Böttner, Bastian: Die schönsten Bierkeller und Biergärten in Franken : 600 Empfehlungen – mit Bierfesten und Freizeittipps / Bastian Böttner & Markus Raupach. Nürnberg 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Branched GDGT-based temperature calibrations from Central European lakes - Bauersachs, Thorsten; Schubert, Carsten J.; Mayr, Christoph; Gilli, Adrian; Schwark, Lorenz (Science of the Total Environment, 2024)
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are common in lake sediments, where they are frequently employed to infer mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) or air temperatures of months above freezing (MAF) using the MBT'5Me lipid paleothermometer. The reliable reconstruction of such temperatures, however, requires robust calibration functions. Here, we investigated brGDGT distributions in surface sediments from 41 freshwater lakes located along an altitudinal gradient across the Alps (Central Europe) and spanning a MAAT range from 1.3 to 12.9 °C. Linear regression analysis demonstrates that fractional abundances of brGDGTs are strongly correlated with MAAT and MAF allowing to establish regional MBT'5Me-based transfer functions: MAAT (°C) = −2.19 + 31.91 × MBT'5Me (r2 = 0.72; RMSE = 1.51 °C) and MAF (°C) = 4.81 + 15.64 × MBT'5Me (r2 = 0.64, RMSE = 0.92 °C). Stepwise forward selection yielded the following, alternate temperature calibrations: MAAT (°C) = 7.11 + 67.66 × Ib – 13.54 × IIIa (r2 = 0.72; RMSE = 1.47 °C) and MAF (°C) = 5.19 + 16.22 × Ia (r2 = 0.66; RMSE = 0.98 °C). Our results demonstrate that the above calibration functions allow precise temperature reconstructions using lacustrine sediment records. However, our data also show that high-altitude lakes are more prone to warm bias and that lakes characterized by comparatively high abundances of 6-methyl brGDGTs show aberrant behaviors with temperature offsets up to ∼7 °C. Determining the IR6Me, as an independent control complementary to the MBT'5Me, is thus essential to validate the robustness of brGDGT-based temperature reconstructions of past climates. A cut-off value of 0.50 for the IR6Me is here proposed, after which MBT'5Me-reconstructed MAATs from lacustrine archives should be regarded as unreliable.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-10-27
Keywords: IR; Lakes; Lipid paleothermometer; MBT'; Seasonality; Temperature calibrations

Braun, Ralph-Raymond: Albanien : Ausflüge nach Montenegro, Kosovo und Nordmazedonien. Erlangen 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2019)

Braun, Ralph-Raymond: Irland. 10., komplett überarbeitete und aktualisierte Aufl. Erlangen 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Breitband und der ländliche Raum. In: Institut für Entwicklungsforschung im Ländlichen Raum Ober- und Mittelfrankens - Chilla, Tobias; Neufeld, Markus (Breitband im ländlichen Raum - angeschlossen oder abgehängt?, 2014)

Brief communication: Glacier thickness reconstruction on Mt. Kilimanjaro - Stadelmann, Catrin; Fürst, Johannes; Mölg, Thomas; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2020)
Glaciers on Kilimanjaro are unique indicators for climatic change in the tropical midtroposphere of Africa, but their disappearance seems imminent. A key unknown is their present ice thickness. Here, we present thickness maps for the Northern Ice Field (NIF) and Kersten Glacier (KG) with mean values of 26.6 and 9.3 m, respectively, in 2011. In absence of direct measurements on KG, multitemporal satellite information was exploited to infer past thickness values in areas that have become ice-free and therefore allow glacierspecific calibration. In these areas, KG is unrealistically thick in the existing consensus estimate of global glacier ice thickness.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-11-06

Brief communication: Increased glacier mass loss in the Russian High Arctic (2010-2017) - Sommer, Christian; Seehaus, Thorsten; Glazovsky, Andrey; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2022)
Glaciers in the Russian High Arctic have been subject to extensive atmospheric warming due to global climate change, yet their contribution to sea level rise has been relatively small over the past decades. Here we show surface elevation change measurements and geodetic mass balances of 93% of all glacierized areas of Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land using interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements taken between 2010 and 2017. We calculate an overall mass loss rate of -22 +/- 6 Gt a(-1), corresponding to a sea level rise contribution of 0:06 +/- 0:02 mm a(-1). Compared to measurements prior to 2010, mass loss of glaciers on the Russian archipelagos has doubled in recent years.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-01-14

Brightness-normalized Partial Least Squares Regression for hyperspectral data - Feilhauer, Hannes; Asner, Gregory P.; Martin, Roberta E.; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 2010)
Developed in the field of chemometrics, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) has become an established technique in vegetation remote sensing. PLSR was primarily designed for laboratory analysis of prepared material samples. Under field conditions in vegetation remote sensing, the performance of the technique may be negatively affected by differences in brightness due to amount and orientation of plant tissues in canopies or the observing conditions. To minimize these effects, we introduced brightness normalization to the PLSR approach and tested whether this modification improves the performance under changing canopy and observing conditions. This test was carried out using high-fidelity spectral data (400-2510. nm) to model observed leaf chemistry. The spectral data was combined with a canopy radiative transfer model to simulate effects of varying canopy structure and viewing geometry. Brightness normalization enhanced the performance of PLSR by dampening the effects of canopy shade, thus providing a significant improvement in predictions of leaf chemistry (up to 3.6% additional explained variance in validation) compared to conventional PLSR. Little improvement was made on effects due to variable leaf area index, while minor improvement (mostly not significant) was observed for effects of variable viewing geometry. In general, brightness normalization increased the stability of model fits and regression coefficients for all canopy scenarios. Brightness-normalized PLSR is thus a promising approach for application on airborne and space-based imaging spectrometer data. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Canopy chemistry; Imaging spectroscopy; PLS; Remote sensing; Subpixel shade; Vegetation

Broad-scale rather than fine-scale environmental variation drives body size in a wandering predator (Araneae, Lycosidae) - Hein, Nils; Pétillon, Julien; Pape, Roland; Feilhauer, Hannes; Vanselow, Kim; Löffler, Jörg (Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2019)
Body size is one of the most important individual traits, determining various other life-history traits, including fitness. Both evolutionary and ecological factors shape the body size in arthropods, but the relative contribution of abiotic drivers acting at different spatial scales has been little investigated. We aimed to identify the importance of two broad-scale variables (study region and elevation) in shaping body size of the free-running and locally abundant wolf spider Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus 1758), in contrast to the fine-scaled variable topographic position. Therefore, we set up transects along environmental gradients in the arctic-alpine ecosystems of Norway, which we analyzed using a random forest approach to identify the relative importance of topographic position, elevation, and study region on body size of P. palustris. Our approach revealed that research region was the best explanatory variable, followed by elevation and topographic position. Differences in body size were most likely a consequence of the pronounced differences in season length and the ability of P. palustris to avoid local unfavorable environmental conditions due to its high mobility.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-08-30
Keywords: Individual trait; Norway; Pardosa palustris; random forest; Wolf spider

Bruckner, Dietmar: 111 Orte in der Fränkischen Schweiz, die man gesehen haben muss / Dietmar Bruckner, Michaela Moritz. Komplett überarbeitete Neuausgabe. Köln 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Brüssel - Kaleidoskop der Maßstäbe - Chilla, Tobias (Geographische Rundschau, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.brssel

Burgen und Schlösser in Franken. Veitshöchheim 2014 - Hübner, Thomas (2015)

Burkhard, Heike: Glücksorte in Mittelfranken : fahr hin und werd glücklich. Düsseldorf 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Burkhard, Heike: Glücksorte in Unterfranken : fahr hin und werd glücklich. Düsseldorf 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Business Improvement Districts (BIDs): The internationalization and contextualization of a 'travelling concept' - Peyroux, Elisabeth; Pütz, Robert; Glasze, Georg (European Urban and Regional Studies, 2012)
In many countries across the world, Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are seen as a new model of sub-municipal governance to secure private capital for improving the attractiveness of a city's central spaces. Originating from North America (Canada and the United States), this model of self-taxing districts, often based on public-private partnerships, has spread to other continents, including Europe, Australia and Africa. This theme issue explores the internationalization and the contextualization of the BID model in both Northern countries (the United States, Canada, Germany and Sweden) and Southern countries (South Africa). The collection of articles focuses on key debates surrounding BIDs and presents different theoretical perspectives as well as lines of argument in relation to these debates. Relying on approaches based on political economy and local governance regimes, Foucault-inspired sociology of governance and governmentality studies or critical discourse analysis, the authors discuss the nature and significance of BIDs in relation to state restructuring and the neoliberalization of urban policies and to emergent rationalities and practices of security governance and policing arrangements. Using the recent discussions of policy transfer and 'urban policy mobilities', they look at the international circulation of the BID model and its local embeddedness, exploring the role of the global circuits of knowledge and the ways in which the model has been adopted and reshaped in different cities. Drawing a complex and differentiated picture of BIDs across continents and cities, this collection of articles emphasizes both the need for more comparative research across diverse urban experiences and contexts and the relevance of a relational perspective in urban studies that blurs the traditional lines of separation between studies of Northern and Southern cities. © The Author(s) 2012.
Keywords: Business Improvement Districts; neoliberalization; policing; policy transfer; security; urban policy mobilities; urban regeneration

Business Improvement Districts in Deutschland - Kontextualisierung einer "mobile policy" - Pütz, Robert; Stein, Christian; Michel, Boris; Glasze, Georg (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2014)
The introduction of Business Improvement Districts (BJD) in Germany can be seen as an exemplary case of a .mobile policy. As modes of governance that are being implemented throughout multiple national and international contexts, mobile policies offer prime examples for the ways in which urban policies are increasingly produced by translocal networks. BIDs promise to bring private capital and civic commitment to inner cities and to help them compete with suburban shopping centers. In the first part of this article we focus on the question of whether BDZs can be regarded as paradigmatic for new modes of governance in the .entrepreneurial city and whether its globalization can shed light on more general processes of neoliberal urbanism. In the second part we deal with the scope and limits of theoretical approaches that try to understand the global proliferation of policy models. Using the framework of a policy mobilities approach in particular, we draw on case studies on BIDs in Germany. © Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-03-21
Keywords: Business Improvement Districts; Entrepreneurial city; Germany; Policy mobilities; Public private partnerships

Bussmann, Michael: Potsdam / Michael Bussmann ; Gabriele Tröger. Erlangen 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

CaFFe - a Benchmark Dataset for Glacier Calving Front Extraction from Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery - Gourmelon, Nora; Seehaus, Thorsten; Klink, Julian; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2023)

Calculating landscape diversity with information-theory based indices: A GRASS GIS solution - Rocchini, Duccio; Delucchi, Luca; Bacaro, Giovanni; Cavallini, Paolo; Feilhauer, Hannes; Foody, Giles; He, Kate; Nagendra, Harini; Porta, Claudio; Ricotta, Carlo; Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Spano, Lucio Davide; et al. (Ecological Informatics, 2013)
The assessment of species diversity in relatively large areas has always been a challenging task for ecologists, mainly because of the intrinsic difficulty to judge the completeness of species lists and to undertake sufficient and appropriate sampling. Since the variability of remotely sensed signal is expected to be related to landscape diversity, it could be used as a good proxy of diversity at species level.It has been demonstrated that the relation between species and landscape diversity measured from remotely sensed data or land use maps varies with scale. However, Free and Open Source tools (allowing an access to the source code) for assessing landscape diversity at different spatial scales are still lacking today. In this paper, we aim at: i) providing a theoretical background of the mostly used diversity indices stemmed from information theory that are commonly applied to quantify landscape diversity from remotely sensed data and ii) proposing a free and robust Open Source tool (r.diversity) with its source code for calculating diversity indices (and allowing an easy potential implementation of new metrics by multiple contributors globally) at different spatial scales from remotely-sensed imagery or land use maps, running under the widely used Open Source program GRASS GIS.r.diversity can be a valuable tool for calculating landscape diversity in an Open Source space given the availability of multiple indices at multiple spatial scales with the possibility to create new indices directly reusing the code.We expect that the subject of this paper will stimulate discussions on the opportunities offered by Free and Open Source Software to calculate landscape diversity indices. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Diversity metrics; GRASS GIS; Landscape ecology; R.diversity; Spectral variability

Calibration of a higher-order 3-D ice-flow model of the Morteratsch glacier complex, Engadin, Switzerland - Zekollari, Harry; Huybrechts, Philippe; Fürst, Johannes; Rybak, Oleg; Eisen, Olaf (Annals of Glaciology, 2013)
We have reconstructed the ice thickness distribution of the Morteratsch glacier complex, Switzerland, and used this to simulate its flow with a higher-order 3-D model. Ice thickness was measured along transects with a ground-penetrating radar and further extended over the entire glacier using the plastic flow assumption and a distance-weighted interpolation technique. We find a maximum ice thickness of 350 +/- 52.5 m for the central trunk of Vadret da Morteratsch, resulting from a bedrock overdeepening. The average thickness of the glacier complex is 72.2 +/- 18.0 m, which corresponds to a total ice volume of 1.14 +/- 0.28 km(3). The flow of the glacier is modelled by tuning the rate factor and the sliding parameters taking into account higher-order terms in the force balance. The observed velocities can be reproduced closely (root-mean-square error of 15.0 m a(-1), R-2 = 0.93) by adopting a sliding factor of 12 x 10(-16) m(7) N-3 a(-1) and a rate factor of 1.6 x 10(-16) Pa-3 a(-1). In this setting, ice deformation accounts for 70% of the surface velocity and basal sliding for the remaining 30%. The modelled velocity field reaches values up to 125 m a(-1), but also indicates an almost stagnant front and confluence area, which are crucial for understanding the ongoing glacier retreat.

Call it by its proper name! Territory-ism and territorial stigmatisation as a dynamic model: The case of Old Naledi - Geiselhart, Klaus (Negative Neighbourhodd Reputation and Place Attachment, 2017)
Emerging debates point to possible shortcomings in relation to Loïc Wacquant's elaboration of the concept of territorial stigmatisation. One of the most frequently raised issues relates to the assumption that residents of neighbourhoods or cities with negative reputations necessarily internalise the stigmatising discourses. Indeed, in a number of his writings, Wacquant formulates the thesis according to which certain neighbourhoods become vilified in increasingly polarising cities. This, he argues, contributes to the marginalisation of the residents of these areas. The process operates in much the same way that stigmatisation does in Erving Goffman’s now famous account, whereby it ‘spoils the identity’ of those who are forced to bear it. However, in his work Wacquant adopts Goffman's theory of stigmatisation without reference to the critiques that it has generated. This chapter highlights the ways in which this initial shortcoming has resulted in a theory that is defamatory, in that it ignores many highly relevant processes of identity building, moving beyond theoretical depictions of inescapable marginality and suffering. I argue that an integrative perspective on territorial stigmatisation, and respective discrimination (territory-ism), is more adequate in order to avoid the vilification of certain groups or the population of a number of neighbourhoods. On top of this, the chapter distinguishes category-based processes from individuating processes of stigmatisation and discrimination, which is particularly helpful in order to analyse the local dynamics of segregation or integration.
Keywords: Stigma; Discrimination; Segregation

Calving fronts and where to find them: a benchmark dataset and methodology for automatic glacier calving front extraction from synthetic aperture radar imagery - Gourmelon, Nora; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (Earth System Science Data, 2022)
Exact information on the calving front positions of marine- or lake-terminating glaciers is a fundamental glacier variable for analyzing ongoing glacier change processes and assessing other variables like frontal ablation rates. In recent years, researchers started implementing algorithms that can automatically detect the calving fronts on satellite imagery. Most studies use optical images, as calving fronts are often easy to distinguish in these images due to the sufficient spatial resolution and the presence of different spectral bands, allowing the separation of ice features. However, detecting calving fronts on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is highly desirable, as SAR images can also be acquired during the polar night and are independent of weather conditions (e.g., cloud cover), facilitating year-round monitoring worldwide. In this paper, we present a benchmark dataset (Gourmelon et al., 2022b) of SAR images from multiple regions of the globe with corresponding manually defined labels providing information on the position of the calving front (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940950). With this dataset, different approaches for the detection of glacier calving fronts can be implemented, tested, and their performance fairly compared so that the most effective approach can be determined. The dataset consists of 681 samples, making it large enough to train deep learning segmentation models. It is the first dataset to provide long-term glacier calving front information from multi-mission data. As the dataset includes glaciers from Antarctica, Greenland, and Alaska, the wide applicability of models trained and tested on this dataset is ensured. The test set is independent of the training set so that the generalization capabilities of the models can be evaluated. We provide two sets of labels: one binary segmentation label to discern the calving front from the background, and one label for multi-class segmentation of different landscape classes. Unlike other calving front datasets, the presented dataset contains not only the labels but also the corresponding preprocessed and geo-referenced SAR images as PNG files. The ease of access to the dataset will allow scientists from other fields, such as data science, to contribute their expertise. With this benchmark dataset, we enable comparability between different front detection algorithms and improve the reproducibility of front detection studies. Moreover, we present one baseline model for each kind of label type. Both models are based on the U-Net, one of the most popular deep learning segmentation architectures. In the following two post-processing procedures, the segmentation results are converted into 1-pixel-wide front delineations. By providing both types of labels, both approaches can be used to address the problem. To assess the performance of different models, we suggest first reviewing the segmentation results using the recall, precision, F1 score, and the Jaccard index. Second, the front delineation can be evaluated by calculating the mean distance error to the labeled front. The presented vanilla models provide a baseline of 150 m ± 24 m mean distance error for the Mapple Glacier in Antarctica and 840 m ± 84 m for the Columbia Glacier in Alaska, which has a more complex calving front, consisting of multiple sections, compared with a laterally well constrained, single calving front of Mapple Glacie
Keywords: Deep Learning; Calving Front; Dataset; Computer Vision

Cambial growth dynamics and climatic control of different tree life forms in tropical mountain forest in Ethiopia - Krepkowski, Julia; Bräuning, Achim; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Strobl, Simone (Trees-Structure and Function, 2011)
Munessa Forest is a mountain forest in south-eastern Ethiopia experiencing seasonal rainfall variation. We investigated seasonal cambial activity and dormancy from increment rates of four different tree species belonging to varying life forms, namely, evergreen native conifer (Podocarpus falcatus), evergreen introduced conifer (Pinus patula), evergreen broadleaved tree (Prunus africana) and deciduous broadleaved tree (Celtis africana). Measurements of stem radius fluctuations were registered with the help of high-resolution electronic dendrometers. Daily amplitudes of stem diameter variations and daily and monthly net growth rates were determined and related to climatic variables measured at local climate stations. Thin sections of wood collected with a microcorer every 3–6 weeks allowed a visual control of newly formed wood cells during consecutive time intervals. Lack of water availability during the long dry season induced cambial dormancy of 5–7 months depending on life forms. After the onset of the short rainy season, stem swelling started quite synchronously with a variation of only single days in all studied species. Evergreen tree species were able to initiate wood formation during the short rainy season, whereas growth in the deciduous broadleaved species started in the long rainy season. The acquired data provide a basis for delineating the species-specific growth boundaries and the duration of the cambial growing season.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.season
Keywords: Tropical dendroecology; Wood anatomy; Dendrometer; Ethiopia; Cambial growth dynamics

Cancer resection rates, socioeconomic deprivation, and geographical access to surgery among urban, suburban, and rural populations across Canada - Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine; Wen, Chuck K; Shakeel, Saad; Schneider, Laura; Finley, Christian (PLoS ONE, 2020)
High-risk cancer resection surgeries are increasingly being performed at fewer, more specialised, and higher-volume institutions across Canada. The resulting increase in travel time for patients to obtain treatment may be exacerbated by socioeconomic barriers to access. Focussing on five high-risk surgery types (oesophageal, ovarian/fallopian, liver, lung, and pancreatic cancers), this study examines socioeconomic trends in age-adjusted resection rates and travel time to surgery location for urban, suburban, and rural populations across Canada, excluding Québec, from 2004 to 2012. Significant differences in age-adjusted resection rates were observed between urban (14.9 per 100 000 person-years [95% CI: 12.2, 17.6]), suburban (40.7 [40.1, 41.2]), and rural (32.7 [29.6, 35.9]) populations, with higher rates in suburban and rural areas throughout the study period for all cancer types. Resection rates did not differ between the highest (Q1) and lowest (Q5) socioeconomic strata (Q1: 13.3 [12.2, 14.4]; Q5: 12.0 [10.7, 13.4]), with significantly higher rates among middle-SES patients (Q2: 27.3 [25.6, 29.0]; Q3: 39.6 [37.4, 41.8]; Q4: 37.5 [35.3, 39.7]). Travel times to treatment were consistently higher among the most socioeconomically deprived patients, most notably in suburban and rural areas. The results suggest that the conventional inclusion of suburbs with urban areas in health research may obfuscate important trends for public health policy and programmes.

Capturing meanings of place, time and social interaction when analyzing human (Im)mobilities: Strengths and challenges of the application of (im)mobility biography - Kieslinger, Julia; Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Forum qualitative Sozialforschung, 2020)
In this article, we suggest (im)mobility biography as a method for reconstructing human (im)mobilities and related negotiations of meanings of place, time and social interaction. Based on biographical-narrative approaches and participatory ideals the combination of life history interviewing with a participatory timeline tool is the best fit for capturing individuals' life-worlds over time. After presenting theoretical presuppositions on relational meanings of place, time and social interaction, we provide an overview of biographical and participatory research in the context of human (im)mobilities and sketch methodological origins of the life history interview and the timeline tool. Furthermore, we address issues essential for planning and preparing (im)mobility biography, and demonstrate two different applications of the method in migration contexts in Germany and Ecuador. Subsequently, we present options for analysis and interpretation of textual and graphical data outputs. Keeping in mind strengths and challenges, we consider (im)mobility biography a valuable method for capturing (im)mobile life-worlds as well as contextual embeddedness of individual decision-making on moving or staying. Especially in terms of its participatory orientation, the visualization of migration trajectories facilitates structuration and memorization of life histories, allows for shared analysis even at the interview stage, and encourages participants to reflect on their biographies.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-09
Keywords: Biographical research; Life history interview; Life-worlds; Migration studies; New mobilities paradigm; Participatory research; Qualitative research; Timeline tool

Carbon Isotopes of Riparian Forests Trees in the Savannas of the Volta Sub-Basin of Ghana Reveal Contrasting Responses to Climatic and Environmental Variations - Boakye, Emmanuel Amoah; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Hyppolite, Dibi N'Da; Barnes, Victor Rex; Porembski, Stefan; Bräuning, Achim (Forests, 2019)
Stable isotopes of tree rings are frequently used as proxies in climate change studies. However, species-specific relationships between climate and tree-ring stable isotopes have not yet been studied in riparian forests in the savannas of West Africa. Four cross-dated discs, each of Afzelia africana Sm. (evergreen) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (deciduous) in the humid (HSZ) and dry (DSZ) savanna zones of the Volta basin in Ghana were selected from a larger tree-ring dataset to assess the relationships between the tree-ring carbon isotope composition (delta C-13 values) and climatic parameters. The atmospherically corrected delta C-13 values of both studied species showed that A. africana was enriched in C-13 compared to A. leiocarpus. Strong correlations were found between delta C-13 values of A. africana and A. leiocarpus with temperature, but weak correlations with precipitation. Spatial correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between delta C-13 values of both tree species and Sea Surface Temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The results suggest that the carbon isotope composition of riparian trees in the Volta river basin has a potential to reconstruct climate variability and to assess tree ecological responses to climate change.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-30

Carbon Sequestration, Biomass and Soil Carbon Pool Estimation in Oak-Dominated Forests of Hindu-Kush Range Mountains of Pakistan Penyerapan Karbon, Biojisim dan Anggaran Takungan Karbon Tanah di Hutan Didominasi Oak di Banjaran Hindu-Kush di Pakistan - Rahman, Ataur; Khan, Nasrullah; Rahman, Inayat U.R.; Kishwar, A. L.I.; Bräuning, Achim (Sains Malaysiana, 2023)
The present study aimed to determine the vegetation biomass, soil carbon stocks and carbon sequestration potential of Oak-dominated forests. Thirty forest stands having 10 quadrats of 20×20 were randomly sampled. Out of eighteen tree species, twelve species were associated with Group II followed by Groups I and III, with eight species each. Quercus dilatata was the only Oak species recorded in all three groups having maximum density in Group II (56.14). Quercus semecarpifolia accounted the highest proportion of carbon (235 MgC/ha) in Group II. Quercus baloot, being the dominant species of Group I, is found to accommodate the highest quantities of BMC (335±43 Mg/ha) for all size classes. The highest nitrogen content, total nitrogen and carbon-nitrogen ratio were 0.185%, 8.23 and 59.64, respectively, in Group II. The mean bulk density was 1.519 g/cm3 in Group III. The highest soil organic carbon (SOC) was recorded in Group II (2.69%, 119.82 tons/ha). Because of their large aerial scale and high carbon density, Oak-dominated forests in Group II store most of the carbon. These results suggest that organic carbon is a major source of forest carbon with significant climate change mitigation potential that must be conserved and improved by sustainable forest management.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-05-19
Keywords: Bulk density; carbon sequestration; forest carbon; mitigation potential; vegetation biomass

Casting the Bones – Ambiguität und Transrationalität in kultureller und wissenschaftlicher Praxis - Geiselhart, Klaus (Deutungsspielräume. Mehrdeutigkeit als kulturelles Phänomen, 2016)
Casting the bones ist eine Diagnosetechnik traditioneller Heiler in Botswana, die mit ambigen Bedeutungsstrukturen arbeitet, um individuelle Problemlagen zu analysieren. Der Artikel analysiert diese Kulturtechnik und zeigt den Wert, der durch deren transrationale Vorgehensweise entsteht. Transrationalität ist eine Art zu Schlüssen zu gelangen, die nicht auf logischer Folgerichtigkeit beruht, aber auch nicht irrational ist. Transrationales Denken beruht auf der Erfahrung, dass es wertvoll sein kann, die Ansprüche theoretischer Rationalität oder formaler Wissenschaftlichkeit – zumindest zeitweise – beiseitezulegen. Transrationale Momente finden sich in vielen kulturellen Traditionen, aber auch in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis.
Keywords: Traditional Medicine; Rationality; Praxis

Catchment precipitation processes in the San Francisco Valley in Southern Ecuador: Combined approach using high resolution radar images and in-situ observations - Fries, Andreas; Rollenbeck, Rütger; Bayer, Fabian; Gonzales, Victor; Onate-Valivieso, Fernando; Peters, Thorsten; Bendix, Jörg (Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 2014)
The precise estimation of precipitation quantities in tropical mountain regions is in great demand by ecological and hydrological studies, due to the heterogeneity of the rainfall distribution and the lack of meteorological station data. This study uses radar images and ground station data to provide the required high-resolution precipitation maps. Also wind data are taken into account, due to its influence on the precipitation formation and to demonstrate the relation between synoptic wind, topography and the precipitation distribution inside small mountain valleys. The study analyses the rainfall distribution and amounts of 4 days inside the San Francisco Valley, a small catchment in the tropical Andes of southern Ecuador, representing different seasons and the typical atmospheric flows, which are correlated to the annual precipitation map. The results show that the rainfall distribution and amounts are generally defined by the wind direction and velocity, besides the topographic location in relation to the main barriers and pathways. The dominant wind direction causes a division of the catchment in a wetter eastern and a dryer western part. Moreover, the annual seasons are reversed; the main rainy season for the eastern part occurs between June and August, while the western part reaches the precipitation maximum between January and March. This may have influence on the species composition at the different slopes and the annual hydrological cycle inside the catchment.

Cave finds indicate elk (Alces alces) hunting during the Late Iron Age in the Bavarian Alps - López Correa, Matthias; Pasda, Kerstin; Stojakowits, Philipp; Häck, Bernhard; Prieto, Jérôme; al-Fudhaili, Najat; Mayr, Christoph (E&G : Quaternary Science Journal, 2020)
The finding of a partially preserved elk skeleton from the Bavarian Alps is reported. Remnants of an adult male were found, together with skeletal elements of juvenile moose calves, at the base of a talus cone in the pit cave Stiefelschacht, next to Lenggries (southern Germany). The adult's bones exhibited anthropogenic traces like cut marks and were radiocarbon-dated to the Late Iron Age. A projectile hole in the left shoulder blade and cut marks on the bones are indicative of hunting and meat usage. The elk remains were associated with several wild and domestic species such as ungulates and hare but were not, however, accompanied by archaeological artefacts. Other archaeological sites of the Late Iron Age are so far not known within a distance of less than 30 km to the Stiefelschacht. While the presence of elk during prehistoric times in the Alps has already been known before, the finds and the location are unique in that they are the first evidence of elk hunting during the Late Iron Age in the northern Alp

Central Himalayan tree-ring isotopes reveal increasing regional heterogeneity and enhancement in ice mass loss since the 1960s - Singh, Nilendu; Shekhar, Mayank; Singh, Jayendra; Gupta, Anil K.; Bräuning, Achim; Mayr, Christoph; Singhal, Mohit (Cryosphere, 2021)
Tree-ring 18O values are a sensitive proxy for regional physical climate, while their 13C values are a strong predictor of local ecohydrology. Utilizing available ice-core and tree-ring 18O records from the central Himalaya (CH), we found an increase in east?west climate heterogeneity since the 1960s. Further, 13C records from transitional western glaciated valleys provide a robust basis for reconstructing about 3 centuries of glacier mass balance (GMB) dynamics. We reconstructed annually resolved GMB since 1743 CE based on regionally dominant tree species of diverse plant functional types. Three major phases became apparent: positive GMB up to the mid-19th century, the middle phase (1870?1960) of slightly negative but stable GMB, and an exponential ice mass loss since the 1960s. Reasons for accelerated mass loss are largely attributed to anthropogenic climate change, including concurrent alterations in atmospheric circulations (weakening of the westerlies and the Arabian Sea branch of the Indian summer monsoon). Multi-decadal isotopic and climate coherency analyses specify an eastward declining influence of the westerlies in the monsoon-dominated CH region. Besides, our study provides a long-term context for recent GMB variability, which is essential for its reliable projection and attribution.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-01-15

Change detection in bone histology using raster-based geographical information systems. - Michener, Suzanna; Bell, Lynne; Walker, Blake; Schuurman, Nadine (Forensic Science International, 2017)

Changes in glacier dynamics in the northern Antarctic Peninsula since 1985 - Seehaus, Thorsten; Cook, Alsion; Silva, Aline; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2018)

Changes in growth rates and wood anatomy of broad-leaved and coniferous tree species after a landslide event in the Remstal Valley (southern Germany) - Gussenstätter, Frank; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2003 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 44, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.change

Changes in ice dynamics, elevation and mass discharge of Dinsmoor-Bombardier-Edgeworth glacier system, Antarctic Peninsula - Seehaus, Thorsten; Marinsek, Sebastiàn; Helm, Veit; Skvarca, Pedro; Braun, Matthias (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2015)
The northern Antarctic Peninsula is one of the fastest changing regions on Earth. The disintegration of the Larsen-A Ice Shelf in 1995 caused tributary glaciers to adjust by speeding up, surface lowering, and overall increased ice-mass discharge. In this study, we investigate the temporal variation of these changes at the Dinsmoor-Bombardier-Edgeworth glacier system by analyzing dense time series from various spaceborne and airborne Earth observation missions. Precollapse ice shelf conditions and subsequent adjustments through 2014 were covered. Our results show a response of the glacier system some months after the breakup, reaching maximum surface velocities at the glacier front of up to 8.8 m/d in 1999 and a subsequent decrease to similar to 1.5 m/d in 2014. Using a dense time series of interferometrically derived TanDEM-X digital elevation models and photogrammetric data, an exponential function was fitted for the decrease in surface elevation. Elevation changes in areas below 1000 m a.s.l. amounted to at least 130 +/- 15 m between 1995 and 2014, with change rates of similar to 3.15 m/a between 2003 and 2008. Current change rates (2010-2014) are in the range of 1.7 m/a. Mass imbalances were computed with ;different scenarios of boundary conditions. The most plausible results amount to -40.7 +/- 3.9 Gt. The contribution to sea level rise was estimated to be 18.8 +/- 1.8 Gt, corresponding to a 0.052 +/- 0.005 mm sea level equivalent, for the period 1995-2014. Our analysis and scenario considerations revealed that major uncertainties still exist due to insufficiently accurate ice-thickness information. The second largest uncertainty in the computations was the glacier surface mass balance, which is still poorly known. Our time series analysis facilitates an improved comparison with GRACE data and as input to modeling of glacio-isostatic uplift in this region. The study contributed to a better understanding of how glacier systems adjust to ice shelf disintegration. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Larsen-A Ice Shelf; remote sensing; glacier change; contribution to sea level rise; glacier mass balance; sensitivity analysis

Changes of the tropical glaciers throughout Peru between 2000 and 2016 - Mass balance and area fluctuations - Seehaus, Thorsten; Malz, Philipp; Sommer, Christian; Lippl, Stefan; Cochachin, Alejo; Braun, Matthias (Cryosphere, 2019)
Glaciers in tropical regions are very sensitive to climatic variations and thus strongly affected by climate change. The majority of the tropical glaciers worldwide are located in the Peruvian Andes, which have shown significant ice loss in the last century. Here, we present the first multi-temporal, region-wide survey of geodetic mass balances and glacier area fluctuations throughout Peru covering the period 2000-2016. Glacier extents are derived from Landsat imagery by performing automatic glacier delineation based on a combination of the NDSI and band ratio method and final manual inspection and correction. The mapping of debris-covered glacier extents is supported by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) coherence information. A total glacier area loss of <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><math xmlnsCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" idCombining double low line"M1" displayCombining double low line"inline" overflowCombining double low line"scroll" dspmathCombining double low line"mathml">-<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">548.5±<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">65.7<svg:svg xmlns:svgCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" widthCombining double low line"70pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" classCombining double low line"svg-formula" dspmathCombining double low line"mathimg" md5hashCombining double low line"4a56d867710ad1d0e6b59b40efc7543a"><svg:image xmlns:xlinkCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:hrefCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00001.svg" widthCombining double low line"70pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" srcCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> km<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">2 (<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-29 %, <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-34.3 km<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">2 a<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1) is obtained for the study period. Using interferometric satellite SAR acquisitions, bi-temporal geodetic mass balances are derived. An average specific mass balance of <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><math xmlnsCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" idCombining double low line"M7" displayCombining double low line"inline" overflowCombining double low line"scroll" dspmathCombining double low line"mathml">-<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">296±<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">41<svg:svg xmlns:svgCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" widthCombining double low line"52pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" classCombining double low line"svg-formula" dspmathCombining double low line"mathimg" md5hashCombining double low line"daccc0027f423fe62c08bfd3497e240a"><svg:image xmlns:xlinkCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:hrefCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00002.svg" widthCombining double low line"52pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" srcCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> kg m<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-2 a<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1 is found throughout Peru for the period 2000-2016. However, there are strong regional and temporal differences in the mass budgets ranging from <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">45±97 to <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><math xmlnsCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" idCombining double low line"M11" displayCombining double low line"inline" overflowCombining double low line"scroll" dspmathCombining double low line"mathml">-<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">752±<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">452<svg:svg xmlns:svgCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" widthCombining double low line"58pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" classCombining double low line"svg-formula" dspmathCombining double low line"mathimg" md5hashCombining double low line"fcf2e06ca9213df129dd310b27a4dc03"><svg:image xmlns:xlinkCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:hrefCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00003.svg" widthCombining double low line"58pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" srcCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> kg m<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-2 a<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1. The ice loss increased towards the end of the observation period. Between 2013 and 2016, a retreat of the glacierized area of <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><math xmlnsCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" idCombining double low line"M14" displayCombining double low line"inline" overflowCombining double low line"scroll" dspmathCombining double low line"mathml">-<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">203.8±<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">65.7<svg:svg xmlns:svgCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" widthCombining double low line"70pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" classCombining double low line"svg-formula" dspmathCombining double low line"mathimg" md5hashCombining double low line"ea393321be0a3323d1a14edbade0f209"><svg:image xmlns:xlinkCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:hrefCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00004.svg" widthCombining double low line"70pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" srcCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> km<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">2 (<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-16 %, <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-101.9 km<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">2 a<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1) is mapped and the average mass budget amounts to <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><math xmlnsCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" idCombining double low line"M20" displayCombining double low line"inline" overflowCombining double low line"scroll" dspmathCombining double low line"mathml">-<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">660±<mn mathvariantCombining double low line"normal">178<svg:svg xmlns:svgCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" widthCombining double low line"58pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" classCombining double low line"svg-formula" dspmathCombining double low line"mathimg" md5hashCombining double low line"4d564a6ec6bec32c37de7ae43c3acb5d"><svg:image xmlns:xlinkCombining double low line"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:hrefCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00005.svg" widthCombining double low line"58pt" heightCombining double low line"10pt" srcCombining double low line"tc-13-2537-2019-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg> kg m<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-2 a<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1. The glacier changes revealed can be attributed to changes in the climatic settings in the study region, derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the Oceanic Nino Index. The intense El Niño activities in 2015/16 are most likely the trigger for the increased change rates in the time interval 2013-2016. Our observations provide fundamental information on the current dramatic glacier changes for local authorities and for the calibration and validation of glacier change projections.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-10-08

Changes of Wilkins Ice Shelf over the past 15 years and inferences on its stability - Braun, Matthias; Humbert, Angelika; Moll, Albert (Cryosphere, 2009)
The Wilkins Ice Shelf is situated on the Antarctic Peninsula, a region where seven ice shelves disintegrated or retreated between 1995 and 2002. This study combines various remote sensing datasets from Wilkins Ice Shelf, with the aim of detecting its present and recent dynamics as well as recent changes. The survey includes structural mapping, ERS-1/2 SAR interferometry and analysis of ICESat GLAS ice surface elevation data. Ice front retreat rates from 1986 to 2008 showed several distinct break-up events, including one in February 2008, when 40% of a part of the ice shelf that connected two islands broke off. Surface elevations have been used to study tidal effects, crack formation and to estimate the ice thickness over the floating area. The derived interferometric velocities cover the south-eastern part of the ice shelf as well as major tributaries and reveal maximum inflow speeds of up to 330 m a -1. We show that drainage of melt ponds into crevasses were of no relevance for the break-up at Wilkins Ice Shelf. Buoyancy forces caused rift formation before the break-up in February 2008. Additionally, the evolution of failure zones of the order of tenths of kilometres in length in pre-conditioned locations at ice rises is shown. Investigation of the current (February 2009) situation shows that about 3100 km 2 at the Northern Wilkins Ice Shelf are endangered, however, there is no visible signature that the remaining 8000 km 2 are at risk. © 2009 Author(s).
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.change

Changing climate yet healthy forest stand of Tsuga dumosa in temperate zone of central Nepal - Chaulagain, Sarita; Aryal, Sugam; Basnet, Saroj; Tiwari, Achyut (Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2023)
Nepal Himalaya is experiencing a faster rate of temperature rise than the global average, and the temperature has altered the growth patterns and distribution of mountain trees. A dendrochronological study was conducted for Tsuga dumosa (D.Don) Eichler to analyze growth-climate relationship from the temperate forest of central Nepal. We developed 116 year-long tree ring width chronology spanning from 1905 to 2020 CE. The study area showed a significant increase in atmospheric temperature and a decrease in rainfall during the past 42 years. It is found that the spring season (March–May) climate is sensitive to the radial growth of T. dumosa. Ring width indices showed a substantial positive correlation with the minimum temperature of January, March, and June of the growth year. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed with the maximum temperature of the previous year's months (July, September, and November), March, and September of the current year, and rainfall during June and November. Basal Area Increment (BAI) trend is positive, indicating the forest is healthy despite the decline in the years 1942, 1978, and 1998. We conclude that the warming of the spring season (March–May), previous year's late growing season and moisture supply (precipitation) during June are critical to the radial growth of Tsuga dumosa in the region. However, responses from multiple species and their exposure to different climate regimes would ideally be required to make predictions on the growth climate relationships of forest trees.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-09-29
Keywords: Basal area increment (BAI); Dendroclimatology; Growth-climate response; Tree ring; Tsuga dumosa

Changing food webs before and during the Last Glacial Maximum based on stable isotopes of animal bone collagen from Lower Austria - Reiss, Lilian; Mayr, Christoph; Pasda, Kerstin; Einwögerer, Thomas; Händel, Marc; Lücke, Andreas; Maier, Andreas; Wissel, Holger (Journal of Quaternary Science, 2023)
We investigated palaeofood web structures using stable isotope analyses on animal bone collagen from four Upper Palaeolithic sites dated to the Early Gravettian (Krems-Hundssteig and Krems-Wachtberg: 33–31k cal a bp, Langenlois: 31–29k cal a bp) and to the Early Epigravettian (Kammern-Grubgraben: 24–20k cal a bp). In both periods, δ13C values show niche partitioning between hare, horse and mammoth on one side, and reindeer and ibex on the other, indicating different diets and habitats between both herbivore groups. The δ15N differences between carnivores and herbivores suggest a difference of one trophic level during the pre-Last Glacial Maximum (pre-LGM) period at the Early Gravettian sites and a tendency towards secondary carnivores during the LGM at Kammern-Grubgraben. δ15N values of pre-LGM mammoths are elevated in relation to other herbivores but shifted to the level of other herbivores in the LGM. A general δ15N value shift in herbivores of 3.3‰ from the pre-LGM to the LGM is related to climatic deterioration. This may have led to the disappearance of certain ecological niches and to a shift from broader to overlapping ecological herbivore niches shortly before the LGM, as demonstrated by SIBER analyses.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-07-21
Keywords: Epigravettian; Gravettian; niche partitioning; δ; δ

Channels, terraces, pottery, and sediments – A comparison of past irrigation systems along a climatic transect in northern Jordan - Lucke, Bernhard; Al-Karaimeh, Sufyan; Schoerner, Guenther (Journal of Arid Environments, 2019)
This contribution compares the remains of irrigation systems along a climatic transect in northern Jordan: Gadara (today Umm Qeis) in the north-west, Abila (today Queilbeh) in the north, and Umm el-Jimal (ancient name unknown) in north-east Jordan. While Gadara and Abila were monumental ancient cities of the Decapolis city league, which are located in Mediterranean environments, Umm el-Jimal is a large urban site situated in the steppe. Rainfed agriculture is possible near Gadara/Umm Qeis and Abila/Queilbeh, but not at Umm el-Jimal. Our surveys of the hinterlands revealed evidence for runoff farming at Umm el-Jimal near some wadis, and at Abila/Queilbeh and Gadara/Umm Qeis near both springs and wadis. Contrary to our expectations, the extent of ancient irrigation near Umm el-Jimal appeared more limited and economically less important than at the two other sites. Although the steppe proved covered by an approximately 4 m deep loess cover, these fertile sediments were apparently utilized only to a limited degree for agriculture. This can be deduced from the petty amount of sediments that accumulated behind terrace walls, the small extent of the fields and from low concentrations of nutrients usually associated with manuring. The archaeological surface survey confirms this picture: in the steppe, widely spread pottery scatters were found only within the settlement and the necropolis. The sites to the west revealed larger and more sophisticated remains of irrigation systems, as well as higher concentrations of material culture scatters, which suggest far more intensive land use systems than in the east. The most extensive and sophisticated remains of irrigation canals were found on caliche crusts near Gadara/Umm Qeis. As these rocks are mostly bare of soil cover, they are well-suited to collect runoff and construct rock-cut canals to transport water. We conclude that the available water resources and the geology had the strongest influence on the construction of ancient irrigation systems in northern Jordan.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-16
Keywords: Ancient agriculture; Decapolis; Irrigation; Jordan; Land use systems; Runoff terraces

Characteristics of Some Wild Olive Phenotypes (Oleaster) Selected from the Western Mountains of Syria - Hamid, Reem Abdul; Hag Mohamed Husein, Hussam; Bäumler, Rupert (Sustainability, 2022)
This study presents the evaluation of some technological and production specifications of 20 selected wild olive (oleaster) phenotypes from Hama Province, western–central Syria. The analyses of oil quantity showed that the olive oil (OO) extracted ranged from 10.43 to 29.3%. The fatty acid composition determined by gas chromatography (m/m%, methyl esters), conforming to commercial standards, showed the percentages of palmitic (ranged 13.2–15.06%), stearic (2.27–4.2%), arachidic (0.42–0.7%), palmitoleic (0.73–1.25%), oleic (64.29–73.17%), linoleic (8.96–16.45%), and linolenic (0.23–1.6%). Our results suggest that, despite being in a harsh environment and lacking agricultural service, two wild olive phenotypes (WA4, WA6) are interesting since their fruits showed high-quality properties (fruit weight 2.16, 3.24 g; flesh 75.83, 86.2, respectively), high content of OO% (29.27, 29.01, respectively), and better fatty acid composition (oleic % 68.45, 66.74, respectively). This enables them to be a very promising introductory feature in olive genetic improvement processes. Thus, both phenotypes were adopted tentatively as inputs, the first for oil purposes and the second for dual purposes (oil and table olives). It will be important to further evaluate these promising phenotypes in terms of their OO minor compounds, as well as their ability to resist biotic and abiotic stresses.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-05-20
Keywords: Accession; Biodiversity; Fatty acid composition; Genetic improvement; Oleaster; Oleic acid

Characteristics of summertime energy balance along the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Annals of Glaciology, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.charac

Characterization of Andisols developed from nonvolcanic material in Eastern Nepal - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Soil Science, 1994)
Soils developed from mica schist in Eastern Nepal (The Himalayas) were investigated. All soil horizons were characterized by high organic carbon and extractable aluminum contents. Chemical and physical analyses indicated andic soil properties. No short-range order minerals could be detected. It is assumed that aluminum is linked to the organic matter, which leads to insolubilization and stabilization of the organic material against microbial degradation. The formation of Al-humus complexes instead of short-range order minerals is preferred if enough Al and water-soluble organic compounds are present. Al-humus complexes are considered responsible for the formation of Andisols from nonvolcanic parent material. The soil is classified as Dystric Haplustand, medial, mesic (US Soil Taxonomy). Copyright © 1994 by Williams & Wilkins.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1994.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.charac

Character, rates, and environmental significance of holocene dust accumulation in archaeological hilltop ruins in the southern levant - Lucke, Bernhard; Roskin, Joel; Vanselow, Kim; Bruins, Hendrik J.; Abu-Jaber, Nizar; Deckers, Katleen; Lindauer, Susanne; Porat, Naomi; Reimer, Paula J.; Bäumler, Rupert; Erickson-Gini, Tali; Kouki, Paula (Geosciences, 2019)
Loess accumulated in the Negev desert during the Pleistocene and primary and secondary loess remains cover large parts of the landscape. Holocene loess deposits are however absent. This could be due low accumulation rates, lack of preservation, and higher erosion rates in comparison to the Pleistocene. This study hypothesized that archaeological ruins preserve Holocene dust. We studied soils developed on archaeological hilltop ruins in the Negev and the Petra region and compared them with local soils, paleosols, geological outcrops, and current dust. Seven statistically modeled grain size end-members were identified and demonstrate that the ruin soils in both regions consist of mixtures of local and remote sediment sources that differ from dust compositions deposited during current storms. This discrepancy is attributed to fixation processes connected with sediment-fixing agents such as vegetation, biocrusts, and/or clast pavements associated with vesicular layers. Average dust accretion rates in the ruins are estimated to be 0.14 mm/a, suggesting that 30% of the current dust that can be trapped with dry marble dust collectors has been stored in the ruin soils. Deposition amounts and grain sizes do not significantly correlate with wind intensity. However, precipitation may have contributed to dust accretion. A snowstorm in the Petra region delivered a significantly higher amount of sediment than rain or dry deposition. Snowfall dust had a unique particle size distribution relatively similar to the ruin soils. Wet deposition and snow might catalyze dust deposition and enhance fixation by fostering vegetation and crust formation. More frequent snowfall during the Pleistocene may have been an important mechanism of primary loess deposition in the southern Levant.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-17
Keywords: Aeolian dust; Archaeological sediment; Biocrusts; Clast pavements; Climate change; Holocene; Loess; Ruin soil; Snow; Vesicular layer

Chemical characterization of material from Neolithic pits in Southern Bavaria, Germany - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Int. Humic Substances Society Meeting, 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.chemic

Chemical composition of the organic matter in Neolithic soil material as revealed by CPMAS 13C NMR spectroscopy, polysaccharide analysis and CuO oxidation. - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Soil Science, 2001)
The archaeological site in Murr, Upper Bavaria, was settled throughout the entire Neolithic period, between 5500 and 2700 BC. Various pits and a ditch found in the area are distinct from the surrounding loamy soil because of the dark brown color of their filling materials. Although several artifacts have been discovered, at the present stage of research neither the nature of the filling material nor the function of pits and the ditch are well understood. Thus, the organic matter composition of 30 filling layers from 11 Neolithic pits found in this settlement was investigated and compared with that of a nearby Luvisol profile and two A horizons from contemporary Phaeozems. All samples were subjected to C and N analysis, soil lightness measurements, solid-state 13C CPMAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and polysaccharide and lignin analysis. The organic carbon contents are higher in the Neolithic samples than in the Luvisol horizons, but they are generally lower than in the A horizons of contemporary phaeozemic soils developed from loess. The Neolithic samples have a much higher intensity in darkness than do the surrounding Luvisol horizons. The organic carbon content of the Neolithic samples correlates with the lightness value. Solid-state 13C NMR measurements revealed that this correlation is primarily because of their aromatic C content, which is considerably higher in the Neolithic samples than in the contemporary soils. Small polysaccharide amounts and no lignin-derived phenols were found in the Neolithic samples. Thus, the organic material filling the Neolithic pits is significantly different in overall chemical composition from the surrounding soil. It represents a highly altered, highly aromatic material showing no evidence of lignin degradation products and probably deriving from non-soil origins.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.chemic
Keywords: Filling matrix; Lignin degradation products; Neolithic pits; Polysaccharide amounts; Soil color; Soil lightness measurements; Solid-state

Children, Adolescents and the HIV and AIDS Pandemic: Changing Inter-Generational Relationships and Intra-Family Communication Patterns. - Geiselhart, Klaus; Krüger, Fred; Gwebu, Thando (Children, Youth and Environments, 2008)
The HIV and AIDS pandemic has become an omnipresent part of everyday life in Botswana. Children grow up to be teenagers and young adults and have to adapt to the devastating conditions created by the HIV and AIDS crisis. Based on theoretical concepts of risk and vulnerability and on qualitative empirical research, this article inquires into the relations between children and their guardians in Botswana. The research shows that families in Botswana have insufficient strategies to educate children about important issues concerning adolescence and HIV and AIDS. The results also indicate that children experience inter-generational conflicts, insecure livelihoods, and are torn between different explanations of HIV and AIDS. However, children are not simply victims; they are also able to cope actively.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-14:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.profes.childr
Keywords: HIV; AIDS; people living with HIV and AIDS; PLWHA; risk; vulnerability; resilience; communication; orphans; Botswana

Chile - Natürlicher Ressourcenreichtum und Umweltrisiken - Peters, Thorsten (Arbeitsbuch zum Weltgebetstag, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.chilen

Christoph, Jacqueline: Süditalien. 5., aktualisierte Aufl. Ostfildern 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Classifier ensembles for land cover mapping with multi-spectral SAR imagery - Waske, Björn; Braun, Matthias (Isprs Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2009)
SAR data are almost independent from weather conditions, and thus are well suited for mapping of seasonally changing variables such as land cover. In regard to recent and upcoming missions, multitemporal and multi-frequency approaches become even more attractive. In the present study, classifier ensembles (i.e., boosted decision tree and random forests) are applied to multi-temporal C-band SAR data, from different study sites and years. A detailed accuracy assessment shows that classifier ensembles, in particularly random forests, outperform standard approaches like a single decision tree and a conventional maximum likelihood classifier by more than 10% independently from the site and year. They reach up to almost 84% of overall accuracy in rural areas with large plots. Visual interpretation confirms the statistical accuracy assessment and reveals that also typical random noise is considerably reduced. In addition the results demonstrate that random forests are less sensitive to the number of training samples and perform well even with only a small number. Random forests are computationally highly efficient and are hence considered very well suited for land cover classifications of future multifrequency and multitemporal stacks of SAR imagery.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.classi
Keywords: Decision tree; Random forests; Boosting; Multitemporal SAR data; Land cover classification

Classifying and Mapping Periurban Areas of Rapidly Growing Medium-Sized Sub-Saharan African Cities: A Multi-Method Approach Applied to Tamale, Ghana - Karg, Hanna; Hologa, Rafael; Schlesinger, Johannes; Drescher, Axel; Kranjac-Berisavljevic, Gordana; Glaser, Ruediger (Land, 2019)
Periurban areas of growing cities in developing countries have been conceptualised as highly dynamic landscapes characterised by a mixture of socioeconomic structures, land uses and functions. While the body of conceptual literature on periurban areas has significantly increased over the past two decades, methods for operationalising these multi-dimensional concepts are rather limited. Yet, information about the location and areal extent of periurban areas is needed for integrated planning in the urban-rural interface. This article presents the results of a study aiming at classifying and mapping periurban areas along the urban-rural gradient of Tamale, a medium-sized city in Ghana. The study used a quantitative, multi-dimensional methodology involving the following as core elements: (1) a relative measure of how urban a place and its people are in terms of services, infrastructure and livelihoods (urbanicity index); (2) the diversity of households regarding their livelihoods and access to urban services; and (3) land use dynamics. Therefore, data from a household survey, as well as land use and other secondary geospatial data were collected and analysed at different spatial scales. The findings suggested that the periurban space consists of two main zones. Inner periurban areas are driven by urban expansion and the conversion of non-urban into urban land use is most visible here. These areas exhibit higher levels of socioeconomic diversity, compared to both rural and urban areas. Outer periurban areas are less dynamic in terms of land use change and exhibit lower building densities, and compared with rural areas, hold stronger links to the city related to the movement of people and goods. The spatial analysis revealed that periurban areas develop mainly along major transport corridors across administrative divisions, as well as in the form of periurban islands in the rural zone. This study set out to extend existing methodologies to map urban and periurban development in medium-sized cities in sub-Saharan Africa, useful for urban and regional planning beyond administrative boundaries.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-30

Climate and land use changes affect vascular plant diversity in Southern Ecuador - Peters, Thorsten; Adams, Julia (TMF Newsletter, 2013)

Climate change alters the ability of neotropical forests to provide timber and sequester carbon - Hiltner, Ulrike; Huth, Andreas; Hérault, Bruno; Holtmann, Anne; Bräuning, Achim; Fischer, Rico (Forest Ecology and Management, 2021)
Logging is widespread in tropical regions, with approximately 50% of all humid tropical forests (1.73 × 109 ha) regarded as production forests. To maintain the ecosystem functions of carbon sequestration and timber supply in tropical production forests over a long term, forest management must be sustainable under changing climate conditions. Individual-based forest models are useful tools to enhance our understanding about the long-term effects of harvest and climate change on forest dynamics because they link empirical field data with simulations of ecological processes. The objective of this study is to analyze the combined effects of selective logging and climate change on biomass stocks and timber harvest in a tropical forest in French Guiana. By applying a forest model, we simulated natural forest dynamics under the baseline scenario of current climate conditions and compared the results with scenarios of selective logging under climate change. The analyses revealed how substantially forest dynamics are altered under different scenarios of climate change. (1) Repeated logging within recovery times decreased biomass and timber harvest, irrespective of the intensity of climate change. (2) With moderate climate change as envisaged by the 5th IPCC Assessment Report (representative concentration pathway 2.6), the average biomass remained the same as in the baseline scenario (−1%), but with intensive climate change (RCP 8.5), the average biomass decreased by 12%. (3) The combination of selective logging and climate change increased the likelihood of changes in forest dynamics, driven mainly by rising temperatures. Under RCP 8.5, the average timber harvest was almost halved, regardless of the logging cycle applied. An application-oriented use of forest models will help to identify opportunities to reduce the effects of unwanted ecosystem changes in a changing environment. To ensure that ecosystem functions in production forests are maintained under climate change conditions, appropriate management strategies will help to maintain biomass and harvest in production forests.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-04-30
Keywords: Aboveground biomass; Climate change mitigation; Forest degradation; Forest management; French Guiana; Individual-based forest modeling; Paracou; Timber harvest; Tropical forestry

Climate Change and New Markets: Multi-Factorial Drivers of Recent Land-Use Change in The Semi-Arid Trans-Himalaya, Nepal - Meier, Wolfgang; Pohle, Perdita; Grießinger, Jussi (Land, 2022)
The Nepalese Mustang District is subject to profound environmental change. In recent decades, rising temperatures have been apparent, accompanied by increasing precipitation variability and a reduction in glacier extent. In a semi-arid climate, this reduces water availability and threatens irrigation-based subsidence agriculture. In addition, the region is experiencing rapid socio-economic change due to a new road connecting the former periphery to new markets downstream. This enables a higher market orientation for agricultural products and improved accessibility for tourists. In recent decades, these changes have triggered severe transformations in the local land-use systems and settlements, which are investigated in this study. Detailed on-site re-mappings of the settlements of Marpha and Kagbeni were performed based on historical maps from the early 1990s. Additionally, land-use patterns and functionality of buildings in the district capital of Jomsom and in the settlement Ranipauwa/Muktinath were mapped. For all settlements, a profound increase in cash crop (apple) cultivation can be observed since the 1990s. Recently, new cultivation practices such as intercropping have been extensively introduced as an adaptation strategy to climate extremes. Demand for different crops from the new markets downstream is causing a significant decline in local, well-established cultivation of traditional crops such as buckwheat. This corroborates with an increasing demand for freshwater for the enhanced vegetable cultivation used for inter-cropping. Simultaneously, the freshwater demands from the tourism sector are steadily increasing. In a region where water quality is deteriorating and springs are already drying up due to climate change, this will probably lead to further challenges regarding the allocation of water in the future.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-10-07

Climate change and tourism in South and Central America - Navarro-Drazich, Diego; Christel, Lucas G.; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Grimm, Isabel; Rendón, Maria Luisa; Schlemer Alcântara, Liliane; Abraham, Yasmin; Conde, Maria del Rosario; De Simón, Cecilia (Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2023)
This paper assesses the state of knowledge of climate change and tourism in South and Central America, with a special focus on the characteristics of the tourism sector, the particularities of climate risks of the region and the sectoral GHG contribution. We conducted a scientific literature review (by region and by country) in Spanish, Portuguese and English using publications in the Scopus and Google databases to the end of 2021. In parallel, we performed a search for institutional publications, programs, and strategies on climate change and tourism in South and Central American countries. This analysis identified the main challenges and potentialities between tourism and climate change in the region. Among the main findings is the limited number of studies and lack of primary data to inform policy formulation and tourism planning. Likewise, national, and regional public policies specific to tourism are scarce, while multisectoral climate plans have only recently been developed and, consequently, are difficult to evaluate.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-05-26
Keywords: Central America; climate change; South America; Tourism

Climate Change: Effects on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning - Werner, Florian; Jantz, Nele; Krashevska, Valentyna; Peters, Thorsten; Behling, Hermann; Maraun, Mark; Scheu, Stefan; Brehm, Gunnar (Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Ecological Studies, 2013)
Understanding the resistance of plant and decomposer communities to climate change is critical for predicting the future of tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this chapter we present data from three independent field studies related to climate change effects in the moist Andes of Southeast Ecuador. Pollen records suggest that large climatic fluctuations during the late Pleistocene and Holocene affected the unusually low forest line of southern Ecuador in ways that were expected, with warming trends resulting in an elevation of the timber line. However, our analysis of present-day tree assemblages at ten forest line sites suggests that the regional timberline is not primarily determined by temperature, and that rising temperature alone is hence unlikely to cause a pronounced upshift of the region’s forest line. Experimental rain exclusion strongly reduced the density, but not the species richness, of testate amoebae irrespective of altitude (1,000–3,000 m), suggesting that increasing drought occurrence may affect nutrient mineralization in the future.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.climat

Climate change in the Tropics - Peters, Thorsten (Tropical Forestry Handbook, 2014)
In this chapter, different aspects of climate variability at different time and spatial scales and their possible influences on ecosystems and biodiversity are discussed. A comprehensive full survey on climate change is presented in the fifth IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assessment report 2013/2014.

Climate change-related growth improvements in a wide niche-breadth tree species across contrasting environments - Fajardo, Alex; Gazol, Antonio; Meynard, Paulo Moreno; Mayr, Christoph; Pastur, Guillermo J. Martinez; Peri, Pablo L.; Camarero, J. Julio (Annals of Botany, 2023)
Background and Aims The vulnerability and responsiveness of forests to drought are immensely variable across biomes. Intraspecific tree responses to drought in species with wide niche breadths that grow across contrasting climatically environments might provide key information regarding forest resistance and changes in species distribution under climate change. Using a species with an exceptionally wide niche breath, we tested the hypothesis that tree populations thriving in dry environments are more resistant to drought than those growing in moist locations. Methods We determined temporal trends in tree radial growth of 12 tree populations of Nothofagus antarctica (Nothofagaceae) located across a sharp precipitation gradient (annual precipitation of 500-2000 mm) in Chile and Argentina. Using dendrochronological methods, we fitted generalized additive mixed-effect models to predict the annual basal area increment as a function of year and dryness (De Martonne aridity index). We also measured carbon and oxygen isotope signals (and estimated intrinsic water-use efficiency) to provide potential physiological causes for tree growth responses to drought. Key Results We found unexpected improvements in growth during 1980-1998 in moist sites, while growth responses in dry sites were mixed. All populations, independent of site moisture, showed an increase in their intrinsic water-use efficiency in recent decades, a tendency that seemed to be explained by an increase in the photosynthetic rate instead of drought-induced stomatal closure, given that delta O-18 did not change with time. Conclusions The absence of drought-induced negative effects on tree growth in a tree species with a wide niche breadth is promising because it might relate to the causal mechanisms tree species possess to face ongoing drought events. We suggest that the drought resistance of N. antarctica might be attributable to its low stature and relatively low growth rate.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-05-26

Climate-driven acceleration in forest evapotranspiration fuelling extreme rainfall events in the Himalaya - Singh, Nilendu; Singh, Jayendra; Gupta, Anil K.; Bräuning, Achim; Dimri, A. P.; Ramanathan, A. L.; Sharma, Vikram; Tiwari, Reet Kamal; Chakraborty, Joyeeta Singh; Chauhan, Pankaj; Shukla, Tanuj; Singhal, Mohit; et al. (Environmental Research Letters, 2021)
Warming-induced expansion in vegetation coverage and activity can accelerate the montane hydrological regimes. However, the climate impacts on ecohydrology of forested valleys of the Himalaya are uncertain. In this study, utilizing results of about three centuries of cellulose isotope chronologies (delta C-13 and delta O-18) of dominant tree species, geo-chronological proxies, bio-geophysical dataset and simulations including satellite observations, we show an activation in the ecophysiological processes including evapotranspiration (ET) since the 1950s. Observation suggests rapid greening, while isotopic records indicate enhanced assimilation and transpiration in deciduous species vis-a-vis conifers post 1950s. Given strong vegetation-precipitation feedback and superimposed on the increasing trends of conducive atmospheric factors affecting valley-scale convective processes, intensification in forest ET is manifesting in a progressive enhancement in extreme rainfall events (EREs) since the last few decades. Results suggest that representation of ecophysiological processes and dynamics of seasonal moisture loading in observational and modelling framework is critical for understanding EREs under climate change.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-08-13

Climate-growth relationships of the dwarf shrub species Empetrum hermaphroditum in the Norwegian Scandes - Bär, Annette; Bräuning, Achim; Löffler, Jörg (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 5: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2006 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 74, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat

Climate history of the Tibetan Plateau during the last 1000 years derived from a network of Juniper chronologies - Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologia, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat

Climate History of the Tibetan plateau for the last 1500 years as inferred from stable CARBON isotopes in tree-rings - Helle, Gerhard; Schleser, Gerhard Hans; Bräuning, Achim (Proceedings of the International Conference on the Study of Environmental Change Using Isotope Techniques, 2002)
For the south-eastern part of Tibet, i.e. Qamdo, a carbon isotope chronology from spruce and juniper trees, covering the last 400 and 1600 years, respectively, has been developed. Juniper tree-rings were sampled in pentad blocks, whereas the spruce chronology is annually resolved in order enable appropriate calibration of isotope data with the short instrumental temperature record available. The chronology shows a number of different climatic phases which have their analogues in Europe and North America. A short warm phase between 1200 and 1300AD appears to correspond to the Mediaeval Warm Period and a larger cool phase from about 1450 to 1600AD appears to correspond to the Little Ice Age with a short recurring episode around 1850. The current results suggest that the observed events may have occurred over the entire Northern Hemisphere, though they do not seem to have been contemporaneous with Europe and North America.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat

Climate, Land Use, and Landscape Change in Southern Bilad al-Sham (Northern Jordan) during the Islamic Periods - Lucke, Bernhard (Journal of Islamic Archaeology, 2018)
Common narratives of "decline" in Jordan and Syria during the Islamic periods are based on diminishing evidence for construction and maintenance of monumental architecture, and often consider man-made degradation of the environment, such as soil erosion due to mismanagement, as a key factor of reduced productivity. This contribution tackles the question of historic landscape change with a case study of the site of Abila in northern Jordan, and reviews the literature on the matter. Sediments in the Wadi Queilbeh near Abila suggest that two periods of rapid and significant deposition took place during the 6th and 14th-15th centuries AD, which were connected with extreme rainfalls induced by global climate fluctuations. As well, a general trend to drier conditions is discernible after the 6th century. Other periods are characterized by absence of sedimentation, and soil distribution in the vicinity suggests stable and fertile conditions where water availability determines the agricultural potential. Changes of settlement and environment can be explained with reduced rainfalls during the Islamic periods that led to a diversification of land use from market-oriented agriculture towards subsistence farming. This reduced surpluses and thus less monumental buildings were built. The practice of a mixed economy with an increasing share of pastoralism was connected with natural reforestation of some areas, and seasonal use of many areas may have led to incorrect perceptions of "empty" lands by European travelers. Tribes settled when they could realize the benefits of agriculture. Climate fluctuations most likely represent the underlying drivers of environmental and economic changes in northern Jordan during the Islamic periods.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-03-15

Climate Signals for Growth Variations of F. sylvatica, P. abies, and P. sylvestris in Southeast Germany over the Past 50 Years - Debel, Annette Caroline; Meier, Wolfgang; Bräuning, Achim (Forests, 2021)
Since recent drought events have already caused severe damage to trees and droughts in the near future are expected to occur even more frequently, this study investigated the response of forest ecosystems to changing climate conditions in the topographically complex region of Bavaria, southeast Germany. For this purpose, climate–growth relationships of important European deciduous and coniferous tree species were investigated over the past 50 years at three middle mountain ranges and corresponding basins. A response analysis between tree-ring width and climate variables was applied to detect modifications in tree responses comparing two 25-year periods at individual forest sites. Furthermore, tree responses to climatic extreme years and seasons were analyzed using a superposed epoch analysis. The results showed that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) proved to be the most vulnerable and least drought-resistant of all investigated tree species. Likewise, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) revealed a higher drought sensitivity over the past 25 years, even though an extended growing season partially improved tree growth at high-elevation sites. In conclusion, all studied tree species were affected by drought events, even at humid high-elevation sites. Correlations with daily climate variables confirmed that even short-term weather conditions could strongly influence trees’ radial growth. Tree responses to climate conditions have shifted significantly between past and present periods but vary considerably among sites and are generally stronger in humid regions than in already dry areas.
Keywords: tree-ring widths; climate–growth relationships; forest dynamics; climate variability; extreme climatic events; Bavaria; Germany

Climate signals in carbon isotope series from Pinus nigra ssp. laricio in Corsica - Szymczak, Sonja; Joachimski, Michael; Bräuning, Achim; Hetzer, Timo; Kuhlemann, Joachim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.climat_7

Climate variability and Glacier response at Vestfonna a case study of Arctic climate and glacier dynamics at Nordaustlandet (Svalbard) in recent years - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 112, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.climat

Climate variability in Southern Ecuador: Dry periods and their causes - Peters, Thorsten; Drobnik, Thomas (DFG Statussymposium, 2011)

Climate variability of the tropical Andes since the late Pleistocene. - Bräuning, Achim (Advances in Geosciences, 2009)
Available proxy records witnessing palaeoclimate of the tropical Andes are comparably scarce. Major implications of palaeoclimate development in the humid and arid parts of the Andes are briefly summarized. The long-term behaviour of ENSO has general significance for the climatic history of the Andes due to its impact on regional circulation patterns and precipitation regimes, therefore ENSO history derived from non-Andean palaeo-records is highlighted. Methodological constraints of the chronological precision and the palaeoclimatic interpretation of records derived from different natural archives, such as glacier sediments and ice cores, lake sediments and palaeo-wetlands, pollen profiles and tree rings are addressed and complementary results concerning former climatic conditions are discussed in terms of possible implications of former atmospheric circulation patterns and main climatic forcing factors. During the last years, increasing tree-ring information is getting available from the tropical Andes, providing high-resolution climate-sensitive records covering the past centuries for the study of climate variability.

Climate variability, tree increment patterns and ENSO-related carbon sequestration reduction of the tropical dry forest species Loxopterygium huasango of Southern Ecuador - Spannl, Susanne; Volland, Franziska; Pucha Cofrep, Darwin; Peters, Thorsten; Cueva, Eduardo; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2016)
We present the first multi-year long time series of local climate data in the seasonally dry tropical forest in Southern Ecuador and related growth dynamics of Loxopterygium huasango, a deciduous tree species. Local climate was investigated by installing an automatically weather station in 2007 and the daily tree growth variability was measured with high-resolution point dendrometers. The climatic impact on growth behaviour was evaluated. Hydro-climatic variables, like precipitation and relative humidity, were the most important factors for controlling tree growth. Changes in rainwater input affected radial increment rates and daily amplitudes of stem diameter variations within the study period from 2009 to 2013. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related variations of tropical Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures influenced the trees’ increment rates. Average radial increments showed high inter-annual (up to 7.89 mm) and inter-individual (up to 3.88 mm) variations. Daily amplitudes of stem diameter variations differed strongly between the two extreme years 2009 (wet) and 2011 (dry). Contrary to 2009, the La Niña drought in 2011 caused a rapid reduction of the daily amplitudes, indicating a total cessation (‘growth collapse’) of stem increment under ENSO-related drought conditions and demonstrating the high impact of climatic extreme events on carbon sequestration of the dry tropical forest ecosystem.
Keywords: Climate variability; Dendroecology; Dendrometer; Ecuador; La Niña drought; Seasonally dry tropical forest

Climatic analysis of pointer years in tree-ring chronologies from northern Iran and neighboring high mountain areas - Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Parsapajouh, Davoud; Bräuning, Achim; Esper, Jan; Schweingruber, Fritz Hans (Geo-Öko, 2007)
Juniperus polycarpos is a widely distributed tree species growing at the upper timberline in the mountain regions of northern Iran. According to correlation analyses between ring width index chronologies with local meteorological data, ring width is positively influenced by high spring and early summer rainfall and by warmer temperature in December prior to the growth season. Pointer years of extremely low and high values of tree growth during the 20th century were extracted by applying the so called Cropper technique. The spatial distribution and climatologic background of these pointer years was examined within a regional chronology network of 15 high elevation treering sites enclosing Turkey, Iran, southern Russia, Kirghizia, Pakistan, Nepal and the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the similarity of growth reactions at the north Iranian sites is greater with Asian high mountain regions than with the eastern Mediterranean area. Negative pointer years with a wide distribution within the study area are more common (1913, 1917, 1951, 1961, 1975, 1991) than positive pointer years (1940, 1981). The climatic analysis of pointer years and their relationship to certain modes of the atmospheric circulation can provide a basis for the interpretation of similar distribution patterns of pointer years further back in the past.

Climatic changes on the Tibetan plateau during the last 2000 years derived from tree-ring studies - Bräuning, Achim (International Symposium Environmental Change in Central Asia: climate, geodynamics, evolution, human impact Berliner paläobiologische Abhandlungen, Bd. 2, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat

Climatic changes on the Tibetan Plateau indicated by tree-ring studies - Bräuning, Achim (Ergebnisse weltweiter ökologischer Forschung. Beiträge des 2. Symposiums der A.F.W. Schimperstiftung von H. und E. Walter. (Results of worldwide ecological studies. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of the A.F.W. Schimper-Foundation est. by H. und E. Walter.)., 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat

Climatic control of radial growth of Cedrela montana in a humid mountain rainforest in southern Ecuador - Bräuning, Achim; Volland, Franziska; Burchardt, Iris; Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo; Nauss, Thomas; Peters, Thorsten (Erdkunde, 2009)
Cedrela montana is a deciduous broad-leaved tree species growing in the humid mountain rainforests of southern Ecuador. High-resolution dendrometer data indicate a regular seasonal growth rhythm with cambial activity during January to April. Amplitudes of daily radial stem diameter variations are correlated with the amount of the maximum daily vapour pressure deficit. During humid periods, daily stem diameter variations are considerably smaller than during drier periods. This indicates that cambial activity is limited by available moisture even in such a very humid mountain climate. Wood ana-tomical studies on microcores show the formation of a marginal parenchyma band at the beginning of the growth period. This parenchyma band can be used to delineate annual growth rings. We were able to establish the first ring-width chronol-ogy from Cedrela montana which covers the time until 1840. However, the chronology is presently statistically robust back to 1910 only. Correlation functions calculated with NCEP/NCAR data indicate a significantly positive relationship of tree growth with temperatures during the growth period during January to April. However, only 8% of the growth variance is explained by this climatic factor. In the future, this relationship may be useful to reconstruct past temperature conditions of the study area.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.climat
Keywords: Cedrela montana; Dendrochronology; Dendrometer; Ecuador; Tree rings; Tropical mountain rain forest; Wood anatomy

Climatic controls and climate proxy potential of Lewis Glacier, Mt. Kenya - Prinz, Rainer; Nicholson, Lindsey I.; Mölg, Thomas; Gurgiser, Wolfgang; Kaser, Georg (Cryosphere, 2016)

Climatic forcing of xylem formation in Qilian juniper on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Wang, Zhangyong; Bräuning, Achim; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Oladi, Reza (Trees-Structure and Function, 2016)
Key message: Cambial activity of 100-year-old Qilian juniper trees initiated before the middle of May at an elevation of 3200 m a.s.l.; June and July were the main stem radial increment period. Around the middle of August, all xylem cell differentiation periods are completed. Precipitation or relative humidity is the main limiting factor for tree radial growth on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Abstract: Previous studies have found that annual tree-ring width series of Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) are mostly moisture controlled, irrespective of site elevation. Knowing precisely the cambial growth dynamics during a vegetation period can lead to a better understanding of the climatic factors driving regional tree growth patterns. We observed wood formation with micro-cores taken at weekly intervals from late April to early October 2013, and monitored daily stem radial changes with high-resolution electronic point dendrometers in 30-min intervals. Dormant cambium contained 5–6 cell layers in the cambium zone. Cambial activity initiated before the middle of May in all the monitored trees. About three quarters of the total cell production or radial growth formed during June and July. Lignification of secondary walls of new xylem cells continued from end of May to middle of August. After the middle of August, the cambium entered into the inactive period. Dendrometer measurements confirmed that June and July were the main stem radial increment period. Nonparametric Kendall’s Tau correlations indicate that daily relative humidity and precipitation significantly influence stem growth in May. No obvious relationships were detected in June. In July, significant negative influences of maximum temperature and positive effects of relative humidity prevailed. Overall, growing season precipitation or associated relative humidity is the limiting factor for tree stem radial increments on the intra-annual scale. Our results present a thorough understanding of Qilian juniper xylogenesis and its climate forcing within the whole growing season on the northeastern TP.
Keywords: Climate factors; Dendrometer measurements; Micro-coring method; Northeastern Tibetan Plateau; Sabina przewalskii Kom

Climatic influences on intra-annual stem radial variations and xylem formation of Toona ciliata at two Asian tropical forest sites with contrasting soil water availability - Kaewmano, Arisa; Fu, Pei Li; Fan, Ze Xin; Pumijumnong, Nathsuda; Zuidema, Pieter A.; Bräuning, Achim (Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2022)
Climate extremes will increasingly influence ecosystem productivity of tropical forests, but little is known about their effects on tree stem radial growth, a major component of forest productivity. To analyze the role of climatic drivers and local site differences on tree growth at sub-annual timescales, we studied the timing, magnitude and climatic drivers of stem growth and xylem formation at two tropical forest sites with contrasting soil water availability in southwestern China. We combined high-resolution point dendrometer recordings and microcoring to investigate intra-annual stem radius variation and xylem formation of Toona ciliata over three consecutive years (2018–2020). Stem radial increment of T. ciliata derived from dendrometer data showed distinct seasonal patterns, with growth mainly occurring during March to October. The start day of stem radial growth coincided with the occurrence of the cell enlarging phase, and its end day occurred concomitantly with the cessation of cell enlarging as identified from microcores. Toona ciliata trees at the tropical ravine rainforest site with higher soil water availability showed higher mean annual stem radial increment, higher daily growth rates, and longer duration of xylem productivity than that at the tropical karst forest site. Weekly stem radial growth rates increased with precipitation and air temperature at the wetter ravine rainforest site, while relative humidity had a positive effect at the drier karst forest site. Our findings indicate that drought stress advances and shortens the growing season for T. ciliata. Our study highlights the strong influence of soil water capacity mediating the impact of climate, so response to drought is site-specific, which should be considered in growth models.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-01
Keywords: Cambial activity; Climate responses; Karst; Point dendrometer; Tropical rainforest; Xylem cell differentiation

Climatic mass balance of the ice cap Vestfonna, Svalbard - a spatially distributed assessment using ERA-Interim and MODIS data - Möller, Marco; Finkelnburg, Roman; Braun, Matthias; Hock, Regine; Jonsell, Ulf; Pohjola, Veijo; Scherer, Dieter; Schneider, Christoph (Journal Geographical Research, 2011)
The ice cap Vestfonna in the northern Svalbard archipelago is one of the largest ice bodies of the European Arctic (∼2400 km2), but little is known about its mass balance. We model the climatic mass balance of the ice cap for the period September 2000 to August 2009 on a daily basis. Ablation is calculated by a spatially distributed temperature-radiation-index melt model. Air temperature forcing is provided by ERA-Interim data that is downscaled using data from an automatic weather station operated on the ice cap. Spatially distributed net shortwave radiation fluxes are obtained from standard trigonometric techniques combined with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-based cloud cover and surface albedo information. Accumulation is derived from ERA-Interim precipitation data that are bias corrected and spatially distributed as a function of elevation. Refreezing is incorporated using the Pmax approach. Results indicate that mass balance years are characterized by short ablation seasons (June to August) and correspondingly longer accumulation periods (September to May). The modeled, annual climatic mass balance rate shows an almost balanced mean of -0.02 ± 0.20 m w.e. yr-1 (meters water equivalent per year) with an associated equilibrium line altitude of 383 ± 54 m above sea level (mean one standard deviation). The mean ± winter balance is +0.32 ± 0.06 m w.e. yr-1, and the mean summer balance -0.35 ± 0.17 m w.e. yr-1. Roughly one fourth of total surface ablation is retained by refreezing indicating that refreezing is an important component of the mass budget of Vestfonna. Copyright © 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.climat

Climatic signals in stable carbon isotope ratios of Juniper and Oak tree rings from northern Iran - Foroozan, Zeynab; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Bräuning, Achim (Global and Planetary Change, 2018)
Stable isotope ratios in tree rings are increasingly used as palaeoclimatic archive and ecophysiological indicator. We used cross-dated tree-ring series from different tree functional types, i.e. the evergreen conifer Jmiperus polycarpus and the deciduous broadleaved Quercus macranthera. The samples were collected from Chaharbagh Gorgon forest in northern Iran, where oaks and junipers grow on north-facing and south-facing slopes, respectively. We extracted a-cellulose from the whole wood of annually separated tree rings and evaluated their potential for palaeoclimate reconstructions by examining the relationships between variations of delta C-13 in treering cellulose and climate parameters. Based on tree-ring delta C-13, we calculated intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and evaluated changes in water availability at the study site over the past 50 years. We found significant negative relationships between tree-ring delta C-13 values in oak and juniper and precipitation in April and spring (only in junipers), while no significant correlations of tree-ring delta C-13 with temperature occurred. A strong negative relationship between tree-ring delta C-13 and summer Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was found at the drier site, indicating that juniper growing on south-facing slopes is a better indicator of drought stress in semiarid environments. A continuous increase in iWUE in both species was observed. delta C-13 variations in both species reflect the combined influence of climate and local site conditions. The interplay between climatic conditions and species behavior determines the inter-annual delta C-,C-3 patterns of oak and juniper trees. Due to its more enriched mean delta C-13 (i.e., less negative average delta C-I3) and its higher climatic sensitivity, juniper is a more suitable proxy for paleoclimatic reconstructions in northern Iran.
Keywords: Stable carbon isotopes; Spring precipitation; Oak; Juniper; High-elevation site; Iran

Climatic turning point for beech and oak under climate change in Central Europe. - Mette, Tobias; Dolos, Klara; Meinardus, Cathrin; Bräuning, Achim; Reineking, Björn; Blaschke, Markus; Pretzsch, Hans; Beierkuhnlein, Carl; Gohlke, Andreas; Wellstein, Camilla (Ecosphere, 2013)
The growth behavior of coexisting tree species under climate change is important from an ecological, silvicultural and economic perspective. While many previous studies are concerned with climatic limits for species occurrence, we focus on climate related shifts in interspecific competition. A landmark for these changes in competition is the 'climatic turning point' (CTP): those climate conditions under which a rank reversal between key tree species occurs. Here, we used a common type of temperate mixed forest in Central Europe with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) to explore the CTP under a future climate projection of increasing temperature and aridity. We selected a dry region where the prerequisite of differential climate sensitivity in mixed beech-oak forests was fulfilled: In-situ dendrochronological analyses demonstrated that the currently more competitive beech was more drought sensitive than sessile oak. We then used two complementary forest growth models, namely SILVA and LandClim, to investigate the climate induced rank-reversal in species dominance and to quantify it as the CTP from beech to oak by simulating future forest development from the WETTREG 2010 A1B climate projection. Utilizing two models allowed us to draw conclusions robust against the assumptions of a particular model. Both models projected a CTP at a mean annual temperature of 11-12°C (July temperature. 18°C) and a precipitation sum of 500-530 mm. However, the change in tree species composition can exhibit a time-lag of several decades depending on past st and development and current st and structure. We conclude that the climatic turning point is a simple yet effective reference measure to study climate related changes in interspecific competition, and confirm the importance of competition sensitivity in climate change modeling.
Keywords: Climatic turning point; Competitiveness; Drought; Fagus sylvatica; Forest growth models; LandClim; Mixed forest; Quercus petraea; SILVA; Species rank reversal; Tree coexistence; Tree-ring analysis

Climatic types of water balances in the tropics - Peters, Thorsten (Tropical Forestry Handbook, 2014)
One of the most important climate criteria of the tropics is the absence of thermic seasons. Thus, hygric seasons become more relevant for ecosystem functioning and are of special importance for plant growth. Within this chapter different climate types of the tropics are discussed on the basis of their annual water budget. The humid climate type appears across the rain equator within or close to the ITCZ. It is distinguished by a clear water surplus and all months show a positive water balance in the long-term mean. The semi-humid climate type prevails at a certain distance from the Equator and the ITCZ. It is characterized by a distinct rainfall seasonality and the occurrence of more than 3 -4 arid months. In terms of the arid climate type the arid period is in general longer than the humid period and precipitation amounts decrease almost towards zero within the desert areas.

Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments - Conway, Jonathan P.; Abermann, Jakob; Andreassen, Liss M.; Azam, Mohd Farooq; Cullen, Nicolas J.; Fitzpatrick, Noel; Giesen, Rianne H.; Langley, Kirsty; Macdonell, Shelley; Mölg, Thomas; Radic, Valentina; Reijmer, Carleen H.; et al. (Cryosphere, 2022)
Clouds are an important component of the climate system, yet our understanding of how they directly and indirectly affect glacier melt in different climates is incomplete. Here we analyse high-quality datasets from 16 mountain glaciers in diverse climates around the globe to better understand how relationships between clouds and near-surface meteorology, radiation and surface energy balance vary. The seasonal cycle of cloud frequency varies markedly between mountain glacier sites. During the main melt season at each site, an increase in cloud cover is associated with increased vapour pressure and relative humidity, but relationships to wind speed are site specific. At colder sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season <0 degrees C), air temperature generally increases with increasing cloudiness, while for warmer sites (average near-surface air temperature in the melt season >> 0 degrees C), air temperature decreases with increasing cloudiness. At all sites, surface melt is more frequent in cloudy compared to clear-sky conditions. The proportion of melt from temperature-dependent energy fluxes (incoming longwave radiation, turbulent sensible heat and latent heat) also universally increases in cloudy conditions. However, cloud cover does not affect daily total melt in a universal way, with some sites showing increased melt energy during cloudy conditions and others decreased melt energy. The complex association of clouds with melt energy is not amenable to simple relationships due to many interacting physical processes (direct radiative forcing; surface albedo; and co-variance with temperature, humidity and wind) but is most closely related to the effect of clouds on net radiation. These results motivate the use of physics-based surface energy balance models for representing glacier-climate relationships in regional- and global-scale assessments of glacier response to climate change.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-09-09

Cluster analysis for the derivation of agents for ABMs in the context of an ageing , super-diverse population : a mixed-methods approach - Haacke, Hannah; Enssle, Friederike; Helbrecht, Ilse; Lakes, Tobia; Walker, Blake (AGILE 2018, 2018)
Across Europe,the population is simultaneously ageing andbecoming more socially diverse. However, the intersection between super-diversityand ageing has been largely absent from the literature, despite its importancefor urban and social planning. Agent-Based Modelling (ABM)comprises a commonly used method to simulateand analyse urban development in the context of demographic change, but suffers from high sensitivity to parameterisation.We therefore propose a mixed-methods approach to developing agents for the purpose of ABM, using hierarchical cluster analysis,expert interviews, and focus groups. Thequantitativeand qualitative results are compared and contrasted to derive empirical agents. A geospatial dataset is then used to explore the feasibility of assigning multimethod-derived agents to a ‘home location’. Ourstatistical results exhibited a high level of agreement with the qualitative analysis, while the derivation of agent locations presented some unique methodological challenges meriting further research. We conclude by asserting the utility of mixed-methods for deriving agents to be used in population modellin
Keywords: cluster analysis; data mining; Agent-Based Modelling; mixed-methods; super-diversity

COHESION AND RESILIENCE IN CZECH-GERMAN BORDER REGIONS: THE IMPACTS OF CRISES - Hippe, Stefan; Chilla, Tobias (Opportunities and Threats to Current Business Management in Cross‐border Comparison 2021, 2021)
The EU's cohesion policy aims at convergent development of the member states and their regions, including border regions. In consequence, cohesion trends are a prominent research object. However, the effects of crises and the role of resilience for border regions is a less prominent research object. Recent crises include the current pandemic, the refugee migration in 2015 and the financial crisis of post 2008. These crises put border regions in the focus of sensitive political discussions and raise questions on the convergence paths. Against this background, we combine the two concepts of cohesion and resilience at the example of the 2008 financial crisis at the example of Czech-German border regions. In addition, we position them in relation to other Czech border regions. Our argumentation is based on results from the project "Cohesion in border regions" (CoBo), which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.<br
Keywords: Regional economic resilience; border studies; cohesion; economic convergence; financial crisis

Cohesion as a multi-scalar challenge: The EU-wide perspective - Chilla, Tobias; Neufeld, Markus (New Geographies of Eastern and Central Europe, 2015)

Combination of common microscopic techniques and X-ray microtomography for wood anatomical analyses - Spannl, Susanne; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 14: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2015 Scientific Technical Report 16/04, GFZ Potsdam, 2016)

Combined view of various tree ring parameters from different forest habitats in Tibet for the reconstruction of seasonal aspects of Asian monsoon variability - Bräuning, Achim (The Palaeobotanist, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.combin

Combining Isomap ordination and imaging spectroscopy to map continuous floristic gradients in a heterogeneous landscape - Feilhauer, Hannes; Faude, Ulrike; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011)
Mapping requires a meaningful generalization of information. For vegetation maps, classification is frequently used to generalize the species composition of (semi-)natural plant assemblages. As an alternative to classification, ordination methods aim to extract major floristic gradients describing the prevailing compositional variation in a floristic data set as metric variables. This ability has been used previously to derive gradient maps of homogeneous landscapes that show plant species composition in continuous fields. In the present study, gradient mapping was used in a more heterogeneous landscape with intricate environmental gradients and higher variation in vegetation physiognomy. Since established ordination methods may have difficulties to cope with the highly variable plant species composition, we tested the novel method Isometric Feature Mapping (Isomap) against conventional methods (Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling). The resulting floristic gradients were related to hyperspectral imagery (HyMap) using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and subsequently mapped. Prediction uncertainties are provided as additional map. Isomap was able to preserve 74% of the original variation inherent to the floristic data set in a three-dimensional solution. This was considerably more than the established techniques achieved. The PLSR models for the floristic gradients extracted with Isomap showed model fits ranging from R =0.59 to R =0.73 in calibration and from R =0.55 to R =0.69 in tenfold cross-validation. The resulting gradient map provides detailed information on compositional vegetation patterns. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: Detrended correspondence analysis; Hyperspectral; Isometric feature mapping; Nonmetric multidimensional scaling; Partial least squares regression; Remote sensing; Species composition; Uncertainty; Vegetation

Combining ring width and stable-carbon isotopes of trees in a tropical lower montane forest of Southern Ecuador - Volland, Franziska; Bräuning, Achim (Islands in land- and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation, 2012)
In dendrochronology the use of stable-carbon isotopes is established as a complementary tool to reconstruct paleoclimate. In this context studies on stable-carbon isotopes and tree ring width of trees from tropical montane zones are still understudied. Therefore, our study examined annual stable-carbon isotopic pattern, ring width and climate conditions in a neotropical forest. As trees are living organisms they respond to environmental changes, which are revealed in the isotopic composition of the α-cellulose. Our first results from broadleaved deciduous trees (Cedrela montana) demonstrate the potential of δ13C values for climate reconstructions. We detected relations between climate, e.g. relative humidity, site conditions and tree growth. Tropical broadleaved deciduous tree species are able to achieve a stable-carbon isotopic signal in their annual rings under everwet conditions and show a good potential for paleoclimatic research. These results could help to identify and interpret extreme climate events (ENSO).

Combining wood anatomy and stable isotope variations in a 600-year multi-parameter climate reconstruction from Corsican black pine - Szymczak, Sonja; Hetzer, Timo; Bräuning, Achim; Joachimski, Michael; Leuschner, Hanns-Hubert; Kuhlemann, Joachim (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2014)
We present a new multi-parameter dataset from Corsican black pine growing on the island of Corsica in the Western Mediterranean basin covering the period AD 1410-2008. Wood parameters measured include tree-ring width, latewood width, earlywood width, cell lumen area, cell width, cell wall thickness, modelled wood density, as well as stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. We evaluated the relationships between different parameters and determined the value of the dataset for climate reconstructions. Correlation analyses revealed that carbon isotope ratios are influenced by cell parameters determining cell size, whereas oxygen isotope ratios are influenced by cell parameters determining the amount of transportable water in the xylem. A summer (June to August) precipitation reconstruction dating back to AD 1185 was established based on tree-ring width. No long-term trends or pronounced periods with extreme high/low precipitation are recorded in our reconstruction, indicating relatively stable moisture conditions over the entire time period. By comparing the precipitation reconstruction with a summer temperature reconstruction derived from the carbon isotope chronologies, we identified summers with extreme climate conditions, i.e. warm-dry, warm-wet, cold-dry and cold-wet. Extreme climate conditions during summer months were found to influence cell parameter characteristics. Cold-wet summers promote the production of broad latewood composed of wide and thin-walled tracheids, while warm-wet summers promote the production of latewood with small thick-walled cells. The presented dataset emphasizes the potential of multi-parameter wood analysis from one tree species over long time scales. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-14:Pub.2014.nat.dgeo.IGM.LG.combin
Keywords: Carbon isotopes; Climate reconstruction; Mediterranean; Oxygen isotopes; Pinus nigra; Tree ring anatomy

Comparability of Deep Learning Techniques for Calving Front Segmentation in SAR Imagery - Gourmelon, Nora; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (European Geoscience Union General Assembly 2023, 2023)

Comparison between the radial growth of Juniper (Juniperus polycarpos) and Oak (Quercus macranthera) trees in two sides of the Alborz Mountains in Chaharbagh region of Gorgan - Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Poursartip, Ladan; Bräuning, Achim; Parsapajouh, Davoud (Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 2009)
Keywords: Juniper; Oak; Climate; Precipitation; Temperature; Crossdating; Chronology; Dendrochronology

Comparison of climax and pioneer tree species in Munessa Forest (Ethiopia): Intra-annual isotope measurements (13C) after in situ 13CO2 labelling - Krepkowski, Julia; Bräuning, Achim; Shibistova, Olga; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Guggenberger, Georg (Islands in land- and seascape: The challenges of fragmentation, 2012)
Munessa Forest is a dry tropical mountain forest in the south-eastern part of Ethiopia. Two indigenous tree species of different life forms were selected to investigate differences in tree physiology and adaptation strategies on local seasonality of rainfall. Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) is a deciduous broadleaved tree growing up fast and light demanding in natural gaps. On the other hand Podocarpus falcatus (Podocarpaceae) is a shade tolerant evergreen conifer tree occupying the upperstory of the forest canopy as a climax species. After 13CO2 labelling within a whole tree labelling chamber at the end of long rainy season 2008 (October), wood samples (increment cores) were collected of labelled trees in March 2011. Furthermore, increment cores of unlabelled more or less same aged species were also analyzed for control. Depending on wood density, thin sections of 30 or 40 μm were cut of the increment cores with the help of rotation microtome (Leica) followed by carbon isotopes (δ13C) measurements of bulk wood. Results are discussed and compared to previous species-specific findings of dendrometer measurements.

Comparison of high-resolution climate proxies from the Tibetan Plateau and Scandinavia during the last millennium. - Linderholm, Hans W.; Bräuning, Achim (Quaternary international, 2006)
In this preliminary study, we compare two tree-ring width chronologies from the Tibetan Plateau and Scandinavia. At their altitudinal limit of distribution Juniperus tibetica (Tibet) and Pinus sylvestris (Scandinavia) are sensitive to climate variability, and both chronologies cover the last 1000 years. We used regional curve standardization (RCS) of the tree-ring data, to reveal growth variability on annual to centennial timescales. Both records showed similar evolution in tree-growth variability, on decadal and longer time scales, between c. 1100 and 1550. However, the tree-ring data indicated a gradually varying climate in Tibet compared to the more frequent oscillations seen in the Scandinavian record. The impact of the Medieval Warm Period is not clearly evident at either site. Tree growth was reduced during the Little Ice Age (LIA) both in Tibet and Scandinavia, but the timing and magnitude of the LIA differ between the two regions. In Tibet, unfavourable climate was inferred mainly between c. 1400 and 1550 and in the mid-17th century, while in Scandinavia harsh growth conditions prevailed more or less from the late 16th century to the early 20th century. Around 1550 the two chronologies diverge, and it is suggested that this was caused by a strengthening of the Asian monsoon. Warming in the 20th century is more pronounced in Scandinavia. In Tibet, tree growth is declining, which may be a response to a strengthening of the Asian summer monsoon during the last four centuries.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.compar

Comparison of whole wood and cellulose carbon and oxygen isotope series from Pinus nigra ssp. laricio (Corsica/France). - Szymczak, Sonja; Joachimski, Michael; Bräuning, Achim; Hetzer, Timo; Kuhlemann, Joachim (Dendrochronologia, 2011)
Stable isotopes in tree rings have widely been used for palaeoclimate reconstructions since tree rings record climatic information at annual resolution. However, various wood components or different parts of an annual tree-ring may differ in their isotopic compositions. Thus, sample preparation and subsequent laboratory analysis are crucial for the isotopic signal retained in the final tree-ring isotope series used for climate reconstruction and must therefore be considered for the interpretation of isotope–climate relationships. This study focuses on wood of Corsican Pine trees (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio) as this tree species allows to reconstruct the long-term climate evolution in the western Mediterranean. In a pilot study, we concentrated on methodological issues of sample preparation techniques in order to evaluate isotope records measured on pooled whole tree-ring cellulose and whole tree-ring bulk wood samples. We analysed 80-year long carbon and oxygen chronologies of Corsican Pine trees growing near the upper tree line on Corsica. Carbon and oxygen isotope records of whole tree-ring bulk wood and whole tree-ring cellulose from a pooled sample of 5 trees were correlated with the climate parameters monthly precipitation, temperature and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI). Results show that the offsets in carbon and oxygen isotopes of bulk wood and cellulose are not constant over time. Both isotopes correlate with climate parameters from late winter and summer. The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of cellulose are more sensitive to climatic variables than those of bulk wood. The results of this study imply that extraction of cellulose is a pre-requisite for the reconstruction of high-resolution climate records from stable isotope series of P. nigra ssp. laricio.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IGM.LG.compar
Keywords: Pinus nigra ssp. laricio; Corsica

Composition of Modern Dust and Holocene Aeolian Sediments in Archaeological Structures of the Southern Levant - Lucke, Bernhard; Sandler, Amir; Vanselow, Kim; Bruins, Hendrik J.; Abu-Jaber, Nizar; Bäumler, Rupert; Porat, Naomi; Kouki, Paula (Atmosphere, 2019)
Archaeological structures are often filled with sediments and may serve as effective dust traps. The physical parameters and chemical composition of archaeological soils in hilltop ruins, ancient runoff-collecting terraces, and cleanout spoils of cisterns were determined in the Petra region in southern Jordan and the Northern Negev in Israel. Different types of ruins are characterized by certain soil structures, but could not be distinguished with regard to substrate composition. This reflects a predominance of aeolian processes for primary sedimentation, while fluvial processes seem to only re-distribute aeolian material. In the Petra region, the physical and chemical properties of all archaeological soils show a significant local contribution from associated weathered rocks. Compared to modern settled dust, archaeological soils in Southern Jordan are enriched with various major and trace elements associated with clays and oxide coatings of fine silt particles. This seems connected with preferential fixation of silt and clay by surface crusts, and a role of moisture in sedimentation processes as calcareous silt was found to be deposited in greater amounts when associated with precipitation. In contrast, the contribution of rocks is negligible in the Negev due to greater rock hardness and abundant biological crusts that seal surfaces. Archaeological soils in the Negev are chemically similar to current settled dust, which consists of complex mixtures of local and remote sources, including significant portions of recycled material from paleosols. Archaeological soils are archives of Holocene dust sources and aeolian sedimentation processes, with accretion rates exceeding those of Pleistocene hilltop loess in the Negev. Comparison with Pleistocene paleosols suggests that dust sources did not change significantly, but disappearance of snow could have reduced dust accumulation during the Holocene.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2020-01-31

Conceptual Presuppositions on Migration and Place Attachment - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias (Report on Conceptual Frameworks on Migration Processes and Local Development in Rural and Mountain Areas (= Deliverable 2.4 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Conclusion: A virtual discussion about the quantitative revolution’s legacy for past, present, and future - Barnes, Trevor J.; Bergmann, Luke R.; Gyuris, Ferenc; Hannah, Matthew; Lamego, Mariana; Lira, Larissa Alves de; Meeteren, Michiel van; Michel, Boris; Orain, Olivier; Paulus, Katharina; Proto, Matteo; Ribeiro, Guilherme (Recalibrating the Quantitative Revolution in Geography, 2022)
This chapter presents a virtual discussion about the quantitative revolution's legacy for past, present, and future by various authors. This virtual discussion was written during a time when actual in-person discussions were difficult due to COVID-19 and when the notion of an in-person meeting, such as the workshop, seemed impossible. Auantitative methods should be employed as much as possible so that the results can be measured and compared. Each day, conclusions based exclusively on field observations and analysis of examples become more contested due to the high degree of subjectivism and the impossibility of measuring the degree of generalization of the examples taken. A place-based narrative on the arrival of the quantitative revolution among Brazilian geographers reveals the crucial role of an international network of human and nonhuman actors responsible for disseminating new theories, methods, and techniques in geographical investigations.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-11-04

Conditional Random Fields for Improving Deep Learning-based Glacier Calving Front Delineations - Gourmelon, Nora; Klink, Julian; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2023)

Confronting sustainable intensification with uncertainty and extreme values on smallholder tropical farms - Knoke, Thomas; Gosling, Elizabeth; Reith, Esther; Gerique, Andrés; Pohle, Perdita; Valle Carrion, Liz; Ochoa Moreno, Wilman Santiago; Castro, Luz Maria; Calvas, Baltazar; Hildebrandt, Patrick; Doellerer, Martin; Bastit, Felix; et al. (SUSTAIN SCI, 2022)
Sustainable intensification of agricultural lands might reconcile the conservation of tropical forest with food production, but in-depth assessments considering uncertainty and extreme values are missing. Uncertainty prohibits mapping probabilities to potential future states or ranking these states in terms of their likelihood. This in turn hampers the assessment of possible decision outcomes. Here, we use simulations to investigate how uncertainty may influence the social acceptability of alternative land-use strategies to halt tropical deforestation (including sustainable intensification), based on indicators representing farmer satisfaction. The results show how extreme values (worst values) for indicators of farmer satisfaction may undermine the adoption of sustainable intensification. We demonstrate that a pure forest conservation strategy leads to lower food production, but outperforms a sustainable intensification strategy that maintains food security. Pure forest conservation performed better, i.e., could secure higher farmer satisfaction, than sustainable intensification across a range of indicator groups. This suggests strong barriers to achieving sustainable intensification. Using agricultural subsidies breaks the dominance of pure forest conservation by enhancing the economic returns of sustainable intensification. We discuss the importance of access to labor and farmers’ preferences for the use of already cleared lands, which achieved the worst values under sustainable intensification and conclude that any assessment of land-use strategies requires careful consideration of uncertainty and extreme values.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-04-15
Keywords: Agricultural intensification; Farmer preferences; Land allocation; Multiple objective robust optimization; Off-farm income; Tropical deforestation

Constraining glacier elevation and mass changes in South America - Braun, Matthias; Malz, Philipp; Sommer, Christian; Farías Barahona, David; Sauter, Tobias; Casassa, Gino; Soruco, Alvaro; Skvarca, Pedro; Seehaus, Thorsten (Nature Climate Change, 2019)
Excluding the large ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica, glaciers in South America are large contributors to sea-level rise<a title="Marzeion, B., Kaser, G., Maussion, F. & Champollion, N. Limited influence of climate change mitigation on short-term glacier mass loss. Nat. Clim. Change 8, 305–308 (2018)." href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0375-7#ref-CR1">1. Their rates of mass loss, however, are poorly known. Here, using repeat bi-static synthetic aperture radar interferometry over the years 2000 to 2011/2015, we compute continent-wide, glacier-specific elevation and mass changes for 85% of the glacierized area of South America. Mass loss rate is calculated to be 19.43 ± 0.60 Gt a−1 from elevation changes above ground, sea or lake level, with an additional 3.06 ± 1.24 Gt a−1 from subaqueous ice mass loss not contributing to sea-level rise. The largest contributions come from the Patagonian icefields, where 83% mass loss occurs, largely from dynamic adjustments of large glaciers. These changes contribute 0.054 ± 0.002 mm a−1 to sea-level rise. In comparison with previous studies2, tropical and out-tropical glaciers — as well as those in Tierra del Fuego — show considerably less ice loss. These results provide basic information to calibrate and validate glacier-climate models and also for decision-makers in water resource management3</sup
Keywords: SAR; Interferometry; glacier elevation change; glacier mass balance; TanDEM-X; SRTM; Andes; South America; Patagonia; geodetic

Constructing and institutionalising ‚Sustainability’. The concept’s ‘relevance’ from the perspectives of economic and political geography. - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (AAG, 2006)

Construire une "nouvelle région transfrontalière - Représentations dun projet politique - Evrard, Estelle; Chilla, Tobias (Représentations du transfrontalier, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.constr

Contested Spatialities of Digital Sovereignty - Glasze, Georg; Cattaruzza, Amaël; Douzet, Frédérick; Dammann, Finn; Bertran, Marie-Gabrielle; Bômont, Clotilde; Braun, Matthias; Danet, Didier; Desforges, Alix; Géry, Aude; Grumbach, Stéphane; Hummel, Patrick; et al. (Geopolitics, 2023)
“Digital sovereignty” has become a buzzword in digital policies. Contrary to the imaginary of digital transformation as preceding an era of limitless global networking in the 1990s, approaches to state regulation and delimitation of data flows as well as programmes for national digital infrastructures are justified with calls for digital sovereignty across very different contexts. This forum brings together contributions from political geography, law, computer science, and ethics that compare and analyse discourses and practices of digital sovereignty. The case studies on Russia and the EU reveal parallels as well as fundamental differences in the conception and implementation of digital sovereignty. Essays on the challenges posed by new forms of cross-border interaction (such as cloud computing) and new actors (such as digital platforms) illustrate that the traditional coupling of concepts of sovereignty, territoriality and the state, of jurisdiction and borders, must be rethought. The essays in this forum thus make it clear that the digital transformation is not simply a socio-technical modernisation process. It is rather shaped in specific ways and should be understood and analysed as (geo)-political discourses and practices. The forum contributes to the development of a political digital geography that analyses how the digital transformation is contested and produced in specific ways and unearths the politics and spatialities conceived and produced in these discourses and practices.<br

Contextual HookFormer for Glacier Calving Front Segmentation - Wu, Fei; Gourmelon, Nora; Seehaus, Thorsten; Zhang, Jianlin; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2024)
Position changes in glacier calving fronts are important indicators for evaluating the health of ice sheet outlet glaciers and changes in ice dynamics. However, manual delineation of calving fronts in remote sensing imagery is a time-consuming task, resulting in potential large costs. Deep-learning-based methods have made remarkable progress in automatically segmenting and delineating glacier calving fronts from remote sensing imagery. The relatively few remote sensing images and the limited geometric changes for glacier observations both reduce the diversity of the data and exacerbate the difficulty in accurate segmentation. Here we describe a novel automatic method for detecting glacier calving fronts in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, termed HookFormer. Our approach processes high-resolution (target) and low-resolution (context) inputs with a unified transformer architecture. The global–local tokens from the context and the target branches are integrated purely by the proposed cross-attention mechanism and cross-interaction module to complement and enhance each other. Moreover, we redesign the HookFormer architecture based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) model AMD-HookNet aiming to improve computational efficiency while achieving significant performance gains with only half of the model parameters/FLOPs. We conduct an in-depth analysis and make extensive comparisons based on the challenging glacier segmentation benchmark dataset CaFFe. As the first pure transformer approach, HookFormer sets a new state of the art with a mean distance error (MDE) of 353m to the ground truth, outperforming the baseline, Swin-Unet, and AMD-HookNet by 53%, 39%, and 19%, respectively.<br

Continent wide monitoring of glacier surface elevation changes and glacer mass balances - Seehaus, Thorsten; Malz, Philipp; Sommer, Christian; Farías Barahona, David; Braun, Matthias (Proceedings of 2019 Big Data from Space, 2019)

Contrasting Meteorological Drivers of the Glacier Mass Balance Between the Karakoram and Central Himalaya - Bonekamp, Pleun N. J.; De Kok, Remco J.; Collier, Emily; Immerzeel, Walter W. (Frontiers in Earth Science, 2019)
There is strong variation in glacier mass balances in High Mountain Asia. Particularly interesting is the fact that glaciers are in equilibrium or even gaining mass in the Karakoram and Kunlun Shan ranges, which is in sharp contrast with the negative mass balances in the rest of High Mountain Asia. To understand this difference, an in-depth understanding of the meteorological drivers of the glacier mass balance is required. In this study, two catchments in contrasting climatic regions, one in the central Himalaya (Langtang) and one in the Karakoram (Shimshal), are modeled at 1 km grid spacing with the numerical atmospheric model WRF for the period of 2011-2013. Our results show that the accumulation and melt dynamics of both regions differ due to contrasting meteorological conditions. In Shimshal, 92% of the annual precipitation falls in the form of snow, in contrast with 42% in Langtang. In addition, 80% of the total snow falls above an altitude of 5000 m a.s.l, compared with 35% in Langtang. Another prominent contrast is that most of the annual snowfall falls between December and May (71%), compared with 52% in Langtang. The melt regimes are also different, with 41% less energy available for melt in Shimshal. The melt in the Karakoram is controlled by net shortwave radiation (r = 0.79 +/- 0.01) through the relatively low glacier albedo in summer, while net longwave radiation (clouds) dominates the energy balance in the Langtang region (r = 0.76 +/- 0.02). High amounts of snowfall and low melt rates result in a simulated positive glacier surface mass balance in Shimshal (+0.31 +/- 0.06 m w.e. year(-1)) for the study period, while little snowfall, and high melt rates lead to a negative mass balance in Langtang (-0.40 +/- 0.09 m w.e. year(-1)). The melt in Shimshal is highly variable between years, and is especially sensitive to summer snow events that reset the surface albedo. We conclude that understanding glacier mass balance anomalies requires quantification and insight into subtle shifts in the energy balance and accumulation regimes at high altitude and that the sensitivity of glaciers to climate change is regionally variable.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-06-28

Contribution of winter precipitation to tree growth persists until the late growing season in the Karakoram of northern Pakistan - Huang, Ru; Zhu, Haifeng; Liang, Eryuan; Bräuning, Achim; Zhong, Linhao; Xu, Chenxi; Feng, Xiaoyu; Asad, Fayaz; Sigdel, Shalik Ram; Li, Lingcheng; Grießinger, Jussi (Journal of Hydrology, 2022)
Identifying the influence of seasonal source water on tree growth is essential to understand the effect of climate change on forest dynamics. However, due to the lack of available long-term monitoring studies, little is known on how long moisture originating from winter precipitation influences tree growth in the following growing season. Herein, we developed a tree-ring latewood oxygen isotope (δ18OLW) chronology from the Karakoram (1955–2013) in northern Pakistan. We investigated whether winter climate signals are incorporated in the δ18OLW and how long winter precipitation through soil moisture contributed to tree growth during the growing season. Significant correlations were found between δ18OLW with both, winter to spring (January–May) temperature (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and summer (July–August) precipitation (Local: r = −0.38, p < 0.05; Moisture source region: r = −0.44, p < 0.05). As shown by the cross-spectrum and commonality analysis, the climate signals in the δ18OLW are frequency-dependent. Winter temperature signals stored in the δ18OLW variations dominate at low frequencies more than 7 years (59% variance explained), while the summer precipitation signals dominate variations with higher frequencies shorter than 7 years (47% variance explained). Further analysis using reanalysis data shows that the growing season soil moisture at root depth (10–40 cm) is more strongly related to winter precipitation than to summer rainfall. Winter precipitation formed as ground snow provides root-zone soil moisture and tree growth via snowmelt during the growing season. Our study highlights that winter precipitation is the dominant water source contributing to Karakoram tree growth until the late growing season. Given the possibility of a decrease in winter precipitation under climate change in the Karakoram region, local forest is potentially threatened by the declining water supply during the growing season.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-02-11
Keywords: Frequency dependence; Karakoram; Source water; Stable oxygen isotope; Tree ring latewood

Convergence and resilience in border regions - Hippe, Stefan; Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias (European Planning Studies, 2023)
Border regions have often been analyzed regarding cohesion and convergence. However, their development in times of crisis is a relatively new field of interest. This study combines convergence and resilience measurement and explores how both concepts relate. The empirical operationalization is a time series based on GDP trends since the financial crisis for all European border and non-border regions. Firstly, results show that border regions have a lower resistance than non-border regions, but they show a higher recoverability. This finding calls for policy reflections on how to improve short-term resistance in border regions. Secondly, the overall convergence trends are more positive in border regions than in non-border regions. This finding reflects a general catching-up process due to border liberalization and cohesion policy. Thirdly, the more convergent the national state, the more resilient its border regions tend to be. Finally, this study shows that border regions must be seen as territorial objects with high potential and often a strength, but short-term vulnerability is highly relevant.<br
Keywords: Border studies; border-regional resilience; convergence; crisis; resilience

Correlation between the oxygen isotope record from Dasuopu ice core and the Asian Southwest Monsoon during the last millennium. - Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Yao, Tandong; Davis, Mary E. (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2007)
Long high-resolution proxy records are valuable for understanding Asian Southwest Monsoon (ASM) dynamics on decadal to centennial timescales. A millennium long δ18O ice core record from the central Himalayas provides an opportunity to study the ASM variability on decadal to centennial timescales. The Dasuopu ice core δ18O record indicates that a relatively warm period corresponding with the Medieval Warm Period lasted from AD 1140s to 1390s, a notable warming trend is apparent from 1800s to 1990s, and several cool periods occurred between AD 1010-1130s, 1290-1330s, 1400-1460s, 1520s, 1590-1630s, 1740s, and 1770-1790s. Comparisons with other high-resolution monsoon proxy records from the Arabian Sea, south Oman, and southern China reveal a high correspondence between temperature changes in the central Himalayas and the ASM variability during the last 1000 years. A pronounced warming trend since AD 1670 coincides with an abrupt transition from a weak to a strong intensity of the ASM. The thermal conditions in the Himalayas and on the Tibetan Plateau and associated glacial boundary conditions may have been predominantly responsible for variations of the ASM intensity and for a latitudinal movement in the mean position of the ITCZ on decadal to centennial timescales.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.correl

COSIPY v1.3 – an open-source coupled snowpack and ice surface energy and mass balance model - Sauter, Tobias; Arndt, Anselm; Schneider, Christoph (Geoscientific Model Development, 2020)
Glacier changes are a vivid example of how environmental systems react to a changing climate. Distributed surface mass balance models, which translate the meteorological conditions on glaciers into local melting rates, help to attribute and detect glacier mass and volume responses to changes in the climate drivers. A well-calibrated model is a suitable test bed for sensitivity, detection, and attribution analyses for many scientific applications and often serves as a tool for quantifying the inherent uncertainties. Here, we present the open-source COupled Snowpack and Ice surface energy and mass balance model in PYthon (COSIPY), which provides a flexible and user-friendly framework for modeling distributed snow and glacier mass changes. The model has a modular structure so that the exchange of routines or parameterizations of physical processes is possible with little effort for the user. The framework consists of a computational kernel, which forms the runtime environment and takes care of the initialization, the input–output routines, and the parallelization, as well as the grid and data structures. This structure offers maximum flexibility without having to worry about the internal numerical flow. The adaptive subsurface scheme allows an efficient and fast calculation of the otherwise computationally demanding fundamental equations. The surface energy balance scheme uses established standard parameterizations for radiation as well as for the energy exchange between atmosphere and surface. The schemes are coupled by solving both surface energy balance and subsurface fluxes iteratively such that consistent surface skin temperature is returned at the interface. COSIPY uses a one-dimensional approach limited to the vertical fluxes of energy and matter but neglects any lateral processes. Accordingly, the model can be easily set up in parallel computational environments for calculating both energy balance and climatic surface mass balance of glacier surfaces based on flexible horizontal grids and with varying temporal resolution. The model is made available on a freely accessible site and can be used for non-profit purposes. Scientists are encouraged to actively participate in the extension and improvement of the model code.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-04

Country Report Germany - Weidinger, Tobias; Spenger, David (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Country Report Italy - Weidinger, Tobias; Bergamasco, Giulia (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Country Report Spain - Weidinger, Tobias (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Country Report Turkey - Weidinger, Tobias (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Country Report United Kingdom (with Focus on Scotland) - Spenger, David; Weidinger, Tobias (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Coupling ordination techniques and GAM to spatially predict vegetation assemblages along a climatic gradient in an ENSO-affected region of extremely high climate variability - Münchow, Jannes; Feilhauer, Hannes; Bräuning, Achim; Rodríguez, Eric Frank; Bayer, Fabian; Rodríguez, Rodolfo Arismendiz; von Wehrden, Henrik (Journal of Vegetation Science, 2013)
Questions: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a strong driver of climatic and ecosystem variability in coastal NW Peru. La Niña amplifies the already dry local conditions, and led to depleted ecosystems in 2011. However, the 2012 La Niña event triggered rainfall far above the average. (1) Did plant species diversity, primary productivity and vegetation assemblages change along a climatic gradient between two climatologically different La Niña years; (2) Is there a difference in explanatory power of environmental predictors between the 2 yr; and (iii) is it possible to predict the observed vegetation patterns spatially? Location: Transect along a climatic gradient in the Sechura Desert of Piura, NW Peru (corresponds to the terrestrial part of the El Niño region 1 + 2) - a region of extremely high climatic variability. Methods: We visited 50 30 m × 30 m randomly sampled plots in 2011 and 2012. A Procrustes analysis of two non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations provided information on the temporal change of species assemblages. Variation partitioning revealed the differences in explanatory power of the predictors. We employed a generalized additive model (GAM) to fit the scores of the first ordination axis with a floristic gradient map as a result. Results: Generally, higher rainfall resulted in a positive feedback when considering biodiversity, productivity and vegetation assemblages. The floristic gradient map resulting from the GAM displayed the spatial distribution of the three main assemblages along the climatic gradient. Edaphic variables added no independent portion to the explanation of the vegetation assemblages, but explained in conjunction with topography and NDVI a considerable amount of the variance. Conclusions: Strong Atlantic easterly winds crossing the Andes can boost plant growth even during a La Niña situation. This underscores the need for a deeper understanding of ENSO-related climate variability of ENSO. Combining vegetation maps with accurate predictions of such climatic anomalies would aid the effective execution of conservation and recovery strategies. Additionally, coupling an unconstrained ordination with a GAM appears to be a promising tool for vegetation mapping, especially in the presence of a non-linear gradient.
Keywords: Edaphic gradient; Multivariate statistics; Precipitation gradient; Species distribution; Tropical dry forest; Vegetation unit distribution

COVID-19 incidence in border regions: spatiotemporal patterns and border control measures - Chilla, Tobias; Große, Tim; Hippe, Stefan; Walker, Blake (Public Health, 2022)
Objectives: Among the few studies examining patterns of COVID-19 spread in border regions, findings are highly varied and partially contradictory. This study presents empirical results on the spatial and temporal dynamics of incidence in 10 European border regions. We identify geographical differences in incidence between border regions and inland regions, and we provide a heuristic to characterise spillover effects. Study design: Observational spatiotemporal analysis. Methods: Using 14-day incidence rates (04/2020 to 25/2021) for border regions around Germany, we delineate three pandemic ‘waves’ by the dates with the lowest recorded rates between peak incidence. We mapped COVID-19 incidence data at the finest spatial scale available and compared border regions’ incidence rates and trends to their nationwide values. The observed spatial and temporal patterns are then compared to the time and duration of border controls in the study area. Results: We observed both symmetry and asymmetry of incidence rates within border pairs, varying by country. Several asymmetrical border pairs feature temporal convergence, which is a plausible indicator for spillover dynamics. We thus derived a border incidence typology to characterise (1) symmetric border pairs, (2) asymmetric border pairs without spillover effects, and (3) asymmetric with spillover effects. In all groups, border control measures were enacted but appear to have been effective only in certain cases. Conclusions: The heuristic of border pairs provides a useful typology for highlighting combinations of spillover effects and border controls. We conclude that border control measures may only be effective if the timing and the combination with other non-pharmaceutical measures is appropriate.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-12-24
Keywords: Borders; COVID-19; Epidemiology; Geography; Public health

Crisis and conflict maps in the Web 2.0: A critical look at the new crisis and conflict maps - Michel, Boris; Bittner, Christian; Glasze, Georg; Turk, Catherine (Geographische Rundschau, 2011)

Crisis Mapping – Eine empirische Untersuchung zu Strukturen und Praktiken partizipativer Krisen- und Konfliktkartographien während der Umbrüche in Libyen und Syrien 2011-2013 - Schmitt, Michael; Gottschlich, Florian; Schäfer, Wolfgang; Turk, Catherine; Glasze, Georg (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2014)

Critical geopolitics als neue Perspektive der Politischen Geographie: Ein szenisches Spiel zum Elsass-Konflikt im 19. und 20. Jh. für den Erdkundeunterricht - Göpfert, Mirco; Glasze, Georg (Praxis Geographie, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.critic

Cross-border Commuting Dynamics: Patterns and Driving Forces in the Alpine Macro-region - Chilla, Tobias; Heugel, Anna (Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2019)
Cross-border commuting is a spatial phenomenon of rising importance throughout Europe. As one of the most concrete aspects of European integration, it facilitates the use of comparative advantages to live and work on different sides of national borders. But despite a general political appreciation of cross-border integration, neither the statistical knowledge base nor its political implications are very high on the agenda. We explore the cross-border commuting dynamics of the Alpine region on a transnational scale, where seven countries meet and cross-border commuting is a relevant pattern posing daily challenges. Against this background, the paper aims to identify the key drivers and explanatory factors of cross-border commuting. In particular, we explore the role of labor market differences, urbanization, and metropolitan quality as well as the distance to the border. Our investigation is based on regional statistical data mobilized in the context of the Alpine Region Preparatory Action Fund (ARPAF) project on cross-border mobility.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-12-20

Cross-border integration patterns in the context of domestic economic development : a case study of the Upper Rhine - Turner, Clara; Chilla, Tobias; Hippe, Stefan (Europa XXI, 2022)
Cross-border integration is assumed to promote European cohesion. Yet the relationships between different forms of integration and the social and political outcomes they supposedly promote vary. In this paper, we investigate forms of cross-border integration in the Upper Rhine, comparing patterns of functional integration (socioeconomic indicators) with patterns of organizational integration (network ties between economic development organizations). Using network analysis techniques and qualitative interview data, we find that both forms of integration are driven by the presence of economic differentials between countries, but that spatial patterns of functional integration differ from those of organizational integration. We propose a typology of potential relationships between regions that explains these differing patterns of integration, and highlights how economic development actors respond to the effects of economic differentials on their regional economies. In addition, we highlight complex relationships between organizational and functional integration, institutional integration, and structural context
Keywords: border regions; cohesion; cross-border integration; economic development; network analysis

Cross-border mobility: Rail or road? Space-time-lines as an evidence base for policy debates - Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias; Hippe, Stefan (Journal of Borderlands Studies, 2023)
Mobility and transport patterns in border regions are highly relevant topics, as these regions still tend to be areas of limited accessibility, embedded in complex political settings of transport policy. Moreover, the contemporary call for a transition to sustainable mobility applies also to border regions. Nevertheless, limited data availability and harmonization across borders hamper the debate. In this paper, we develop a methodological approach that builds on open-source data and allows for comparative analysis and visualization of cross-border mobility and accessibility. The key elements are “space-time-lines’, combined with an indexation approach. Our study aims to position the different means of transportation in border regions. More concretely speaking, we seek to answer three main questions: In which regional settings are rail or road connections quicker? Can we identify categories of accessibility patterns? How do domestic und cross-border accessibility relate? We respond to these questions with a rail and road accessibility analysis of German border regions from a comparative perspective. Our results show that (a) the catch-up process for cross-border accessibility is not yet complete and that (b) some regions show tunnel effects, as cross-border infrastructure improvements can bypass the border region in the local sense.
Created from Fastlane, Scopus look-up
Keywords: accessibility; border studies; car; mobility; train; Transport transition

Crystallization of ikaite and its pseudomorphic transformation into calcite: Raman spectroscopy evidence - Sánchez-Pastor, Nuria; Oehlerich, Markus; Astilleros, José Manuel; Kaliwoda, Melanie; Mayr, Christoph; Fernández-Díaz, Lurdes; Schmahl, Wolfgang (Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2016)

Cultural evolution and environmental change in Central Europe between 40 and 15 ka - Maier, A.; Stojakowits, P.; Mayr, Christoph; Pfeifer, S.; Preusser, F.; Zolitschka, B.; Anghelinu, M.; Bobak, D.; Duprat-Oualid, F.; Einwögerer, T.; Hambach, U.; Händel, M.; et al. (Quaternary international, 2020)
The role of environmental change in the evolution of cultural traits is a topic of long-standing scientific debate with strongly contrasting views. Major obstacles for assessing environmental impacts on the evolution of material culture are the fragmentary nature of archaeological and – to a somewhat lesser extent – geoscientific archives and the insufficient chronological resolution of these archives and related proxy data. Together these aspects are causing difficulties in data synchronization. By no means does this paper attempt to solve these issues, but rather aims at shifting the focus from demonstrating strict chains of causes and events to describing roughly contemporaneous developments by compiling and comparing existing evidence from archaeology and geosciences for the period between 40 and 15 ka in Central Europe. Analysis of the archaeological record identifies five instances at around 33, 29, 23.5, 19, and 16 ka, for which evidence suggests an increased speed of cultural evolution. By comparing data from different geoscientific archives, we discuss whether or not these instances have common characteristics. We stress that common characteristics per se are no proof of causality; repeated co-occurrences of certain features over long periods of time, however, suggest that certain explanations may be more plausible than others. While all five cases roughly coincide with pronounced and rapid environmental changes, it is also observed that such conditions do not necessarily trigger major changes in the material culture. Increases and decreases in the diversity of cultural traits seem to be rather correlated with the overall demographic development. In compiling and comparing our data, we also identify periods with high need and potential for future research regarding the relation between environmental change and cultural evolution.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-11-06
Keywords: Cultural diversity; Cultural evolution; Demography; Environment; Last Glacial Maximum; Projectiles

Culturally sensitive public health makes a difference: The HIV/AIDS disaster and beyond - Krüger, Fred; Geiselhart, Klaus; Schmitz, Peter (World Disasters Report 2014. Focus on culture and risk, 2014)
Cultures perceived as integral parts of fields of practices, as commitments, agendas and actions, may coexist in a local setting, but not necessarily in harmony. They may collide, or be contested or ignored, and people or organizations whose actions are framed by different cultures might suffer from the consequences of these contests. The example of HIV/AIDS-related research in Botswana is used to explain the implications this has for public health and to illustrate the perspective, in this chapter, of culture and health. Many individuals who work in public health and in disaster management, or who are directly affected by calamitous health-related events, have observed that, in public health and humanitarian assistance evolving around HIV/AIDS, local nurses and other medical personnel have a good understanding of the needs and hardship of those living with HIV and AIDS. They are, however, often restricted in their actions by conditions governed at higher levels of their institutions.
Keywords: HIV; AIDS; risk; culture; public health; traditional medicine; DRR

Cultures and Disasters: Understanding Cultural Framings in Disaster Risk Reduction - Krüger, Fred; Bankoff, Greg; Cannon, Terry; Orlowski, Benedikt Marko; Schipper, Lisa (Routledge, 2015)
Why did the people of the Zambesi Delta, affected by severe flooding, return early to their homes or even choose to not evacuate? How is the forced resettlement of small-scale farmers living along the foothills of an active volcano in the Philippines impacting on their day-to-day livelihood routines? Making sense of such questions and observations is only possible by understanding how the decision making of societies at risk is embedded in culture, and how intervention measures acknowledge, or neglect, cultural settings. The social construction of risk is being given increasing priority in the understanding of how people experience and prioritise hazards in their own lives and how vulnerability can be reduced, and resilience increased, at a local level. Cultures and Disasters adopts an interdisciplinary approach to explore the cultural dimension of disaster with contributions from leading international experts in the field. Section I provides a discussion of research in both theoretical and practical considerations to better understand the importance of culture in hazards and disaster management. Culture can be interpreted widely with many different perspectives; this enables us to critically consider the culturally-bound nature of research itself as well as the complexities of incorporating various interpretations into Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). If culture is omitted from consideration, related issues of adaptation, coping, intervention, knowledge and power relations cannot be fully grasped. Section II explores what aspects of culture shape resilience and how people use culture in everyday life to establish DRR practice. It looks at what constitutes a resilient culture and what role culture plays in a society’s decision making. It is natural for people to seek refuge in tried and trusted methods of disaster mitigation; however, cultural and belief systems are constantly evolving. How these coping strategies can be introduced into DRR therefore poses a challenging question. Finally, Section III examines the effectiveness of key scientific frameworks for understanding the role of culture in DRR and management. DRR includes a range of norms, and breaking these through improved cultural understanding will challenge established theoretical and empirical frameworks.

Current and Future Variations of Nutrient Depositions and Influences on Tree Growth - Rollenbeck, Rütger; Otte, Insa; Fabian, Peter; Wilcke, Wolfgang; Pucha Cofrep, Darwin; Bräuning, Achim; Bendix, Jörg (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, 2013)
Current nutrient deposition shows episodic variations which likely may impact the local nutrient cycle at the RBSF. Comparing analyses of deposition data during present-day atmospheric circulation and phases of high biomass burning in the Amazon, characteristic relationships between remote emissions and local deposition are determined. By using projections drawn from the special report on emission scenarios (SRES) in combination with a trajectory modeling tool, future nutrient deposition conditions of the mountain ecosystem are assessed. Observations of relations between climatic variables, current time series of nutrient deposition, and tree growth point to an impact of the remote fertilization effect of atmospheric matters, emitted primarily by human activities like biomass burning and agricultural and industrial sources. The increasing emissions in the future may have adverse effects on the ecosystem in the long run.

Current Cultural Services: Landscape History - Rodriguez, Fernando; Bräuning, Achim; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Behling, Hermann; Volland, Franziska (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, 2013)

Current Provisioning Ecosystem Services for the Local Population: Landscape Transformation, Food Production, and Plant Use - Pohle, Perdita; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; López Sandoval, María; Spohner, Regine (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Eduador, 2013)

Current provisioning services: Conservation, Management of natural Forests and Reforestation of Pastures - Weber, Michael; Stimm, Bernd; López Sandoval, María; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Pohle, Perdita; Hildebrandt, Patrick; Knoke, Thomas; Palomeque, Ximena; Calvas, Baltazar; Guenter, Sven; Aguirre, Nikolay; Kübler, Daniel (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, 2013)

Current Provisioning Services: Pasture Development and Use, Weeds (Bracken) and Management - Roos, Kristin; Bendix, Jörg; Curatola Fernández, Giulia; Adams, Julia; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Hamer, Ute; Hildebrandt, Patrick; Knoke, Thomas; Meyer, Hanna; Pohle, Perdita; Potthast, Karin; Thies, Boris; et al. (Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, 2013)

D 1 - unser Weg ins All / Hermann-Michael Hahn ; Günter Siefarth (Hrsg.). Braunschweig 1985 - Hübner, Thomas (1986)

Dampfloks in Franken. Stuttgart 2003 - Hübner, Thomas (2004)

Das Buch von der Energie / Text von Christine Wolfrum und Hans-Otto Wiebus. Ravensburg 1994 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

Das Dekonstruieren der web2.0 Karte. Vorschläge zur Analyse dynamischer und interaktiver Karten multipler und diffuser Autorenschaften - Bittner, Christian; Michel, Boris (Geo@web, 2013)
Keywords: Geoweb; Kritische Kartographie; Web 2.0-Kartographie

Das Echo des Urknalls : Kernfragen der modernen Kosmologie. München 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Das Einstein-Fenster : eine Reise in die Raumzeit. Hamburg 2005 - Hübner, Thomas (2005)

Das fränkische Gefühl : ein nörgelnd-humoristisch-melancholischer Reiseführer. Erfurt 2013 - Hübner, Thomas (2014)

Das Geheimnis der Planeten : Leben und Werk des grossen Astronomen Johannes Kepler. Stuttgart 1989 - Hübner, Thomas (1990)

Das Gehirn der Smart City - Das Fortleben kybernetischer Logiken im command and control center: das Beispiel Indien - Glasze, Georg; Eichenmüller, Christian; Münßinger, Max (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2021)
Ausgangspunkt des Beitrages ist die Beobachtung, dass sogenannte command and control center im Zuge von Smart-City-Vorhaben zu wichtigen Bausteinen der Stadtentwicklung werden – nicht nur in der von uns untersuchten „Smart City Mission“ in Indien, sondern weltweit. Die Idee der Vermessung, Lesbarmachung und Steuerung von Städten in einem zentralen Raum wird vielfach als neue und zeitgemäße Antwort auf die Herausforderungen der Städte im „digitalen Zeitalter“ präsentiert – nicht zuletzt von globalen Beratungsfirmen und lokalen Eliten. Wir zeigen, dass diese Ansätze auf Logiken aufbauen, die bereits in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts in der Kybernetik entworfen worden sind. Eine solche historische Einordnung ermöglicht es, die Übersetzungen und Materialisierungen dieser Logiken in spezifischen Kontexten sowie die dabei auftretenden Brüche herauszuarbeiten. Gleichzeitig trägt die Perspektive dazu bei, die von Technologieanbietern und Beratungsfirmen propagierte Alternativlosigkeit smarter Stadtentwicklungspolitik aufzubrechen und diese damit einer Kritik zugänglich zu mache

Das Geschäft mit beschütztem Wohnen - Glasze, Georg (2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.dasges

Das große Buch der Passagierflugzeuge / Günter Endres ... Stuttgart 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Das grosse Buch des Weltraums : vom Urknall bis zur Raumstation. Köln 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1991)

Das grosse Buch von Himmel und Erde / Burckhard Mönter ; Norbert Golluch. Ravensburg 1994 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

Das grosse Natur- und Technikbuch für Schüler / Charles Taylor ; Stephen Pople. Würzburg 1996 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Das Hubble-Universum : neue Bilder und Erkenntnisse / Daniel Fischer ; Hilmar Duerbeck. Basel 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Das Idealbild der involved community – zur (Re-)Produktion gesellschaftlicher Differenzierungen durch quartiersbezogene Stadtpolitiken am Beispiel des New Deal for Communities-Programms in Großbritannien. - Winkler, Jan; Zeddel, Annika; Bayer, Marius; Hahn-Hobeck, Nora; Glasze, Georg; Husseini de Araújo, Shadia; Weber, Florian (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2011)

Das ist Franken : Burgen, Weine, Dunkelwälder. Rheinbach 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2016)

"Das komplizierteste Glied unserer hochorganisierten Kulturlandschaft". Die Anfänge der quantitativ-theoretischen Wende und das Problem der Stadt. - Braun, Johann; Michel, Boris (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2019)
Der vorliegende Artikel begreift sich als Beitrag zu einer Wissenschaftsgeschichte der quantitativ-theoretischen Wende in der deutschsprachigen Geographie. Statt eines ideen- oder theoriegeschichtlichen Zugangs geht der Artikel dabei von der geographischen Auseinandersetzung mit „Stadt“ und der frühen Stadtgeographie aus. Wir möchten zeigen, wie die empirischen Gegenstände geographischer Forschung und Problematisierung neue Theoretisierungen und Denkweisen plausibler machten und dass es hilfreich ist, Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Geographie (auch) entlang dieser Objekte geographischer Forschung zu schreiben. Der neue empirische Gegenstand, der dazu beiträgt, quantitativ-theoretisches Denken plausibel zu machen und diesem zugleich Plausibilität verschaffte, so unsere These, ist die moderne Großstadt, ein Wissensobjekt und ein Problem, das erst sehr spät in den Blick geographischen Interesses rückte.<br
Keywords: Quantitative Revolution; Wissenschaftsgeschichte; Stadtgeographie; Deutschland

Das Konzept der "kulturellen Vielfalt" - Protektionismus oder Schutz vor kultureller Homogenisierung? - Glasze, Georg; Meyer, Aika (Facetten der Globalisierung: Zwischen Ökonomie, Politik und Kultur, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.daskon

Das Kosmosbuch vom Universum : Faszination, Erforschung, Wissen. Stuttgart 1991 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Das Kosmos-Buch vom Weltall. Stuttgart 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1993)

Das NASA-Protokoll : Erfolge und Niederlagen. Stuttgart 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1998)

Das neue Bild vom Sonnensystem. Stuttgart 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1992)

Das neue Guinness-Buch der Sterne / Patrick Moore ; Harro Zimmer. Frankfurt am Main 1993 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

Das Planungssystem Luxemburgs in der Synopse - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (Raumordnung in Luxemburg Aménagement du Territoire au Luxembourg, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.daspla

Das Planungssystem Luxemburgs. Instrumente und Institutionen - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (Raumordnung in Luxemburg Aménagement du Territoire au Luxembourg, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.daspla_1

Das Potenzial coralliner Rotalgen als SST-Proxy und für die Evaluierung globaler Klimamodelle: eine Fallstudie in Neuseeland - Kropac, Elena; Mölg, Thomas; Teichert, Sebastian (Tagungsband zur 39. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Klima, 2021)
Globale Klimamodelle (General Circulation Models; GCMs) sind das aktuell wichtigste Instrument der Klimawissenschaft, um Aussagen und Projektionen über das Klima der Zukunft zu treffen. Sie liefern zudem Daten-Input für regionale Atmosphärenmodelle, mithilfe derer der sog. „Klima-Impakt“ großräumiger Klimaänderungen auf regionaler und lokaler Ebene berechnet werden kann. Um möglichst akkurate Projektionen und Inputdaten zu gewährleisten, müssen GCMs bestmöglich mit Klimaaufzeichnungen der Vergangenheit evaluiert werden, wobei der Fokus auf der sog. "historischen Periode" von 1850 bis zur Gegenwart liegt. Die Evaluierung ist für den Zeitraum vor 1950, und insbesondere für die Südliche Hemisphäre, aufgrund der stark eingeschränkten Verfügbarkeit und Qualität von Beobachtungsdaten jedoch schwierig. Im Rahmen des im Februar 2021 angelaufenen Projekts „NZ-PROXY“ werden krustenbildende coralline Rotalgen (KCA) als Klimaindikatoren eingesetzt, um – analog zu dendrochronologischen Rekonstruktionen der terrestrischen Lufttemperatur – die Beobachtungszeitreihe der Meeresoberflächentemperatur (SST) in Neuseeland bis 1850 zu verlängern. KCA zeichnen sich im Vergleich zu anderen marinen Klima-Indikatoren u.a. durch ihre weltweite Verbreitung, zeitlich hochaufgelöste Information und relativ leichte Zugänglichkeit aus. Der mithilfe der KCA neu gewonnene, historische SSTDatensatz soll für die Evaluierung von GCMs in der Neuseelandregion verwendet werden und somit die Auswahl geeigneter GCM-Inputdatensätze für regionale Atmosphärenmodelle und die Verbesserung regionaler Klimamodellierung ermöglichen. Aufgrund seiner einzigartigen geographischen Lage ist Neuseeland von ozeanischer und atmosphärischer Klimavariabilität gleichermaßen beeinflusst; Variationen der SST schlagen sich dort auf einer Vielzahl von räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen nieder und sind bis hin zu Temperaturanomalien und Gletschermassenbilanzänderungen im Hochgebirge der Südlichen Alpen statistisch detektierbar. Eine korrekte Simulation der SST durch GCMs ist daher essentiell und kann im Rahmen der regionalen Modellierung dazu beitragen, die physikalischen Mechanismen zu entschlüsseln, die großräumige SST-Signale in lokale Klimaanomalien umwandeln. Im Vortrag werden der Forschungsansatz sowie erste Ergebnisse aus Laboranalysen und Modellierungen vorgestellt. <br

Das Solarkraftwerk NOORo in Marokko. Ein Beispiel für die regenerative Moderne in Ländern des Globalen Südens. - Schmitt, Thomas (Geographische Rundschau, 2018)
Keywords: Erneuerbare Energien; CSP; Marokko; Desertec; Geographische Energieforschung

Das Subjekt im politischen Diskurs zu „digitaler Souveränität“ - Pohle, Julia; Thüer, Leo; Dammann, Finn; Winkler, Jan (Handbuch Digitalisierung und politische Beteiligung, 2022)

Das subsaharische Afrika: Entwicklungsdynamiken, Herausforderungen, Lösungsversuche - Krüger, Fred; Drescher, Axel; Louis, Norman; Titz, Alexandra (Geographische Rundschau, 2019)
In recent years, the pace and multiplicity of development dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa has increased such that new explanatory approaches are needed to assess the spatial, economic and social transformation and propose adequate solutions to tackle poverty and vulnerability. Demographic scenarios indicate that Sub-Saharan societies will have to face a wide range of challenges in the coming decades. European development policies, Chinese economic intervention, or a new African urbanism serve as examples to highlight the diverse transformation that is currently affecting everyday livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-10
Keywords: Human Development Index (HDI); Globaler Süden; fragmentierende Entwicklung; HDI; Human Development Index

Das Superbuch der technischen Wunderwerke. Hildesheim 1992 - Hübner, Thomas (1993)

Das Superbuch vom Weltall. Würzburg 1995 - Hübner, Thomas (1996)

Das ultimative Science-fiction-Lexikon. Augsburg 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1998)

Das Weltall : Sterne, Planeten und Raumfahrt ; die Entdeckung des Universums. Hamburg 1988 - Hübner, Thomas (1989)

Das Weltall und ich : eine unterhaltsame Einführung in die neuen Wissenschaften von Mensch, Erde und Kosmos. Frankfurt am Main 1995 - Hübner, Thomas (1996)

Data collection guidelines (= Deliverable 2.5 of MATILDE project) - Dalla Torre, Cristina; Bona, Marzia; Bergamasco, Giulia; Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Membretti, Andrea (2020)

Decadal-scale precipitation variations in arid and semiarid zones of northen China during the last 500 years - Wang, Tao; Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Xia, Dunsheng (Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004)
Regional decadal precipitation reconstructions for the arid and semi-arid zones of northern China were established by the use of different palaeoclimate archives such as ice-cores, tree-rings, lake sediments and written historical documents. Local rainfall reconstructions from single sites were averaged to obtain regional precipitation records for western and eastern regions of an arid and semiarid zone of northern China, respectively. All established regional precipitation curves display 5 dry periods, each lasting about 50 years. Meanwhile, precipitation reconstructions show regional dissimilarities. During the last 500 years, the trends of precipitation change in the eastern arid region are basically consistent with those in the western and eastern regions of the semiarid zone. Precipitation variations in the western arid region are unique, showing significant local patterns of rainfall variability. Maximum entropy method (MEM) spectral estimates show that each regional precipitation series contains stationary century-scale periodicities of about 120 a. Singular spectrum analysis was applied to isolating the century-scale oscillation signals from the regional proxy precipitation series. Significant periods with wavelengths of 121.4a, 154.6a, 124.3a, 118.6a, 108.5a and 121.4a were found 26.56%, 26.44%, 28.87%, 18.67%, 33.48% and 34.04% of the variances of the original series for the western arid zone, the eastern arid zone, the whole arid zone, the western semiarid zone, the eastern semiarid zone and whole northern China, respectively.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.decada

Decoding a complex record of anthropogenic and natural impacts in the Lake of Cavazzo sediments, NE Italy - Polonia, Alina; Albertazzi, Sonia; Bellucci, Luca Giorgio; Bonetti, Carla; Bonetti, Jarbas; Giorgetti, Giulia; Giuliani, Silvia; Correa, Matthias López; Mayr, Christoph; Peruzza, Laura; Stanghellini, Giuseppe; Gasperini, Luca (Science of the Total Environment, 2021)
The Lake of Cavazzo is a natural, lacustrine basin in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy), which occupies a fluvio-glacial suspended valley of the Tagliamento river, at the southern front of the Alpine chain. The lake formed after the melting of major glacial tongues at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, and has been affected in recent years by natural and anthropogenic events, with economic, cultural and environmental consequences. According to local witnesses, the lake environment has changed dramatically after the 1950s, when the basin was connected to a hydroelectric power plant collecting waters from a wider catchment area, as it served as its final discharge basin. In this work, based on a densely-spaced grid of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles complemented by sediment cores, we analysed the uppermost lake stratigraphy, highlighting major changes occurring at a decadal scale. Our main purpose is to verify whether and how the lake sediments record the transition from pristine/natural to artificial conditions, as well as the effects of multiple natural impacts including the 1976–77 Friuli earthquake sequence. The results of our analysis suggest varying environmental conditions of the lake after the 1950s indicated by changing sediment mineralogy, increased deposition of allochthonous clastic sediments, and recurrent episodes of anoxic conditions at the lake's floor, likely triggered by hyperpycnal flows derived from the hydroelectric power plant discharges. We also observe that the effects of the 1976–77 seismic sequence are recorded in the lake as resedimented levels, likely due to shaking, in situ deformation, landslides, and turbidity currents. Our results stress the importance of lacustrine environments as efficient recorders of anthropogenic and natural events.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-18
Keywords: 1976 Friuli earthquakes; Carnia region; Eastern Alps; Hydroelectric power plant; Lacustrine seismo-turbidite

De/colonizing OpenStreetMap? Local mappers, humanitarian and commercial actors and the changing modes of collaborative mapping - Schröder-Bergen, Susanne; Glasze, Georg; Michel, Boris; Dammann, Finn (Geo Journal, 2022)
In its early days, the geodata and mapping project OpenStreetMap (OSM) was widely celebrated for opening up and “democratizing” the production of geographic knowledge. However, critical research highlights that the new socio-technical practices of collaborative mapping often also produce or reproduce patterns of exclusion, not least in the area of relative data density between the Global South and North. These findings notwithstanding, we consider it important to acknowledge the increasing number of contributions of geodata from regions outside the old European core of OSM. This expansion of geodata production in OSM is related to a diversification of OSM actors and socio-technical practices. While OSM has often been described as a crowd-based project bringing together thousands of individual craft mappers, our analysis of OSM metadata indicates new institutional actors are gaining relevance. These developments have not only resulted in new collaborations but also conflicts between local mapping communities and institutional actors. We interpret these processes in two ways. First, the expansion of mapping activities can be viewed as a decolonizing process, whereby quantitative differences in data density between the Global North and South are partly reduced and new groups of local mappers are empowered to produce geographic knowledge. Second, these new developments can also be understood as colonizing processes. The engagement of large commercial actors in OSM raises concerns that the project (and its local mappers) could be used as a new means of data extraction and that in particular new and diverse voices in the OSM community are marginalized by a fixation on economically exploitable, modernistic and universalistic epistemologies. However, this supposedly clear distinction should not obscure the fact that colonizing and decolonizing processes intertwine in complex ways.
Keywords: Critical cartography; OpenStreetMap; Volunteered geographic information; Local knowledge; Geoweb; Data extractivism; Digital commons

Deep learning based F-Mask alternative for Sentinel-2 images in polar regions - Seehaus, Thorsten; Nambiar, Kamal Gopikrishnan; Morgenshtern, Veniamin; Hochreuther, Philipp; Braun, Matthias (EGU General Assembly, 2021)
Screening clouds, cloud shadows, and snow is a critical pre-processing step that needs to be performed before any meaningful analysis can be done on satellite image data. The state of the art 'F-Mask' algorithm, which is based on multiple pixel-level threshold tests, segments the image into clear land, cloud, cloud shadow, snow, and water classes. However, we observe that the results of this algorithm are not very accurate in polar and tundra regions. The unavailability of labeled Sentinel-2 training datasets with these classes makes the traditional supervised machine learning techniques difficult to implement. Experiments with large, noisy training data on standard deep learning classification tasks like CIFAR-10 and ImageNet have shown neural networks learn clean labels faster than noisy labels. We present a multi-level self-learning approach that trains a model to perform semantic segmentation on Sentinel-2 L1C images. We use a large dataset with labels annotated using the F-mask algorithm for the training, and a small human-labeled dataset for validation. The validation dataset contains numerous examples where the F-mask classification would have given incorrect labels. At the first step, a deep neural network with a modified U-Net architecture is trained using a dataset automatically labeled with the F-mask algorithm. The performance on the validation dataset is used to select the best model from the step, which would then be used to generate more training labels from previously unseen data. In each of the subsequent steps, a new model is trained using the labels generated using the model from the previous step. The amount of data used for training increases with each step and the application of techniques like data augmentation and dropout improves the generalization of the trained model. We show that the final model from our approach can outperform its teacher, i.e. F-Mask algorithm.

Deformation and failure of the ice bridge on Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica - Humbert, Angelika; Gross, Dietmar; Müller, Ralf; Braun, Matthias; van der Wal, R. S. D.; van den Broeke, M. R.; Vaughan, D. G.; van de Berg, M. J. (Annals of Glaciology, 2010)
A narrow bridge of floating ice that connected the Wilkins Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to two confining islands eventually collapsed in early April 2009. In the month preceding the collapse, we observed deformation of the ice bridge by means of satellite imagery and from an in situ GPS station. TerraSAR-X images (acquired in stripmap mode) were used to compile a time series. The ice bridge bent most strongly in its narrowest part (westerly), while the northern end (near Charcot Island) shifted in a northeasterly direction. In the south, the ice bridge experienced compressive strain parallel to its long axis. GPS position data were acquired a little south of the narrowest part of the ice bridge from 19 January 2009. Analysis of these data showed both cyclic and monotonic components of motion. Meteorological data and re-analysis of the output of weather-prediction models indicated that easterly winds were responsible for the cyclic motion component. In particular, wind stress on the rough ice melange that occupied the area to the east exerted significant pressure on the ice bridge. The collapse of the ice bridge began with crack formation in the southern section parallel to the long axis of the ice bridge and led to shattering of the southern part. Ultimately, the narrowest part, only 900 m wide, ruptured. The formation of many small icebergs released energy of >125 × 106 J.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.deform

Delineation of Spatial Variability in the Temperature–Mortality Relationship on Extremely Hot Days in Greater Vancouver, Canada - Hung Chak, Ho; Knudby, Anders J.; Walker, Blake; Henderson, Sarah B. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2017)
Background: Climate change has increased the frequency and intensity of extremely hot weather. The health risks associated with extemely hot weather are not uniform across affected areas owing to variability in heat exposure and social vulnerability, but these differences are challenging to map with precision. Objectives: We developed a spatially and temporally stratified case-crossover approach for delineation of areas with higher and lower risks of mortality on extremely hot days and applied this approach in greater Vancouver, Canada. Methods: Records of all deaths with an extremely hot day as a case day or a control day were extracted from an administrative vital statistics database spanning the years of 1998–2014. Three heat exposure and 11 social vulnerability variables were assigned at the residential location of each decedent. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio for a 1°C increase in daily mean temperature at a fixed site with an interaction term for decedents living above and below different values of the spatial variables. Results: The heat exposure and social vulnerability variables with the strongest spatially stratified results were the apparent temperature and the labor nonparticipation rate, respectively. Areas at higher risk had values ≥ 34.4°C for the maximum apparent temperature and ≥ 60% of the population neither employed nor looking for work. These variables were combined in a composite index to quantify their interaction and to enhance visualization of high-risk areas. Conclusions: Our methods provide a data-driven framework for spatial delineation of the temperature-–mortality relationship by heat exposure and social vulnerability. The results can be used to map and target the most vulnerable areas for public health intervention. Citation: Ho HC, Knudby A, Walker BB, Henderson SB. 2017. Delineation of spatial variability in the temperature–mortality relationship on extremely hot days in greater Vancouver, Canada. Environ Health Perspect 125:66–75; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP224

“dendRoAnalyst”: A tool for processing and analysing dendrometer data - Aryal, Sugam; Häusser, Martin; Grießinger, Jussi; Fan, Zexin; Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologia, 2020)
Dendrometers are vital tools for studying the response of trees to intra-annual environmental changes in different temporal resolutions, ranging from hourly, daily to weekly time resolution. Dendrometers are increasingly used in forest management and tree physiological studies. Besides the data analysis, data processing is also challenging, time-consuming and potentially error-prone due to the immense number of measurements generated by self-registering electronic dendrometers. We present the package ‘dendRoAnalyst’ based on R statistical software to process and analyse dendrometer data using various approaches. This package offers algorithms for handling and pre-cleaning of dendrometer data before the application of subsequent data analytical steps. This includes identifying and erasing artefacts in dendrometer datasets not related to actual stem circumference change, identifying data gaps within records, and the possibility of change(s) in temporal resolution. Furthermore, the package can calculate different daily statistics of dendrometer data, including the daily amplitude of tree growth. The package dendRoAnalyst is therefore intended to facilitate researchers with a collection of functions for handling and analysing dendrometer data.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-23
Keywords: Dendrometer; R-package; Stem-cycle approach; Stem-variation analysis; Tree-growth monitoring; Zero-growth approach

Dendrochronological analysis of urban trees: climatic response and impact of drought on frequently used tree species - Gillner, Sten; Bräuning, Achim; Roloff, Andreas (Trees-Structure and Function, 2014)
Key message Distinct species-specific differences were found in the response to temperature, precipitation and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index that are confirmed by pointer year analyzes and superposed epoch analyzes. Abstract Trees in urban environments are exposed to heat stress, low air humidity and soil drought. The increasing temperatures and the more frequent heat and drought events will intensify the stress level of urban trees. We applied a dendrochronological approach to evaluate the species-specific suitability under increasing risk of drought of five tree species at highly sealed urban sites in the city of Dresden (Germany). Climate-growth correlation analyses show that temperatures and water availability from April to July in the current year and in summer and autumn of the previous year are the main determining factors for radial growth. However, distinct species-specific differences were found in the response to temperature, precipitation and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index. During the study period, the influence of temperature and drought on radial growth during summer months increases for Acer platanoides and Acer pseudoplatanus, whereas no changes occurred for Quercus petraea, Quercus rubra, and P. × hispanica. Pointer year analysis and superposed epoch analyses revealed a species-specific response to extreme climatic events. While for A. platanoides and A. pseudoplatanus a higher number of negative pointer years and significant growth declines in drought years were found, Q. petraea and Q. rubra showed more frequent positive pointer years but no significant growth reductions during drought. Based on these response patterns we classified the studied tree species according to their suitability and drought tolerance for urban sites.
Keywords: Climate-growth; Drought; Pointer years; Superposed epoch analyzes; Urban tree species

Dendrochronologie in der Schule - sinnvoll und möglich - Bräuning, Achim; Kaminske, Volker (Der mathematische und naturwissenschaftliche Unterricht, 2006)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro
Keywords: Unterrichtsmaterial; Baum; Biologie; Biologieunterricht; Jahresring; Dendrologie; Bestimmung; Naturwissenschaften; Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht; Chronologie; Alter; Anwendung; Bedeutung

Dendrochronologische Untersuchungen an osttibetischen Waldgrenzstandorten - Bräuning, Achim (Göttinger Geographische Abhandlungen, 1994)

Dendrochronology for the last 1400 years in eastern Tibet - Bräuning, Achim (Geo Journal, 1994)
Twentyfour tree-ring chronologies of various tree-species (Picea, Abies, Larix, Juniperus) from sites near the upper timberline in eastern Tibet were established, the longest one dating back to 620 A.D. A new classification of pointer intervals is presented, distinguishing between different kinds of signatures in a tree-ring series and amount of growth change in relation to the previous year. The various types of signatures can be related to meteorological events like cold winters and summers, summer drought or to recreation reactions after years of reduced growth. The distribution pattern and type of pointer intervals combined with ring width variation enables the detection of periods of favourable or unfavourable growth conditions with regard to climate history. Based on far-distance correlations and signature analysis regions of similar tree-growth are mapped out.

Dendrochronology in the dry tropics: the Ethiopian case. - Wils, Tommy H. G.; Sass-Klaassen, Ute G. W.; Eshetu, Zewdu; Bräuning, Achim; Gebrekirstos, Aster; Couralet, Camille; Robertson, Iain; Touchan, Ramzi; Koprowski, Marcin; Conway, Declan; Briffa, Keith R.; Beeckman, Hans (Trees-Structure and Function, 2011)
Dendrochronology is developing outside temperate and boreal regions. Over the past decade substantial progress has been made in Mediterranean and wet tropical regions. However, research in dry tropical regions, notably those of sub-Saharan Africa, has remained fragmentary. Here, we try to identify the unique challenges and opportunities of dendrochronology in the dry tropics. First, we briefly review the status of dendrochronology outside temperate and boreal regions with an emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa. Subsequently, we focus upon one of those areas where dendrochronology in the dry tropics is at the forefront of scientific advance: Ethiopia. A detailed review of tree ring studies in the lowlands and highlands highlights the complexity of ring formation and made us identify four major types of growth ring expression: anatomically not distinct rings, multiple rings per year, annual rings and multiple missing rings. This complex tree growth behaviour is associated with large-scale variations in precipitation regime (unimodal to multimodal) and relatively small-scale variations in tree sensitivity to water availability. Literature results are used to develop a scheme that can be used to predict differences in growth ring formation along gradients in these two factors. Because of the exceptional growth sensitivity of and the importance of local site conditions (topography, biological factors, etc.) for most trees sampled, those growing at the limits of their ecological amplitude are prone to possess multiple rings per year or multiple missing rings. In such circumstances, site selection should not always take place at the limits of the ecological amplitude of a species, but may sometimes have to be diverted to more mesic environments. Successful studies are now appearing, such as those reporting correlations between tree ring chronologies and Blue Nile river flows.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro
Keywords: Acacia; Juniperus procera; Ring formation; Tree rings; Wood anatomy

Dendroclimatic reconstruction of May–June maximum temperatures in the central Zagros Mountains, western Iran - Arsalani, Mohsen; Azizi, Ghasem; Bräuning, Achim (International Journal of Climatology, 2015)
Long-term instrumental records that provide estimates about the natural range of long-term climate fluctuation are lacking in Iran. Ring-width chronologies were developed from two oak sites in the central Zagros Mountains, dating back to 1705 A.D. Due to high correlations between the local site chronologies, a mean regional chronology (RC) was calculated. Correlations with regionalized climate data showed significant negative correlations with maximum temperature in December of the previous year and February, May, June and August of the current year. However, May–June maximum temperatures of the current growing season showed the highest negative correlation coefficient with regional tree growth patterns. Based on this relationship, maximum temperature of May–June was reconstructed over the last 170 years (1840–2010). The average length of cold periods was shorter than that of warm periods. Further sampling may allow the analysis of long-term climatic trends in this region.

Dendroclimatological potential of drought-sensitive tree stands in Southern Tibet for the reconstruction of the monsoonal activity. - Bräuning, Achim (Iawa Journal, 1999)
Southem Tibet is influenced by the Asian summer monsoon which causes 70-80% of the annual precipitation to fall between June and August, showing a steep gradient from east to west. Teleconnections between the tree-ring chronologies of a sampling network have demonstrated a distinct dendroecological region in the catchment area of the Yarlung Tsangpo river, where tree growth is mainly limited by summer precipitation. Ring width at these sites is strongly correlated to late summer (August to October) precipitation of the year prior to growth, indicating that the trees bear a high potential for the reconstruction of the rainfall variability at the northwestem fringe of the monsoonal regime. Light rings and other wood anatomical features like intra-annual growth bands can be observed in the westernmost stands of Pinus densata. If these growth bands occur in the earlywood of the tree ring, they can be explained by cold events during spring; ifthey are located in the transition zone between earlywood and latewood, they are caused by dry conditions during May and especially June, which points to a delayed arrival of the moist monsoonal air masses in southem Tibet in the corresponding years.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-05:Pub.1999.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro
Keywords: Conifers; Dendroclimatology; Intra-annual density fluctuations; Monsoon; Tibetan plateau

Dendroecological analysis of vegetation dynamics on abandoned heath lands in the Svabian Jura, southern Germany - Wegst, Markus; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 2: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2003 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 44, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro

Dendroecological interpretation of archaeological woods from High Asia - Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologie, -typologie, -ökologie. Festschrift für André Billamboz zum 65. Geburtstag., 2013)

Dendroecological investigations in Tibet - Bräuning, Achim (Ergebnisse weltweiter ökologischer Forschung. Beiträge des 1. Symposiums der A.F.W. Schimperstiftung von H. und E. Walter. (Results of worldwide ecological studies. Proceedings of the 1st Symposium of the A.F.W. Schimper-Foundation.), 2000)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro

Dendroecological investigations on mountain bog pine (Pinus rotundata Link) in a peat bog in southwestern Germany - Bräuning, Achim; Sobania, Iris (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 1: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2002 Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich, Reihe Umwelt, Vol. 33, 2003)
Increment cores of 200 mountain bog pines (Pinus rotundata Link) were collected in five sample plots along a hydrological gradient in a peat bog in Upper Swabia, Southwest Germany. The aim of the study is a dendroecological characterization of mountain bog pine growing on sites showing different qualities to provide a better understanding of environmental signals enclosed in fossil wood of bog pines excavated in archaeological sites. Beside ring width, wood anatomical features like traumatic tissue, intraannual density fluctuations, compression wood and the occurrence of tangential resin ducts were registered. Traumatic tissue more frequently occurs at the moistest site which carries an open stand of bog pine, while other wood anatomical features do not reveal any pronounced differences among the sites. Cumulated growth rates calculated from ring-width measurements are smallest at the moistest site and largest at the driest site, but do not differ markedly at the three intermediate sites. A combination of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), mean sensitivity (MS) and mean correlation (MCor) also reveals a clear separation of the trees growing at the driest and moistest sites, respectively. Future studies will search for a climatological interpretation of wood anatomical anomalies and pointer years derived from ring-width chronologies.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.vergle

Dendroecological Perspectives on Climate Change on the Southern Tibetan Plateau - Bräuning, Achim; Grießinger, Jussi; Hochreuther, Philipp; Wernicke, Jakob (Climate Change, Glacier Response, and Vegetation Dynamics in the Himalaya. Contributions Toward Future Earth Initiatives., 2016)
Tree rings are indicators of historic environmental changes and plant response to past and current climate change. Summer temperature reconstructions from maximum latewood density on the southeastern Tibetan plateau (TP) for the past 600 years revealed cool summer temperatures between ca. 1580 and 1790 A.D., corresponding to the “Little Ice Age (LIA).” This period was characterized by several glacier advance periods, with a maximum glacier extent ending around 1740–1780 A.D. and smaller readvance phases during the early nineteenth to late nineteenth century. Stable carbon isotope analyses of tree-ring cellulose indicate species-specific ecophysiological response patterns of trees to environmental conditions related to enhanced atmospheric CO2 levels and drier site conditions which might affect future forest composition. Spatial patterns of altitudinal changes of climate-growth relationships indicate the dominance of different growth-limiting factors in different regions of the TP. In semiarid regions along the western distribution limit of forests, moisture availability during the growing season is most relevant for growth of juniper tree species even in high altitudes. In contrast, warmer temperatures have a stimulating effect on radial growth close to the upper tree limit on the humid eastern TP. These findings are corroborated by first studies of cambial phenology, indicating a stimulating influence of early growing season temperatures on cell formation. In the dry northeastern TP, wet conditions during the main growing season in June are favorable for radial growth. Due to the low number of studies and a long history of human impact on forests, a climate-driven upward shift of the upper tree limit cannot yet clearly be stated. Tree-ring analyses on long-living dwarf shrubs may increase the potential for dendrochronological climate reconstructions beyond the upper limit of tree growth on the TP.
Keywords: Tibetan plateau; Climate reconstruction; Tree rings; Stable isotopes; Dendroecology; Glacier history

Dendroecological Studies on the Tibetan Plateau - Implications of relict Juniper Forests for Climate Change and Cultural History. - Bräuning, Achim (Geographische Rundschau International Edition, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro

Dendroecology in Asia - Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2013)

Dendroecology of dwarf shrubs in the high mountains of Norway - A methodological approach. - Bär, Annette; Bräuning, Achim; Löffler, Jörg (Dendrochronologia, 2006)
Dwarf shrubs cover large areas above the upper tree line in mountain areas. Their potential for dendroecological analyses has not yet been explored comprehensively. In order to study the growth reactions of dwarf shrubs on the impact of environmental factors the ring widths of Empetrum hermaphroditum were measured. We analysed dwarf shrubs along micro-topographic and altitudinal gradients in the continental Norwegian Scandes. Beside ring width, basal area increments were measured and serial sectioning was implemented to evaluate growth variability and cross-dating reliability. E. hermaphroditum shows highly individual growth histories. Thus, cross-dating of growth curves is restricted to several radii within an individual and to mean curves of individuals growing at the same micro-site. Wedging rings and missing rings as well as eccentricity and asymmetric geometry of the stem constrict the synchronisation of growth curves. However, varying micro-site conditions are clearly reflected by differences in the mean growth rates and the frequency of frost rings.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.dendro_1
Keywords: Altitudinal gradients; Basal area increments; Empetrum hermaphroditum; Micro-topography; Serial sectioning; Tree-ring structure

Den Main entlang durch das fränkische Schichtstufenland / Gerd Geyer & Hermann Schmidt-Kaler. München 2009 - Hübner, Thomas (2009)

Der andere Blick – Gedanken an Nürnberg aus der Perspektive unerwarteter Bilder - Pingold, Markus; Wagenseil, Carola (Der Bayerische Schulgeograph, 2012)

Der Arbeitskreis "polargeodäsie und Glaziologie" - Scheinert, Mirko; Mayer, Christoph; Horwath, Martin; Braun, Matthias; Wendt, Anja; Steinhage, Daniel (Polarforschung, 2021)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-06-25

Der Ausflugs-Verführer Bierfranken. Teil 2: 30 neue Touren für Genießer. Cadolzburg 2011 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Der Ausflugs-Verführer Franken : 37 Touren für Genießer. Cadolzburg 2010 - Hübner, Thomas (2010)

Der Ausflugs-Verführer Fränkisches Seenland : Freizeittouren für Genießer / von Gisela Lipsky, Barbara Neukam und Uwe Ritzer. Cadolzburg 2006 - Hübner, Thomas (2006)

Der Chilwa-See in Malawi: Seine ökologischen Probleme und deren soziale Auswirkungen - Chiotha, Sosten; Likongwe, Patrick; Drescher, Axel (Geographische Rundschau, 2019)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-12-10

Der Club und Quartiersfußballvereine - Adler, Stephan; Biechele, Christian (Der Nürnberg Atlas - Vielfalt und Wandel der Stadt im Kartenbild, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.derclu

Der dreifache Urknall : Leben und Evolution auf der Erde durch kosmische Gewalt - Big Bang, Sternexplosionen und Kometeneinschläge / Philip M. Dauber ; Richard A. Muller. Bern 1999 - Hübner, Thomas (2000)

Der Einfluss von Klima und Klimavariabilität auf die vaskulare Pflanzenvielfalt in Süd-Ecuador - Peters, Thorsten (Arbeitskreis Hochgebirge, 2014)