ENVISAT) enables several acquisitions per week, due to the availability of different incidence angles. Moreover, the ASAR sensor offers the possibility to acquire alternating polarization data, providing HH/HV and VV/VH images. This will help to fill time gaps and bring an additional information gain in further studies. In the present study the temporal development of biomass from two winter wheat fields is modeled based on multitemporal and multisensoral satellite data. For this purpose comprehensive ground truth information (e.g. biomass, LAI, vegetation height) was recorded in weekly intervals for the vegetation period of 2005. A positive relationship between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of optical data and biomass could be shown. The backscatter of SAR data is negatively related to the biomass. Regression coefficients of models for biomass based on satellite data and the collected biomass vary between f2=0.49 for ERS-2 and r 2=0.86 for Quickbird. The study is a first step in the synergetic use of optical and SAR data for biomass modeling and yield estimation over agricultural sites in Central Europe.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2005.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.thepot
Keywords: Biomass; Optical remote sensing data; SAR; Vegetation parameters

The potential of the dwarf shrub Betula nana L. as a climate indicator above the tree line in the southern Norwegian Scandes - Meinardus, Cathrin; Weinert, Britta; Löffler, Jörg; Lundberg, Anders; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 9: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2010 Scientific Technical Report STR 11/07, GFZ Potsdam, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.thepot_5

The production of spaces of the ‘good life’ – the case of lifestyle migrants in Spain - Kordel, Stefan (Leisure Studies, 2014)
The analysis of empirical data reveals mostly consistencies within the realms representations, practices and localities, but depicts contestations of spaces of the ‘good life’ with regard to ongoing ageing processes. Lifestyle migrants ascribe meaning to practices of leisure in order to fulfil the desire for consuming tourist; sights that frequently represent highly symbolic places. Constructing notions of sociability with friends and acquaintances through leisure, the migrants hold meaningful social ties, which provide security through reliable networks. Nevertheless, this article points out that spaces of the ‘good life’ are deconstructed through age-related mobility constraints.
Keywords: lifestyle migration; mobile lives; production of spaces; retirement; Spain

The regional dimension in GPN – Mapping value creation and governance of the Bavarian beer sector - Wilhelm, Carola Rebecca; Chilla, Tobias (Geoforum, 2023)
Contemporary crises have stimulated a new political and scientific interest in economic power structures and regionalisation. In particular, this concerns the local–global nexus, a key argument within the Global Production Networks (GPN) literature. This addresses the question of how global governance concepts help us understand regional production networks within multiscale production processes, mostly linked to transnational corporations. We contribute to this question with a focus on value creation and governance structures beyond, or ‘in the shade’ of, the often-prevailing dominance of transnational lead firms. Here, we present an analysis of value creation and governance in the Bavarian beer sector, building on comprehensive statistical data and expert interviews. The interpretation is based on a visual value creation mapping. We draw on three analytical dimensions from the GPN debate: corporate, institutional and collective power. The analysis shows that the local level can be a hub for multi-layered dynamics in value creation and governance. We find strong local lead firms, which succeed in linking global dynamics and protecting local networks. In this process of segmentation some local firms build a strong regional network that is economically rather independent from larger firms. Institutional governance plays an important role, and regional assets such as education facilities or cultivation contexts come into play. Our results indicate that the ‘local’ might be a stronger part of the local–global nexus than often assumed.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-08-11
Keywords: Beer; Global production networks; Governance; GPN; Regional value creation; Value capture

The regional distribution of the dry snow zone on the Antarctic Peninsula north of 70°S - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Annals of Glaciology, 2002)
In order to estimate the contribution of the Antarctic Peninsula to global sea-level rise as a result of the observed warming in this region, the spatial extent of snow-melt-producing areas needs to be quantified. By using the dry-snow line derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as the uppermost limit of frequent or occasional surface melt, an estimation of the spatial extent of areas with non-zero ablation rates is facilitated. Three calibrated RADARSAT ScanSAR mosaics covering the northern Antarctic Peninsula were analyzed applying a threshold of 14 dB to identify the dry-snow line. The area of the dry-snow radar zone was determined to be 23 300 ± 2000 km2. Areas affected frequently or occasionally by snowmelt cover 85 000 ± 9000 km2. In addition, the dry-snow line as derived from multi-temporal ERS-1/-2 imagery serves as an indicator of climate variability in the uppermost areas of polar glaciers and ice sheets. The upward shift of the dry-snow line between 1992 and 1998 on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula at 68° S is interpreted as a direct response to the increasing number of high- temperature events during the 1991-2000 decad
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.thereg

The relationship between climate and the intra-annual oxygen isotope patterns from pine trees: a case study along an elevation gradient on Corsica, France - Szymczak, Sonja; Bräuning, Achim; Häusser, Martin; Garel, Emilie; Huneau, Frédéric; Santoni, Sébastien (Annals of Forest Science, 2019)
Key message: Intra-annual oxygen isotope patterns of tree-ring cellulose fromPinus nigrasubsp.laricioandPinus pinasteralong an elevation gradient can be divided into four distinct patterns ((1) high values in the beginning of the tree ring, declining trend afterwards; (2) low values in the beginning, increasing trend afterwards; (3) high values in the middle of the tree ring; (4) declining trend over the whole tree ring). These patterns reflect the dependency on local site conditions and different water sources. Context: Intra-annual oxygen isotope chronologies from tree-ring cellulose can serve as a proxy for past climate conditions at inter- or even intra-seasonal resolution. Aims: We explore the potential of these chronologies from pine trees (Pinus nigra J.F. Arn subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire var Corsicana Hyl. and Pinus pinaster Aiton) growing on the Mediterranean island of Corsica, France, along an elevation gradient ranging from sea level to 1600 m asl. Methods: We developed high-resolution intra-annual oxygen isotope chronologies from tree-ring cellulose of eight trees from five sites along the elevation gradient. The analysis period covers the decade 2007–2016 for seven trees and the period 1987–2016 for one tree, respectively. Results: The chronologies show a high variability between trees, sites, and years. We identified four different intra-annual oxygen isotope patterns which reflect the dependency of tree growth on different water sources (precipitation during the growing season vs. deeper soil water reservoirs) and climate conditions during the growth season. Trees at coastal sites have access to groundwater, while trees growing in high elevations mostly depend on precipitation during the growth season as water source. Conclusion: The different patterns can be attributed to the use of different water sources. The intra-annual chronology covering 30 years indicates an increasing frequency of dry-warm summers after 2007.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-08-06
Keywords: Elevation gradient; Intra-annual; Mediterranean; Oxygen isotopes; Pinus nigra; Pinus pinaster

THERMAL STRUCTURE OF A MEGADIVERSE ANDEAN MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHERN ECUADOR AND ITS REGIONALIZATION - Peters, Thorsten; Rollenbeck, Rütger; Göttlicher, Dietrich; Nauss, Thomas; Homeier, Jürgen; Bendix, Jörg; et al. (Erdkunde, 2009)
The thermal structure of a megadiverse mountain ecosystem in southern Ecuador is examined on the basis of temperature measurements inside the natural mountain forest and at open-sites along an altitudinal gradient from 1600 to 3200 m. The main methodological aim of the current study is to develop an air temperature regionalization tool to provide spatial datasets on average monthly mean, minimum and maximum temperature by using observation data. The maps, based on data of the period 1999–2007, are needed by ecological projects working on various plots where no climate station data are available. The temperature maps are generated by combining a straightforward detrending technique with a Digital Elevation Model and a satellite-based land cover classification which also provides the relative forest cover per pixel. The topical aim of the study is to investigate the thermal structure of both manifestations of our ecosystem (pastures and natural vegetation) with special considerations to the ecosystem temperature regulation service by converting natural forest into pasture. The results reveal a clear thermal differentiation over the year, partly triggered by the change of synoptic weather situation but also by land cover effects. Thermal amplitudes are particularly low during the main rainy season when cloudiness and air humidity are high, but markedly pronounced in the relative dry season when daily irradiance and outgoing nocturnal radiation cause distinct differences between the land cover units. Particularly the lower pasture areas gained by slash and burn of the natural forest exhibit the most extreme thermal conditions while the atmosphere inside the mountain forest is slightly cooler due to the regulating effects of the dense vegetation. Thus, clearing the forest clearly reduces the thermal regulation function (regulating ecosystem services) of the ecosystem which might become problematic under future global warmin
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.region

The road to integrate climate change projections with regional land-use–biodiversity models - Cabral, Juliano Sarmento; Mendoza-Ponce, Alma; da Silva, André Pinto; Oberpriller, Johannes; Mimet, Anne; Kieslinger, Julia; Berger, Thomas; Blechschmidt, Jana; Brönner, Maximilian; Classen, Alice; Fallert, Stefan; Hartig, Florian; et al. (People and Nature, 2023)
Current approaches to project spatial biodiversity responses to climate change mainly focus on the direct effects of climate on species while regarding land use and land cover as constant or prescribed by global land-use scenarios. However, local land-use decisions are often affected by climate change and biodiversity on top of socioeconomic and policy drivers. To realistically understand and predict climate impacts on biodiversity, it is, therefore, necessary to integrate both direct and indirect effects (via climate-driven land-use change) of climate change on biodiversity. In this perspective paper, we outline how biodiversity models could be better integrated with regional, climate-driven land-use models. We initially provide a short, non-exhaustive review of empirical and modelling approaches to land-use and land-cover change (LU) and biodiversity (BD) change at regional scales, which forms the base for our perspective about improved integration of LU and BD models. We consider a diversity of approaches, with a special emphasis on mechanistic models. We also look at current levels of integration and at model properties, such as scales, inputs and outputs, to further identify integration challenges and opportunities. We find that LU integration in BD models is more frequent than the other way around and has been achieved at different levels: from overlapping predictions to simultaneously coupled simulations (i.e. bidirectional effects). Of the integrated LU-BD socio-ecological models, some studies included climate change effects on LU, but the relative contribution of direct vs. indirect effects of climate change on BD remains a key research challenge. Important research avenues include concerted efforts in harmonizing spatial and temporal resolution, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change on biodiversity, explicitly accounting for bidirectional feedbacks, and ultimately feeding socio-ecological systems back into climate predictions. These avenues can be navigated by matching models, plugins for format and resolution conversion, and increasing the land-use forecast horizon with adequate uncertainty. Recent developments of coupled models show that such integration is achievable and can lead to novel insights into climate–land use–biodiversity relations. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-06-02
Keywords: agent-based models; biodiversity response; environmental change; indirect effects; integrative approaches; mechanistic models; socio-ecological systems; species richness

The rural housing crisis: analytical dimensions and emblematic issues - Kordel, Stefan; Naumann, Matthias (Housing Studies, 2023)

The safety band of Antarctic ice shelves - Fürst, Johannes; Durand, Gaël; Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien; Tavard, Laure; Rankl, Melanie; Braun, Matthias; Gagliardini, Olivier (Nature Climate Change, 2016)
The floating ice shelves along the seaboard of the Antarctic ice sheet restrain the outflow of upstream grounded ice. Removal of these ice shelves, as shown by past ice-shelf recession and break-up, accelerates the outflow, which adds to sea-level rise. A key question in predicting future outflow is to quantify the extent of calving that might precondition other dynamic consequences and lead to loss of ice-shelf restraint. Here we delineate frontal areas that we label as ‘passive shelf ice’ and that can be removed without major dynamic implications, with contrasting results across the continent. The ice shelves in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas have limited or almost no ‘passive’ portion, which implies that further retreat of current ice-shelf fronts will yield important dynamic consequences. This region is particularly vulnerable as ice shelves have been thinning at high rates for two decades and as upstream grounded ice rests on a backward sloping bed, a precondition to marine ice-sheet instability. In contrast to these ice shelves, Larsen C Ice Shelf, in the Weddell Sea, exhibits a large ‘passive’ frontal area, suggesting that the imminent calving of a vast tabular iceberg will be unlikely to instantly produce much dynamic chang

"The Same But Not the Same": The Discursive Constitution of Large Housing Estates in Germany, France, and Poland - Glasze, Georg; Pütz, Robert; Germes, Melina; Schirmel, Henning; Brailich, Adam (Urban Geography, 2012)
Since the 1960s, large housing estates have shaped the geography of suburbia in many Western and Eastern European cities. This paper examines the constitution of the social and spatial meanings of large housing estates within three different national contexts: in Germany, Poland, and France. Employing discourse theory and an empirical analysis of the coverage of major national newspapers, we identify cross-national and specific national patterns of discourses that (re)produce particular social spaces and distinct social orders. Quantitative discourse analysis reveals differences, similarities, and ruptures in various constructions of the meaning of large housing estates. We find that large housing estates in France and Germany are constituted in print media as threatening places and as places of foreignness located outside the proper society. In contrast, Polish large housing estates are framed discursively as threatened places located in the social insid
Keywords: banlieue; corpus-based discourse analysis; cultural geography; discourse analysis; discourse theory; European comparison; large housing estates; urban studies

The Shuar’s Traditional Resource-Use System under Threat: Colonization Pressure in the Alto Nangaritza - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; López Sandoval, María; Buitrón Cañadas, Viviana (2012)

Thesis 7: International migration has to be considered as just one form among diverse mobilities - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (The Renaissance of Remote Places. MATILDE Manifesto, 2022)
Immigration and domestic in-migration to rural areas involve a broad array of protagonists and processes. Most recently, categorisations of migration processes have been questioned, and boundaries have blurred and shifted. Thus, a broader conception of ‘people on the move’ has been established. In rural and mountain regions, such mobilities include humanitarian migration of asylum seekers and resettled and recognised refugees, student migration, labour-induced migration (especially in sectors with a shortage of workers, particularly seasonal work in agriculture and the hospitality industry), as well as family migration. Moreover, repopulation trends outside urban centres, are apparent in terms of amenity/lifestyle migration and the ‘new highlanders’ movement. Hence, a new idea of mobility is proposed: migration and mobility need to be considered not as special cases that give rise to fear and concern about additional burdens, but instead as the new normality
Keywords: Immigration; mobilities; rural; mountain

The social construction of technological stasis: The stagnating data structure in OpenStreetMap - Plennert, Matthias (Big Data & Society, 2018)
The article aims for examining the ‘technological stasis’ of the data structure in OpenStreetMap – the successful global collaborative geodata project devoted to ‘create and distribute free geographic data for the world’. Digital structures are strongly influenced by continuing stagnation. This technological stasis – the lack of change in technology – influences data in various ways, as demonstrated by the intensive discussion of the issue by computer scientists and software engineers. However, existing research describing stagnating software is often technic centred and fuzzy, while critical research is barely considering issues of technological stasis in the digital context at all. Therefore, this paper aims for enriching this body of knowledge in order to shed light on aging data structures. I reframe technological stasis with a social-constructivist perspective – using the approach of Social Construction of Technology – especially with the concept of technological frames. Based on the case example of OpenStreetMap, my findings suggest that the data structure – and its stasis – is the outcome of competing understandings and perspectives, shaped by power asymmetries. Although the data structure did not significantly change for more than 10 years, I demonstrate that this is not because of a lack of motivation, nor technological difficulties of carrying out such changes. The technological stasis is rather rooted in the dominant position of few project members who are able to change the software design; it is their perception of the project that defines how data should be stored and what features are dispensabl
Keywords: Social construction of technology; technological frames; OpenStreetMap; legacy software; technological stasis; data structure

The Socio-Technical Background of an Unconventional Software Architecture in OpenStreetMap: Understanding the Implementation of ‘Folksonomy - Glasze, Georg; Plennert, Matthias; Schlieder, Christoph (Computational Culture, 2019)
Previous software studies have stressed the socio-technical origin and embeddedness of software; hence specific socio-technical contexts are always inscribed into the digital structure. Inspired by the observation that the software architecture in OpenStreetMap (OSM) differs fundamentally from well-established conventions in the geospatial field, namely using folksonomies as an attribution system, this paper exposes and records the digital remains of the software development process within this successful, open and voluntary geodata project. We aim to reveal the socio-technical background of this software feature by analyzing digital archives of communication and coding in OSM with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Thus we trace this specific feature through the entire processes of technological and social negotiations as well as the implementation. Our findings show that there were several competing technologies within the project; the final decision towards one of them was based on a do-ocracy — those who do the coding work get to decide how it’s done - and thus independently from discussions on the main communication medium: the OSM mailing list. We argue that the communication on the mailing list conceals the de-facto oligarchic environment of technological decision-making: contributors without the necessary technical skills for participating in the software development are only allegedly able to get involved in discussions regarding the technological orientation of OSM.
Keywords: OpenStreetMap; Volunteered Geographic Information; Software Studies; Digital Geography

The Spreading of Logging Band Dendrometers - Raffelsbauer, Volker; Bräuning, Achim (MRp|SE Newsletter. Issue 2., 2014)
To be able to monitor environmental change impacts on forest ecosystems we plan to measure growth dynamics in trees. As fi rst steps we decided which trees to monitor in which of the three ecosystems under investigation and where to install the plots in the Laipuna Reserve.

The use of dendroecological methods in a landscape-ecological approach on upper treeline fluctuations - Rößler, Ole; Löffler, Jörg; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 4: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2005 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 61, 2006)

The utility of street view imagery in environmental audits for runnability - Harden, Stella; Schuurman, Nadine; Larson, Hana; Walker, Blake (Applied Geography, 2023)

The Water Balance in Tropical Regions - Peters, Thorsten (Tropical Forestry Handbook, 2014)

The West Kunlun Glacier Anomaly and Its Response to Climate Forcing during 2002–2020 - Luo, Jianwei; Ke, Chang-Qing; Seehaus, Thorsten (Remote Sensing, 2022)
Research into glacial mass change in West Kunlun (WK) has been sufficient, but most of the existing studies were based on geodetic methods, which are not suitable for specific health state analyses of each glacier. In this paper, we utilize Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) imagery, applying the continuity equation to obtain altitudinal specific mass balance (SMB) for 615 glaciers (>2 km2) during 2002–2011, 2011–2020, and 2002–2020 to research glacial health and its response to climatic forcing. The results show dissimilar glacier SMB patterns between 2002–2011 (0.10 ± 0.14 m w.e. a−1), 2011–2020 (–0.12 ± 0.14 m w.e. a−1) and 2002–2020 (−0.01 ± 0.07 m w.e. a−1). Additionally, the glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) in WK was 5788 m, 5744 m, and 5786 m, respectively, and the corresponding accumulation area ratios (AARs) were 0.59, 0.62, and 0.58, during 2002–2011, 2011–2020, and 2002–2020, respectively. Regarding glacier response, compared with the ordinary-least-square (OLS) model, the artificial neural network (ANN) model revealed a respectively less and more sensitive glacier SMB response to extreme negative and positive summer skin temperatures. In addition, the ANN model indicated that the glacier ELA was less sensitive when the integrated water vapor transport (IVT) change exceeded 0.7 kg m−1s−1. Moreover, compared with IVT (−121.57 m/kg m−1s−1), glacier ELA shifts were chiefly dominated by summer skin temperature (+154.66 m/℃) in the last two decades. From 2002–2011 and 2011–2020, glacier SMB was more susceptible to summer skin temperature (−0.38 m w.e./℃ and −0.16 m w.e./℃, respectively), while during 2002–2020, it was more influenced by IVT (0.45 m w.e./kg m−1s−1). In contrast with eastern WK, glaciers in western WK were healthier, although mitigation measures are still needed to safeguard glacier health and prevent possible natural hazards in this region. Finally, we believe that the inconsistent change between glacier SMB and ELAs from 2002–2020 was connected with ice rheology and that the combined effects of skin temperature and IVT can explain the WK glacier anomaly.<br
Keywords: specific mass balance; continuity equation; glacier health; glacier response; West Kunlun

Thinking Dimensionally in Social Sciences. An unconventional notion of social space for research on social topics. - Geiselhart, Klaus (EspacesTemps.net, 2014)
This article carries the constructivist idea to its logical conclusion. If space is always perceived in three dimensions and does not have a substance, why not consider social topics in the the same way and see whether this produces informative and new insights ? The notion of Euclidean space as a dimensional system of ordering is an elementary concept in social sciences. This article gives two examples of how this concept could be employed in a non-positivistic and non-essentialist way with regard to social topics. Euclidean space is thereby not only seen as the metric space of mathematics but is also founded in the human cognition of space. The strength of this concept is that it reflects a basic experience and is thus very tangible and comprehensible. It is largely internalised by every individual and can thus evoke conclusive explanations when deliberately used. The first empirical example assesses day-to-day practices of consumption and is a critique of consumer style research. The second is an example about HIV-related stigma and discrimination ; it explains how the suggested perspective can be helpful in analysing social segregation and categorisation of marginalised people. The article introduces dimensional thinking as one way to capture geographical imaginations. Looking at attitudes of individuals rather than their attributes opens a perspective to mobility and flexibility in social space.
Keywords: theory of space

This Is Not an Atlas. A Global Collection of Counter Cartographies - Michel, Boris (transcript Verlag, 2018)

Time Series Analysis of Land Cover Change in Dry Mountains: Insights from the Tajik Pamirs - Vanselow, Kim; Zandler, Harald; Samimi, Cyrus (Remote Sensing, 2021)
Greening and browning trends in vegetation have been observed in many regions of the world in recent decades. However, few studies focused on dry mountains. Here, we analyze trends of land cover change in the Western Pamirs, Tajikistan. We aim to gain a deeper understanding of these changes and thus improve remote sensing studies in dry mountainous areas. The study area is characterized by a complex set of attributes, making it a prime example for this purpose. We used generalized additive mixed models for the trend estimation of a 32-year Landsat time series (1988-2020) of the modified soil adjusted vegetation index, vegetation data, and environmental and socio-demographic data. With this approach, we were able to cope with the typical challenges that occur in the remote sensing analysis of dry and mountainous areas, including background noise and irregular data. We found that greening and browning trends coexist and that they vary according to the land cover class, topography, and geographical distribution. Greening was detected predominantly in agricultural and forestry areas, indicating direct anthropogenic drivers of change. At other sites, greening corresponds well with increasing temperature. Browning was frequently linked to disastrous events, which are promoted by increasing temperatures.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-29

Tobias Weidinger: Onward (Im)Mobilities and Integration Processes of Refugee Newcomers in Rural Bavaria, Germany - Bendel, Petra; Weidinger, Tobias (FAU University Press, 2021)
Deutschland wurde in den letzten zehn Jahren zum zahlenmäßig bedeutendsten Aufnahmeland für Geflüchtete in Europa. Aufgrund einer Verteilungspolitik und einer Wohnsitzregelung müssen Asylbewerber:innen und anerkannte und umgesiedelte Flüchtlinge aber zunehmend auch als ein ländliches Phänomen betrachtet werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielte die Studie darauf ab, die Weiterwanderungen, (Im)Mobilitäten und Integrationsprozesse dieser "geflüchteten Neuzugewanderten" besser zu verstehen, wobei der Fokus auf ländlichen Besonderheiten in Bezug auf Ansiedlung und Integration lag. Basierend auf einem interdisziplinären multimethodischen Ansatz und einer Fallstudie im ländlichen Bayern, Deutschland, wurden im Rahmen einer kumulativen Dissertation drei Aspekte analysiert: Erstens die diskursive Rahmung von Ansiedlungsprozessen von Geflüchteten in ländlichen Räumen; zweitens die Wohn- und Alltags(im)mobilitäten von geflüchteten Neuzugewanderten in diesen Regionen; und drittens die Charakteristika von Mechanismen der sozialräumlichen Exklusion und Inklusion von Geflüchteten in Bezug auf Alltagsmobilität und Zugang zu ländlichem Wohnrau
Keywords: Bevölkerungsgeografie; Internationale Migration; Flucht; Flüchtling; ländlicher Raum; Bayerischer Wald; Soziale Integration; Mobilität; Wohnen

Tourismus - Michel, Boris; Beurskens, Kristine; Bürk, Thomas; Füller, Henning; Grube, Nils (Handbuch Kritische Stadtgeographie, 2018)

Toward a late Holocene glacial chronology for the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet - Loibl, David; Hochreuther, Philipp; Schulte, Philipp; Hülle, Daniela; Zhu, Haifeng; Bräuning, Achim; Lehmkuhl, Frank (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2015)
Monsoonal-affected temperate glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet, are highly sensitive to climate change. Knowledge about their late Holocene dynamics is still, however, widely lacking. The few studies on glacial chronology which are available for this region tend to mainly focus on dating results without sufficiently considering the geomorphological setting, often leading to misinterpretations in this complex high mountain environment. In this study, two selected glacier forelands are investigated using a multi-proxy approach encompassing detailed geomorphological mapping, dendrochronology, sedimentology, and optically stimulated luminescence as well as radiocarbon dating. The starting point was the creation of a consistent morphosequence which was validated by remote sensing of further glacier forelands from the wider region. Similarities and differences between the investigated settings were analyzed in detail to identify the relevant morphological and topoclimatic forcing mechanisms. We found evidence of climatic events affecting the whole region during the Little Ice Age, resulting in similar configurations and numbers of moraines. The geomorphological settings of the glacier forelands are, however, remarkably different, making investigations of the landform and sediment configuration an indispensable condition for their interpretation. Subsequently, constraints from different methods of relative and numerical dating were evaluated critically and included into a conceptual chronosequence if applicable. Our results suggest that the late Holocene maximum glacier advance comprised several successive advances from mid-17th to mid-18th century. None of our observations supports an earlier Neoglacial advance reaching further than the LIA maximum. After the LIA maximum, continued retreat that was only interrupted by short phases of stability followed, as evidenced by 2-3 recessional moraines in the investigated settings.
Keywords: Holocene glacier forelands; Detailed geomorphological mapping; Dendrochronology; Little Ice Age; OSL dating; SE Tibet

Towards a Poststructuralist Perspective on the Making and the Power of Maps. A Response to Ball and Petsimeris - Michel, Boris (Forum qualitative Sozialforschung, 2010)
This paper takes the recent article "Mapping Urban Social Divisions" by BALL and PETSIMERIS, published in FQS, as a starting point for discussing the role of maps for visualizing knowledge and as an object of research in the social sciences. The paper draws on the theoretical approach of "critical cartography" which changed the conception of maps and the practice of mapmaking since the early 1990s. Critical cartography is deeply informed by a poststructuralist critique of knowledge and truth. Maps, no longer conceptualized as graphical images of reality where the only concern is the quality of the data, are powerful actors in the social construction of reality. © 2010 FQS.
Keywords: Critical cartography; Geography; Maps; Visualization

Towards a Situated Spatial Epidemiology of Violence: A Placially-Informed Geospatial Analysis of Homicide in Alagoas, Brazil - Walker, Blake; Moura de Souza, Cléssio; Pedroso, Enrique; Lai, Ryan S.; Hunter, Paige; Tam, Jessy; Cave, Isaac; Swanlund, David; Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020)
This paper presents an empirically grounded call for a more nuanced engagement and situatedness with placial characteristics within a spatial epidemiology frame. By using qualitative data collected through interviews and observation to parameterise standard and spatial regression models, and through a critical interpretation of their results, we present initial inroads for a situated spatial epidemiology and an analytical framework for health/medical geographers to iteratively engage with data, modelling, and the context of both the subject and process of analysis. In this study, we explore the socioeconomic factors that influence homicide rates in the Brazilian state of Alagoas from a critical public health perspective. Informed by field observation and interviews with 24 youths in low-income neighbourhoods and prisons in Alagoas, we derive and critically reflect on three regression models to predict municipal homicide rates from 2016–2020. The model results indicate significant effects for the male population, persons without elementary school completion, households with reported income, divorced persons, households without piped water, and persons working outside their home municipality. These results are situated in the broader socioeconomic context, trajectories, and cycles of inequality in the study area and underscore the need for integrative and contextually engaged mixed method study design in spatial epidemiology.

Trace element and stable (C, O) and radiogenic (Sr) isotope geochemistry of stromatolitic carbonate rocks of the Mesoarchaean Pongola Supergroup: Implications for seawater composition - Siahi, Mehrnaz; Hofmann, Axel; Master, Sharad; Wilson, Allan; Mayr, Christoph (Chemical Geology, 2018)

TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 1: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2002 - Schleser, Gerhard Hans; Winiger, Matthias; Bräuning, Achim; Gärtner, Holger; Helle, Gerhard; Jansma, Esther; Neuwirth, Burkhard; Treydte, Kerstin (Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 33, 2003)

TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2003 - Jansma, Esther; Bräuning, Achim; Gärtner, Holger; Schleser, Gerhard Hans (Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 44, 2004)

Tracing contingencies: Analyzing the political in assemblages of web 2.0 cartographies - Bittner, Christian; Glasze, Georg; Turk, Catherine (Geo Journal, 2013)
Our paper presents a theoretical approach to critical research on web 2.0 cartographies. Within the geoweb, dynamic and collaborative web based maps have become a popular medium for collating and communicating geographic information. Web 2.0 cartographies are often promoted as facilitating public participation and democratizing geographic knowledge. Such claims demand a closer look at the processes through which people do engage in these cartographic projects and the multiple actors, institutions, norms and technologies at work. In the context of 'theorizing the geoweb', here we propose conceptual tools for analyzing these myriad interactions within web 2.0 cartographies. We understand web 2.0 cartographies as assemblages of subjects, materialities and practices, or 'actor networks'. Yet explorations of actor-networks describe existing relations and as a consequence tend to overlook what has been excluded or lies outside of such assemblages. In order to overcome this blindness we suggest bringing together actor-network theory with the concepts of hegemonic discourses, contingency and the political from Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau. These two political theorists stress the idea that specific social realities become fixed, sedimented and perceived as natural while other possible social realities become marginalized. Using the example of the dynamic 'Palestine Crisis Map' (an Ushahidi Crowdmap) we demonstrate a methodology that emphasizes sensitivity towards moments of exclusion and struggle, where the political unfolds. Theorizing the political in this way extends the processual approach within Critical Cartography and offers a conceptual basis for critical research on the social dimensions of web 2.0 cartographies and geoweb practices. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrech
Keywords: Actor-network theory; Critical cartography; Geoweb; Theory of discourses and hegemonies; Web 2.0 cartography

Tracing responses to climate variability from stable isotopes in tree rings of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sclerocarya birrea from the Sahel zone, Burkina Faso - Gebrekirstos, Aster; Mitlöhner, Ralph; Van Noordwijk, Meine; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)

Traditional ecological knowlegde and biodiversity management in the Andes of southern Ecuador - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (Geographica Helvetica, 2006)
The tropical mountain rainforests of the eastern Andean slopes in southern Ecuador have an extraordinary rich biodiversity. At the same time. these sensitive ecosystems are vulnerable because of the extension of agricultural land, the extraction of timber, mining activities, the tapping of water resources and similar anthropogenic intrusions. Ethno-specific knowledge of the tropical rainforest ecosystem was determined in sample communities of the Shuar, the Saraguros and the Mestizo-Colonos – particularly with respect to the natural forest resources and their uses. Ethnoecological and agrogeographical research methods were used to document the indigenous knowledge of traditionally utilized wild and eultivated plants, to analyze current forms of land use (including the traditional cultivation of forest and home gardens), and to evaluate ethno-specific survival strategies and strategies of biodiversity managemen
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDH.tradit

Tragen extreme Niederschlagsmengen zur Baumartenvielfalt an tropischen Waldgrenzen bei? - Peters, Thorsten; Richter, Michael (Arbeitskreis Hochgebirge, 2008)

Training teilnehmerzentrierter Exkursionskonzepte im Verein "Geographie für Alle" und in der geographischen Hochschullehre - Glasze, Georg (Vielperspektivität und Teilnehmerzentrierung - Richtungsweiser der Exkursionsdidatik, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.traini

Transferability of species distribution models for the detection of an invasive alien bryophyte using imaging spectroscopy data - Skowronek, Sandra; Van De Kerchove, Ruben; Rombouts, Bjorn; Aerts, Raf; Ewald, Michael; Warrie, Jens; Schiefer, Felix; Garzon-Lopez, Carol; Hattab, Tarek; Honnay, Olivier; Lenoir, Jonathan; Rocchini, Duccio; et al. (International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2018)
Remote sensing is a promising tool for detecting invasive alien plant species. Mapping and monitoring those species requires accurate detection. So far, most studies relied on models that are locally calibrated and validated against available field data. Consequently, detecting invasive alien species at new study areas requires the acquisition of additional field data which can be expensive and time-consuming. Model transfer might thus provide a viable alternative. Here, we mapped the distribution of the invasive alien bryophyte Campyl opus introflexus to i) assess the feasibility of spatially transferring locally calibrated models for species detection between four different heathland areas in Germany and Belgium and ii) test the potential of combining calibration data from different sites in one species distribution model (SDM). In a first step, four different SDMs were locally calibrated and validated by combining field data and airborne imaging spectroscopy data with a spatial resolution ranging from 1.8 m to 4 m and a spectral resolution of about 10 nm (244 bands). A one-class classifier, Maxent, which is based on the comparison of probability densities, was used to generate all SDMs. In a second step, each model was transferred to the three other study areas and the performance of the models for predicting C. introfiexus occurrences was assessed. Finally, models combining calibration data from three study areas were built and tested on the remaining fourth site. In this step, different combinations of Maxent modelling parameters were tested. For the local models, the area under the curve for a test dataset (test AUC) was between 0.57-0.78, while the test AUC for the single transfer models ranged between 0.45-0.89. For the combined models the test AUC was between 0.54-0.9. The success of transferring models calibrated in one site to another site highly depended on the respective study site; the combined models provided higher test AUC values than the locally calibrated models for three out of four study sites. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the importance of optimizing the Maxent modelling parameters. Overall, our results indicate the potential of a combined model to map C. introf/exus without the need for new calibration data.
Keywords: Campylopus introflexus; Heath star moss; Hyperspectral; Maxent; Dune ecosystem; Model transfer

Transformation of soil organic matter in Tussock grassland of New Zealand by Hieracium pilosella - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-06:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.transf

Transnational Mobility and 'Insideness': Visual Methods and the Study of Home(s) in Retirement Migrants' Daily Lives - Kordel, Stefan (Transnational Migration and Home in Older Age, 2016)
Keywords: Migration; Home; Ageing; Spain; Visual Methods

Traumhaftes Franken. Bd. 3: Die schönsten Ausflugsziele rund um Nürnberg / Kurt Endres ; Herbert Liedel. Nürnberg 2005 - Hübner, Thomas (2006)

Tree Circumference Changes and Species-Specific Growth Recovery After Extreme Dry Events in a Montane Rainforest in Southern Ecuador - Raffelsbauer, Volker; Spannl, Susanne; Pena, Kelly; Pucha-Cofrep, Darwin; Steppe, Kathy; Bräuning, Achim (Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019)
Under drought conditions, even tropical rainforests might turn from carbon sinks to sources, and tree species composition might be altered by increased mortality. We monitored stem diameter variations of 40 tree individuals with stem diameters above 10 cm belonging to eleven different tree genera and three tree life forms with high-resolution dendrometers from July 2007 to November 2010 and additionally March 2015 to December 2017 in a tropical mountain rainforest in South Ecuador, a biodiversity hotspot with more than 300 different tree species belonging to different functional types. Although our study area receives around 2200 mm of annual rainfall, dry spells occur regularly during so-called "Veranillo del Nino" (VdN) periods in October-November. In climate change scenarios, droughts are expected with higher frequency and intensity as today. We selected dry intervals with a minimum of four consecutive days to examine how different tree species respond to drought stress, raising the question if some species are better adapted to a possible higher frequency and increasing duration of dry periods. We analyzed the averaged species-specific stem shrinkage rates and recovery times during and after dry periods. The two deciduous broadleaved species Cedrela montana and Handroanthus chrysanthus showed the biggest stem shrinkage of up to 2 mm after 10 consecutive dry days. A comparison of daily circumference changes over 600 consecutive days revealed different drought responses between the families concerning the percentage of days with stem shrinkage/increment, ranging from 27.5 to 72.5% for Graffenrieda emarginata to 45-55% for Podocarpus oleifolius under same climate conditions. Moreover, we found great difference of recovery times after longer-lasting (i.e., eight to ten days) VdN drought events between the two evergreen broadleaved species Vismia cavanillesiana and Tapirira guianensis. While Vismia replenished to pre-VdN stem circumference after only 5 days, Tapirira needed 52 days on average to restore its circumference. Hence, a higher frequency of droughts might increase inter-species competition and species-specific mortality and might finally alter the species composition of the ecosystem.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-09

Tree dieback affects climate change mitigation potential of a dry afromontane forest in northern Ethiopia - Mokria, Mulugeta; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Aynekulu, Ermias; Bräuning, Achim (Forest Ecology and Management, 2015)
Extreme climatic events such as droughts are likely to result in huge and long-lasting effects on regional ecosystem health if large numbers of foundation tree species continue to die. Although deforestation is severe in the Ethiopian highlands, some remnants of dry afromontane forests still exist. However, the resilience of these forests under climate change scenarios is unknown. Therefore, we studied (1) the extent and spatial patterns of standing dead stems along an elevational gradient and (2) the effects of dieback on forest carbon sequestration potential and aboveground carbon stocks, in Juniperus procera and Olea europaea dominated dry afromontane forest in northern Ethiopia, using allometric models combined with tree ring analysis. Juniperus procera and Olea europaea constitute 67% of the total tree population. Tree dieback affected a quarter of the total population. This loss is critical because 92.2% of snags belong to J. procera and O. europaea, which are the foundation species of the study forest. The total estimated mean aboveground C-stock was 19.3 (±3.9) Mg C ha. Of this estimate, snags contributed 34.5% of total C-stock. The estimated annual C-sequestration potential of the study forest was 0.33 (±0.03) Mg C ha year, which is 27% less when compared to the pre-tree dieback C-sequestration potential. We found a decreasing trend in tree dieback with increasing elevation, which implies that the aboveground C-stocks and climate change mitigation potentials of the forest, was highly affected at lower elevationswhich is the drier part of the landscape. Tree ring analysis showed that trees reach medium-sized stem diameter (i.e., 20-25cm) after no less than 100years, indicating that the effect of forest dieback on C-sequestration potential and ecosystem function is long-lasting. Our results provide information on the magnitude of tree dieback and its long-lasting impact on forest carbon fluxes and forest ecosystem services. Evidently, the results substantiate the importance of protecting such forest to maintain the quality of the environment and to reduce efforts and cost for forest restoration after major loss. Finally, the information gained by this study provides baseline information for comparison of future carbon sequestration estimates.
Keywords: Allometric model; Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Dendrochronology; Juniperus procera; Olea europaea

Tree growth–climate relationships of Juniperus tibetica along an altitudinal gradient on the southern Tibetan Plateau - He, Minhui; Bao, Yang; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2013)
The southern Tibetan Plateau forms the ecotone between forest areas and alpine steppes and thus, tree growth is expect to react sensitive to climate variability in this semi-humid region. We sampled 328 increment cores from 169 trees at two study sites at four elevations along altitudinal transects from 4,000 to 4,500 m a.s.l. to evaluate elevation-dependent tree growth–climate relationships of Juniperus tibetica. Standard dendrochronological statistical parameters like mean inter-series correlation (Rbar), expressed population signal as well as signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly correlated to elevation. Mean segment lengths and average growth rates of the tree-ring series increase with elevation. Correlation and response function analysis with available climate data indicate that elevation has no significant effect on tree growth–climate relationships. Instead, local tree growth is mainly driven by common regional climatic signals as it is also indicated by significant correlations between all chronologies over their common period of A.D. 1550–2010. Moisture variability during April–June has the highest impact on tree growth, even close to the upper tree limit.
Keywords: Altitudinal gradient; Growth-climate relationships; Semi-humid region; Tree-ring series

Tree growth under climatic and trophic forcing – A nutrient manipulation experiment in Southern Ecuador - Spannl, Susanne; Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo; Peters, Thorsten; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE – Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 11: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2012 Scientific Technical Report 13/05, GFZ Potsdam, 2013)

Tree Ring–Based Drought and Flood Analyses from the Himalayan Region Limitations, Challenges, and Future Perspectives - Shekhar, Mayank; Singh, Ayushi; CHINTHALA, BENCY DAVID; Tomar, Nidhi; Roy, Ipsita; Ranhotra, Parminder S.; Bhattacharyya, A. (CRC Press, 2023)
This chapter provides information about the past climate, drought, and flood occurrences in the Himalayan region on a long-term perspective based on dendrochronological (tree-ring) data. Evaluation of the published tree-ring records of past climate, drought, streamflow, and flood reconstructions from the Himalayan region put forth that a good number of tree and shrub species have distinct annual growth rings that make them suitable for dendrochronology and its varied applications. In general, the conifers, mainly Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don and species of Pinus growing in the Himalayan region are reported to have excellent potential to reconstruct long records of past climate for the Indian subcontinent. For the purpose of dendrochronological applications, the reconstruction of temperature, drought, and streamflow ate to the 5th to 7th century, whereas the recently attempted reconstruction of flooding events covers the 20th century (i.e., since 1900). The available tree ring–based past hydroclimate records thus provide an overview of the past drought and pluvial episodes for the Himalayan region. Such a database would improve understanding of the hydroclimatic behavior in various subregions of the Himalayas that would help in developing suitable adaptive measures for mitigation and robust models for a long-term perspective. Challenges, however, remain toward the availability of long records and poor spatial distribution that limits the proper understanding of hydroclimate behavior over the entire Himalayan region and its global teleconnection.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-15

Tree-ring based drought reconstruction in the central Hengduan Mountains region (China) since A.D. 1655 - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Cao, Kun-Fang (International Journal of Climatology, 2008)
We developed four tree ring-width chronologies of three species (Picea likiangensis Pritz, Tsuga dumosa (D. Don) Eichler and Abies ernestii Rehd.) in the central Hengduan Mountains, north-western Yunnan, China. Although the four chronologies come from different species, significant correlations exist among the chronologies (mean r = 0.47), and the first principal component accounts for 60.5% of total variance over their common period 1655-2005. Correlation and response function analyses showed that pre-monsoon (March, April) precipitation and relative humidity and Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) have positive effects on radial growth, while temperature in March influences tree growth negatively. This indicates that tree growth is generally limited by spring-moisture availability. The spring (March-May) drought reconstruction was verified with independent data, and accounts for 42% of the actual PDSI variance during their common period 1951-2000. Wet springs occurred during AD 1690s, 1715-1730, 1750s, 1780s, 1825-1850, 1900s, 1930-1960, and 1990-present. Dry springs occurred during AD 1700-1715, 1733-1745, 1790-1820, 1860-1890, 1910-1925, and 1960-1990.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri
Keywords: Dendroclimatology; Hengduan Mountains; PDSI; Tree rings

Tree-ring based evidence of the multi-decadal climatic oscillation during the past 200 years in north-central China - Kang, Shuyuan; Bräuning, Achim; Ge, Hongyuan (Journal of Arid Environments, 2014)
As the northern fringe of the Asian summer monsoon region, north-central China (hereafter NCC) is highly sensitive to climate change. It is important to understand drought variability and the associated mechanisms in this region since precipitation changes have direct impacts on human society in this semiarid-arid area. In this study, a new tree ring-width based drought reconstruction (AD 1804-2010) was established in the Songmingyan Nature Reserve, which lies in NCC. This reconstruction illustrates the severe drought periods occurring in the 1860s, 1928-1932 and 1991-2000, with recurring drought intervals being about 60 years. The first principal component of the five chronologies from NCC shows strongly coherent drought variability with the other single-site records and can thus be used as an indicator of regional moisture variations. Combining the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (hereafter MADA) dataset and the dry-wet index (hereafter DWI) dataset from eastern China, the spatial distribution of moisture variability for three selected drought events is mapped. It is found that northern China and Mongolia experienced dry conditions during the three severe drought periods, whereas wet conditions prevailed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (hereafter PDO) might have been one of the possible causes responsible for multi-decadal drought variability over NCC, with the PDO warm phases being associated with drought conditions and the cold phases corresponding to wet conditions over NCC. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Dendroclimatology; Drought events; Drought variability; Multi-decadal; North-central China; Pacific decadal oscillation

Tree-ring based reconstruction of the joint deficit index in Javan-Roud Region, Kermanshah (Iran) - Nadi, Mehdi; Bazrafshan, Javad; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Bräuning, Achim (International Journal of Climatology, 2016)
In this study, we examine the relationship between short- and long-term effects of precipitation deficits, integrated in a drought index called ‘Joint Deficit Index (JDI)’, and tree-ring growth of oak trees (Quercus infectoria) in the Javan-Roud region, Kermanshah province (Iran). Precipitation data from regional climate stations cover the period 1968–2008, and the tree-ring width chronology span over the period 1818–2008. This chronology is highly correlated with the JDI (January–September) series for the instrumental period (P < 0.01). Therefore, the regional JDI was reconstructed using a simple linear regression model which accounts for 40% of JDI (January–September) variances over the instrumental period. Reconstructed drought periods persisted on average for 2 years, and some severe drought lasted for 3–4 years. However, one 7-year drought was reconstructed over the period 1923–1929. The most severe droughts occurred in the periods 1960–1963 and 1999–2001. While the reconstructed JDIs have no significant correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation, a significant negative correlation was observed with the Southern Oscillation Index in November and December of pre growth during the common period from 1877 to 2008. An appropriate agreement was found between our reconstruction and historical famines in Iran and also reconstructed results from neighbouring countries in the east (China) and west (Turkey and other countries around the Mediterranean Sea), particularly for the most severe droughts. The highest agreement was achieved with regions in the pathway of westerly storm tracks travelling via the Mediterranean region into Iran.

Tree-ring-based seasonal temperature reconstructions and ecological implications of recent warming on oak forest health in the Zagros Mountains, Iran - Arsalani, Mohsen; Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim (International journal of biometeorology, 2022)
Abrupt changes in temperature have especially strong impacts on fragile ecosystems located in semi-arid regions. In this study, we analyzed tree-ring widths (TRW) of Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis) in the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Furthermore, we separately measured earlywood width (EWW) and latewood width (LWW) of Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) to examine if intra-annual resolution of tree-ring parameters of Q. brantii tree rings can be used as high-resolution paleoclimate proxies. Climate-growth relationships revealed that mean monthly maximum temperatures (Tmax) are a dominant factor determining radial tree growth and negatively affect both oak and cypress in the Zagros Mountains. Accordingly, we reconstructed two different seasonal windows of past Tmax variability, namely, January–March and June–August over the periods 1860–2015 and 1560–2015, respectively. Regime shift detection identified twelve warm and nine cold significant regime shifts in our summer Tmax reconstructions. The longest hot summer period occurred in the twentieth century, and two warm regime shifts occurred in 1999 and 2008. The highest values of the warm summer regime shift index occurred in 2008, which coincided with fungal pathogen attacks and insect outbreak of the oak leaf roller moth (Tortrix viridana L.) in the Zagros oak woodlands. Interestingly, we found common warm and cold periods in historic climate variability between the summer and winter Tmax reconstructions. Warm and cold regime shifts occurred simultaneously from 1955 to 2015, and significant regional warm summer and winter regime shifts have occurred between 2008 and 2015. The winter and summer Tmax reconstructions show high spatial correlations with large areas in West Asia, North Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean region. Our results strengthen initial studies on past climate variability in Iran and contribute to an enhanced understanding of past temperature variability in West Asia.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-10-21
Keywords: Earlywood width; Insect outbreak; Mediterranean cypress; Temperature reconstruction; Tree-ring width; Zagros oak woodland

Tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotopes indicate atmospheric aridity in the western Kunlun Mountains - Feng, Xiaoyu; Huang, Ru; Zhu, Haifeng; Liang, Eryuan; Bräuning, Achim; Zhong, Linhao; Gong, Zhaohui; Zhang, Peng; Asad, Fayaz; Zhu, Xiaolong; Grießinger, Jussi (Ecological Indicators, 2022)
As an important indicator of atmospheric aridity, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is being paid increasing attention in global change researches during recent decades. However, available proxy data with the capability to represent VPD is still scarce in the globe. Herein we demonstrated a “hidden” frequency-dependent indication of tree-ring cellulose oxygen isotope (δ18OTRC) to atmospheric aridity in the western Kunlun Mountains, Central Asia. In applying correlation and partial correlation analysis, frequency-dependent climatic drivers triggering the δ18OTRC values were detected. For the raw data with inter-decadal variability, δ18OTRC variations mainly indicated May–August precipitation (Local: r = –0.59, p < 0.001; Moisture source: r = –0.53, p < 0.001), evapotranspiration (ET) (Local: r = –0.57, p < 0.001; Moisture source: r = –0.51, p < 0.001). After a 5-year high-pass filter, the δ18OTRC series revealed highly significant correlation with May–August VPD (Local: r = 0.82, p < 0.001; Moisture source: r = 0.80, p < 0.001). The partial correlation further confirmed the strong linkages with high-frequency VPD when the impact of any additional eco-climatological variable (precipitation, temperature, ET, soil moisture 0–40 cm) was excluded. In contrast, if the effect of May–August VPD was excluded, relationships between δ18OTRC and other variables turned insignificant. Collectively, it was concluded that δ18OTRC from the western Kunlun Mountains may indicate VPD at timescales < 5 years. Our results suggest that frequency-dependent climatic significances should be considered when interpreting multi-process determined δ18OTRC as a climate-proxy.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-25
Keywords: Atmospheric aridity; Frequency-dependency; Tree-ring cellulose δ; Vapor pressure deficit; Western Kunlun Mountains

Tree-ring dating of lateral and terminal Little Ice Age moraines of four glaciers in southeast Tibet - Hochreuther, Philipp; Loibl, David; Wernicke, Jakob; Grießinger, Jussi; Zhu, Haifeng; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 13: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2014 Scientific Technical Report 15/06, GFZ Potsdam, 2013)

Tree ring density-based summer temperature reconstruction for the central Hengduan Mountains in southern China - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Yang, Bao; Cao, Kun-Fang (Global and Planetary Change, 2009)
Variations in ring width and wood density of Picea brachytyla were used to develop high-resolution climate proxy data to extend the existing climate record in the central Hengduan Mountains, north-western Yunnan Province, China. Growth-climate response analyses showed that the total ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) in the sub-alpine zone are mainly influenced by summer temperature variability. Based on a MXD regional chronology derived from two high elevation sites, we developed a warm season (April-September) temperature reconstruction for the period A.D. 1750-2006. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 41% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period 1958-2004. Warm summers occurred during 1750s, 1820-50s, 1880-1890s, 1930-1950s and 1990-present; while the periods of 1790-1810s, 1860-1870s, 1900-1920s, and 1960-1985 were relatively cold. Spatial climate correlation analyses with gridded land surface data revealed that our warm season temperature reconstruction contains a strong regional temperature signal for the Hengduan Mountain ranges. Our reconstruction successfully captured recent abrupt climatic changes and agreed in general with other tree ring-based temperature reconstructions from nearby regions on a decadal timescale. In addition, reconstructed summer temperature variations were consistent with recorded glacier fluctuations in the surrounding high mountains.
Keywords: dendroclimatology; Hengduan Mountains; maximum latewood density; ring width; temperature

Tree-ring derived millennial precipitation record for the south-central Tibetan Plateau and its possible driving mechanism. - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Wang, Jianglin; Wang, Zhangyong (Holocene, 2013)
Knowledge of Asian monsoon variability remains limited because of sparse instrumental data available only for short time series. Here, an updated tree-ring width record covering the period ad 1037-2009 was developed for the south-central Tibetan Plateau (TP). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship (r = 0.71) between the tree-ring index and annual (previous July to current June) precipitation series for the instrumental period 1963-2008, which accounts for 50.41% of the rainfall variability. Based on a linear regression model, the longest available regional precipitation history was reconstructed. Spatial correlation between tree ring width and annual precipitation data from previous July to current June indicates that the reconstruction is representative of precipitation changes on the south-central TP. Regional wet conditions occurred during ad 1095-1161, 1376-1403, 1414-1446, 1518-1537, 1549-1572, 1702-1757, 1848-1878 and 1891-1913, while dry periods were identified during ad1189-1242, 1256-1314, 1329-1357, 1470-1491, 1573-1623, 1636-1686, 1761-1821, 1823-1847, 1879-1890 and 1931-1985. The negative correlation between our reconstructed precipitation and India monsoon rainfall series indicates the seesaw pattern over northern and southern monsoon Asia. It is suggested that solar radiation-induced sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical Pacific influence regional rainfall patterns. The degree of this influence has been stable at the multidecadal scale during the past 1000 years.
Keywords: Asian summer monsoon; past millennium; precipitation variation; solar activity; south-central Tibetan Plateau; tree-ring records

Tree-ring evidence of "Little Ice Age" glacier advances in Southern Tibet. - Bräuning, Achim (Holocene, 2006)
The history of late Holocene glacier fluctuations in eastern Tibet was studied by determining the ages of trees growing on glacier deposits. Maximum tree ages yield minimum ages of AD 1760 and 1780 for moraine formation at the maximum extent of the 'Little Ice Age' glacier advances in two glacier forefieids. Subsequent moraines could be dated to the beginning of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. Larch trees from a third glacier forefield in southeastern Tibet show evidence of glacier activity from 1580 to 1590, from the end of the eighteenth to the beginning of the nineteenth century and from 1860 to 1880. One glacier at Mt Gyalaperi recently advanced in both 1951 and 1987. Periods of glacier advances can partly be correlated with periods of growth reductions in chronologies of total ring width and maximum latewood density derived from trees growing on slopes above the glacier valleys. Correlation functions with meteorological data suggest that maximum latewood density of subalpine Picea balfouriana, Larix griffithii and Abies delavayi var. mutouensis is positively correlated with summer temperature, while ring width of these species and of subalpine Juniperus tibetica is also sensitive to winter conditions prior to the growing season.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri
Keywords: 'Little Ice Age'; Dendroclimatology; Dendroglaciology; Glacier history; Summer temperatures; Tibetan Plateau

Tree-ring features: indicators of extreme event impacts - Bräuning, Achim; De Ridder, Maaike; Zafirov, Nikolay; García-González, Ignacio; Dimitrov, Dimitar Petrov; Gärtner, Holger (Iawa Journal, 2016)
Wood anatomical features may be visible on the microscopic as well as on the macroscopic scale. While the former can often be quantified by detailed wood anatomical analyses, the latter are often treated as qualitative features or as binary variables (present/absent). Macroscopic tree-ring features can be quantified in terms of frequency, intensity, or classified according to their position within a tree ring, like intra-annual density variations (IADFs) in conifers or frost rings in earlywood or latewood. Although some of these tree-ring features, like e.g. missing rings or IADFs are often seen as anomalies, hampering dendrochronologists to perform proper crossdating of tree-ring series, many of these properties are formed under extreme environmental stress or heavy impact, and could mark these extreme events by the manifestation in the wood anatomical structures throughout the lifespan of trees. The described tree-ring features form discrete time-series of extreme events. For example, flood rings may be marked by lunar-shaped earlywood vessels or enlarged latewood vessels in ring-porous oaks. White earlywood rings and light rings indicate reduced cell wall thickness and lignification occurring in very cold years. Frost rings result from cambial cell death during abrupt cooling events in the growing season. Missing rings and IADFs are mainly caused by drought events. Characteristic variations in earlywood vessel size, shape, or number in ring-porous oak species are markers for flood events, defoliation, heat stress, or drought. Traumatic resin ducts may be triggered by a range of biotic or environmental stressors, including wounding, fires or mechanical factors. Reaction wood is indicative of mechanical stress, often related to geomorphic events. In many cases anatomical responses are unspecific and may be caused by different stressors or extreme events. Additionally, the sensitivity of trees to form such features may vary between species, or between life stages within one species. We critically evaluate the indicative value of different wood anatomical tree-ring features for environmental reconstructions.
Keywords: Missing rings; earlywood vessels; white rings; traumatic ducts; frost rings; flood rings; extreme events; light rings; reaction wood

Tree ring inferred summer temperature variations over the last millennium in western Himalaya, India. - Yadav, Ram Ratan; Bräuning, Achim; Singh, Jayendra (Climate Dynamics, 2011)
We report the first millennium-long reconstruction of mean summer (May-June-July-August) temperature extending back to AD 940 derived from tree-ring width data of Himalayan pencil juniper (Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch) from the monsoon-shadow zone in the western Himalaya, India. Centennial-scale variations in the reconstruction reveal periods of protracted warmth encompassing the 11-15th centuries. A decreasing trend in mean summer temperature occurred since the 15th century with the 18-19th centuries being the coldest interval of the last millennium, coinciding with the expansion of glaciers in the western Himalaya. Since the late 19th century summer temperatures increased again. However, current warming may be underestimated due to a weakening in tree growth-temperature relationship noticeable in the latter part of the 20th century. Mean summer temperature over the western Himalaya shows a positive correlation with summer monsoon intensity over north central India. Low-frequency variations in mean summer temperature anomalies over northwestern India are consistent with tree-ring inferred aridity in western North America. These far-distance linkages reported here for the first time underscore the utility of long-term temperature records from the western Himalayan region in understanding global-scale climatic patterns.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri
Keywords: Droughts; Indian summer monsoon; Mean summer temperature; Tree rings; Western Himalaya; Western North America

Tree-Ring Isotopic Records Suggest Seasonal Importance of Moisture Dynamics Over Glacial Valleys of the Central Himalaya - Singh, Nilendu; Shekhar, Mayank; Parida, Bikash Ranjan; Gupta, Anil K.; Sain, Kalachand; Rai, Santosh K.; Bräuning, Achim; Singh Charkaborty, Joyeeta; Sharma, Vikram; Kamal Tiwari, Reet; Chauhan, Pankaj; Montagnani, Leonardo (Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022)
Accelerated glacier mass loss is primarily attributed to greenhouse-induced global warming. Land-climate interactions have increasingly been recognized as an important forcing at the regional-local scale, but the related effects on the Himalayan glaciers are less explored and thought to be an important factor regulating spatial heterogeneity. The aim of the present study is a multi-decadal approximation of glacier-hydroclimate interaction over the western region of the central Himalaya (WCH). Multi-species, highly coherent, tree-ring cellulose delta O-18 chronologies from three sites across the WCH were used to derive atmospheric humidity (Atmospheric Moisture Content: AMC) record of the last four centuries. Annual-scale AMC reconstruction implies a decreasing regional atmospheric moisture since the mid-19th century and a sharp decline in recent decades (1960s). Coherency analyses between regional AMC and glacier mass balance (GMB) indicate an abrupt phase-shift in the relationship after the 1960s within a common record of the last 273 years. To ascertain the cause of this phase-shift, annual AMC was disintegrated into seasonal-scale, utilizing similar to 200 years of delta O-18 record of a deciduous tree species. Seasonal (winter: October-March; summer: April-September) AMC reconstructions and disaggregation results indicate higher sensitivity of regional ice-mass variability to winter moisture dynamics than summer.Winter season AMC reconstruction confirms a revival of winter westerlies-driven moisture influx in the region since the 1970 s. Meanwhile, the record for the summer season AMC indicates a gradual decline in moisture influx from the beginning of the 20th century. Interestingly, despite a prominent decline in Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation after the mid-20th century, the summer season AMC-GMB relation remained stable. We hypothesize that decadal-scale greening, and consequently increased evapotranspiration and pre-monsoon precipitation might have been recycled through the summer season, to compensate for the ISM part of precipitation. However, isotope-enabled ecophysiological models and measurements would strengthen this hypothesis. In addition, high-resolution radiative forcing and long-term vegetation greening trends point towards a probable influence of valley greening on GMB. Our results indicate that attribution of ice mass to large-scale dynamics is likely to be modulated by local vegetation changes. This study contributes to the understanding of long-term hydroclimate-ice mass variability in the central Himalaya, where predictions are crucial for managing water resources and ecosystems.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-07-29

Tree-ring oxygen isotope chronology of teak log coffins in northwestern Thailand and its relationship with Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation - Preechamart, Sineenart; Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Bräuning, Achim; Muangsong, Chotika; Cai, Binggui; Payomrat, Paramate; Buajan, Supaporn; Wang, Fang; Li, Miaofa (Quaternary international, 2021)
We developed a stable oxygen isotope chronology of tree-ring alpha cellulose (δ18OTR) from archaeological teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) samples from Mae Hong Son (MHS) province, northwestern Thailand. The samples were collected from ancient coffins belonging to the log coffin culture excavated at the Ban Rai rock shelter (BR). The chronology spans a period of 283 years in the late Holocene (AD14–296). The oxygen isotopic composition of BR δ18OTR ranged from 21.15‰ to 26.31‰. Since δ18OTR variations in Thailand teak can be used as indicators for precipitation amount during the rainy summer monsoon season, our chronology can be used as a proxy for regional late Holocene hydroclimate variability. This is confirmed by a significant positive correlation of our BR δ18OTR record with a stalagmite δ18O record from Klang cave, southern Thailand (r = 0.303, p < 0.01). In addition, a REDFIT spectral analysis revealed the existence of multidecadal (26.9-year) and interannual (5.6, 3.4 and 2.8-year) cycles, which may potentially be the fingerprints of climate forcing mechanisms impacting Thailand monsoon precipitation, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-11
Keywords: Log coffin culture; Radiocarbon dating; Stable oxygen isotopes; Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.)

Tree-Ring Oxygen Isotope Variations in Subalpine Firs from the Western Himalaya Capture Spring Season Temperature Signals - CHINTHALA, BENCY DAVID; Grießinger, Jussi; Ranhotra, Parminder Singh; Tomar, Nidhi; Singh, C. P.; Bräuning, Achim (Forests, 2022)
We analyzed the tree-rings δ18 O of Abies spectabilis (fir) growing at the subalpine treeline ecotone in the Magguchatti valley. The valley is located in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) dominated region of western Himalaya and also receives snow precipitation derived by westerly disturbances (WDs) during the winter months. The 60 year developed (1960–2019 CE) tree-ring δ18 O chronology revealed a strong positive correlation with the temperature of late winter and spring months (February to April). Strong negative correlations are also apparent for snowcover, soilmoisture, and relative humidity for the same spring season. Our findings partly contrast the significant correlation results of tree-ring δ18 O with summer precipitation and drought indices recorded from other summer monsoon-dominated regions in the Himalayas. The spatial correlation analyses with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and climate parameters showed subdued signals of tropical Pacific at the site, but with a shift to more moisture influx from the Arabian Sea during the last two decades. Moreover, a significant negative correlation with North Atlantic Oscillation further justifies the strongly captured spring temperature and snowcover signals and the weak effect of summer precipitation in fir trees. A temperature rising trend during the latter half of the 20th century and the elevation effect are taken as important factors controlling the moisture source at the treeline ecotone zones.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-25
Keywords: Abies spectabilis; Indian summer monsoon; Snowcover; Soil-moisture; Spring temperature; Winter westerlies

Tree ring recorded May–August temperature variations since A.D. 1585 in the Gaoligong Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. - Fan, Ze-Xin; Bräuning, Achim; Tian, Qin-Hua; Yang, Bao; Cao, Kun-Fang (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010)
High-resolution proxy data are still scarce in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, which limit our understanding of climatic variability before instrumental records. In this study, we developed 595-year tree ring-width chronology from Larix speciosa near the timberlines of the Gaoligong Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Ring-width site chronologies and a well-replicated regional chronology (RC) showed significant positive correlations with warm season temperatures from May to August. Using RC as predictor, we reconstructed mean May–August temperature for the study region that extends back to A.D. 1585. Cold conditions prevailed during the periods 1600s, 1620–30, 1640–50s, 1700s, 1730–40s, 1760s, 1810–20s, 1850s, 1900–10s and 1955–70. Warm episodes occurred during 1610s, 1660–1680s, 1710–20s, 1750s, 1780–90s, 1820–40, 1920–50 and 1980–present. Spatial correlations with gridded land surface temperatures revealed that our reconstruction represents regional temperature signal for the southern Tibetan Plateau. Comparison with other tree ring-based temperature reconstructions from surrounding areas implies a high degree of confidence for our reconstruction.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri
Keywords: Dendroclimatology; Larch; Temperature; Tree rings; Tibetan Plateau

Tree-ring record in Ethiopian church forests reveals successive generation differences in growth rates and disturbance events - Abiyu, Abrham; Mokria, Mulugeta; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim (Forest Ecology and Management, 2018)
Forests provide fundamental ecosystem services. Environmental changes are predicted to affect forest growth directly through increased environmental stressors, and indirectly by amplifying disturbance. To increase our understanding of effects of environmental changes and disturbance on Afromontane forest growth, we used tree ring data collected from Juniperus procera trees from church forests in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. We used structural change models to detect structural shift in growth trends. We applied Linear Mixed Effect Models (LMM) to compare growth rate differences between successive tree generations. The running mean method and radial growth pattern analysis were used to detect disturbance events. Three groups of generations were identified based on Basal Area Increment (BAI) rates. There are significant differences (chi(2) = 204.64, P < .001) among generations in pace of BAT, indicating that old generation trees grew at a slower pace than younger ones. Radial growth patterns were homogeneous for the old generation, but diverse in young trees. The observed high growth rates in the younger generation may have a negative effect on the longevity of the individuals and positively affect carbon accumulation in the biomass. Disturbance was detected in all generations, but worsened in the 20th century. About 35% of disturbances matched with climate extreme events, providing evidence that the disturbance is both human-induced (i.e., site-specific) and climate-induced. Thus, forest management plans should emerge from a sound understanding of climate-forest-human interaction.
Keywords: Sacred forests; Juniperus procera; Basal area increment; Disturbance; Tree longevity

Tree-ring record in Ethiopian church forests reveals successive generation differences in growth rates and disturbance events. - Hailu, Abrham Abiyu; Mokria, Mulugeta; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim (Forest Ecology and Management, 2018)
Forests provide fundamental ecosystem services. Environmental changes are predicted to affect forest growth directly through increased environmental stressors, and indirectly by amplifying disturbance. To increase our understanding of effects of environmental changes and disturbance on Afromontane forest growth, we used tree-ring data collected from Juniperus procera trees from church forests in the northwest highlands of Ethiopia. We used structural change models to detect structural shift in growth trends. We applied Linear Mixed Effect Models (LMM) to compare growth rate differences between successive tree generations. The running mean method and radial growth pattern analysis were used to detect disturbance events. Three groups of generations were identified based on Basal Area Increment (BAI) rates. There are significant differences (χ2 = 204.64, P < .001) among generations in pace of BAI, indicating that old generation trees grew at a slower pace than younger ones. Radial growth patterns were homogeneous for the old generation, but diverse in young trees. The observed high growth rates in the younger generation may have a negative effect on the longevity of the individuals and positively affect carbon accumulation in the biomass. Disturbance was detected in all generations, but worsened in the 20th century. About 35% of disturbances matched with climate extreme events, providing evidence that the disturbance is both human-induced (i.e., site-specific) and climate-induced. Thus, forest management plans should emerge from a sound understanding of climate-forest-human interactio

Tree rings in Tsuga dumosa reveal increasing drought variability in subtropical southwest China over the past two centuries - Yin, Yun Li; Zaw, Zaw; Peng, Xin Hua; Zhang, Hui; Fu, Pei Li; Wang, Wen Li; Bräuning, Achim; Fan, Ze Xin (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)
High-resolution palaeoclimate proxy records have been lacking for the subtropical region of southwest China. To gain insights into hydroclimate variability in central Yunnan Province, we constructed a tree ring-width chronology of Tsuga dumosa from the Wuliang Mountain area. Correlation analysis shows that moisture availability is predominantly the limiting factor on radial growth, particularly during the spring-early summer season. Using a well-calibrated regression model (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.001), we reconstructed the March–June Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for the period from 1826 to 2020 CE. Eleven extreme drought years (1860, 1897, 1958, 1960, 1979, 1984, 1987, 2006, 2010, 2013, and 2019) were identified, with most of them confirmed by historical evidence. The reconstruction series shows inter-annual to inter-decadal variations and an increasing occurrence of severe dry or wet events in the recent past, particularly during the last 50 years. Our drought reconstruction series shows high frequency cycle of 2–8 years. Spatial correlations indicate that our drought reconstruction captures hydrological signals over a larger area. In line with this, the reconstructed dry periods exhibit broad consistency with other tree-ring based drought reconstructions conducted in nearby regions. Our findings demonstrate the potential of tree-ring proxies for hydroclimate reconstruction in the subtropical areas of southwest China and provide crucial information for evaluating long-term climate change in this region.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-08-18
Keywords: Dendroclimatology; Drought reconstruction; Southwest China; Subtropical forest; Tree rings; Tsuga dumosa

Tree-rings in Ventral Kamchatka in comparison with climate variations and ice core data - Solomina, Olga; Muraviev, Yaroslav D.; Bräuning, Achim; Shiraiwa, Takayuki; Shiyatov, Stepan Grigorevich (Proceedings of the International Conference on Climate Change and Variability: Past, Present and Future, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri

Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE - Buntgen, Ulf; Wacker, Lukas; Galvan, J. Diego; Arnold, Stephanie; Arseneault, Dominique; Baillie, Michael; Beer, Jurg; Bernabei, Mauro; Bleicher, Niels; Boswijk, Gretel; Bräuning, Achim; Carrer, Marco; et al. (Nature Communications, 2018)

Tree-ring studies in the Dolpo-Himalya (western Nepal) - Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2003 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 44, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.treeri

Tree-ring width and vessel characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus Orientalis) along an altitudinal gradient in the caspian forests, northern Iran. - Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Lotfiomran, Neda; Bräuning, Achim; Parsapajouh, Davoud (Iawa Journal, 2011)
Vessel features of broadleaf trees may contain information about both spatial and temporal variations of environmental conditions. We report quantitative data about annual vessel characteristics for Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Caspian forest in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Time series of tree-ring width and of various vessel variables were constructed over a 50-year period for three sites along an altitudinal gradient from 1260 to 2200 m a.s.l. We evaluated the dependencies between ring width and vessel variables and estimated the influence of altitude and climate on these variables. Mean ring width and average vessel-lumen area decreased towards the high-elevation site whereas total vessel-lumen area was independent from altitude, and vessel density increased. Above-average warm summer and autumn seasons in the year prior to growth were negatively correlated with ring width and average vessel-lumen area whereas precipitation in the current June showed a positive association; vessel density responded exactly opposite to these climatic variables. Total vessel-lumen area was the only variable that reacted differently from site to site, mainly positively to temperature at 1200 m a.s.l. and negatively at 2000 and 2200 m a.s.l., whereas a consistent response to precipitation was lacking. The results indicate that vessel variables are meaningful indicators of changes in dynamics of wood formation in relation to climate along an altitudinal gradient in the Caspian mountains. As for climate reconstruction, we have to conclude that for our study area, vessel variables do not add much to information derived from ring width.
Keywords: Altitudinal gradient; Caspian forest; Climatic influence; Dendrochronology; Fagus orientalis; Oriental beech; Vessel characteristics

Tree-ring δ18Ocellulose variations in two Nothofagus species record large-scaleclimatic signals in the South American sector of the Southern Ocean - Soto Rogel, Pamela; Aravena, Juan Carlos; Villalba, Ricardo; Meier, Wolfgang; Grießinger, Jussi (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023)
In recent decades, southernmost South America (50–56° S) has experienced marked climate change (regional warming, decreased precipitation, reduced snow cover, and increased frequency of heat waves) related to variations in atmospheric circulation over varied timescales. In this paper, we develop oxygen isotopes from tree-ring cellulose (δ18OTRC) as a proxy for climate and atmospheric circulation in order to extend the regional meteorological record to deeper time intervals. Our work focuses on Nothofagus forests in two areas: (i) deciduous N. pumilio forest in the steppe transition zone near Punta Arenas and (ii) humid evergreen N. betuloides forest in the Navarino Island region. To investigate the potential for reconstructing palaeoclimate, δ18OTRC variations were correlated with local climate parameters as well as regional (Amundsen Sea Low, ASL) and hemispheric (Antarctic Oscillation, AAO) atmospheric circulation modes for the last 60 years. N. betuloides δ18OTRC variations show an overall positive trend, indicating isotopic enrichment over the study period, whereas no trend is recorded for the N. pumilio record. The strongest relationships with climate, together with the widest spatial representativeness, occur in the N. betuloides chronology during the growing season (spring to austral summer) and extend spatially from mid to high latitudes. In contrast, the sensitivity of the records is limited to summer months, and spatial correlations are much more limited. In addition, the N. betuloides record shows greater potential for reconstructing local climate features such as soil water (r = − 0.76), wind speed (r = 0.69), and precipitation (r = − 0.66), as well as regional (ASL, r = − 0.80) and hemispheric (AAO, r = 0.77) patterns of extratropical atmospheric circulation. Overall, we conclude that the N. betuloides record represents the most valuable tree-ring climate proxy for southernmost South America over past centuries.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-03-24
Keywords: Amundsen Sea Low (ASL); Antarctic Oscillation (AAO); Nothofagus betuloides; Nothofagus pumilio; Southernmost South America (SSA); Tree-ring δ

Tree-ring δ18O climate signals vary among tree functional types in South Asian tropical moist forests - Islam, Mahmuda; Rahman, Mizanur; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim (Science of the Total Environment, 2021)
We present the first annually resolved and statistically reliable tree-ring δ18O (δ18OT) chronologies for the three South Asian tropical moist forest tree species (Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss., Toona ciliata M. Roem., and Lagerstroemia speciosa Roxb.) which differ in their shade tolerance and resistance to water stress. We found significantly higher mean δ18OT values in light-demanding T. ciliata than in intermediate shade tolerant C. tabularis and shade tolerant L. speciosa (p < 0.001). δ18OT in C. tabularis was mainly influenced by pre-monsoon vapor pressure deficit (VPD; r = −0.54, p < 0.01) and post monsoon maximum temperature (Tmax) (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). δ18OT in T. ciliata was strongly negatively correlated with a dry season drought index PDSI (r = −0.65, p < 0.001) and VPD (r = −0.58, p < 0.001). Pre-monsoon Tmax was strongly positively linked with δ18OT in L. speciosa (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), indicating that climatic influences on δ18OT are species-specific and vary among tree functional types. Although there was a week correlation between local precipitation and δ18OT in our studied species, we found a strong correlation between δ18OT and precipitation at a larger spatial scale. Linear mixed effect models revealed that multiple factors improved model performance only in C. tabularis, yielding the best model, which combined VPD and Tmax. The top models in T. ciliata and L. speciosa included only the single factors PDSI and Tmax, highlighting that the way C. tabularis interacts with climate is more complex when compared with other two species. Our analyses suggest that stable oxygen isotope composition in tree rings of South Asian tropical moist forest trees are a suitable proxy of local and regional climate variability and are an important tool for understanding the physiological mechanisms associated with the global hydrological cycle.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-25
Keywords: Bangladesh; Functional traits; Oxygen isotopes; Restoration; Shade tolerance; Tree rings; Tropical forests

Tree-ring δ18O records of abating June–July monsoon rainfall over the Himalayan region in the last 273 years - Singh, Jayendra; Singh, Nilendu; Chauhan, Pankaj; Yadav, Ram R.; Bräuning, Achim; Mayr, Christoph; Rastogi, Tanupriya (Quaternary international, 2019)
There are knowledge gaps in the long-term changes in Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR, June–September) behaviour, which affects the livelihood of large population in the Indian subcontinent. To better understand ISMR variability, we reconstructed June–July rainfall for the period 1743–2015 CE from Dingad valley, Uttarakhand, central Himalaya using δ18O variations in tree rings. For this, regional mean tree-ring isotope chronology, prepared by merging δ18O chronologies of two conifer (Abies pindrow (Royle ex D.Don) Royle and Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss) and one broadleaf deciduous species (Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Camb.) Hook), was used. The reconstructed rainfall series revealed significant correlations with the observational monsoon records from different regions of India. The most conspicuous feature in our reconstructed series is a decreasing rainfall trend since 1743 CE with the driest period in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which is consistent with other monsoon rainfall proxies from a large part of the south Asian monsoon region (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Tibet Plateau). Consistency of reconstructed series with instrumental records and proxies from different regions revealed the capture of regional scale rainfall features in our data testifying its utility in understanding ISMR variability in long-term perspective.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-10-08
Keywords: Climate reconstruction; Himalayan region; India; Indian summer monsoon rainfall; June–July rainfall; Oxygen isotope; Tree-ring

Trees record changes of the temperate glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau: Potential and uncertainty - Zhu, Haifeng; Shao, Xuemei; Zhang, Hui; Asad, Fayaz; Sigdel, Shalik Ram; Huang, Ru; Li, Yanan; Liu, Wenwen; Muhammad, Sher; Hussain, Iqtidar; Grießinger, Jussi; Liang, Eryuan (Global and Planetary Change, 2019)
The Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains exhibit the largest concentration of glaciers at lower latitudes on earth, providing source water for the large river systems in Asia. However, glacier observations in this region are short and scarce and hence limit a better understanding of glacier behaviors under a warming climate and thereto coupled processes. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential and the uncertainty for using pioneering trees on glacial deposits/glacier forefields as a proxy record for past glacier fluctuations in the Himalaya-Nyanqentanggula-Hengduan (H2N) area. It was found that Hippophae tibetana spent 4 years to colonize the glacier forefields at Hailuogou glacier and Pinus wallichiana germinated 11 years after glacier retreating at Gangapuna and Raikot glaciers. At deposit sites of glacier avalanche and glacial lake outburst, it took 8 years for Larix griffithii to germinate after the historical events. As shown by bootstrap resampling, the precision of the sampled maximum tree age could reach 2-14 years, which is related to the sample size to ensure the possibility of obtaining the eldest trees. However, if using the traditional sampling method at 100-cm height, errors of tree age estimation may reach up to +/- 20 years due to uncertainties of pith offset estimation and height-age calibration. If samples are collected with pith from <= 20 cm tree height, an error of < 5 years in tree age estimation could be derived. These results suggest that maximum tree ages may be a promising proxy record of glacier fluctuation with decadal precision in the H2N mountain range if the sample-collecting methods are rigidly controlled and the old trees are well replicated. The uncertainties due to the pith offset, tree height age and sample size imply that cautions should be taken when integrating exposure age dating on decadal-multidecadal glacier fluctuations at regional to hemispheric scales.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-02-21

Trees with anisohydric behavior as main drivers of nocturnal evapotranspiration in a tropical mountain rainforest - Raffelsbauer, Volker; Pucha-Cofrep, Franz; Strobl, Simone; Knüsting, Johannes; Schorsch, Michael; Trachte, Katja; Scheibe, Renate; Bräuning, Achim; Windhorst, Dav; Bendix, Jörg; Silva, Brenner; Beck, Erwin (PLoS ONE, 2023)
This study addresses transpiration in a tropical evergreen mountain forest in the Ecuadorian Andes from the leaf to the stand level, with emphasis on nocturnal plant-water relations. The stand level: Evapotranspiration (ET) measured over 12 months with the Eddy-Covariance (ECov) technique proved as the major share (79%) of water received from precipitation. Irrespective of the humid climate, the vegetation transpired day and night. On average, 15.3% of the total daily ET were due to nocturnal transpiration. Short spells of drought increased daily ET, mainly by enhanced nighttime transpiration. Following leaf transpiration rather than air temperature and atmospheric water vapor deficit, ET showed its maximum already in the morning hours. The tree level: Due to the humid climate, the total water consumption of trees was generally low. Nevertheless, xylem sap flux measurements separated the investigated tree species into a group showing relatively high and another one with low sap flux rates. The leaf level: Transpiration rates of Tapirira guianensis, a member of the highflux- rate group, were more than twice those of Ocotea aciphylla, a representative of the group showing low sap flux rates. Representatives of the Tapirira group operated at a relatively high leaf water potential but with a considerable diurnal amplitude, while the leaves of the Ocotea group showed low water potential and small diurnal fluctuations. Overall, the Tapirira group performed anisohydrically and the Ocotea group isohydrically. Grouping of the tree species by their water relations complied with the extents of the diurnal stem circumference fluctuations. Nighttime transpiration and hydrological type: In contrast to the isohydrically performing trees of the Ocotea group, the anisohydric trees showed considerable water vapour pressure deficit (VPD)-dependent nocturnal transpiration. Therefore, we conclude that nighttime ET at the forest level is mainly sourced by the tree species with anisohydric performance.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-14

Trends in tree growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency in the tropics under elevated CO2 and climate change - Rahman, Mizanur; Islam, Mahmuda; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2019)
Key message: Increasing water-use efficiency, due to rising atmospheric CO 2 , did not stimulate radial growth in tropical trees, probably because negative impacts of changing climate on tree growth have overridden the small positive influence of rising atmospheric CO 2 . Abstract: Global environmental changes affect tree growth and physiological behavior across the major biomes around the world. However, it is not yet clear how tree growth and physiology of tropical trees responded to global environmental changes in a long term, yet such information is critical to get insight into how tropical trees will respond to future global changes. The main objective of this review article is to explore the long-term trends in tree growth, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ 13 C), intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) across the tropics and subtropics. We distinguished between data generated on plot levels or on species or tree individual levels. Stand-level growth trends were not consistent across the studies and plots, although recent studies indicated a declining growth trend. C i and iWUE consistently increased during the past decades, while Δ 13 C remained nearly constant. Increased iWUE either caused by higher photosynthetic capacity or reduced stomatal conductance did not translate into tree- and species-level radial growth, probably because assimilated carbon was allocated more to the root development to facilitate water absorption from moisture-limited soils rather than to basal area growth or xylem cell differentiation and maturation processess were impared by cavitation induced hydraulic limitations. Thus, higher temperature or drought-induced soil moisture deficit might have strongly impaired radial growth which has probably overridden the small positive effect of atmospheric CO 2 . Yet, disentangling the role of multiple drivers in explaining stem radial growth variation and their interactive effects on tropical trees under natural field conditions are not adequately studied and hence future research should focus on this aspect. Tree hydraulics should be taken into account in future research when predicting radial growth variability in tropical trees.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-21
Keywords: iWUE; Long-term growth trend; Stable isotopes; Tree physiology; Tree-ring analysis; Tropical forests

Trockenwald versus Bergregenwald: Ein Vergleich von Klimavariabilität und Baumwachstum aus Südecuador - Peters, Thorsten; Volland, Franziska; Bräuning, Achim (Arbeitskreis Biogeographie, 2009)

Tropical tree growth driven by dry-season climate variability - Zuidema, Pieter A.; Babst, Flurin; Groenendijk, Peter; Trouet, Valerie; Abiyu, Abrham; Acuña-Soto, Rodolfo; Adenesky-Filho, Eduardo; Alfaro-Sánchez, Raquel; Aragão, José Roberto Vieira; Assis-Pereira, Gabriel; Bai, Xue; Barbosa, Ana Carolina; et al. (Nature Geoscience, 2022)
Interannual variability in the global land carbon sink is strongly related to variations in tropical temperature and rainfall. This association suggests an important role for moisture-driven fluctuations in tropical vegetation productivity, but empirical evidence to quantify the responsible ecological processes is missing. Such evidence can be obtained from tree-ring data that quantify variability in a major vegetation productivity component: woody biomass growth. Here we compile a pantropical tree-ring network to show that annual woody biomass growth increases primarily with dry-season precipitation and decreases with dry-season maximum temperature. The strength of these dry-season climate responses varies among sites, as reflected in four robust and distinct climate response groups of tropical tree growth derived from clustering. Using cluster and regression analyses, we find that dry-season climate responses are amplified in regions that are drier, hotter and more climatically variable. These amplification patterns suggest that projected global warming will probably aggravate drought-induced declines in annual tropical vegetation productivity. Our study reveals a previously underappreciated role of dry-season climate variability in driving the dynamics of tropical vegetation productivity and consequently in influencing the land carbon sink.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15

Truth and academia in times of fake news, alternative facts and filter bubbles: A pragmatist notion of critique as mediation - Geiselhart, Klaus (The power of pragmatism: Knowledge production and social inquiry, 2020)
While scientists protest publicly against right-wing populists bending truths as if it were a self-evident public concern, humanists and social scientists are remarkably quiet. This is not surprising given the ascendancy of post-structural arguments about the politics of knowledge and the social construction of truth. This chapter explores the conundrum facing social scientists and argues that pragmatism can provide resources for finding a way forward. By formulating specific criteria by means of which theories and truths can be compared and evaluated, pragmatist epistemology positions the academic as a social advisor or mediator. Moreover, on the basis of pragmatic democratic theory, it can be argued that people, even if they take agonistic positions, are nevertheless capable of agreeing on productive ideas for the future. In this spirit, academic criticism should be understood not only as opposition but also as meditation. Rather than just opposing dominant thinking, it suggests that the academic has a duty to engage in a more positive vein, contributing to the decisions that are taken by mediatingbetween different positions and points of vie
Keywords: Critique; Pragmatism; Post-Truth; Mediation

Turning the spotlight on the crowd: examining participatory ethics and practices of crisis mapping - Michel, Boris; Turk, Catherine; Bittner, Christian (ACME : An International e-Journal for Critical Geographies, 2016)

Two new ring width chronologies of larch birch from Kamchatka peninsula (Russia) and their relationship to climate and volcanic activities - Solomina, Olga; Muraviev, Yaroslav D.; Bräuning, Achim; et al. (Cryospheric Studies in Kamchatka II, 1999)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.1999.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.twonew

Two Nothofagus Species in Southernmost South America Are Recording Divergent Climate Signals - Soto Rogel, Pamela; Carlos Aravena, Juan; Villalba, Ricardo; Bringas, Christian; Meier, Wolfgang; Gonzalez-Reyes, Alvaro; Grießinger, Jussi (Forests, 2022)
Recent climatic trends, such as warming temperatures, decrease in rainfall, and extreme weather events (e.g., heatwaves), are negatively affecting the performance of forests. In northern Patagonia, such conditions have caused tree growth reduction, crown dieback, and massive die-back events. However, studies looking at these consequences in the southernmost temperate forest (Nothofagus betuloides and Nothofagus pumilio) are much scarcer, especially in southernmost South America (SSA). These forests are also under the influence of the positive phase of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO, also known as Southern Annular Mode, SAM) that has been associated with increasing trends in temperature, drought, and extreme events in the last decades. This study evaluated the growth patterns and the climatic response of eight new tree-ring chronologies from Nothofagus species located at the upper treeline along different environmental gradients in three study areas: Punta Arenas, Yendegaia National Park, and Navarino Island in SSA. The main modes of the ring-width index (RWI) variation were studied using principal component analysis (PCA). We found that PC1 has the higher loadings for sites with precipitation values over 600 mm/yr, PC2 with N. betuloides sites, and PC3 with higher loadings for sites with precipitation values below 600 mm/yr. Our best growth-climate relationships are between N. betuloides and AAO and the most northeastern site of N. pumilio with relative humidity (which coincides with heatwaves and extreme drought). The climatic signals imprinted in the southernmost forests are sensitive to climatic variability, the climate forcing AAO, and the effects of climate change in the last decades.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-06-10

TWO RECONSTRUCTIONS OF AUGUST-JULY PRECIPITATION FOR CENTRAL NORTHERN ARIZONA FROM TREE RINGS - Fletcher, Tamara; Touchan, Ramzi; Lepley, Kai; Rouini, Nesrine; Bloye, Robert; Tremarelli, Thomas S.; PEÑA, KELLY; Meko, David M. (Tree-Ring Research, 2019)
This study reports two multi-century regional reconstructions of annual precipitation based on Pinus ponderosa and P. edulis from four sites in central northern Arizona. It compares standard regional and time-nested methods to generate reconstructions from 1581-2016 C.E. and 1529-2016 C.E., respectively. The strongest climate relationship is a positive correlation between total ring width and 12-month total precipitation ending in July of the growth year. The chronologies account for 50% of the variance of observed annual precipitation in the regional model and 59%, 60%, and 47% and 35% in the nested models. The two reconstructions are highly correlated (Pearson's correlation r > 0.97, p < 0.001) demonstrating that the reconstructions are highly similar over the period common to both reconstructions, with the nested-model's advantage of extending the range of the reconstruction. The precipitation reconstructions are significantly correlated (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) with the North American Drought Atlas (NADA).
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-09-13

Ultsch, Oliver: 111 Orte in und um Coburg, die man gesehen haben muss. Köln 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Umland bleibt auch für Ältere attraktiv. Uni-Forschungsprojekt nimmt Wohnungsmarkt unter die Lupe - Glasze, Georg (2006)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.umland

Uncertainty Assessment of Ice Discharge Using GPR-Derived Ice Thickness from Gourdon Glacier, Antarctic Peninsula - Lippl, Stefan; Blindow, Norbert; Fürst, Johannes; Marinsek, Sebastiàn; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias (Geosciences, 2020)
Ice cliffs within a glacier represent a challenge for the continuity equations used in many glacier models by interrupting the validity of input parameters. In the case of Gourdon Glacier on James Ross Island, Antarctica, a ∼300–500 m" role="presentation">m high, almost vertical cliff, separates the outlet glacier from its main accumulation area on the plateau of the island. In 2017 and 2018 we conducted ice thickness measurements during two airborne ground penetrating radar campaigns in order to evaluate differences to older measurements from the 1990s. The observed differences are mostly smaller than the estimated error bars. In comparison to the in situ data, the published “consensus ice thickness estimate” strongly overestimates the ice thickness at the outlet. We analyse three different interpolation and ice thickness reconstruction methods. One approach additionally includes the mass input from the plateau. Differences between the interpolation methods have a minor impact on the ice discharge estimation if the used flux gates are in areas with a good coverage of in situ measurements. A much stronger influence was observed by uncertainties in the glacier velocities derived from remote sensing, especially in the direction of the velocity vector in proximity to the ice cliff. We conclude that the amount of in situ measurements should be increased for specific glacier types in order to detect biases in modeled ice thickness and ice discharge estimation
Keywords: James Ross Island; Antarctic Peninsula; ice thickness; ice discharge; Gourdon Glacier

Uncertainty in ecosystem mapping by remote sensing - Rocchini, Duccio; Foody, Giles M.; Nagendra, Harini; Ricotta, Carlo; Anand, Madhur; He, Kate S.; Amici, Valerio; Kleinschmit, Birgit; Förster, Michael; Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Feilhauer, Hannes; Ghisla, Anne; et al. (Computers & Geosciences, 2013)
The classification of remotely sensed images such as aerial photographs or satellite sensor images for deriving ecosystem-related maps (e.g., land cover, land use, vegetation, soil) is generally based on clustering of spatial entities within a spectral space. In most cases, Boolean logic is applied in order to map landscape patterns. One major concern is that this implies an ability to divide the gradual variability of the Earth's surface into a finite number of discrete non-overlapping classes, which are considered to be exhaustively defined and mutually exclusive. This type of approach is often inappropriate given the continuous nature of many ecosystem properties. Moreover, the standard data processing and image classification methods used will involve the loss of information as the continuous quantitative spectral information is degraded into a set of discrete classes. This leads to uncertainty in the products resulting from the use of remote sensing tools.It follows that any estimated ecosystem property has an associated error and/or uncertainty of unknown magnitude, and that the statistical quantification of uncertainty should be a core part of scientific research using remote sensing. In this paper we will review recent attempts to take explicitly into account uncertainty when mapping ecosystems. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Ecosystem complexity; Ecosystem mapping; Fuzzy sets; Geosciences; Remote sensing; Uncertainty

Uncovering "Community': Challenging an Elusive Concept in Development and Disaster Related Work - Titz, Alexandra; Cannon, Terry; Krüger, Fred (Societies, 2018)
In all areas of academic or practical work related to disaster risk, climate change and development more generally, community and its adjunct community-based have become the default terminology when referring to the local level or working with the people'. The terms are applied extensively to highlight what is believed to be a people-centred, participatory, or grassroot-level approach. Today, despite, or because of, its inherent ambiguity, community' tends to be used almost inflationarily. This paper aims to analyse the way the concept of community' has come into fashion, and to critically reflect on the problems that come with it. We are raising significant doubts about the usefulness of community' in development- and disaster-related work. Our approach is to first consider how community' has become popular in research and with humanitarian agencies and other organisations based on what can be considered a moral licence' that supposedly guarantees that the actions being taken are genuinely people-centred and ethically justified. We then explore several theoretical approaches to community', highlight the vast scope of different (and contested) views on what community' entails, and explain how community' is framing practical attempts to mitigate vulnerability and inequity. We demonstrate how these attempts are usually futile, and sometimes harmful, due to the blurriness of community' concepts and their inherent failure to address the root causes of vulnerability. From two antagonistic positions, we finally advocate more meaningful ways to acknowledge vulnerable people's views and needs appropriately.
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Understanding past, present, and future climate changes from East to West Africa - Gebrekirstos, Aster; Bräuning, Achim; Van Noordwijk, Meine; Mitlöhner, Ralph (Agricultural Innovations for Sustainable Development, 2011)
Tree rings and stable isotopes in tree rings provide evidence of past climate variability. Given the short instrumental climate records that exist in Africa, dendrochronology adds an essential longer-term perspective on climate change and variability and on the adaptation of agroforestry landscapes and forest ecosystems. Tree-ring analyses were conducted as part of three independently established international research collaborations with different partner institutes in Germany and Africa. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree rings of Sclerocarya birrea from the Sahel region (Burkina Faso) showed strong climatic signals. Tree-ring chronologies spanning more than 100 years are under development for Burkina Faso and Tanzania. The ongoing project in Munessa Forest, Ethiopia may result in chronologies of more than 350 years. Finally, the tree- ring series developed in the three projects will be combined to establish large-scale correlation patterns between tree growth and sea-surface temperatures in order to explore continent-wide climate teleconnections. In order to have representative data sets and draw continent-wide recommendations, however, there is a need to extend the study to other parts of Africa.
Keywords: Agroforestry; Carbon and oxygen isotopes; Climate proxies; Dendrochronology; Sahel region

Understanding the geographies of religion and secularity: on the potentials of a broader exchange between geography and the (post-)secularity debate. - Schmitt, Thomas; Glasze, Georg (Geographica Helvetica, 2018)
For a long time, the mainstream of social and cultural geography seems to have implicitly accepted that religion is becoming obsolete and is of little social significance. However, since the 1990s, religion has aroused new interest in the social sciences in general, and to some extent also in social and cultural geography. Against this backdrop, a controversial discussion has started in geography on the relevance of theories of secularisation and the notion of post-secularity, as well as on possible contributions to these debates. The paper introduces the interdisciplinary debate on revisions of theories of secularisation and the promotion of postsecular perspectives, referring, among others, to Jürgen Habermas, Peter Berger, José Casanova, and Talal Asad. In a second step, we argue that an understanding of post-secularity that focuses on the contingency and contextdependent delimitation of the secular and the religious promises to be fruitful for social and cultural geography and can help us to understand the geographies of religion and secularity.<br
Keywords: geography of religion; postsecularity; postsecularism; secularity; cultural geography

UNESCO as a Red Cross or as a notary of World Heritage? Structures, scale-related interactions and efficacy of UNESCO’s World Heritage regime - Schmitt, Thomas (2015)
The adoption of the World Heritage Convention by the UNESCO General Conference in 1972 marked the creation of an international regime for the protection of cultural and natural objects, sites and landscapes of outstanding universal value. Despite the vast number of academic publications relating to heritage – especially in Geography and related disciplines – there has to date been no independent analysis in the Anglophone literature on the World Heritage system using regime theory categories borrowed from International Relations. The paper attempts to close this gap by examining the World Heritage regime, its mechanisms and effects. In particular it systematizes the various effects of global regime authorities at World Heritage sites and landscapes, and interactions between global and local actors. This approach could also be significant for the discussion of glocalization phenomena.
Keywords: International regimes; World Heritage; UNESCO; glocalisation; Political Geography; Geographies of Heritage

Unexpected climate variability inferred from a 380-year tree-ring earlywood oxygen isotope record in the Karakoram, Northern Pakistan - Zhu, Haifeng; Huang, Ru; Asad, Fayaz; Liang, Eryuan; Bräuning, Achim; Zhang, Xuezhen; Dawadi, Binod; Man, Wenmin; Grießinger, Jussi (Climate Dynamics, 2021)
To provide a long-term context for understanding the “Karakoram Anomaly” in recent glacier studies, we originally aimed to develop an annually resolved multi-century winter–spring precipitation record using tree-ring earlywood cellulose δ18O (δ18OEW) of Pinus wallachina from the Karakoram, northern Pakistan. Out of expectation, winter (January–May) temperature rather than precipitation is found to be the dominant climate signal (r = 0.63, p < 0.01, 1955–2013) stored in the δ18OEW chronology. Precipitation signals mainly appear at high-frequency variations, but weaker than temperature signal. We reconstructed January–May temperature back to 1631 with an explained variance of 39.7 % during the calibration period of 1955–2013. The reconstruction reveals that the Little Ice Age (LIA) was 0.94 °C warmer during 1647–1746 than the twentieth century (1900–1999). These warmer conditions are additionally validated by ice-core δ18O data from the Kunlun Mountains of High Asia and the northern North America. The eastward Polar Vortex and enhanced mid-latitude Westerlies on the Euro-Asia continent may be a possible explanation of a spatial coherency of LIA temperature between the Karakoram and the northern North America. Although not the original aim of this study, we provide evidence that the attribution of anomalous behavior of Karakoram glaciers in a long-term context may be misled when using precipitation reconstructions derived from tree-ring oxygen isotope.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-02
Keywords: Karakoram; Little Ice Age; Oxygen isotopes; Tree‐rings; Winter‐spring temperature reconstruction

Ungewisse Werdungen - Henri Bergsons Philosophie der Dauer, die Praxis der Intuition und die Erkundung kreativer Mensch-Umwelt-Beziehungen - Winkler, Jan (Praxis und Ungewissheit - Zur Alltäglichkeit sozial-ökologischer Krisen., 2022)

Unheimliche Welten : Planeten, Monde und Kometen. Stuttgart 1987 - Hübner, Thomas (1987)

Unravelling climate change impacts from other anthropogenic influences in a subalpine lake: a multi-proxy sediment study from Oberer Soiernsee (Northern Alps, Germany) - Hofmann, Andrea M.; Kuefner, Wolfgang; Mayr, Christoph; Dubois, Nathalie; Geist, Juergen; Raeder, Uta (Hydrobiologia, 2021)
Mountain lakes are increasingly impacted by a series of both local and global disturbances. The present study reveals the eutrophication history of a remote subalpine lake (Oberer Soiernsee, Northern Alps, Germany), triggered by deforestation, alpine pasturing, hut construction, tourism and atmospheric deposition, and identifies the intertwined consequences of on-going global warming on the lake's ecosystem. The primary objective was to disentangle the various direct and indirect impacts of these multiple stressors via down-core analyses. Our multi-proxy approach included subfossil diatom assemblages, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and subfossil pigments from dated sediments. Shifts within the diatom assemblages were related to variations in trophic state, lake transparency, water temperature and thermal stratification. The organic carbon isotope (delta C-13(org)) records, the diatom valve density and the pigment concentrations documented the development of primary production and composition. Total nitrogen isotope values (delta N-15) are more likely to reflect the history of atmospheric nitrogen pollution than lake-internal processes, also mirrored by the decoupling of delta N-15 and delta C-13(org) trends. The composition of sedimentary pigments allowed a differentiation between planktonic and benthic primary production. Concordant trends of all indicators suggested that the lake ecosystem passed a climatic threshold promoted by local and long-distance atmospheric nutrient loadings.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-07-23

Unravelling the meaning of place and spatial mobility: analysing the everyday life-worlds of refugees in host societies by means of mobility mapping - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan; Kieslinger, Julia (Journal of Refugee Studies, 2021)
This article develops mobility mapping as a valuable space-related instrument to tackle the lack of attention to the meanings of places and everyday spatial mobility in the process of refugee settlement. Referring to two consecutive case studies carried out with asylum seekers and recognized refugees in rural Germany, we discuss the surplus of this tool considering both peculiarities in implementation and the opportunities of analysis of respondent-generated maps. Experiences from this trial research point out ways of implementing a tool that focuses on the graphic and visual dimension of knowledge creation. Relying on principles of participatory research, this tool can help to diminish power asymmetries between the researcher and the participant and acknowledge individuals’ competencies in terms of language. Depending on the aim of the study, the empirical data generated can be analysed both as a product and as a process. Results indicate added value by revealing the importance of spatial dimensions in asylum seekers’ and refugees’ life-worlds, encompassing the construction of individually important places as well as spatial mobility and accessibility. For practitioners, the implementation of the tool provides an opportunity to enhance participant-oriented planning and capacity building, such as in terms of networks and infrastructures, that addresses both individuals’ needs and spatial structures.<br
Keywords: Mobility; access; exclusion; everyday life; rural areas; participatory research

Unruheherd Mittelamerika - Naturrisiken, Umweltprobleme und Vulnerabilität - Richter, Michael; Adler, Stephan (Geographische Rundschau, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.unruhe

Unser Kosmos : eine Reise durch das Weltall. München 1982 - Hübner, Thomas (1984)

Unser Sternenhimmel rund ums Jahr : Astronomie im Bild. Niedernhausen/Ts. 1987 - Hübner, Thomas (1988)

Unser wunderbarer Planet : Aussenansichten der Erde / Payson R. Stevens ; Kevin W. Kelley. Stuttgart 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1993)

(Un-)Sicherheit und städtische Räume - Glasze, Georg (Geographie: Physische Geographie und Humangeographie, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.unsich

Unterschiedliche ,Blicke‘ auf ,Problemgebiete‘ in Frankreich: Von stadtpolitischem Handeln und Rap als Ausdrucksform der banlieue-Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner - Weber, Florian; Tijé-Dra, Andreas (Tagungsband zum 15. bayerischen Schulgeographentag, 2012)

Unterschiedliches Reagieren von Baumarten auf Klimasituationen - Bräuning, Achim (Historische Gärten im Klimawandel. Empfehlungen zur Bewahrung., 2014)

Untersuchungen zur Ernährung und Düngung von Weihnachtsbaum- und Schmuckreisigbeständen in einem Praxisbetrieb - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Allgemeine Forstzeitschrift für Waldwirtschaft und Umweltvorsorge, 1994)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1994.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.unters

Untersuchungen zur Klimavariabilität auf dem Tibetischen Plateau - Ein Beitrag auf der Basis stabiler Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoffisotopen in Jahrringen von Bäumen waldgrenznaher Standorte. - Grießinger, Jussi (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2016-07-26:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.unters

Untersuchungen zur Stoffdynamik zweier bewaldeter Kleineinzugsgebiete im Flysch - Auswirkungen eines geregelten forstlichen Eingriffs - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Forstwirtschaftliches Centralblatt, 1995)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1995.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.unters

Untersuchungen zur Verwendung digitaler und analoger Karten im Erdkundeunterricht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Raumorientierung - Vetter, Mark; Barnikel, Friedrich; Pingold, Markus; Plötz, Robert (Räumliche Orientierung: räumliche Orientierung, Karten und Geoinformation im Unterricht, 2012)

Unterwegs auf der Milchstrasse : die Erkundung unserer Galaxis. Stuttgart 1993 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

Unterwegs in Bayern : das große Reisebuch / Norbert Lewandowski u.a. München 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Unusual recent prolonged low flow in the Moqu River, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, inferred from tree-ring width variations - Li, Jinjian; Bräuning, Achim; Zheng, Zeyu; Jin, Liya; Sun, Shanlei; Wu, Xiaofei; Yang, Kaiqing (Catena, 2023)
The runoff of Moqu river in Zoige, one of most important water conservation ecological function areas in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, located in the north-east of the Tibetan Plateau, is highly sensitive to climate change. However, the current understanding of the long-term changes in the hydrology of this rives is still fragmentary. In this study, we created a regional tree-ring width chronology from two sample sites in Moqu River Basin and analysed the relationships between tree-ring width, climate, and runoff. We found significant positive correlations between tree-ring width and runoff in multiple months, the highest correlation coefficient occurred with annual runoff from previous July to current June (r = 0.617, 1981–2013). Based on this highly significant (p < 0.01) relationship, we reconstructed runoff variations of Moqu River for the period 1672 to 2019. The reconstructed runoff showed unusual prolonged and frequent low flow periods in recent decades. We found that the continuous low precipitation and the high temperature in the context of global warming are the main reasons for the abnormal runoff in recent decades. We assume that a weakening of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation system may be the key large-scale factor that caused the unusually prolonged low flow. With global warming, the weakening of ISM intensity leads to reduced water vapor transport from the tropical Indian Ocean to High Asia, resulting in less precipitation and low runoff events in Zoige. Our reconstruction improves the understanding of regional runoff variability over multiple timescales, and also provides a scientific basis for the protection, development, and utilization of water resources related to ongoing global warming.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-04-28
Keywords: Climate change; Runoff; Tibetan plateau; Tree-ring width

Urbanisation reshapes gendered engagement in land-based livelihood activities in mid-sized African towns - Shackleton, C. M.; Drescher, Axel; Schlesinger, J. (World Development, 2020)
Most sub-Saharan African countries are experiencing accelerating rates of urban migration, which bring with it many opportunities and challenges for migrating households, urban planners, governments and local and national economies. At the household level urbanisation may drive changes in the allocation of household labour and consequently social and economic relations. Yet how these are manifest in land-based livelihood strategies of arable cropping, livestock husbandry and the collection of wild products in urban settings has rarely been considered. Here we examine the changing participation rates in land-based livelihood activities by male- and female-headed households along the rural–urban continua of six sub-Saharan African secondary towns. To capture the gendered changes in land-based livelihood strategies along the urban–rural continuum, 1156 randomly selected households were sampled along transects radiating out from the urban through the periurban to rural surrounds. Participation in different land-based livelihood strategies was recorded by means of a questionnaire. We show that engagement in one or more land-based livelihood activities is widespread (92% of all households), even amongst urban households (82%). We also show that there are marked changes in gendered participation for many land-based activities along the urbanisation gradient, with a general narrowing of differences in participation rates between male- and female-headed households with increasing urbanisation. These results indicate that land-based activities are components of not only rural livelihoods in Africa, but are also practiced by most urban households too, and that urbanisation reshapes some of the gendered dimensions of roles more typical of rural contexts.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-03-17
Keywords: Gender; Land; Livelihoods; Livestock; Urban agriculture; Wild resources (NTFPs)

USA Regional: Der Mittlere Westen - Dynamische Veränderungen im Herzen der USA - Fuchs, Stephan; Gerhard, Ulrike; Krüger, Fred; Titz, Alexandra (Geographische Rundschau, 2015)

USA regional: Mythos und Alltagskultur – der Mittlere Westen - Krüger, Fred; Titz, Alexandra (Kulturgeographie der USA - Eine Nation begreifen, 2017)
Bereits in der unscharfen Bezeichnung „Mittlerer Westen“ kommen die zumeist eher diffusen und räumlich schwer abgrenzbaren Vorstellungen vom großen Zentralraum der Vereinigten Staaten zum Ausdruck. Zwei unterschiedliche Leiterzählungen werden mit diesem Großraum häufig verknüpft: zum einen die Idee des amerikanischen „Heartland“ als Wiege einer von erfolgreicher Agrarkolonisation und Industrialisierung geprägten, kleinbürgerlichen US-amerikanischen Alltagskultur, zum anderen die stark mit mystifizierenden Vorstellungen aufgeladenen Assoziationen der „Frontier“ und des „Wilden Westens“, der von den Great Plains bis über den Mittleren Westen hinaus in die Bergwelten der Rocky Mountains in Wyoming und Montana ausgreift und ebenfalls Bilder des „typisch Amerikanischen“ erzeugt. Beide Meta-Erzählungen produzieren zwar gegenläufige, jedoch gleichermaßen romantisierende, stereotype Vorstellungswelten eines beschaulichen, gutbürgerlichen und fleißigen, im Herzland verorteten Amerika einerseits und einer rauen, von Freiheit, Selbstbehauptung, der Zähmung der Wildnis und der endlosen Weite der Prärie geprägten Lebenswelt andererseits. Geographisch verorten lassen sich diese Fiktionen in erster Linie in den südlichen und westlichen Teilen des Gebiets der Großen Seen (Great Lakes) und in den westlich anschließenden Great Plains. Genau dort finden sich aber auch die realen Gegenbilder dieser Erzählungen: die stark disparaten räumlichen und ökonomischen Entwicklungen in den Teilregionen des Mittleren Westens (Middle West oder Midwest) und die damit einhergehenden dynamischen Veränderungen der Lebenswelte

Useful plants and weeds occurring in Shuar, Saraguro, and Mestizo communities. Checklist Reserva Biológica San Francisco (Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe, S. Ecuador) - Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Veintimilla, Darío (Ecotropical Monographs, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.useful

Using distributions and stable isotopes of n-alkanes to disentangle organic matter contributions to sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina - Hockun, Katja; Mollenhauer, Gesine; Ho, Sze Ling; Hefter, Jens; Ohlendorf, Christian; Zolitschka, Bernd; Mayr, Christoph; Lücke, Andreas; Schefuß, Enno (Organic Geochemistry, 2016)

Using floristic gradient mapping to assess seasonal thaw depth in interior Alaska - Döpper, Veronika; Panda, Santosh; Waigl, Christine; Braun, Matthias; Feilhauer, Hannes (Applied Vegetation Science, 2021)
Questions: Is it possible to map floristic gradients in heterogeneous boreal vegetation by using remote-sensing data? Does a continuous vegetation map enable the creation of a spatially continuous map of seasonal permafrost soil thaw depth?. Location: Bonanza Creek LTER, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Methods: Vegetation records are subjected to an ordination to extract the predominant floristic gradient. The ordination scores are then extrapolated using Sentinel 2 imagery and a digital elevation model (DEM). As the relation between vegetation pattern and seasonal thaw depth was confirmed in this study, the spatial distribution of ordination scores is then used to predict seasonal thaw depth over the same area. Results: The first dimension of the ordination space separates species corresponding to moist and cold soil conditions from species associated with well-drained soils. This floristic gradient was successfully mapped within the sampled plant communities. The extrapolated thaw depths follow the typical distribution along a topographical and geomorphological gradient for this region. Besides vegetation information also DEM derivatives show high contributions to the thaw depth modeling. Conclusion: We demonstrate that floristic gradient mapping in boreal vegetation is possible. The accuracy of the thaw depth prediction model is comparable to that in previous analyses but uses a more parsimonious set of predictors, underlining the efficacy of this approach.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-09
Keywords: boreal vegetation; ordination; permafrost; predictive mapping; remote sensing; soil–vegetation interaction

Using surface velocities to calculate ice thickness and bed topography: A case study at Columbia Glacier, Alaska, USA - McNabb, R.W.; Hock, Regine; O'Neel, Shad; Rasmussen, L.A.; Ahn, Y.; Braun, Matthias; Conway, H.; Herreid, Sam; Joughin, Ian; Pfeffer, W.T.; Smith, B.E.; Truffer, Martin (Journal of Glaciology, 2012)

Valanghe da Slittamento. L’influenza di alcuni parametri meteorologici sulle valanghe da slittamento. - Dreier, Lisa; Mitterer, Christoph; Harvey, Stephan; Feick, Sebastian (Neve e Valanghe, 2014)
Keywords: snow gliding; weather influence; glide-snow avalanche; multivariate statistic

Validation of a coupled delta H-2(n-alkane)-delta O-18(sugar) paleohygrometer approach based on a climate chamber experiment - Hepp, Johannes; Mayr, Christoph; Rozanski, Kazimierz; Schaefer, Imke Kathrin; Tuthorn, Mario; Glaser, Bruno; Juchelka, Dieter; Stichler, Willibald; Zech, Roland; Zech, Michael (Biogeosciences, 2021)
The hydrogen isotope composition of leaf-wax-derived biomarkers, e.g., long-chain n-alkanes (delta H-2(n-alkane)), is widely applied in paleoclimate. However, a direct reconstruction of the isotope composition of source water based on delta H-2(n-alkane) alone is challenging due to the enrichment of heavy isotopes during evaporation. The coupling of delta H-2(n-alkane) with delta O-18 of hemicellulose-derived sugars (delta O-18(sugar)) has the potential to disentangle this limitation and additionally to allow relative humidity reconstructions. Here, we present delta H-2(n-alkane) as well as delta O-18(sugar) results obtained from leaves of Eucalyptus globulus, Vicia faba, and Brassica oleracea, which grew under controlled conditions. We addressed the questions of (i) whether delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) values allow reconstructions of leaf water isotope composition, (ii) how accurately the reconstructed leaf water isotope composition enables relative humidity (RH) reconstruction, and (iii) whether the coupling of delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) enables a robust source water calculation. For all investigated species, the n-alkane n-C-29 was most abundant and therefore used for compound-specific delta H-2 measurements. For Vicia faba, additionally the delta H-2 values of n-C-31 could be evaluated robustly. Regarding hemicellulose-derived monosaccharides, arabinose and xylose were most abundant, and their delta O-18 values were therefore used to calculate weighted mean leaf delta O-18(sugar) values.Both delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) yielded significant correlations with delta H-2(leaf water) and delta O-18(leaf water), respectively (r(2)=0.45 and 0.85, respectively; p<0.001, n=24). Mean fractionation factors between biomarkers and leaf water were found to be -156 parts per thousand (ranging from -133 parts per thousand to -192 parts per thousand) for epsilon(n-alkane/leaf water) and +27.3 parts per thousand (ranging from +23.0 parts per thousand to 32.3 parts per thousand) for epsilon(sugar/leaf water), respectively. Modeled RHair values from a Craig-Gordon model using measured Tair, delta 2Hleaf water and delta 18Oleaf water as input correlate highly significantly with modeled RHair values (R2=0.84, p<0.001, RMSE = 6 %). When coupling delta H-2(n-alkane) and delta O-18(sugar) values, the correlation of modeled RHair values with measured RHair values is weaker but still highly significant, with R-2=0.54 (p<0.001, RMSE = 10 %). Finally, the reconstructed source water isotope composition (delta H-2(s) and delta O-18(s)) as calculated from our coupled approach matches the source water in the climate chamber experiment (delta H-2(tank water) and delta O-18(tank water)). This highlights the great potential of the coupled delta H-2(n-alkane)-delta O-18(sugar) paleohygrometer approach for paleoclimate and relative humidity reconstructions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-10-15

Variability of summer humidity during the past 800 years on the eastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from δ18O of tree-ring cellulose - Wernicke, Jakob; Grießinger, Jussi; Hochreuther, Philipp; Bräuning, Achim (Climate of the Past, 2015)

Variability of summer humidity during the past 800 years on the eastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from δ18O of tree-ring cellulose - Wernicke, Jakob; Grießinger, Jussi; Hochreuther, Philipp; Bräuning, Achim (Climate of the Past, 2015)
We present an 800-year δ18O chronology from the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The chronology dates back to AD 1193 and was sampled in AD 1996 from living Juniperus tibetica trees. This first long-term tree-ring-based δ18O chronology for eastern Tibet provides a reliable archive for hydroclimatic reconstructions. Highly significant correlations were obtained with hydroclimatic variables (relative humidity, vapour pressure, and precipitation) during the summer season. We applied a linear transfer model to reconstruct summer season relative humidity variations over the past 800 years. More moist conditions prevailed during the termination of the Medieval Warm Period while a systematic shift during the Little Ice Age is not detectable. A distinct trend towards more dry conditions since the 1870s is apparent. The moisture decline weakened around the 1950s but still shows a negative trend. The mid-19th century humidity decrease is in good accordance with several multiproxy hydroclimate reconstructions for south Tibet. However, the pronounced summer relative humidity decline is stronger on the central and eastern TP. Furthermore, the relative humidity at our study site is significantly linked to the relative humidity at large parts of the TP. Therefore, we deduce that the reconstructed relative humidity is mostly controlled by local and mesoscale climatic drivers, although significant connections to the higher troposphere of west-central Asia were observed.
Keywords: Climate variability; Oxygen isotopes; Tibetan plateau; Relative humidity

Variability of the climatic mass balance of Vestfonna ice cap, northeastern Svalbard, 1979-2011 - Moeler, Marco; Finkelnburg, Roman; Braun, Matthias; Scherer, Dieter; Schneider, Christoph (Annals of Glaciology, 2013)

Variability of the climatic mass balance of Vestfonna ice cap (northeastern Svalbard) in the period 1979/1980 – 2010/2011 - Möller, Marco; Finkelnburg, Roman; Braun, Matthias; Scherer, Dieter; Schneider, Christoph (Annals of Glaciology, 2013)

Vascular plant diversity in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems in the Andes of Southern Ecuador - Peters, Thorsten; Diertl, Karl-Heinz; Adams, Julia; Rankl, Melanie; Richter, Michael (Mountain Research and Development, 2010)
The Andes of Ecuador are one of the world's hotspots of vascular plants. These hotspot characteristics apply particularly to the divergence zone of the study site situated in the Cordillera Real near the Estacin Cientfica San Francisco (ECSF) in the northernmost part of Podocarpus National Park (3°58′S; 79°04′W). Here, family and species numbers vary considerably between primary mountain forest stands and anthropogenic sites at similar altitudes. The highest family as well as species numbers (95 and 491, respectively, at 2000-2100 m; 68 and 296 at 2400-2500 m, with sample areas of 400 m2 each) document the extraordinarily high plant diversity of primary mountain forest stands. Comparatively, on anthropogenic sites, the analogous numbers are much smaller, with only 64 families/186 species at the lower altitudinal level and 54 families/155 species at the higher altitudinal level. © 2010 International Mountain Society.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.vascul
Keywords: Andes; anthropogenic ecosystems; Ecuador; mountain forest ecosystems; plant diversity; vegetation

Vascular plant diversity of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems in the Andes of Southern Ecuador – Studies from the Rio San Francisco Valley - Peters, Thorsten; Diertl, Karl-Heinz; Adams, Julia; Richter, Michael (Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie, 2011)

Vegetation Ecology of Debris-Covered Glaciers (DCGs)-Site Conditions, Vegetation Patterns and Implications for DCGs Serving as Quaternary Cold- and Warm-Stage Plant Refugia - Fickert, Thomas; Friend, Donald; Molnia, Bruce; Grueninger, Friederike; Richter, Michael (Diversity, 2022)
Scientific interest in debris-covered glaciers (DCGs) significantly increased during the last two decades, primarily from an abiotic perspective, but also regarding their distinctive ecology. An increasing body of evidence shows that, given a minimum of debris thickness and sufficient substrate stability, DCGs host surprisingly diverse plant assemblages, both floristically and structurally, despite being obviously cold and in parts also highly mobile habitats. As a function of site conditions, floristic composition and vegetation structure, DCGs represent a mosaic of environments, including subnival pioneer communities, glacier foreland early- to late-successional stages, morainal locations, and locally, even forest sites. On shallow supraglacial debris layers, cryophilous alpine/subnival taxa can grow considerably below their common elevational niche due to the cooler temperatures within the root horizon caused by the underlying ice. In contrast, a greater debris thickness allows even thermophilous plant species of lower elevations to grow on glacier surfaces. Employing the principle of uniformitarianism, DCGs are assumed to have been important and previously undocumented refugia for plants during repeated Quaternary cold and warm cycles. This review and recent study summarize the current knowledge on the vegetation ecology of DCGs and evaluates their potential function as plant habitat under ongoing climate warming.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-04-01

Vegetation structures and ecological features of the upper timberline ecotone along the Neotropical Andes - Peters, Thorsten (Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Tropenökologie, 2012)

Vegetation Structures and Ecological Features of the Upper Timberline Ecotone. - Richter, Michael; Diertl, Karl-Heinz; Peters, Thorsten; Bussmann, Rainer (Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.vegeta

Vegetation structures and ecological features of the upper timberline ecotone within the Andean Depression - Peters, Thorsten (DFG Statussymposium, 2010)

Veränderungen der gemäßigten und hohen Breiten Europas während der Nacheiszeit - Bräuning, Achim (Geographische Rundschau, 2011)

Veränderungen der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Bayern seit 1999. Spielt der Klimawandel eine Rolle? - Kieslinger, Julia; Brönner, Maximilian; Austermühl, Carina; Pohle, Perdita (Herausforderungen des Klimawandels in Bayern., 2021)
Vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels als potenzieller Einflussfaktor diskutiert der vorliegende Artikel Veränderungen in der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Bayern seit 1999. Mit Hilfe einer raum-zeitlichen Sekundärdatenanalyse wird ein Überblick über Flächenentwicklungen und Erntedynamiken gegeben. Neben der Abnahme der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche insgesamt, wurde bei den Dauergrünlandflächen ein bayernweiter Rückgang und bei den Ackerflächen eine Abnahme in den nördlichen/östlichen sowie eine Zunahme in den südlichen/westlichen Landkreisen deutlich. Eine Flächenzunahme ist bei Weizen, Silomais und Körnermais zu verbuchen. Die Ernteerträge lagen im Jahr 2019 bei allen Kulturpflanzen, abgesehen von Kartoffeln und Silomais, höher als im Jahr 1999. Ertragseinbußen wurden besonders in den Jahren 2003, 2013, 2015 und 2018 deutlich, die von Niederschlagsmangel, Trockenheit, überdurchschnittlich hohen Temperaturen und vielen Hitzetagen in den Sommermonaten geprägt waren. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Klimawandel und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Bayern ergibt sich vor allem indirekt über klimapolitische Maßnahmen (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) und deren Folgen in den Flächenentwicklungen (Zunahme Maisanbau). Außerdem korrelieren die Ertragseinbrüche im Ackerbau mit den in den vergangenen zehn Jahren gehäuft aufgetretenen Witterungsextremen. In der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion werden Anpassungsmaßnahmen im Umgang mit Klimafolgen und Extremwetterereignissen zunehmend wichtiger.<br
Keywords: Bayern; Klimawandel; Witterungsextreme; landwirtschaftliche Nutzung; Flächenentwicklungen; Erntedynamiken

Verborgenes Nürnberg : Geheimnisvolles und Überraschendes aus Geschichte und Gegenwart. Würzburg 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Verfahren der lexikometrisch-compterlinguistischen Analyse von Textkorpora. - Dammann, Finn; Glasze, Georg; Dzudzek, Iris; Mattissek, Annika; Schirmel, Henning (Handbuch für Diskurs und Raum. Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Raumforschung, 2021)

Verfahren der lexikometrischen Analyse von Textkorpora - Dzudzek, Iris; Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika; Schirmel, Henning (Handbuch Diskurs und Raum. Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Raumforschung, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.verfah

Vessel characterization and ring-width of a multipurpose agroforestry tree species (Garcinia kola.(Heckel)) and its relationship with climate in Nigeria - Agwu, Onyebuchi Patrick; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Ogana, Friday N.; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2023)
Key message: Radial growth and wood anatomical variables of G. kola have a direct relationship with climate. Rainforest regions are more suitable and could be recommended for stakeholders for conservation action plans. Abstract: Tropical agroforestry species are characterized by irregular growth and fruiting pattern, this is because of seasonal differences in the region and unanticipated environmental changes. Tree-ring width features and vessel variables could have a direct relationship with environmental conditions and factors such as precipitation and temperature could impact the growth of the species. This is because, during stressful environmental conditions, tree species record environmental changes through their physiological adjustment. Therefore, wood anatomical and tree-ring width time series was developed for Garcinia kola, a multipurpose tropical species, from a humid forest zone and derived savannah, along two vegetation zones in Nigeria. The species forms rings characterized by marginal parenchyma. The mean tree-ring width (TRW) ranges from 2.63 and 2.30 mm in the humid forest zone and derived savannah, respectively while the vessel number (VN) and vessel density (VD) are 95, 93, and 9.46, and 10.28 N/mm2 respectively. The results revealed that the radial growth of G. kola showed a positive relationship with the precipitation and the minimum temperature during the peak of the rainy season in derived savannah areas. The VN, RW, and TVA show a significant relationship with the mean annual maximum temperature in the Rainforest and derived savannah area. The vessels are more abundant in samples from the rainforest area than in the derived savannah area, the results revealed that the wood anatomical variables and TRW were sensitive to climatic variables. Hence, they could be good indicators for evaluating tropical tree responses to environmental changes in tropical agroforestry species.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-15
Keywords: G. kola; Ring width; Tropical dendrochronology; Vessel anatomical features

Via Imperii : Jakobsweg Leipzig - Hof - Nürnberg. Schwarzach 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

Vielfalt von Zuwanderung in ländlichen Räumen - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Geographische Rundschau, 2021)
Depopulation and ageing are considered as predominant representations of rural areas in Germany. Another trend, however, often remains hidden, i. e. that rural areas are also characterised by immigration. What is striking here is that the share of the foreign population in the countryside in particular has increased strongly since 2014. Alongside the immigration of forced migrants seeking asylum, various forms of labour migration, lifestyle migration and the return migration of people can be detected. The article presents the different processes in a regionally differentiated manner, and outlines implications in various spheres.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-07-02

Vielfalt von Zuwanderung in ländlichen Räumen - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Geographische Rundschau, 2021)
Abwanderung und Alterung kennzeichnen die vorherrschende Vorstellung von ländlichen Räumen. Dagegen bleibt ein weiterer aktueller Trend oftmals verborgen: Ländliche Räume sind auch durch Zuwanderung gekennzeichnet. Auffällig hierbei ist, dass insbesondere der Anteil der ausländischen Bevölkerung auf dem Land seit 2014 stark zunimmt. Neben der Zuwanderung Schutzsuchender sind zudem vielfältige Formen der Erwerbsmigration, Lifestyle-Migration sowie die Rückwanderung von Personen charakteristisch. Im Folgenden werden diese Prozesse regional differenziert diskutiert und Auswirkungen in verschiedenen Bereichen skizziert.

Vielperspektivität und Teilnehmerzentrierung - Richtungsweiser der Exkursionsdidaktik - Glasze, Georg; Dickel, Mirka (LIT-Verlag, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.vielpe_1

Vogel, Michael: Ansbach : Stadt der Markgrafen und des fränkischen Rokoko. Regensburg 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Volcanic soils and non-volcanic andic soils - Bäumler, Rupert; Uehara, G (Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2023)
The chapter informs about the formation and the variety of soils from volcanic parent materials, their pathways of weathering, their processes of soil formation, and their most important properties. A special focus is given on the classification of soils of the Andosol/Andisol type developed from non-volcanic parent materials, as their formation is not yet fully understood.<br
Keywords: Alu-andic; Andic properties; Andisols; Andosols; Ferro-andic; Human interactions; Non-volcanic Andosols; Non-allophanic; Spodic properties; Volcanic soils

Volk, Michael (Hrsg.): Franken. München 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Volume estimation models for avocado fruit - Mokria, Mulugeta; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Said, Hadia; Hadgu, Kiros; Hagazi, Niguse; Dubale, Workneh; Bräuning, Achim (PLoS ONE, 2022)
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important horticultural crop and proved to be a very profitable commercial crop for both local consumption and export. The physical characteristics of fruits are an important factor to determine the quality of fruit produced. On the other hand, estimation of fruit volume is time-consuming and impractical under field conditions. Thus, this study was conducted to devise cultivar-specific and generalized allometric models to analytically and non-destructively determine avocado fruit volume of five wildly distributed avocado cultivars. A significant relationship (P ≤ 0.01) was found between fruit diameter, length, and volume of each cultivar. Our best models (VM2 -for cultivar specific, and VM7-generalized model) has passed all the rigorous cross-validation and performance statistics tests and explained 94%, 92%, 87%, 93%, 94% and 93% of the variations in fruit volume of Ettinger, Fuerte, Hass, Nabal, Reed, and Multiple cultivars, respectively. Our finding revealed that in situations where measurements of volume would be inconvenient, or time-consuming, a reliable volume and yield estimation can be obtained using site- and cultivar-specific allometric equations. Allometric models could also play a significant role in improving data availability on avocado fruit physical appearance which is critical to assess the quality and taste of fresh products influencing the purchase decision of customers. Moreover, such information can also be used as a ripeness index to predict optimum harvest time important for planned marketing. More importantly, the models might assist horticulturists, agronomists, and physiologists to conduct further study on avocado production and productivity through agroforestry landuse system across Ethiopia. Copyright:
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-02-11

Volunteer First Responders for Optimizing Management of Mass Casualty Incidents. - Yafe, Eli; Walker, Blake; Amram, Ofer; Schuurman, Nadine; Randall, Ellen; Friger, Michael; Adini, Bruria (Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 2019)
OBJECTIVE: Rapid response to a trauma incident is vital for saving lives. However, in a mass casualty incident (MCI), there may not be enough resources (first responders and equipment) to adequately triage, prepare, and evacuate every injuredperson. To address this deficit, a Volunteer First Responder (VFR) program wasestablished. METHODS: This paper describes the organizational structure and roles ofthe VFR program, outlines the geographical distribution of volunteers, and evaluatesresponse times to 3 MCIs for both ambulance services and VFRs in 2000 and 2016.RESULTS: When mapped, the spatial distribution of VFRs and ambulance stationsclosely and deliberately reflects the population distribution of Israel. We foundthat VFRs were consistently first to arrive at the scene of an MCI and greatlyincreased the number of personnel available to assist with MCI management in urban,suburban, and rural settings. CONCLUSIONS: The VFR program provides an important andeffective life-saving resource to supplement emergency first response. Given theknown importance of rapid response to trauma, VFRs likely contribute to reducedtrauma mortality, although further research is needed in order to examine thisquestion specifically. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:287-294).

Vom Vertragsarbeiter zum Global Pinoy- über das Verhältnis von Migration, Nation und Staat in den Philippinen - Michel, Boris (Das Echo der Migration. Wie Auslandsmigration die Gesellschaften des globalen Südens verändert, 2010)

Vom Wissen über das Tun - praxeologische Ansätze für die Geographie von der Analyse bis zur Kritik - Geiselhart, Klaus; Winkler, Jan; Dünckmann, Florian (Handbuch Praktiken und Raum, 2019)
Dieser Beitrag identifiziert den Mehrwert praxeologischer Ansätze für die Geographie. Er skizziert zentrale Perspektiven und Theorieansätze der praxeologischen Debatte, wie sie sich in den Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften etabliert haben. Darüber hinaus diskutiert der Beitrag grundlegende Impulse und Perspektiven einer weitergreifenden Philosophie der Praxis und leitet daraus analytische, erkenntnistheoretische sowie wissenschafts- und gesellschaftspolitische Implikationen ab. Anhand einiger Beispiele werden wir zeigen, wie verschiedene Theorien in geographischen Arbeiten aufgegriffen wurden. Zusammenfassend werden wir Möglichkeiten einer praxeologisch inspirierten Neufassung »traditioneller« geographischer Orientierungen wie Empirienähe, Planungsaffinität und Regionalkompetenz diskutieren. Auch zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass sich mit einer praxistheoretischen Perspektive nicht nur die Forderung nach einer kritischen gesellschaftspolitischen Haltung erfüllen lässt, sondern dass sich unterschiedliche Auffassungen von Kritik aus verschiedenen praxeologischen Zugängen hinsichtlich des Verhältnisses von Theorie und Praxis ergeben. Dementsprechend bietet dieser Beitrag auch eine detaillierte Diskussion der Frage, wie verschiedene kritische Theorieansätze ihren Bezug zur Praxis formuliere
Keywords: Praxistheorie; Kritik

Von der „globalen Informationsgesellschaft“ zum „Schengenraum für Daten“ – Raumkonzepte in der Regierung der „digitalen Transformation“ in Deutschland - Glasze, Georg; Dammann, Finn (Räume digitaler Kommunikation, 2021)
Ausgangspunkt des Beitrages ist die Beobachtung, dass in politischen Auseinandersetzungen mit der „digitalen Transformation“ in Deutschland seit den 2010er Jahren vermehrt das Schlagwort einer „digitalen Souveränität“ auftaucht. In diesem Kontext werden vielfach Konzepte von staatlicher Eigenständigkeit und territorialer Abgrenzung mit dem Themenfeld der digitalen Transformation verknüpft. Diese Verknüpfung muss verwundern, da bis vor wenigen Jahren die Verbreitung digitaler Techniken sowohl in der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung als auch in politischen Debatten überwiegend als Element und Antreiber von Vernetzung, Überwindung von Grenzen und Globalisierung gerahmt wurde – also nicht mit einer territorialen, sondern mit einer entgrenzt-globalen Räumlichkeit verknüpft wurde. Die Räumlichkeit gesellschaftlicher Prozesse wurde lange Zeit vielfach nur als gegebener Kontext betrachtet und wenig hinterfragt. Mit der Hinwendung zu konstruktivistischen Raumkonzepten in der Geographie seit den 1980er Jahren sowie seit Ende der 1990er Jahre mit der Debatte um einen spatial turn teilweise auch in den benachbarten Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften, rückten aber Fragen nach der semantischen sowie materiell-praktischen Herstellung von Räumen verstärkt ins Blickfeld der wissenschaftlichen Debatte. Die neuere Politische Geographie fragt dementsprechend danach, wie die Herstellung bestimmter Räume Baustein einer (Re-)Produktion spezifischer gesellschaftlicher Wirklichkeiten und in diesem Sinne politisch ist. Diese Forschungsfrage wendet der vorliegende Beitrag auf das Feld der digitalen Transformation an. Vor dem Hintergrund der „Verwunderung“ über die Forderungen nach territorialer Schließung in den Debatten einer digitalen Souveränität untersuchen wir, welche Räumlichkeiten in den politischen Diskursen im weiten Themenfeld der Digitalisierung seit den 1990er Jahren entworfen wurden, und wie diese Räumlichkeiten vor dem Hintergrund spezifischer Problematisierungen der digitalen Transformation zu Bestandteilen politischer Programme und Techniken wurden und aktuell werden
Keywords: Digitale Souveränität; Politische Geographie; Digitale Transformation; Netzpolitik; Territorialisierung

Von der Trümmerstadt zur Frankenmetropole : Nürnberg von 1945 bis heute / hrsg. von Ingeborg Höverkamp. München 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Von Mercator zur virtuellen Welt. Kritische Kartographie. - Glasze, Georg; Mose, Jörg (Geographie. Physische Geographie und Humangeographie, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.kritis

Vor dem Anfang : eine Geschichte des Universums. Frankfurt am Main 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1998)

Vornholt, Holger: Altmühltal, Frankenhöhe, Fränkisches Seenland : Erlebnisführer. Köln 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Vulkane, Schluchten, Höhlen : geologische Naturwunder in Deutschland / Manuel Lauterbach ; Christine Kumerics. Darmstadt 2014 - Hübner, Thomas (2014)

Waldschutz durch Zahlungen für Ökosystemleistungen? Eindrücke aus dem ecuadorianischen Amazonas - Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2020)
Die Honorierung von Ökosystemleistungen (Payments for Ecosystem Services PES) ist ein vielverspre-chendes aber auch oft kritisiertes Instrument im Kampf gegen die Zerstörung der tropischen Wälder und den Klimawandel. In Ecuador, eines der biodiversitätsreichsten Länder der Welt, wird seit 2008 Socio Bosque (SB) angewendet. Es handelt sich um ein PES-Programm für den Schutz der Wälder, in dem die individuellen und kommunalen Waldeigentümer freiwillig teilnehmen können. Diese Arbeit untersucht anhand qualitativer Interviews in den Amazonas-Provinzen von Zamora-Chinchipe und Pastaza die Mo-tivation und die Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmer mit diesem Programm. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass SB ein hochgeschätztes Programm ist und dass es zum Schutz der Wälder beiträgt, zumindest in Gebieten, in denen andere gewinnbringende Aktivitäten kaum möglich sind. Darüber hinaus scheint SB eine wichtige Unterstützung gegen Armut zu sein und verstärkt die Institutionen der indigenen Völker. Gleichzeitig erhöht SB die Abhängigkeit der kleinen, isolierten indigenen Gemeinden von ihren Vertretern und der Arbeit der NGOs. Die Kriterien, mit denen das Umweltministerium die Anträge genehmigt, müssten in Anbetracht der mangelnden finanziellen Mittel überarbeitet werden. Eine Novellierung des Programms sollte mit der Ein-wirkung der Waldbesitzer durchgeführt werd

Walking Interview - Elrick, Tim (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2014)

Walter, Ulrich: Reiseziel Weltraum : der ultimative Guide zu den Sternen. München 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Wanderführer Altmühltal, südliche Frankenalb. Ostfildern 2001 - Hübner, Thomas (2003)

Wandern in der Rhön : 35 Touren, exakte Karten, Höhenprofile. 2., aktualisierte und neu gestaltete Auflage. Ostfildern 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Wandern mit dem Kinderwagen - Nürnberg und Fränkische Schweiz : 50 Touren / Renate und Roman Linhard. München 2015 - Hübner, Thomas (2015)

Wanderungen im Altmühltal : Auswahlführer für die Regionen Ries, Jura und Fränkisches Seenland. München 2004 - Hübner, Thomas (2004)

Was heißt digitale Souveränität? Diskurse, Praktiken und Voraussetzungen »individueller« und »staatlicher Souveränität« im digitalen Zeitalter - Glasze, Georg; Odzuck, Eva; Staples, Ronald (transcript-verlag, 2022)
Die sozio-technischen Verhältnisse der digitalen Transformation fordern Vorstellungen des »souveränen Staates« und des »souveränen Subjekts« heraus. In den Debatten um die »digitale Souveränität« werden diese Herausforderungen problematisiert. »Souveränität« ist allerdings ein komplexes Konzept. Es wird Aufgabe der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften sein, im Dialog mit den Technikwissenschaften differenzierte Perspektiven auf »(digitale) Souveränität« herauszuarbeiten und damit Orientierungswissen für die gesellschaftliche Selbstverständigung im digitalen Zeitalter sowie die Gestaltung der digitalen Transformation zu entwickeln. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes stellen sich dieser Aufgabe und bieten Impulse aus den Perspektiven unterschiedlicher Disziplinen der Geistes-, Sozial- und Technikwissenschafte
Keywords: Digitale Souveränität; Staat; Subjekt; Digitalisierung; Digitale Transformation; Territorium; Jurisdiktion; Informationssicherheit; Urheberrecht; Digitale Ethik; Politik; Gesellschaft; Internet; Politische Theorie; Demokratie; Politics; Digitale Medien; Politikwissenschaft

Was sehe ich am Himmel? : Ein Begleiter durch den nördlichen und südlichen Sternenhimmel. Stuttgart 1988 - Hübner, Thomas (1987)

Was wir von Erfahrungen anderer Länder lernen können. Geflüchtete in ländlichen Räumen. - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (Flüchtlinge aufs Land?, 2016)
Geflüchtete in ländlichen Räumen stellen die Gesellschaft und insbesondere die Lokalbevölkerung vor Herausforderungen und bieten zugleich vielfältige Entwicklungschancen. Ergebnisse sozialwissenschaftlicher Studien beschreiben Erfahrungen aus (außer-)europäischen ländlichen Räumen und geben einen ersten Überblick über Vor- und Nachteile dezentraler Unterbringung im Allgemeinen, die Reaktionen von Lokalbevölkerung und Tourismusverbänden sowie Chancen zur Entwicklung der Region, die aus interkulturellen Begegnungen und regionalen Lernprozessen erwachsen und beleuchten schließlich die Erfahrungen, die Geflüchtete selbst in ländlichen Räumen gemacht haben.
Keywords: Flüchtlinge; Migration; ländliche Räume; Bayern; Integration; regionale Lernprozesse

Water in orthopyroxene from abyssal spinel peridotites of the East Pacific Rise (ODP Leg 147: Hess Deep) - Hesse, Kirsten; Gose, Jürgen; Stalder, Roland; Schmädicke, Esther (Lithos, 2015)
Keywords: Geothermometry; East Pacific Rise; Nominally anhydrous minerals; Infrared spectroscopy; Upper mantle; Orthopyroxene water content

Weathering of soils developed in the eolian material overlying glacial deposits in Eastern Nepal - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Soil Science, 1998)
We used the ratio between well crystallized Fe-oxides and total Fe (Fe(d-o)/Fe(t)) and weathering indices to study eight soils developed in eolian material overlying glacial deposits in Eastern Nepal with regard to intensity of soil development. Together with selected radiocarbon analyses and information on soil morphology, we tried to interpret the data in terms of relative and absolute age distinctions of the deposits. The results suggest no clear relationship between weathering intensity and morphostratigraphical development and the age of the geomorphic surface. We assume that this is attributable to different orographic conditions for sedimentation of the eolian dust at the study sites and to different degrees of pre-weathering of the eolian covers. However, we can show that formation of organic matter and soil development, in general, started around 2500-2800 years B.P. in the eolian cover of most soils studied. This indicates deposition of the bulk eolian sediments around 2800 years B.P. and earlier. Two soils have greater relative ages in the subsoil with respect to the weathering indices. In these soils, parts of the eolian sediments are of late glacial origin or even older. Distinct variation of soil development and weathering indices within a vertical distance of 200 m provided evidence of marginal ice.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1998.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.weathe
Keywords: Eolian sediments; Fe/Al fractionation; Nepal; Quaternary landscape; Soil weathering

WebGIS meets E-Learning. Werkzeuge für digital unterstützte geographische Exkursionen. - Kremer, Dominik (Bildung auf Distanz: (Medien-)Technologie, Politik und Lebenswelten in aktuellen Lernprozessen, 2022)
Im Kontext lebenslangen Lernens kommt selbstgesteuertem oder explorativem Lernen eine immer größere Bedeutung zu (z.B. Schmohl et al. 2019). E-Learning-Ansätze sind seit langem standardisiert und etabliert (z.B. Arnold et al. 2018), haben aber Schwächen bei der Präsentation von Geoinformation. Baukastensysteme für ortsbasierte Information und Quizzes (z.B. https://de.actionbound.com/) fokussieren dagegen auf Gamifizierung und nicht auf die zertifizierbare Vermittlung von Inhalten. Unser Ansatz verzahnt die einfache Konfigurierbarkeit von Geoinformation in einem WebGIS mit dem Content- und Rechtemanagement einer E-Learning-Plattform und illustriert an Projektbeispielen deren Einsetzbarkeit im (interkulturellen) Community-Building. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption und prototypische Umsetzung eines webkarten-basierten Assistenzsystems, mit dessen Hilfe geographische Exkursionen individuell oder in Kleingruppen vor Ort durchgeführt und dennoch im Nachgang gemeinsam analysiert werden können. Wesentliche Anforderungen sind ein adäquater Medieneinsatz, modulare Vermittlung der Inhalte am Standort und Möglichkeiten zur Reflexion. In einer Kurzevaluation äußerst positiv evaluiert wurde von den teilnehmenden Studierenden der Lehrveranstaltung die Möglichkeit, selbstständig aus konzeptionellen und konkreten empirischen Elementen ein digital angeleitetes Modul zu erarbeiten und in der wechselseitigen Anwendung gemeinsam zu reflektieren. Die Entwicklung stützt sich auf eine mehrjährige Projekterfahrung im Bereich von Systemen zur Präsentation ortsgebundener Inhalte.<br
Keywords: WebGIS; E-Learning; Excursion; Self-organised learning; intercultural understanding

Weinfranken : Ausflüge mit Genuss ; Wandern, Radeln, Einkehren. Frankfurt 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2011)

Weiter als Menschen fliegen können : das große Abenteuer der Raumfahrttechnik - voll von Dramatik, Gefahren und Triumphen. Bern 2000 - Hübner, Thomas (2001)