Overview chapter on factors of soil formation - Bäumler, Rupert; Oliver, Margaret A; Stockmann, Uta (Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2023)
Dokuchaev first introduced formally the concept of factors of soil formation, which act and interact at different spatial and temporal scales. This chapter provides an overview of these factors, which is followed by chapters on most of the specific factors. Climate has a major effect on soil formation because it affects the weathering of rocks and the mineral soil, and vegetation and organisms, which play a major role in changing rocks and sediments to soil. Parent material underpins soil particle-size distribution, chemistry and physics. Relief affects soil hydrology and human use of the soil. Finally, human influence on soil formation has now been recognized as a factor.<br
Keywords: Biota; Climate; Human activities; Parent material; Relief; Soil forming factors; Time

Oxygen isotope ratios (18O/16O) of hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers in plants, soils and sediments as paleoclimate proxy I: Insight from a climate chamber experiment - Zech, Michael; Mayr, Christoph; Tuthorn, Mario; Leiber-Sauheitl, Katharina; Glaser, Bruno (Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2014)

Oxygen isotope ratios of chironomids, aquatic macrophytes and ostracods for lake-water isotopic reconstructions - Results of a calibration study in Patagonia - Mayr, Christoph; Laprida, Cecilia; Lücke, Andreas; Martìn, Rodrigo; Massaferro, Julieta; Ramón-Mercau, Josefina; Wissel, Holger (Journal of Hydrology, 2015)
Oxygen stable isotopes (δ18O) of biogenic sedimentary components from lake sediment archives, such as ostracod valves, are frequently used for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. However, the effects of host water isotope changes, temperature-dependent fractionations, and vital effects on the isotopic ratios of such biogenic proxies often cannot be disentangled. Here, δ18O values of ostracod valves, head capsules of chironomid larvae and aquatic macrophyte cellulose from various lake and stream sites in southern Patagonia (41–52°S) are compared with δ18O values of their host waters. The best correlation between δ18O values of bioproxy and host water was obtained for aquatic cellulose exhibiting a slope of the regression of almost unity. Chironomid head capsules showed a strong correlation, but the data set was rather small (seven sites). The δ18O values of ostracod valves showed strong inter-specific vital effects. Strong offsets of ostracod values from isotopic equilibrium are possibly explained by re-working of subfossil valves, seasonality effects or different chemical composition of host waters. A weak, but significant temperature dependency of oxygen isotope fractionation was observed for cellulose of one aquatic taxon (Myriophyllum) and for ostracod calcite, but not for chironomids and aquatic moss cellulose. The present dataset suggests that δ18O values of aquatic cellulose are the most reliable proxy for host water isotope reconstructions, but clearly more investigations are needed to substantiate this finding.

Oxygen isotopes in tree rings of Cedrela odorata L. as an indicator of hydroclimate variations in a seasonally dry tropical forest in northeastern Brazil - Pagotto, Mariana Alves; Nunes Menezes, Itallo Romany; Costa, Clayane Matos; Lisi, Claudio Sergio; Bräuning, Achim (Trees-Structure and Function, 2021)
In seasonally dry tropical environments, natural archives of isotopes present in cellulose of tree rings can be used to study changes in the hydrological cycle. We investigated the stable oxygen isotope ratios in tree-ring cellulose (delta O-18(TRC)) of Cedrela odorata L. from Caatinga forest, northeastern Brazil, and tested if delta O-18(TRC) is correlated to climate parameters. We extracted the alpha-cellulose from the most recent 50 tree rings (1968-2017). The inter-annual variation of delta O-18(TRC) was strongly synchronized (r = 0.65) among all five studied individuals and closely related to changes in humidity during the growing season. The delta O-18(TRC) was significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with precipitation (r = - 0.59), relative humidity (r = - 0.37), air temperature (r = 0.55), soil water deficit (r = 0.62) and PDSI drought index (r = - 0.62), with most significant correlation during wet season and in the first month of the dry season. The relationship with local climate variables reflects the effect of evaporative enrichment of leaf water on delta O-18(TRC), whereby dry soil conditions, the low relative humidity and high air temperature reduce stomatal conductance and lead to increased evaporative enrichment of delta O-18(TRC). Spatial correlations revealed a strong impact of PDSI in delta O-18(TRC). Our results also show an increase in delta O-18(TRC) values from the 1990s onwards due to extreme and recurring droughts in northeastern Brazil. We conclude that delta O-18(TRC) variations are related to the climatic conditions, especially during the wet period due to the greater water availability for plant physiological processes.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-06-25

Pabst, Bernhard: Entdeckertouren Fränkische Schweiz : 33 spannende Wanderungen durch faszinierende Naturräume. München 2020 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Pabst, Bernhard: Geheimnisvolle Pfade Fränkische Schweiz : 30 Wanderungen zu magischen Orten aus Sage und Vorzeit : mit Hersbrucker Schweiz. München 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Pabst, Bernhard: Vergessene Pfade Fränkische Schweiz : 33 stille Touren zu verborgenen Naturschönheiten ; mit Hersbrucker Schweiz. München 2017 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Palaeoenvironments during MIS 3 and MIS 2 inferred from lacustrine intercalations in the loess-palaeosol sequence at Bobingen (southern Germany) - Mayr, Christoph; Matzke-Karasz, Renate; Stojakowits, Philipp; Lowick, Sally; Zolitschka, Bernd; Heigl, Tanja; Mollath, Richard; Theuerkauf, Marian; Weckend, Marc-Oliver; Bäumler, Rupert; Gregor, Hans-Joachim (E&G : Quaternary Science Journal, 2017)

Paleoenvironmental conditions define current sustainability of microbial populations in Laguna Potrok Aike sediments, Argentina - Vuillemin, Aurèle; Ariztegui, Daniel; Lücke, Andreas; Mayr, Christoph (Aquatic Sciences, 2014)

Paradies Deutschland? – Familien auf der Flucht zwischen Syrien, Jordanien und Deutschland. - Kühnlein, Philipp; Hachmeister, Silke (Hinterland, 2018)
Silke Hachmeister und Philipp Kühnlein begleiten den Prozess der Migration sieben syrischer Familien von Jordanien nach Deutschland: Auszüge individueller Fluchtgeschichten, Eindrücke der prekären Situation Geflüchteter in Jordanien, Hoffnungen auf ein besseres Leben in Deutschland und Enttäuschungen nach der Ankunf
Keywords: Syrien; Jordanien; Refugees; Geflüchtete; Migration; Flucht; Deutschland

Participatory Forest Management in East Africa – The Case of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia - Sielker, Franziska (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2009)

Partizipatives Kartieren als Praxis einer kritischen Kartographie - Bittner, Christian; Michel, Boris (Sozialraum erforschen: Qualitative Methoden in der Geographie, 2018)

Paschek, Ulrike: Medusenliebe : historischer Aschaffenburg-Krimi. Meßkirch 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Past millennium hydroclimate variability from Corsican pine tree-ring chronologies - Esper, Jan; Hartl, Claudia; Konter, Oliver; Reinig, Frederick; Roemer, Philipp; Huneau, Frederic; Lebre, Sebastien; Szymczak, Sonja; Bräuning, Achim; Buentgen, Ulf (Boreas, 2021)
Palaeoclimatic evidence is necessary to place the current warming and drying trends of the Mediterranean region in a long-term perspective of pre-industrial variability. Annually resolved and absolutely dated climate proxies that extend back into medieval times are, however, limited to a few sites only. Here we present a network of long ring width chronologies from Pinus nigra tree-line sites in northern Corsica (France) that cohere exceptionally well over centuries and support the development of a single high-elevation pine chronology extending back to 974 CE. We apply various detrending methods to these data to retain high-to-low frequency ring width variability and scale the resulting chronologies against instrumental precipitation and drought observations to produce hydroclimate reconstructions for the last millennium. Proxy calibration and transfer are challenged by a lack of high-elevation meteorological data, however, limiting our understanding of precipitation changes in sub-alpine tree-line environments. Our new reconstructions extend beyond existing records and provide evidence for low-frequency precipitation variability in the central-western Mediterranean from 974-2016 CE. Comparison with a European scale drought reconstruction network shows that regional predictor chronologies are needed to accurately estimate long-term hydroclimate variability on Corsica.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-24

Pathways for sustainable and inclusive cities in Southern and Eastern Africa through Urban green infrastructure? - Titz, Alexandra; Chiotha, Sosten S. (Sustainability, 2019)
Cities in sub-Saharan Africa are currently confronted with a multitude, and hitherto unexperienced, magnitude of transformative phenomena such as rising inequality, exclusion, poverty and increased residency in informal settlements. These stressors are posing challenges to cities in terms of housing, infrastructure and provision of basic services as well as climate change adaptation. Despite the high dynamics and novel characteristics of city transformation, this urban transition seems to take place rather 'quietly' and has, so far, obviously hardly been understood or appreciated by researchers and governments. Subsequently, the multifaceted and extremely challenging problems associated with the process of urbanisation cannot be adequately addressed. Green infrastructure (GI) is currently emerging as a concept for cost-effective urban sustainability and livelihood security. Preservation and provision of accessible urban green spaces is increasingly recognised as an essential part of the liveability of cities. Extensive literature review revealed that the systematic integration of GI concepts in urban planning is seen by an increasing number of researchers as an essential approach to tackle major current and future challenges. Based on the literature review, we suggest that broadening the concept of urban GI by linking it to governance and rights-based conceptualisations will have the potential to unlock more resourceful paths for sustainable, green, and inclusive urban development of cities in Southern and Eastern Africa.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-06-21
Keywords: Food security; Inclusive cities; Livelihood security; Resilient cities; Right to the city; Sub-Saharan African cities; Sustainable cities; Urban agriculture; Urban green infrastructure; Urbanisation

Patterns of Immigration of TCNs to MATILDE Countries and Regions in the Light of Wider Structural Transformations - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (Classification of MATILDE Regions. Spatial Specificities and Third Country Nationals Distribution (= Deliverable 2.1 of MATILDE project), 2020)

Pavel, Alexander: Wandern im sagenhaften Nürnberger Land : 22 spannende Touren und Sagen : mit GPS-Tracks. Lauf 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Pavel, Alexander: Wandern in der sagenhaften Fränkischen Schweiz : 22 spannende Touren und Sagen für Groß und Klein. Lauf a.d. Pegnitz 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2022)

Pedochemical characterisation and landscape history of the Thangbi river terrace system, central Bhutan. - Bäumler, Rupert; Caspari, Thomas; Baillie, Ian; Tshering, Kado; Dorji, Tshering; Norbu, Chencho (Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 2004)
The properties and development of soils formed on fluvial deposits in the valley of the river Chamkhar Chhu, 10 km north of Jakhar, central Bhutan, were examined. Fieldwork in 2000 and 2002 revealed a system of at least 28 river terraces rising to relative heights of nearly 300 meters. The largest and still well preserved terrace of the system is of late Pleistocene age. Polygenetic structures & buried topsoils indicate several interruptions of soil development under periglacial conditions. 14C AMS dating suggests discontinuities at approximately 10,175, 8,710, 4,055 and 1,715 years BP. Pedochemical analyses showed that all examined soils are moderately weathered and leached and can mostly be classified as Cambisols. X-ray diffraction analyses of clay fractions revealed that especially on the upper terraces pedogenic chlorite formed at the expense of illite. Weighted profile averages of texture, specific surface area (BET), pedogenic iron compounds and weathering indices show significant trends within the terrace system and indicate that weathering and soil development continuously become more intense with increasing relative height above the current river level. © 2004 Gebrüder Borntraeger, D-14129 Berlin · D-70176 Stuttgart.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.pedoch

Pedogenesis in eolian deposits in the high mountain area of Eastern Nepal. - Bäumler, Rupert (Quaternary international, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.pedoge

Pedogenic studies in eastern Nepal new aspects about the last glaciation. - Bäumler, Rupert (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2004)
Soil development of high mountain soils was studied in eastern Nepal with regard to new aspects about the Quaternary history of landscape and climate. The soils were developed in Quaternary glacial deposits, i.e. the lowest clearly identified terminal and lateral moraines of 5 high valleys of the Khumbu and Solu region, all located between 3800 and 4300masl. Particle size analysis, pedogenic iron oxides and weathering indices were used to obtain information on soil development of the different sites. Except for one site no significant differences were found in the extent of soil development indicating that all soils and their corresponding glacial deposits are of similar relative age. In combination with recently published numerical datings of the terminal moraines in one of the high valleys, the age of the deposits could be narrowed down partly correcting former findings. The maximum extent of the last glaciation, if accepted as more or less synchronous to the global Last Glacial Maximum, was less pronounced than previously assumed. However, morphological and pedological findings give evidence of an early phase of Late Pleistocene glaciation further down valley corresponding to new results from High Asia, the Japanese Alps, North Siberia, and the Kamchatka peninsula. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.pedoge

Pedogeochemical studies and palaeoenvironmental implications in Kichik Alay Mountain soils (Kyrgyzstan) - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2002.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.pedoge

Pedogeochemical studies and palaeoenvironmental implications in southern Kamchatka (Russia) - Bäumler, Rupert (-, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-16:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.pedoge_5

Pedology—Basic principles - Bäumler, Rupert; Stockmann, Uta; Oliver, Margaret A (Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2023)
This chapter encompasses the basic principles of pedology, the study of soils in their natural setting. It provides basic information about the formation and properties of soils from any kind of parent material, the factors that influence soil formation at the Earth's surface, the induced processes, and the role of soils in the environment.<br
Keywords: Pedogenesis; Soil formation; Soil properties; Transformation processes; Translocation processes

Perceived differences in the (re)production of environmental deprivation between sub-populations: A study combining citizens’ perceptions with remote-sensed and administrative data - Ho, Hung Chak; Man, Ho Yin; Wong, Man Sing; Shi, Yuan; Walker, Blake (Building and Environment, 2020)
Environmental deprivation significantly influences urban livability. Previous studies applied spatial data to evaluate environmental deprivation across various neighborhoods, and the identified deprived areas can be directly used in urban planning as areas that need to be addressed. However, perceptions of oneself regarding the local urban environment can influence sense of wellbeing, mental health, and social behavior of this individual; and any adverse feelings from the subjective environmental status can further influence perceived environmental deprivation. This perceived environmental deprivation can be different from the estimation of “objective” environmental deprivation, and perception itself can vary among subpopulations. Absence of consideration of variation in perceived environmental deprivation can lead to a failure of sustainable planning to support all oppressed people affected by urban development. Therefore, we combined citizens’ perceptions with remote-sensed and administrative data to characterize perceived environmental deprivation among subpopulations, based on a questionnaire with ranks of specific environmental issues under a “city as a whole” concept. Generally, perceived environmental deprivation among subpopulations was driven by different facts. Based on the spatial comparison, self-identified urban residents and people aged>=30 have faced higher environmental deprivation across the whole city than self-identified rural residents and younger ages. Females, lower income population, and indoor workers have faced with higher environmental deprivation across urban areas than males and higher income population and outdoor workers. These implied that perceived environmental deprivation may be driven by social behaviors of individuals because of social inequality, while planning protocols should be targeted to specific populations to provide comprehensive community support and equity.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-03-17
Keywords: Built environment; Demographic difference; Environmental deprivation; Environmental perception; Spatial analytics

Performance of one-class classifiers for invasive species mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy - Skowronek, Sandra; Asner, Gregory P.; Feilhauer, Hannes (Ecological Informatics, 2017)
Most remote sensing approaches for mapping invasive plant species focus on species in a prominent phenological stage, such as during flowering, and do not systematically evaluate the performance for mapping lower cover fractions. In this study, we used airborne imaging spectroscopy (also known as hyperspectral imaging) to detect the invasive grass Phalaris aquatica and the invasive herb Centaurea solstitialis in a pre-flowering stage in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, California, and compared the performance of three different one-class classifiers: Maxent, biased support vector machines and boosted regression trees. We collected presence data for C. solstitialis and P. aquatica to calibrate each approach and additional presence-absence data to validate model performance on 3 m × 3 m plots. The imaging spectroscopy data were acquired using the Carnegie Airborne Observatory Visible-to-Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer (400–2500 nm range) with a pixel size of 1 m × 1 m. The resulting overall accuracies were 72–74% for C. solstitialis, and 83–88% for P. aquatica. For both species, the overall performance was slightly better for Maxent and BRT than for biased SVM. The detection rates for low cover plots were considerably higher for C. solstitialis than for P. aquatica. The models relied on different areas of the reflectance spectrum, but still produced the same general pattern of predicted species occurrences. We conclude that the different one-class classifiers allow for the detection and monitoring of target species with similar success rates.
Keywords: Biased support vector machine; Boosted regression trees; Carnegie airborne observatory; Centaurea solstitialis; Hyperspectral; Imaging spectroscopy; Maxent; Phalaris aquatica; Species distribution model; Vegetation; Yellow starthistle

Periodic climate cooling enhanced natural disasters and wars in China during AD 10–1900. - Zhang, Zhibin; Tian, Huidong; Cazelles, Bernard; Kausrud, Kyrre L.; Bräuning, Achim; Guo, Fang; Stenseth, Nils Chr. (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 2010)
Recent studies have linked climatic and social instabilities in ancient China; the underlying causal mechanisms have, however, often not been quantitatively assessed. Here, using historical records and palaeoclimatic reconstructions during AD 10-1900, we demonstrate that war frequency, price of rice, locust plague, drought frequency, flood frequency and temperature in China show two predominant periodic bands around 160 and 320 years where they interact significantly with each other. Temperature cooling shows direct positive association with the frequency of external aggression war to the Chinese dynasties mostly from the northern pastoral nomadic societies, and indirect positive association with the frequency of internal war within the Chinese dynasties through drought and locust plagues. The collapses of the agricultural dynasties of the Han, Tang, Song and Ming are more closely associated with low temperature. Our study suggests that food production during the last two millennia has been more unstable during cooler periods, resulting in more social conflicts owing to rebellions within the dynasties or/and southward aggressions from northern pastoral nomadic societies in ancient China.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.period
Keywords: global warming; war cycle; drought/flood; locust plague; southward migration; human ecology

Periodic temperature-associated drought/flood drives locust-plagues in China - Zhang, Zhibin; Cazalles, Bernard; Tian, Huidong; Stige, Leif Christian; Bräuning, Achim; Stenseth, Nils Chr. (Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 2008)
Global warming is currently of great concern. Yet the ecological effects of low-frequency climate variations remain largely unknown. Recent analyses of interdecadal variability in population abundance of the Oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria manilensis) in China have revealed negative associations with temperature and positive associations with Yangtze drought and flood frequencies during the past millennium (AD 957–1956). In order to shed new light on the causal relationships between locust abundance, floods, droughts and temperature in ancient China, we used wavelet analysis to explore how the coherencies between the different variables at different frequencies have been changed during the past millennium. We find consistent in-phase coherencies between locusts and drought/flood frequencies, and out-of-phase coherencies between locusts and temperature and between drought/flood and temperature at period components of 160–170 years. Similar results are obtained when historical data of drought/flood frequencies of the Yangtze Delta region are used, despite flood data showing a weak and somewhat inconsistent association with other factors. We suggest that previously unreported periodic cooling of 160–170-year intervals dominate climatic variability in China through the past millennium, the cooling events promoting locust plagues by enhancing temperature-associated drought/flood events. Our results signify a rare example of possible benign effects of global warming on the regional risk of natural disasters such as flood/drought events and outbreaks of pest insects.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.period

Perito Moreno Glacier dam rupture - A recurrent natural experiment to probe solid-earth elasticity - Marderwald, Eric Rodolfo; Aragón Paz, Juan Manuel; Richter, Andreas Jörg; Busch, Peter; Malz, Philipp; Mendoza, Luciano Pedro Oscar; Romero, Abelardo; Guerrero, Luz; Hormaechea, José Luis; Connon, Gerardo; Perdomo, Raúl Anibal; Braun, Matthias; et al. (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2020)
The Southern Patagonian Icefield is located in an area with a complex tectonic-rheological structure and is affected by intense glacial-isostatic adjustment and rapid ice retreat. Geodetic observations of loading effects provide information on earth structure. Perito Moreno Glacier repeatedly dams the Brazo Rico and Brazo Sur branches of Lago Argentino. The rupture of the ice dam applies an intense hydrological load signal which results in an elastic response of the solid earth. We present a modelling procedure to predict loading effects in response to water-level changes in Brazo Rico. The output is compared with site displacements observed by GNSS during the 2016 rupture event. Our results show that water-level changes in Brazo Rico exceeding 5 m produce vertical deformations detectable with GNSS observations. A geodetic observation of loading effects at magnitudes similar to those of the maximum historic event in 1956 could provide meaningful constraints on elastic earth models. We discuss consequences for the determination of accurate deformation rates, implications for our understanding of the intense uplift observed at the Southern Patagonian Icefield, and requirements and prospects for obtaining geodetic observations of the loading effects of future rupture events.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-10-09
Keywords: Elastic deformation; Geodesy; Loading effects; Modelling; Patagonia; Perito Moreno Glacier

Permafrost Biases Climate Signals in delta O-18(tree-ring) Series from a Sub-Alpine Tree Stand in Val Bever/Switzerland - Grießinger, Jussi; Meier, Wolfgang; Bast, Alexander; Debel, Annette Caroline; Gaertner-Roer, Isabelle; Gaertner, Holger (Atmosphere, 2021)
During recent decades, stable oxygen isotopes derived from tree-ring cellulose (delta O-18(TRC)) have been frequently utilised as the baseline for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. In this context, numerous studies take advantage of the high sensitivity of trees close to their ecological distribution limit (high elevation or high latitudes). However, this increases the chance that indirect climatic forces such as cold ground induced by permafrost can distort the climate-proxy relationship. In this study, a tree stand of sub-alpine larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) located in an inner alpine dry valley (Val Bever), Switzerland, was analysed for its delta O-18(TRC) variations during the last 180 years. A total of eight L. decidua trees were analysed on an individual base, half of which are located on verified sporadic permafrost lenses approximately 500 m below the expected lower limit of discontinuous permafrost. The derived isotope time series are strongly dependent on variations in summer temperature, precipitation and large-scale circulation patterns (geopotential height fields). The results demonstrate that trees growing outside of the permafrost distribution provide a significantly stronger and more consistent climate-proxy relationship over time than permafrost-affected tree stands. The climate sensitivity of permafrost-affected trees is analogical to the permafrost-free tree stands (positive and negative correlations with temperature and precipitation, respectively) but attenuated partly leading to a complete loss of significance. In particular, decadal summer temperature variations are well reflected in delta O-18(TRC) from permafrost-free sites (r = 0.62, p < 0.01), while permafrost-affected sites demonstrate a full lack of this dependency (r = 0.30, p > 0.05). Since both tree stands are located just a few meters away from one another and are subject to the same climatic influences, discrepancies in the isotope time series can only be attributed to variations in the trees' source water that constraints the climatic fingerprints on delta O-18(TRC). If the two individual time series are merged to one local mean chronology, the climatic sensitivity reflects an intermediate between the permafrost-free and -affected delta O-18(TRC) time series. It can be deduced, that a significant loss of information on past climate variations arises by simply averaging both tree stands without prior knowledge of differing subsurface conditions.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-08-06

Perspectivas de la población local sobre condiciones y transformaciones socio-ambientales en el Cantón Macará (Provincia de Loja, Ecuador). Caso de estudio Sabiango - Kieslinger, Julia; Hualpa Erazo, Angel; Rengel Vega, Paola (2021)
As part of the doctoral thesis "The Importance of Spatial (Im)mobilities in the Context of Changing Life Conditions and Lifeworlds: The Example of Socio-Ecological Transformation in Rural Ecuador" (forthcoming), this report addresses the grassroots views of the participants in this research and gives them an arena to express their concerns about local living conditions and challenges. In a few sections, additional information from secondary data was included when it was considered of added value to the reader to embed the local participants’ views in a broader context. In order to implement the principles of the participatory research design, this report is dedicated to the local government administrations of the Parroquia Sabiango and the Cantón Macará (Ecuador) who can communicate and disseminate these findings among different actors in the field.<br

Perspektive Geflüchteter auf das Leben auf dem Land - Weidinger, Tobias; Kordel, Stefan (2020)
Was denken Geflüchtete über das Leben in ländlichen Räumen? Möchten sie bleiben oder weiterwandern? Der Beitrag skizziert aus der Perspektive von Geflüchteten Chancen und Herausforderungen des Lebens auf dem Land. <br
Keywords: Migration; ländliche Räume; Zuwanderung; Wohnen; Mobilität; Arbeit

Peters, Sabine: Nürnberg : unterwegs mit deinen Lieblingsmenschen. Köln 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Pfade des Konsumentenverhaltens. Der Konsument jenseits gängiger Typologien - Geiselhart, Klaus; Orlowski, Benedikt Marko (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2013)
Konsum ist ein zentraler Ausdruck zeitgenössischer Gesellschaften. Konsum bestimmt nicht nur den gesellschaftlichen Status sondern bietet auch eine wichtige Orientierung für Selbst- und Gruppenidentitäten. Während gängige Konsumententypologien Konsumenten in festgeschriebene Charaktere kategorisieren, beschreibt dieser Artikel sie in ihrer Flexibilität und Veränderlichkeit. In diesem Sinne ist diese Studie eine Kritik kommerzieller Konsumentenforschung. Konsumenten haben die Fähigkeit über Ihre Intentionen zu reflektieren und können ihr Konsumentenverhalten beeinflussen. Das Konsumentenverhalten des Einzelnen wird dargestellt in seiner chronologischen Abfolge einzelner Kaufakte. Der „Verhaltensraum des Konsumenten“ wird als abstrakter Raum mit zwei Freiheitsgraden entwickelt. Diese Dimensionen sind das Ergebnis theoretischer überlegungen und wurden empirisch evaluiert. Das Verhalten der Konsumenten wird als Pfade in diesem abstrakten Raum dargestellt. Schließlich werden auch noch Orte des Konsums in diesem Raum kartier
Keywords: Konsum; consumer style

Physical and anatomical features and drying behavior of the boards produced from old date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Bam city - Tarmian, Asghar; Foroozan, Zeynab; Sepehr, Amir; Gholamiyan, Hadi; Oladi, Reza (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 2013)
In this study, the physical and anatomical properties of old date palm wood (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and its drying behavior was studied. Four old date palm trees grown in Bam city (Kerman provenience) were felled. Then, boards with the dimension of 300 × 50 × 30 mm were cut at DBH of trees from pith to bark. After measuring the green moisture content and specific gravity, boards were dried in a semi-industrial kiln to reach the final moisture content of 8% using a mild wood drying schedule. Cross-sectional anatomical measurements were performed on the nearest boards to the bark and pith. Results showed that the green moisture content and specific gravity of date palm wood ranged between 150-260% and 0.29–0.39 and the moisture content was increased and the specific gravity was decreased from pith to bark. Anatomical observations and statistical analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the average number of vessel elements and vessel bundles between pith and bark, but the mean vessel area in pith was considerably greater than bark. Results also showed that the drying rate of date palm wood was high reaching the final moisture content of 8% within 7 days. The drying rate of bark samples was higher than those of the pith and no deformation and surface crack was observed in the dried board
Keywords: Date palm; Drying; Physical properties; Anatomy

Physische Geographie 2 (Klima-, Hydro-, Boden-, Vegetationsgeographie) (=Geowissen kompakt) von Baumhauer R., Kneisel C., Möller S., Schütt B., Tressel E. - Bräuning, Achim (2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.800yea

Physisch-Geographisches Geländepraktikum - Bräuning, Achim; Bäumler, Rupert; Feick, Sebastian; Grießinger, Jussi (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für Geographie, 2012)
Keywords: Geografiestudium; Physische Geografie; Raumbeobachtung

Pinus roxburghii stand dynamics at a heavily impacted site in Nepal: Research through an educational fieldweek - Speer, James H.; Bräuning, Achim; Zhang, Qi-Bin; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Gaire, Narayan P.; Dawadi, Binod; Rana, Prabina; Dhakal, Yub Raj; Acharya, Ram Hari; Adhikari, Dhruba Lochan; Adhikari, Shankar; Aryal, Prakash Chandra; et al. (Dendrochronologia, 2016)
The fieldweek associated with the 4th Asian Dendrochronological Association Conference was an excellent opportunity for education, networking, and research. The participants and group leaders worked together for five days in an area that was new to some of the group leaders and new to some of the participants which enabled us to learn about forest ecology around Kathmandu and Nagarkot, Nepal. The fieldweek was an excellent networking opportunity and the group leaders and participants bonded which strengthened international research in dendrochronology and continues to foster new research collaborations. All of the group leaders and participants had the opportunity to learn about tree-ring formation in Pinus roxburghii at 1500. masl elevation, to explore its wood anatomy, and to examine specific research questions in our field area. In the end we developed a better understanding of the stand-age structure of a stand of trees in Nagarkot, explored the erosion history from exposed roots, and investigated tree health issues on closely related sites. We found that P. roxburghii poses some dating issues with false and micro rings at this elevation, but we were still able to develop a tree-ring chronology from this species and make preliminary assessments of stand dynamics and health.
Keywords: Anthropogenic impact; Education; Experiential learning; Nepal; Pinus roxburghii

Pixel-wise Distance Regression for Glacier Calving Front Detection and Segmentation - Davari, Amirabbas; Baller, Christoph; Seehaus, Thorsten; Braun, Matthias; Maier, Andreas; Christlein, Vincent (IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022)
Glacier calving front position (CFP) is an important glaciological variable. Traditionally, delineating the CFPs has been carried out manually, which was subjective, tedious and expensive. Automating this process is crucial for continuously monitoring the evolution and status of glaciers. Recently, deep learning approaches have been investigated for this application. However, the current methods get challenged by a severe class-imbalance problem. In this work, we propose to mitigate the class-imbalance between the calving front class and the non-calving front class by reformulating the segmentation problem into a pixel-wise regression task. A Convolutional Neural Network gets optimized to predict the distance values to the glacier front for each pixel in the image. The resulting distance map localizes the CFP and is further post-processed to extract the calving front line. We propose three post-processing methods, one method based on statistical thresholding, a second method based on conditional random fields (CRF), and finally the use of a second U-Net. The experimental results confirm that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and produces accurate delineation. The Second U-Net obtains the best performance results, resulting in an average improvement of about 21% dice coefficient enhancement.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-03-25
Keywords: class-imbalance; distance map regression; glacier calving front segmentation; SAR imagery; U-Net

Place attachment and digitalisation in rural regions - Birnbaum, Lisa; Wilhelm, Carola Rebecca; Chilla, Tobias; Kröner, Stephan (Journal of Rural Studies, 2021)
This paper reflects on place attachment in times of digitalisation in rural regions. Our qualitative study explores the extent to which and with which characteristics place attachment ‘translates’ into the digital format. The paper analyses 193 digital projects presented in the internet. These cases cover several European countries with a particular focus on Germany. The analysis is based on a three-dimensional framework involving attachment concepts, space/place and digitalisation. From a systematic categorisation of the case studies, six result patterns emerge: Some of them confirm place attachment patterns, which are well known from the debate on ‘non-digital’ place attachment (e.g., the importance of emotions). Other findings show that digitalisation does make a difference, in particular concerning abstract, non-localised spatial references to the rural area. Finally, we deduce some implications from our findings for practical implementation in regional development.<br
Keywords: Place attachment; Regional identity; Digitalisation; Rural areas; Sense of place; Regional development

Placial-Discursive Topologies of Violence: Volunteered Geographic Information and the Reproduction of Violent Places in Recife, Brazil - Moura de Souza, Cléssio; Kremer, Dominik; Walker, Blake (ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2022)
Knowledge and experiences of violence transform the ways in which individuals perceive the urban landscape, construct and reproduce (un)safety, and make everyday decisions regarding mobility and the use of space. This knowledge and these experiences are placially anchored and are shaped by everyday regionalisations. In the context of interpersonal violence in Recife, Brazil, we examine the ways in which volunteered geographic information (VGI), formal and informal information exchange networks, and individual experience contribute to the reproduction of violent spaces. During interviews with civilian residents and police officers, we explore the knowledge and information flows and their spatial anchorings before and after presenting informants with a VGI-based map of firearms violence. Following coding, interviews were also analysed using a novel, semiautomated text mining algorithm to produce context-sensitive co-occurrence graphs of key arguments within participant narratives. The results indicate strong differences in the placial anchorings between police officers and civilians, and highlight key dynamics in the flows of VGI amongst residents and local news organisations, as well as through social media. These forms of placial knowledge exchange are in constant negotiation with individuals’ perceptions and experiences of the study area and reflect cognitive-discursive reproductions of everyday geographies of (un)safety.
Keywords: violence; geographic information systems; volunteered geographic information; Brazil

Planetenjäger : die aufregende Entdeckung fremder Welten. Basel 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (1997)

Planeten, Sterne und Weltraum : Dossier. (Spektrum der Wissenschaft / Dossier ; 1998,3). Heidelberg 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1998)

Planeten, Sterne, Welteninseln : Astronomie im Deutschen Museum / Gerhard Hartl ... Stuttgart 1993 - Hübner, Thomas (1994)

Planet Erde : Schicksal und Zukunft der Erde. München 1987 - Hübner, Thomas (1987)

Plant Diversity and its Relevance for the Provision of Ecosystem Services - Homeier, Jürgen; Werner, Florian; Adams, Julia; Peters, Thorsten; Diertl, Karl-Heinz; Richter, Michael (Ecosystem services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador. Ecological Studies, 2013)
This chapter summarizes how plant species composition and richness in the Andean montane forests of southern Ecuador are driven by environmental heterogeneity. Natural vegetation dynamics of these highly diverse forests is dramatically affected by the current human land use practices with the consequence of an immense loss of species richness that most likely results in a drastic deterioration of ecosystem services on the landscape level. Basic knowledge about ecosystem functioning is still scarce for the region, and the study of plant functional traits should receive increasing attention, since these traits are the main attribute by which plants influence ecosystem functioning and thus ecosystem services.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2012.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.plantd

Plant use, land use, and conservation - Gerique-Zipfel, Andres (2012)

"Plastic" and "static" behavior of vessel-anatomical features in Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in view of xylem hydraulic conductivity - Oladi, Reza; Bräuning, Achim; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz (Trees-Structure and Function, 2014)
Key message: Xylem anatomical traits can be categorized into two groups: plastic properties which show a high inter-annual variability, and static characteristics which vary in a more conservative range. Water conduction in broad-leaved trees depends mainly on the size, number, and arrangement of vessels, which vary from year to year in response to varying exogenous factors, thus contributing to a safe and/or efficient water transport. However, the nature of such compensation is not clear; in particular, it is not obvious which traits act independently and which ones coincidentally. To better understand these inter-relations, tree-ring width (TRW), vessel-related anatomical traits, and the theoretical hydraulic conductivity were measured or modeled in the last 50 growth rings of mature Oriental beech trees growing at different altitudes in northern Iran. The study trees followed similar strategies compensating the effects of external factors by modifying their vessel-anatomical features. TRW and the number of vessels per unit of area were highly but negatively correlated and both were affected by exogenous factors. However, a decrease in vessel frequency (VF) is not a mirror effect of wider tree rings, but trees actively control the number of vessels produced. Principal component analysis revealed that the features VF, TRW and relative total conductivity were more plastic, whereas average vessel-lumen area, tree-ring porosity, and relative specific conductivity behaved more static. Moreover, we suggest that in theoretical approaches, total hydraulic conductivity rather than the specific hydraulic conductivity is a better indicator of a tree's hydraulic behavior in a given growing season. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Keywords: Hydraulic conductivity; Oriental beech; Phenotypic plasticity; Quantitative wood anatomy; Tree-ring width; Vascular characteristics

Policy narratives about the distribution of forced migrants to rural areas. Searching for traces in recent German history - Weidinger, Tobias (New Rural Geographies in Europe. Actors, Processes, Policies, 2020)
The paper deals with policy narratives about the distribution of forced migrants to rural (Western) Germany in recent history (since World War II). The aim is, firstly, to identify the narratives of dispersal policies in favour of rural areas and, secondly, the residence obligations that limit the choice of place of residence to a specific spa- tial scale. Policies targeting groups of forced migrants continue to persist over time. That is, refugees and expellees after World War II and asylum seekers and refugees in the 2010 decade. The empirical evidence stems from a qualitative-oriented content analysis taking into account the perspectives of politicians and bureaucrats on the national and regional scale. Results indicate three narratives, which should legitimize the distribution of forced migrants to rural areas and are persistent over time. These are related to (i) the housing and (ii) labour market, as well as (iii) demographics and infrastructure. Political actors intertwine aspects of burden-sharing with issues of re- gional development of rural areas. The restriction of the freedom of movement of forced migrants followed and follows the imperative of governing spatial develop- ment through immigration and thus reveals a migration-development nexus for the host country Germany.
Keywords: Refugees; expellees; immigration; narratives; post-WWII history; Germany

Politische Geographien der digitalen Transformation – Von der „globalen Informationsgesellschaft“ zur „digitalen Souveränität“ - Dammann, Finn; Glasze, Georg (Bayreuther Kontaktstudium Geographie, 2023)
Keywords: Digitale Geographie; Informationsgesellschaft; Digitale Transformation; Internet Governance

Politische Räume: Die diskursive Konstitution eines »geokulturellen Raums« - die Frankophonie. - Glasze, Georg (Transcript-Verlag, 2013)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.politi

Polycentricity and accessibility in mountain areas: the Alpine case - Bertram, Dominik; Chilla, Tobias (European Planning Studies, 2022)
The concept of centrality focuses on fair accessibility to services of general interest. This is a considerable challenge in mountain regions due to low population density and morphological context. However, the centrality debate has hardly taken morphology into account, even though mountain areas require a specific form of spatial organization - a lower level of accessibility leads either to longer distances and travel times or (in the better case) to increased service supply in smaller settlements. In this paper, we examine small Alpine towns' polycentricity at a micro scale and respond to the key question: What role does accessibility play in the centrality of small towns in the Alps? Our study builds on a comprehensive accessibility mapping of 780 towns in the Alps with more than 3,000 inhabitants. The study shows that the size of a settlement and its role in the settlement system are linked in a less linear way than polycentricity models postulate. Many small towns have to provide key functions for large catchment areas. We quantify this dimension by measuring population catchment intensities. Our approach combines demographic and accessibility analyses and is potentially applicable to other areas with geographical specificities that are relevant objects of cohesion policy.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2022-12-02

Poor Doors in Erlangen. Umweltbezogene Mikrosegregation unter Bedingungen der Reurbanisierung - Geiselhart, Klaus; Eisemann, Carolin; Feick, Fabian; Kammerbauer, Stefan (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2020)
In der sich im Zuge der Reurbanisierung verschärfenden Konkurrenz um städtische Ressourcen gestalten sich Prozesse der Segregation zunehmend kleinräumiger. Eine Fallstudie in Erlangen zeigt, wie bei den Planungen eines Quartiers im Röthelheimpark und der Rathenausiedlung bevorzugte Wohnlagen geschaffen werden, nicht zuletzt durch die Einrichtung benachteiligter Wohnlagen. Es entstehen Phänomene einer Mikrosegregation auf Quartiersebene, die über die gängigen Methoden statistischer Messung kaum noch empirisch zu erfassen sind. Die besondere Brisanz erhält das Thema durch die Tatsache, dass hierbei gesundheitliche Risiken ungleich verteilt werden, denn Umweltbelastungen werden gezielt den ärmeren Bewohner_innengruppen zugemutet, während Umweltressourcen den Wohlhabenden zugutekommen.<br
Keywords: Umweltgerechtigkeit; Gesundheit; Segregation; Reurbanisierung

Popp, Herbert (Hrsg.): Die Fränkische Schweiz : traditionsreiche touristische Region in einer Karstlandschaft / Herbert Popp, Klaus Bitzer, Haik Thomas Porada (Hg.). Köln 2019 - Hübner, Thomas (2020)

Population-based incidence trends of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers by sex among the poorest and underprivileged populations - Auluck, Ajit; Walker, Blake; Hislop, Greg; Lear, Scott A.; Schuurman, Nadine; Rosin, Miriam (BMC Cancer, 2014)
Background Oral cancer is an important health issue, with changing incidence in many countries. Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC, in tonsil and oropharygeal areas) is increasing, while oral cavity cancer (OCC, other sites in the mouth) is decreasing. There is the need to identify high risk groups and communities for further study and intervention. The objective of this study was to determine how the incidence of OPC and OCC varied by neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) in British Columbia (BC), including the magnitude of any inequalities and temporal trends. Methods ICDO-3 codes were used to identify OPC and OCC cases in the BC Cancer Registry from 1981–2010. Cases were categorized by postal codes into SES quintiles (q1-q5) using VANDIX, which is a census-based, multivariate weighted index based on neighbourhood average household income, housing tenure, educational attainment, employment and family structure. Age-standardized incidence rates were determined for OPC and OCC by sex and SES quintiles and temporal trends were then examined. Results Incidence rates are increasing in both men and women for OPC, and decreasing in men and increasing in women for OCC. This change is not linear or proportionate between different SES quintiles, for there is a sharp and dramatic increase in incidence according to the deprivation status of the neighbourhood. The highest incidence rates in men for both OPC and OCC were observed in the most deprived SES quintile (q5), at 1.7 times and 2.2 times higher, respectively, than men in the least deprived quintile (q1). For OPC, the age-adjusted incidence rates significantly increased in all SES quintiles with the highest increase observed in the most deprived quintile (q5). Likewise, the highest incidence rates for both OPC and OCC in women were observed in the most deprived SES quintile (q5), at 2.1 times and 1.8 times higher, respectively, than women in the least deprived quintile (q1). Conclusion We report on SES disparities in oral cancer, emphasizing the need for community-based interventions that address access to medical care and the distribution of educational and health promotion resources among the most SES deprived communities in British Columbia.
Keywords: Socioeconomic deprivation; Oral cavity cancer; Oropharyngeal cancer; Incidence; HPV infection

Positive Peace in Cyberspace? The Non-Codification of Cyberwar and its Implications for National and Societal Security. - Ridder, Wolfram; Platzer, Eva (ISA Annual Meeting 2016, 2016)
Keywords: Cyberspace; Cyberwar; Security

Possibility of using non-destructive spectrophotometry to detect the poplar tension wood and spruce compression wood in freshly cut and dried timbers - Foroozan, Zeynab; Tarmian, Asghar; Gérard, Janin (Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 2012)
In this study, the potential use of spectrophotometry and CIELAB the technique was evaluated to detect reaction woods, including poplar tension wood and spruce compression wood. Thus, two trees of spruce ( Picea abies) and poplar (Populous nigra) containing reaction wood were cut from a forest belonging to ENGREF (the National Engineering School of Forestry close to Nancy in France). Then, the parameters of lightness (L*) and reflectance (R) were measured in the reaction and normal wood regions in the green and dry conditions. The results showed that in the green condition, the spruce compression wood had less lightness than normal wood and the lightness of compression wood increased as a result of drying. The difference between the lightness and reflectance parameters of the two types of reaction woods and those of their corresponding normal woods was significant in the green condition. Consequently, it can be concluded that the macroscopical detection of reaction wood is easier in the green condition than in the dry on
Keywords: Nondestructive test spectrophotometry; Reaction wood; Tension wood; Compression wood

Possible reasons for a high tree diversity at the upper timberline within the Andean Depression - Peters, Thorsten (DFG Statussymposium, 2008)

Postfordistische Energiepolitiken? Das Desertec-Konzept als Szenario zur Restrukturierung der Energieversorgung in der EUMENA-Region - Schmitt, Thomas (Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie, 2012)
Postfordist energy policies? Desertec as a scenario towards a restructuration of energy supply within the EUMENA-region. In 2009 the Desertec Industrial Initiative (DII) was founded by several, predominant German enterprises including the NGO “Desertec Foundation”. The objective of DII is to organize the conditions for the realisation of the Desertec idea, which aims to supply, in a large scale manner, Europe with electricity produced in solar power plants in NorthAfrica and the Arabic peninsula. The Desertec concept is playing with and combining different myths as the desert, the large-scale, ”megatechnic” vision and the reconciliation of the North and the South. Critics of Desertec argue that the project has the intention to impede an energy transition towards decentralized energy structures in Europe and that Desertec has a neo-colonial attitude. Both the Arab spring and the disaster of Fukushima have changed the discoursive landscape and the institutional conditions around the realisation of Desertec. The paper raises and responds to the question, whether Desertec can be seen as a Fordist or a Postfordist project according to the categories of the French regulation school. Additionally, the Desertec concept is reflected from a cultural geography’s point of view.<br
Keywords: Desertec; Postfordism; regulation theory; Political Ecology; renewable energies; North Africa; MENA; CSP; geographies of energy

Poststrukturalismus und Diskursfoschung in der Humangeographie - Glasze, Georg; Mattissek, Annika (Geographie. Physische Geographie und Humangeographie, 2011)

Pragmatistische Gedanken für die Geographie. - Geiselhart, Klaus; Steiner, Christian (Berichte zur Deutschen Landeskunde, 2012)
Doing Geography is intrinsically linked to methodological and meta-theoretical questions of how to produce knowledge. Therefore, every geographic research project implies an epistemological component, which is basically and essentially linked to the concept of reality and truth of the respective scholar. Given the traditional empirical strength of German speaking Geography, the current paper aims at introducing an alternative epistemological perspective and discusses the potential of American pragmatist philosophy for doing Geography. American Pragmatism is relatively unknown in the German speaking geographical discourse. Therefore, the paper focuses on introducing into some of its key elements. Probably its most intriguing element is the pragmatist concept of truth. Pragmatists postulate that our truths are produced in everyday processes of inquiry. Therefore, truth can be conceptualized as an outcome of practice. It is context-specific, dynamic, and contingent. However, this non-fundamentalist, pluralist and relativist notion of truth surprisingly has severe normative implications, calling for a democratic society and an anti-dogmatic scientific debate, in which we should engage in a practical and meaningful discussion about viable and alternative explanations and interpretations of our lived-in-world.

Praktiken - Baumann, Christoph; Lahr-Kurten, Mathias; Winkler, Jan (Handbuch Diskurs und Raum – Theorien und Methoden für die Humangeographie sowie die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung, 2021)

Praktiken des Regierens, dominante Projekte, Verantwortung: praxeologische Zugänge zum Thema Macht - Everts, Jonathan; Geiselhart, Klaus; Romminger, Sarah; Winkler, Jan (Handbuch Praktiken und Raum – Humangeographie nach dem Practice Turn, 2019)

Praxeologische Feldforschung - Reichweite, Tragweite, Importanz und Relevanz als Analysekategorien - Geiselhart, Klaus; Runkel, Simon; Schäfer, Susann; Schmid, Benedikt (Geographica Helvetica, 2021)
This paper develops three analytical categories - range, supporting capacity, exigency/notability - to capture how supra-individual phenomena affect the people studied by empirical research. Researchers face a tension between constructivist and realist perspectives as the examined phenomena are simultaneously social constructs, in the way people perceive and understand them, and social facts in their consequences. Taking a critical perspective on the notion of large social phenomena - popularized by Theodore Schatzki - the paper develops an explorative terminology that aims to facilitate practice-oriented field research. Examples of empirical research on transition and degrowth initiatives illustrate how research subjects estimate the range of a phenomenon by trying to grasp whether they are in or out of its reach; the supportive capacity of a phenomenon by exploring how far it carries certain processes; and they experience the exigency of a phenomenon and ascribe a certain notability to it. Taken together, this terminology grasps the way phenomena are matters of concern, rather than matters of fact, for the research subjects.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-03-26
Keywords: Praxistheorie; Geographie; Froschung; Praxeologie

Praxis ist mehr als Praktiken – Warum moderne Ärzte und spirituelle Heiler im Prinzip das Gleiche tun - Geiselhart, Klaus (Geographica Helvetica, 2015)
The pragmatist concept of praxis involves more than conventionalised practices. It also regards performative dynamics which derive from the fact that practices actually never are enacted in an exemplary manner. Each and every execution of a practice always bears the chance of success but also the risk of failure. Furthermore, the execution of a practice can be fractured in many ways. As situations are always unique, a variety of different dynamics can evolve, each of which might lead to further events which in turn might even result in an alteration of the convention of the practice. Due to such performative dynamics, individuals might experience diverse qualities of emotions, insights, and practical skills that are not inherent to the practices. Those individuals who are engaged in practices thus develop not only an understanding of conventionalised practices (unversalities) but also personal attitudes towards and opinions about these practices (singularities). The example of medical practices in Botswana can function as a role model to illustrate this notion of praxis. A juxtaposition of modern and traditional medicine shows that analysing the way how such fields of practice are epistemologically founded helps us to understand why they are incommensurable.

Precipitation dominates the growth of common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and stinking juniper (Juniperus foetidissima Willd) in Arasbaran forests of northwestern Iran - Emaminasab, Mohammad; Oladi, Reza; Pourtahmasi, Kambiz; Bräuning, Achim; Shirvany, Anoushirvan (Trees-Structure and Function, 2023)
Key message: European hornbeam has a great potential for tree-ring based research when using a combination of conventional dendrochronological techniques and fluorescent microscopy. Abstract: Arasbaran forests are among the most important ecological areas in Iran, but they have been studied less extensively in comparison to the famous Hyrcanian forests. For the first time, the potential of two dominant species in these forests, i.e. hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and stinking juniper (Juniperus foetidissima) to study the climate-growth relations was evaluated using a dendroecological approach. Difficulties in distinguishing ring-width boundaries of hornbeam were overcome using fluorescence microscopy. The statistics used to evaluate the chronologies of both species confirmed their capability to study climate–growth relationships and their potential for developing regional climate reconstruction. Hornbeam and juniper showed similar climate-growth relationships. Across all sampling sites, the growth index displayed a positive correlation with precipitation and SPEI drought index, and a negative correlation with temperature. Precipitation in spring and early autumn played a significant role in stimulating the radial growth of the species. However, topography and microclimate could affect the relationship between growth and regional climate, as the highest elevation site receives abundant moisture input from frequent fog events. Our initial study highlights the potential of hornbeam as a widely spread but neglected species in the Northern Hemisphere for dendroecological studies. Furthermore, we conclude that despite some variance in the microclimate of different sites (ranging from cold, sub-humid to warm, semi-arid) within the Arasbaran region, trees of different species in the entire study area show a common response to climatic change, mainly affected by water availability.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-06-30
Keywords: Arasbaran forests; Dendroclimatology; Precipitation; Temperature; UV microscopy

Precipitation seasonality and variability over the Tibetan Plateau as resolved by the high Asia reanalysis - Maussion, Fabien; Scherer, Dieter; Mölg, Thomas; Collier, Sarah; Curio, Julia; Finkelnburg, Roman (Journal of Climate, 2014)

Precipitation variations in the central Zagros Mountains (Iran) since A.D. 1840 based on oak tree rings - Azizi, Ghasem; Arsalani, Mohsen; Bräuning, Achim; Moghimi, Ebrahim (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013)
We established three tree-ring width chronologies from oak species in the central Zagros Mountains, Iran, where instrumental climate data only cover a short period (1951-2010). Due to high similarity of the individual ring-width series, we included all studied sites in a regional chronology covering 306. years. Correlation functions with regional climate data revealed significant positive correlations (p. <. 0.01) with total precipitation from previous October to current May. Thus, we reconstructed regional precipitation variability over the period 1840-2010 based on linear regression between regional tree growth and climate data. Dry conditions prevailed in the 1840s, 1850, 1870s, 1880s, 1900s, 1920s, 1940s, 1960s, 1980s and 1999-2003. In comparison to wet periods, the number and the intensity of dry periods have increased during the 1840-2010 study period. Many of the reconstructed wet years coincided with major El Niño events. Inverse association between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the reconstructed precipitation during the common period (1877-2010) revealed that the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) plays an important role in regional precipitation variability. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Central Zagros; Dendroclimatology; Precipitation; Quercus; Tree rings

Precision agriculture on grassland: applications, perspectives and constraints a review - Schellberg, Jürgen; Hill, Michael; Gerhards, Roland; Rothmund, Matthias; Braun, Matthias (European Journal of Agronomy, 2008)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2008.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.precis

Predictive Mapping of Dwarf Shrub Vegetation in an Arid High Mountain Ecosystem Using Remote Sensing and Random Forests - Vanselow, Kim; Samimi, Cyrus (Remote Sensing, 2014)
In many arid mountains, dwarf shrubs represent the most important fodder and firewood resources; therefore, they are intensely used. For the Eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan), they are assumed to be overused. However, empirical evidence on this issue is lacking. We aim to provide a method capable of mapping vegetation in this mountain desert. We used random forest models based on remote sensing data (RapidEye, ASTER GDEM) and 359 plots to predictively map total vegetative cover and the distribution of the most important firewood plants, K. ceratoides and A. leucotricha. These species were mapped as present in 33.8% of the study area (accuracy 90.6%). The total cover of the dwarf shrub communities ranged from 0.5% to 51% (per pixel). Areas with very low cover were limited to the vicinity of roads and settlements. The model could explain 80.2% of the total variance. The most important predictor across the models was MSAVI2 (a spectral vegetation index particularly invented for low-cover areas). We conclude that the combination of statistical models and remote sensing data worked well to map vegetation in an arid mountainous environment. With this approach, we were able to provide tangible data on dwarf shrub resources in the Eastern Pamirs and to relativize previous reports about their extensive depletion.
Keywords: Central Asia; common pool resources; degradation; desertification; firewood; modeling; Pamir; post-Soviet transformation; rangeland ecology; Tajikistan

Predictive mapping of species richness and plant species' distributions of a peruvian fog oasis along an altitudinal gradient - Münchow, Jannes; Bräuning, Achim; Rodríguez, Eric Frank; von Wehrden, Henrik (Biotropica, 2013)
Tropical arid to semi-arid ecosystems are nearly as diverse as more humid forests and occupy large parts of the tropics. In comparison, however, they are vastly understudied. For instance, fog precipitation alone supports a unique vegetation formation, locally termed lomas, on coastal mountains in the Peruvian desert. To effectively protect these highly endemic and threatened ecosystems, we must increase our understanding of their diversity patterns in relation to environmental factors. Consequently, we recorded all vascular species from 100 random 4 × 4 m plots on the fog-exposed southern slope of the mountain Mongón. We used topographic and remotely sensed covariates in statistical models to generate spatial predictions of alpha diversity and plant species' distribution probabilities. Altitude was the most important predictor in all models and may represent fog moisture levels. Other significant covariates in the models most likely refer also to water availability but on a finer spatial scale. Additionally, model-based clustering revealed five altitudinal vegetation zones. This study contributes to a better spatial understanding of the biodiversity and spatial arrangement of vegetation belts of the largely unknown but highly unique lomas formations. Furthermore, mapping species richness and plant species' distributions could support a long-needed lomas strategic conservation scheme. © 2013 Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation Inc.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; Climatic gradient; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); La Niña; lomas; Species distribution models; Species richness model; Tropical plant diversity

Preliminary results from ring width and latewood density measurements from the southeast Tibetan Plateau, China - Hochreuther, Philipp; Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)

Preliminary results of a Tibetan stable C-isotope chronology dating from 1200 to 1994 - Zimmermann, B; Schleser, Gerhard Hans; Bräuning, Achim (Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 1997)
Recently the set up of a stable carbon isotope chronology of juniper tree rings of the eastern Tibet timberline has been iniliated. First results for the last 800 years will be presented. The dominant δ13C pattern shows higher values between 1200 and 1450. Thereafter, a decrease is observed until a minimum is reached at about 1650. Low values are observed until 1750. From then onwards the δ13 C values increase again, followed by a sharp decline since around 1900. Local historical, glaciological, dendrochronological and icecore data suggest that the isotope values mirror a climatic signal between 1200 and 1900. The negative trend in the 20th century can probably be attributed to species specific physiological reactions induced by the anthropogeniocally elevated CO2 concentration. Since the tree rings of some time periods are extremely narrow, always 5 tree rings had to be combined. Because of this sampling procedure (pentad sequences) at present the 50 years of instrumentally measured meterological data could not be correlated to the corresponding δ13C record.
Keywords: carbon dioxide; carbon isotopes; China; chronology; juniper trees; monsoon; palaeoclimate; stable isotopes; Tibet; timberline

Pre-Thinking GIS. Zur Visuellen Politik der Geographie der frühen quantitativ-theoretischen Geographie am Beispiel von William Bunges „Theoretical Geography“ - Michel, Boris (Geographica Helvetica, 2017)

Prinja, Raman: Wunder am Sternenhimmel : das große Buch über die Geheimnisse unseres Universums. Bindlach 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Privatisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Festivalisierung. Diagnosen zur Ökonomisierung des öffentlichen Raums - Michel, Boris (2018)

Proceedings – Conference on the EU Strategy for the Danube Region: Challenges and Chances 2014 – 2020 - Sielker, Franziska; Vonhoff, Katja (2015)

Proceedings of the Second Workshop of the EARSeL Special Interest Group on Land Use and Land Cover - Braun, Matthias (Application and Development, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.procee

Process-based modeling of tree-ring formation and its relationships with climate on the Tibetan Plateau - He, Minhui; Shishov, Vladimir; Kaparova, Nazgul; Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Grießinger, Jussi (Dendrochronologia, 2017)
Keywords: Soil moisture content; Temperature; Process-based modeling; VS-oscilloscope; Tibetan Plateau; Tree-ring formation

Processes of Immigration in Rural Europe. The Status Quo, Implications and Development Strategies - Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Jelen, Igor (Cambridge Scholars, 2018)
Contemporary immigration processes, e.g. forced migration and labour induced mobility as well as lifestyle and leisure oriented movements increasingly affect areas in Europe that are considered as peripheral or rural. This edited collection sheds light to the diversity of in-migration, their specific implications for development and strategies to cope with. Contributions from various sub-disciplines of the social sciences, e.g., human and cultural geography, sociology and spatial planning with different regional foci, aim at encouraging theoretical discussions, enhancing empirical knowledge and providing stimuli for practitioners involved in migration and development issues. The structure of the volume therefore follows four main themes: (1) conceptual reflections on immigration to peripheral rural areas and development prospects; (2) patterns and types of immigration processes, drawing on various case studies from all over Europe; (3) realms of integration, i.e., housing, economy and social life; (4) immigration management with a special emphasis to regional and local strategies, undertaken by policy-makers, the private sector and civil society.

Produktionen von Sichtbarkeit, Andeutung und Abwesenheit: Geographinnen in Deutschland vor 1960 - Michel, Boris; Paulus, Katharina (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2019)

Projections for the changes in growing season length of tree-ring formation on the Tibetan Plateau based on CMIP5 model simulations - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Shishov, Vladimir; Rossi, Sergio; Bräuning, Achim; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Grießinger, Jussi (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2018)
Keywords: Climate predictions; Temperature sensitivity; Phenology; Representative Concentration Pathways

Projections for the changes in growing season length of tree-ring formation on the Tibetan Plateau based on CMIP5 model simulations - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Shishov, Vladimir; Rossi, Sergio; Bräuning, Achim; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Grießinger, Jussi (International Journal of Biometeorology, 2018)
The response of the growing season to the ongoing global warming has gained considerable attention. In particular, how and to which extent the growing season will change during this century is essential information for the Tibetan Plateau, where the observed warming trend has exceeded the global mean. In this study, the 1960–2014 mean length of the tree-ring growing season (LOS) on the Tibetan Plateau was derived from results of the Vaganov-Shashkin oscilloscope tree growth model, based on 20 composite study sites and more than 3000 trees. Bootstrap and partial correlations were used to evaluate the most significant climate factors determining the LOS in the study region. Based on this relationship, we predicted the future variability of the LOS under three emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 6.0, and 8.5, representing different concentrations of greenhouse gasses) derived from 17 Earth system models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The averaged LOS on the Tibetan Plateau is 103 days during the period 1960–2014, and April–September minimum temperature is the strongest factor controlling the LOS. We detected a general increase in the LOS over the twenty-first century under all the three selected scenarios. By the middle of this century, LOS will extend by about 3 to 4 weeks under the RCPs 2.6 and 6.0, and by more than 1 month (37 days) under the RCP 8.5, relative to the baseline period 1960–2014. From the middle to the end of the twenty-first century, LOS will further extend by about 3 to 4 weeks under the RCPs 6.0 and 8.5, respectively. Under the RCP 2.6 scenario, however, the extension reaches a plateau at around 2050 and about 2 weeks LOS extension. In total, we found an average rate of 2.1, 3.6, and 5.0 days decade−1 for the LOS extension from 2015 to 2100 under the RCPs 2.6, 6.0, and 8.5, respectively. However, such estimated LOS extensions may be offset by other ecological factors that were not included into the growth model. The estimated lengthening of the growing season could substantially affect carbon sequestration and forest productivity on the Tibetan Platea
Keywords: Phenology; Temperature; sensitivity; Representative; Concentration; Pathways; Climate; predictions

Prominent Midlatitude Circulation Signature in High Asia's Surface Climate During Monsoon - Mölg, Thomas; Maussion, Fabien; Collier, Sarah; Chiang, John C.H.; Scherer, Dieter (Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017)

PROYECTO “ASISTENCIA INTEGRAL Y DE INCLUSIÓN SOCIAL A MIGRANTES Y COMUNIDADES DE ACOGIDA”. CASO DE ESTUDIO PROGRAMA CUERDA FIRME 2019 LIMA-PERÚ - Kieslinger, Julia; Buitrón Cañadas, Viviana; Hualpa Erazo, Angel; Rengel Vega, Paola (2020)
Como parte del proyecto “Asistencia integral y de inclusión social a migrante sy comunidades de acogida” se desarrolló el programa “Cuerda Firme 2019”, implementado por La Tarumba, en coordinación con la Cruz Roja Peruana, y con el apoyo de la Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja (IFRC), y el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados (ACNUR). El objetivo general del estudio fue recopilar evidencia del programa Cuerda Firme 2019, desde la perspectiva de los participantes del programa, así como desde las organizaciones involucradas, con el fin de fomentar réplicas futuras, a nivel regional. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados podrían impulsar nuevas ideas o sugerencias de mejoras, para futuros proyectos, en cuanto a los objetivos y la visibilidad institucional de la Cruz Roja, en su función de fomentar espacios seguros a través de la creación de alianzas con organizaciones técnicas expertas.<br

Punkt, Linie, Fläche – territorialisierte Europäisierung - Chilla, Tobias (2013)

Qualitative field observation of pedestrian injury hotspots: A mixed-methods approach for developing built- and socioeconomic-environmental risk signatures - Schuurman, Nadine; Walker, Blake; Swanlund, David; Amram, Ofer; Yanchar, Natalie L. (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020)
Road traffic injuries constitute a significant global health burden; the World Health Organization estimates that they result in 1.35 million deaths annually. While most pedestrian injury studies rely predominantly on statistical modelling, this paper argues for a mixed-methods approach combining spatial analysis, environmental scans, and local knowledge for assessing environmental risk factors. Using data from the Nova Scotia Trauma Registry, severe pedestrian injury cases and ten corresponding hotspots were mapped across the Halifax Regional Municipality. Using qualitative observation, quantitative environmental scans, and a socioeconomic deprivation index, we assessed hotspots over three years to identify key social-and built-environmental correlates. Injuries occurred in a range of settings; however, clear patterns were not observed based on land use, age, or socio-economic status (SES) alone. Three hotspots revealed an association between elevated pedestrian injury and a pattern of geographic, environmental, and socio-economic factors: low-to middle-SES housing separated from a roadside attraction by several lanes of traffic, and blind hills/bends. An additional generalized scenario was constructed representing common risk factors across all hotspots. This study is unique in that it moves beyond individual measures (e.g., statistical, environmental scans, or geographic information systems (GIS) mapping) to combine all three methods toward identifying environmental features associated with pedestrian motor vehicle crashes (PMVC).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-04-07
Keywords: Geographic information systems; Hotspots; Mapping; Mixed methods; Pedestrian injury; Socio-economic status

Qualitative Geographische Informationssysteme - Bittner, Christian; Michel, Boris (Sozialraum erforschen: Qualitative Methoden in der Geographie, 2018)

Quantifying empirical relations between planted species mixtures and canopy reflectance with PROTEST - Feilhauer, Hannes; Oerke, Erich-Christian; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010)
Mapping plant species composition of mixed vegetation stands with remote sensing is a complicated task. Uncertainties may arise from similar spectral signatures of different plant species as well as from variable influences of prevailing plant states (e.g., growth stages, vigor, or stress levels). Despite these uncertainties, empirical approaches may often be able to take up the challenge. However, their performance is likely to be affected by the temporal variability of empirical relations between reflectance and plant species composition. To assess some aspects of this temporal variability, we performed a greenhouse study. Three mixed stands of grassland species were planted with defined spatial variation in species proportions. The canopy reflectance of these mixed stands was measured with a field spectrometer over a period of three months. Confounding external influences on plant states apart from maturation were minimized. The suitability of canopy reflectance and derivative reflectance to draw conclusions on differences in qualitative species mixtures between the stands was tested with a classification approach (Spectral Angle Mapper, SAM). Procrustean randomization test (PROTEST), which is to our knowledge new to the field of remote sensing, was applied in combination with Isometric Feature Mapping to quantify the spectral variation caused by within-stand spatial variation in species proportions. Model fits in both analyses increased with progressing plant development; further, utilization of derivative reflectance improved the model fits. Regardless of the within-stand variation, SAM enabled a successful discrimination of the three stands with an average overall accuracy of 85% (reflectance) and 92% (derivative reflectance). In PROTEST analysis, spatial variation in reflectance was successfully related to within-stand variation in species proportions. However, observed influences of variable growth stages and health states on these relations were considerable. The temporal variation of these relations (r = 0.27-0.73 for reflectance and 0.48-0.73 for derivative reflectance) was quantified for the first time under controlled conditions. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Floristic gradients; Grassland; ISOMAP; Isometric Feature Mapping; Procrustes analysis; Remote sensing; Spectral angle

Quantitative relative humidity reconstruction combining tree-ring with ice core oxygen isotope records - Wu, Yaling; Hu, Chaoyong; Hu, Zunyu; Liu, Yuhui; Bräuning, Achim (Journal of Hydrology, 2023)
As one of the driest regions in the Asia, the ecological conditions in Northwest China are very fragile. Although relative humidity (RH) plays a vital role in the environment, the lack of long-term RH records hinders the development of reliable scenarios for future extreme environmental conditions in this region. We developed a new method for quantitative regional RH reconstruction; in this method, the signals of precipitation oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) and temperature in the tree-ring δ18O series are removed to extract the RH signal from the tree-ring δ18O records to the greatest extent. We then combined published millennium tree-ring δ18O, ice core δ18O, and paleo-temperature data to reconstruct a new millennium-long RH record around Delingha, Qinghai, China, on the edge of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP). The reconstructed RH was closely related to both temperature and rainfall, and revealed cycles of approximately 35, 85, 130–160 and 200 years, which are associated with solar insolation variations, Pacific decadal oscillation, and the Atlantic multidecadal variability. With continuous global warming, RH may decrease as the contribution of the temperature increase becomes larger than that of the precipitation over the northeastern TP. This study provides a basis for a new method of RH reconstruction based on different paleoclimate archives.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-01-27
Keywords: Ice core; Last millennium; Oxygen isotope; Relative humidity; Tree-ring

Quartz grain surfaces - A potential microarchive for sedimentation processes and parent material identification in soils of Jordan - Kemnitz, Helga; Lucke, Bernhard (Catena, 2019)
Using SEM-supported microsurface and analytical methods we studied quartz and rare feldspar grains of the sand fraction > 250 mu m from three soil profiles in Jordan. The soils including a Lithosol are of different maturity and diagenetic alteration of their bed rocks, which are sandstone, limestone, and basalt. The profiles had been investigated during projects on the environmental history of the region, whereas the quartz grain surface analysis (QGSA) that has been applied for the first time to Jordan soils is an essential part of a supplementary study that was initiated when findings of unusual mineral components in a red basalt soil raised questions of their source and the history of this soil.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2019-04-09

Quaternary influx of proximal coarse-grained dust altered circum-Mediterranean soil productivity and impacted early human culture - Lucke, Bernhard (Geology, 2021)
Amit et al. (2021) propose that grains of coarse silt-sized quartz in soils of the southern Levant originate from long-term Pleistocene abrasion of silt-sized quartz particles from moving dune sand, such as in the Sinai-Negev dune field, Israel, and related loess deposits (Crouvi et al., 2008). Their article attempts to muster additional support for this theory by constructing a narrative employing archaeology and land use history as witnesses of the role of silt-sized quartz grains for soil productivity and the emergence of civilizations in the southern Levant. According to this hypothesis, the construction of ancient agricultural terraces was bound to sufficient hilltop soil cover, whereas away from desert quartz sources, e.g. in the Galilee and in Crete, soils were too thin for this practice. Thus, Lebanon should not host such terraces due to a lack of coarse quartz silt, but, in fact, terraces remains cover 7% of her territory (Masri et al., 2002). Crete is also not devoid of terrace remains (Orengo and Knappett, 2018) and they are abundant in nearby islands (Bevan et al., 2013). Ancient terrace construction did not depend on sufficiently deep hilltop soils: research at Petra in Jordan demonstrated that Nabatean runoff-irrigated terraces harvested not only water, but also aeolian sediments, thus creating fertile soils on previously barren rocks (Lucke et al., 2019). Moreover, agriculture has been practiced on various soils of the southern Levant, favorably on colluvial soils of local depressions (Singer, 2007).
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-11-19

Quaternary Paleosols, Tephra Deposits and Landscape History in South Kamchatka, Russia - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Catena, 2000)
Paleosols developed in various glacial and glaciofluvial deposits of potentially different ages in the southern Kamchatka peninsula of Russia are covered by multiple layers of volcanic ash and have been affected by permafrost. Weathering indices and iron fractionation data indicate slight differences in soil development between the paleosols on terminal moraines and associated terraces of two different ages in the central part of the region, suggesting that the two depositional phases were separated by an interstadial rather than an interglacial. According to the extent of weathering and the age of the oldest tephra overlying the paleosols (ca. 8000 BP), both sets of deposits are of Late Pleistocene age. Glacial deposits on the west coast of the peninsula differ from those on the east in containing ice-wedge casts. Also, the paleosol here is less developed and is covered by lake sediments as well as tephra units. The oldest tephra, dated to ca. 40,000 BP, is present only in the west, suggesting that the western glacial deposits date from an older (Middle Pleistocene?) glaciation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-06:Pub.2000.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.quater
Keywords: Glacial deposits; Iron oxides; Paleosols; Tephra; Weathering indices

Questioning Transjordan's historic desertification: A critical review of the paradigm of 'empty lands' - Lucke, Bernhard; Shunnaq, Mohammed; Walker, Bethany; Shiyab, Atef; Al-Muheisen, Zeidoun; Al-Sababha, Hussein; Bäumler, Rupert; Schmidt, Michael (Levant, 2012)
European travel reports of the 19th century and excavations in Transjordan created the impression that population numbers were strongly reduced during the Islamic periods, leading to 'empty' lands which were only resettled during the early 20th century. This development was considered to be caused by bad (Muslim) governance, nomadic incursions, and environmental degradation. However, our case study near the ancient site Abila of the Decapolis in northern Jordan found that the land was never empty and always fertile, but there is evidence for a rapid and intense landscape change during the Late Byzantine period. This was probably caused by a significant shift to aridity which also triggered socio-economic changes in subsistence strategies from agriculture to nomadism. The climatic change seems to have occurred rapidly within approximately 100 years in the late 6th and early 7th centuries AD and was accompanied by heavy rainfall events. It might have been caused or triggered by the climatic event of the 'Mystery Veil' which the Byzantine historian Procopius described in the year 536 AD. During the Medieval period, settlement density increased again until another decline took place in the late Ottoman period. However, the vicinity of Abila was probably never abandoned and the continuity of place names speaks against a larger exchange of population. Rising population numbers and favourable climatic conditions in the early 20th century caused most tribes to settle again, which improved government control. © Council for British Research in the Levant 2012.
Keywords: Abandonment; Abila of the decapolis; Climate change; Land degradation; Mystery Veil; Overgrazing

Radar glacier zones and their boundaries as indicators of glacier mass balance and climatic variability - Braun, Matthias; et al. (EARSeL eProceedings, 2001)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2001.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.radarg

Radatlas Nürnberg : Fränkische Schweiz, Frankenalb, Fränkisches Seenland, romantisches Franken, Aischgrund. Rodingersdorf 2007 - Hübner, Thomas (2008)

Radial stem growth of Tabebuia chrysantha (Bignoniaceae) in Southern Ecuador - Volland, Franziska; Ganzhi Tacuri, José Oswaldo; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 9: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2010 Scientific Technical Report STR 11/07, GFZ Potsdam, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.stemgr

Radial stem variations of Tabebuia chrysantha (Bignoniaceae) in different tropical forest ecosystems of southern Ecuador - Volland, Franziska; Bräuning, Achim; Ganzhi, Oswaldo; Peters, Thorsten; Maza Chamba, Héctor (Trees-Structure and Function, 2011)
Stem diameter increments of the broadleaved deciduous tree species Tabebuia chrysantha were measured with high-resolution dendrometers in a tropical lower montane forest and in a dry forest in southern Ecuador, the latter showing a distinct dry season. Those analyses were complemented by wood anatomical studies on regularly collected microcores to determine the season of active cambial growth and the time of formation of annual growth boundaries. The length of the cambial active period varied between 3 and 7 months at the tropical lower montane forest and 2 and 4 months in the dry forest, respectively. During dry days, amplitudes of daily stem diameter variations correlated with vapour pressure deficit. During October and November, inter-annual climate variations may lead to dry and sunny conditions in the tropical lower montane forest, causing water deficit and stem diameter shrinkage in T. chrysantha. The results of the climate-growth analysis show a positive relationship between tree growth and rainfall as well as vapour pressure deficit in certain periods of the year, indicating that rainfall plays a major role for tree growth. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.radial
Keywords: Dendroecology; Dendrometer; Ecuador; Tabebuia chrysantha; Tropical mountain forest; Wood anatomy

Radiation and Heat in the Tropics - Peters, Thorsten (Tropical Forestry Handbook, 2014)

Radionik : Elektronik zum Anfassen. Hirschau 1989 - Hübner, Thomas (1989)

Radke, Horst-Dieter: Franken : Schlösser und Burgen. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2022 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Radke, Horst-Dieter: Geheime Orte in Mittel- und Oberfranken : ein Ausflugsführer. Berlin 2016 - Hübner, Thomas (2017)

Radrunde Oberfranken : ein original bikeline-Radtourenbuch / Mitarb.: Birgit Albrecht-Walter u.a. 3., überarb. Aufl. Rodingersdorf 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Radverkehr in der Regionalpresse. Eine lexikometrische Analyse des Radverkehrsdiskurses in Regionalzeitungen am Beispiel von Münster und Nürnberg. - Gemeinholzer, Jan (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2017)
Keywords: Radverkehr; Diskursanalyse; Lexikometrie; Kampfradler; Leezenritter; Verkehr; PHP; Gephi

Rainfall history for the Hexi Corridor in the arid northwest China during the past 620 years derived from tree rings. - Yang, Bao; Qin, Chun; Bräuning, Achim; Burchardt, Iris; Jingjing, Liu (International Journal of Climatology, 2011)
We present a 620-year long ring width record from the middle Qilian Mountains, where it is presently controlled by the Westerlies. The chronology was developed from Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii) growing at sites near the western distribution limit of the species in the northern Qilian Mountains, Gansu Province, China. A linear regression model between ring width and annual (July to June) precipitation accounts for 34.9% of the observed instrumental precipitation variance during the period 1952 to 2007. Spatial correlation analyses between the reconstruction and gridded precipitation data shows that the annual precipitation reconstruction captures regional climatic variations over the Qilian Mountains and the nearby Hexi Corridor. We also show the scaled standard chronology adjusted to the mean and variance of the instrumental data. Relatively wet periods are identified for AD 1390–1413, 1425–1450, 1530–1649, 1792–1920, 1937–1949 and 1980–1985. Dry conditions prevailed during AD 1414–1424, 1451–1529, 1650–1791, 1921–1936, 1950–1979 and 1986–2007. In comparison with the regression-based reconstruction, the scaled reconstruction indicates considerably wetter conditions during 1390–1413, 1425–1450, 1570–1630 and 1790–1920. The interval AD 1451–1529 was the most intense and longest drought epoch in the Hexi Corridor over the past six centuries. This drought was not only recorded in the Qilian Mountains but also occurred in northern and eastern China. It might be caused by a substantial weakening of the Asian summer monsoon induced by the joint effects of solar and volcanic activities at that time. Our results also suggest that the Hexi Corridor was under the control of the Asian monsoon circulation on inter-decadal to centennial timescales in the past centuries.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.rainfa

Random feature selection for decision tree classification of multi-temporal SAR data - Braun, Matthias; Waske, Björn; van der Linden, Sebastian (International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2006)
The accuracy of supervised land cover classifications depends on variables like the chosen algorithm, adequate training data and the selection of features. It has been shown that classification results can be improved by classifier ensembles. In the present study decision trees have been generated with random selections of all available features and combined into such a multiple classifier. The influence of the number of selected features and the size of the multiple classifiers on classification accuracy is investigated using a set of 14 SAR images. Results of multiple classifiers are always better than those of a decision tree based on all available features. Maximum accuracies were achieved with multiple classifiers that use decision trees based on 70% of the available features. The visual inspection of produced maps underlines the high quality of the results. The area is classified into homogeneous fields with little noise, only.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2006.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.random
Keywords: Classification; Decision tree; Multi-temporal; Multiple classifiers; Random feature selection; SAR

Random forests for classifying multi-temporal SAR data - Braun, Matthias; et al. (ESA ENVISAT Symposium 2007, 2007)
The accuracy of supervised land cover classifications depends on several factors like the chosen algorithm, adequate training data and the selection of features. In regard to multi-temporal remote sensing imagery statistical classifier are often not applicable. In the study presented here, a Random Forest was applied to a SAR data set, consisting of 15 acquisitions. A detailed accuracy assessment shows that the Random Forest significantly increases the efficiency of the single decision tree and can outperform other classifiers in terms of accuracy. A visual interpretation confirms the statistical accuracy assessment. The imagery is classified into more homogeneous regions and the noise is significantly decreased. The additional time needed for the generation of Random Forests is little and can be justified. It is still a lot faster than other state-of-the-art classifier
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.random

„Rap als Stimme aus den ,banlieues´“ In: Krise der Banlieues und die politique de la ville in Frankreich - Tijé-Dra, Andreas (Geographische Rundschau, 2012)

Rapid glacier retreat and downwasting throughout the European Alps in the early 21st century - Sommer, Christian; Malz, Philipp; Seehaus, Thorsten; Lippl, Stefan; Zemp, Michael; Braun, Matthias (Nature Communications, 2020)
Mountain glaciers are known to be strongly affected by global climate change. Here we compute temporally consistent changes in glacier area, surface elevation and ice mass over the entire European Alps between 2000 and 2014. We apply remote sensing techniques on an extensive database of optical and radar imagery covering 93% of the total Alpine glacier volume. Our results reveal rapid glacier retreat across the Alps (−39 km² a−1) with regionally variable ice thickness changes (−0.5 to −0.9 m a−1). The strongest downwasting is observed in the Swiss Glarus and Lepontine Alps with specific mass change rates up to −1.03 m.w.e. a−1. For the entire Alps a mass loss of 1.3 ± 0.2 Gt a−1 (2000–2014) is estimated. Compared to previous studies, our estimated mass changes are similar for the central Alps, but less negative for the lower mountain ranges. These observations provide important information for future research on various socio-economic impacts like water resource management, risk assessments and tourism.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-07-03

Rapper vs. Polizei? Zu einem französischen Verhältnis - Tijé-Dra, Andreas (sub. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung, 2014)

Raumbezogene Erinnerungspolitiken an Beispielen aus Fürth, Nürnberg, Erlangen. Bericht zu einer Lehrforschung zwischen historischer Geographie und politischen Geographien der Erinnerung - Michel, Boris; Paulus, Katharina (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2018)

Räume sind politisch! Die Perspektive der Diskurs- und Hegemonietheorie. - Glasze, Georg; Wullweber, Joscha (Theorien in der Raum- und Stadtforschung. Einführungen, 2014)

Raumfahrt-Bibliographie : ein Verzeichnis nichttechnischer deutschsprachiger Literatur von 1923 bis 1997 - Hübner, Thomas (Raumfahrt-Info-Dienst, 1998)
Keywords: Raumfahrt; Bibliographie

Räumlicher Kontext und aktuelle Herausforderungen für die Planung - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (Raumordnung in Luxemburg Aménagement du Territoire au Luxembourg, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.rumlic

Räumliche Variabilität der Schneeoberfläche im Hinblick auf die Lawinenbildung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Oberflächenreifschichten - Feick, Sebastian (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2016-07-26:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.rumlic

Raumordnung in Luxemburg Aménagement du Territoire au Luxembourg - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (.Binsfeld, 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.raumor

Raumordnung in Luxemburg - Aménagement du Territoire au Luxembourg - Chilla, Tobias; Schulz, Christian (., 2011)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.pgeog.daspla

Raumproduktionen - Michel, Boris; Belina, Bernd (Raumproduktionen. Beiträge der Radical Geography, 2007)

Raumproduktionen II. Theoretische Kontroversen und politische Auseinandersetzungen - Vogelpohl, Anne; Michel, Boris; Lebuhn, Henrik; Hoerning, Johanna; Belina, Bernd (Westfälisches Dampfboot, 2018)

Raumsonde Galileo : Aufbruch zum Jupiter. Stuttgart 1998 - Hübner, Thomas (1999)

Raum und Region in Fernsehkrimis – eine mediengeographische Analyse von Verortungspraktiken in ausgewählten ZDF-Vorabendserien - Baumann, Christoph (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2010)

Raumwissenschaftlich-quantitive Ansätze in der Geographie - Elrick, Tim (Methoden-Lexikon für die Sozialwissenschaften, 2014)

Reactions and recovery times of Fagus sylvatica after drought events derived from of ring width and maximum latewood density - Meinardus, Cathrin; Bayer, E.-M.; Lasermann, Bruno; Singer, A.; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)

Realität - Virtualität - Zukunft - Geiselhart, Klaus (VirtuReal Soundscapes Teil 1: Variationen auf Virtual Audio, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.realit_7

Realities and myths of the Teresken Syndrome - An evaluation of the exploitation of dwarf shrub resources in the Eastern Pamirs of Tajikistan - Kraudzun, Tobias; Vanselow, Kim; Samimi, Cyrus (Journal of Environmental Management, 2014)
We argue that the term 'Teresken Syndrome', which was introduced after the emergency replacement of Soviet coal supplies by dwarf shrubs in the 1990s, is not appropriate anymore to describe the current use of natural resources in the Eastern Pamirs. However, under the current economic circumstances the nexus remains that the Pamir people are caught in the dilemma of using dwarf shrubs as energy and as forage resource. However, the observed negotiation practices concerning competitive use between dwarf shrub extractors and herders could be developed into community-based management schemes of this common pool resource. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Natural resources; Thermal energy; Firewood extraction; Land degradation; Post-Soviet transformation; Pastoralism

Reanalysis datasets outperform other gridded climate products in vegetation change analysis in peripheral conservation areas of Central Asia - Zandler, Harald; Senftl, Thomas; Vanselow, Kim (Scientific Reports, 2020)
Global environmental research requires long-term climate data. Yet, meteorological infrastructure is missing in the vast majority of the world's protected areas. Therefore, gridded products are frequently used as the only available climate data source in peripheral regions. However, associated evaluations are commonly biased towards well observed areas and consequently, station-based datasets. As evaluations on vegetation monitoring abilities are lacking for regions with poor data availability, we analyzed the potential of several state-of-the-art climate datasets (CHIRPS, CRU, ERA5-Land, GPCC-Monitoring-Product, IMERG-GPM, MERRA-2, MODIS-MOD10A1) for assessing NDVI anomalies (MODIS-MOD13Q1) in two particularly suitable remote conservation areas. We calculated anomalies of 156 climate variables and seasonal periods during 2001-2018, correlated these with vegetation anomalies while taking the multiple comparison problem into consideration, and computed their spatial performance to derive suitable parameters. Our results showed that four datasets (MERRA-2, ERA5-Land, MOD10A1, CRU) were suitable for vegetation analysis in both regions, by showing significant correlations controlled at a false discovery rate<5% and in more than half of the analyzed areas. Cross-validated variable selection and importance assessment based on the Boruta algorithm indicated high importance of the reanalysis datasets ERA5-Land and MERRA-2 in both areas but higher differences and variability between the regions with all other products. CHIRPS, GPCC and the bias-corrected version of MERRA-2 were unsuitable and not important in both regions. We provide evidence that reanalysis datasets are most suitable for spatiotemporally consistent environmental analysis whereas gauge- or satellite-based products and their combinations are highly variable and may not be applicable in peripheral areas.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-01-29

Reanalysis of a 10-year record (2004–2013) of seasonal mass balances at Langenferner/Vedretta Lunga, Ortler Alps, Italy - Galos, Stephan; Klug, Christoph; Maussion, Fabien; Covi, Francesco; Nicholson, Lindsey; Rieg, Lorenzo; Gurgiser, Wolfgang; Mölg, Thomas; Kaser, Georg (Cryosphere, 2017)

Reasoning matters: Transrational traits of healing in competing medical epistemes in Botswana - Geiselhart, Klaus (South African Journal of Philosophy, 2018)
The WHO suggests integrating traditional health practices into national public health systems. However, cooperation between both systems of healing seldom works. Traditional healing practices often attract accusations of irrationality and mysticism. From a scientific point of view, inferences based on spirituality are not considered as having the same significance as those drawing on rational thinking. However, spiritual intuition is in line with abductive reasoning, which is a core element across all systems of thinking and central to the development of new hypotheses in the sciences. Traditional healing practices in Botswana serve to present the notion of transrationality, which appreciates the specific character of spiritual healing and thus may aid in establishing better cooperation between traditional and modern health practitioner
Keywords: conceptual decolonization; public health; spirituality; rationality; traditional healing

Reasons for an outstanding plant diversity in the tropical Andes of Southern Ecuador - Richter, Michael; Diertl, Karl-Heinz; Emck, Paul; Peters, Thorsten; Beck, Erwin (Landscape Online, 2009)
Long-term field studies in the scope of a multidisciplinary project in southern Ecuador revealed extraordinary high species numbers of many organismic groups. This article discusses reasons for the outstanding vascular plant diversity using a hierarchical scale-oriented top-down approach (Grüninger 2005), from the global scale to the local microscale. The global scale explains general (paleo-) ecological factors valid for most parts of the humid tropics, addressing various hypotheses and theories, such as the "greater effective evolutionary time", constant input of "accidentals", the "seasonal variability hypothesis", the "intermediate disturbance hypothesis", and the impact of soil fertility. The macroscale focuses on the Andes in northwestern South America. The tropical Andes are characterised by many taxa of restricted range which is particularly true for the Amotape-Huancabamba region, i.e. the so called Andean Depression, which is effective as discrete phytogeographic transition as well as barrier zone. Interdigitation of northern and southern flora elements, habitat fragmentation, geological and landscape history, and a high speciation rate due to rapid genetic radiation of some taxa contribute to a high degree of diversification. The mesoscale deals with the special environmental features of the eastern mountain range, the Cordillera Real and surrounding areas in southern Ecuador. Various climatic characteristics, the orographic heterogeneity, the geologic and edaphic conditions as well as human impact are the most prominent factors augmenting plant species diversity. On microscale, prevailing regimes of disturbance and environmental stresses, the orographic basement, as well as the general role on the various mountain chains are considered. Here, micro-habitats e.g. niches for epiphytes, effects of micro-relief patterns, and successions after small-sized disturbance events are screened. Direct effects of human impact are addressed and a perspective of possible effects of climate change on plant diversity is presented. © 2009 IALE-D.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.reason
Keywords: Andean depression; Disturbance ecology; Scale dependent approach; Tropical mountain forests; Vascular plant diversity

Recalibrating the Quantitative Revolution in Geography: Travels, Networks, Translations - Gyuris, Ferenc; Michel, Boris; Paulus, Katharina (Taylor and Francis, 2022)
This book brings together international research on the quantitative revolution in geography. It offers perspectives from a wide range of contexts and national traditions that decenter the Anglo-centric discussions. The mid-20th-century quantitative revolution is frequently regarded as a decisive moment in the history of geography, transforming it into a modern and applied spatial science. This book highlights the different temporalities and spatialities of local geographies laying the ground for a global history of a specific mode of geographical thought. It contributes to the contemporary discussions around the geographies and mobilities of knowledge, notions of worlding, linguistic privilege, decolonizing and internationalizing of geographic knowledge. This book will be of interest to researchers, postgraduates and advance students in geography and those interested in the spatial sciences.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-11-04

Recent advances in dendroclimatology in China - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Rossi, Sergio; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Shishov, Vladimir; Grießinger, Jussi; Wang, Jianglin; Liu, Jingjing; Qin, Chun (Earth-Science Reviews, 2019)
Considerable progress has been made in dendroclimatological research in China during the period 2000–2017, including a significant increase in the spatial coverage of tree-ring chronologies developed for paleoclimatic research. New tree-ring sampling sites have been established across the Tibetan Plateau, as well as the northeastern and sub-tropical eastern parts of China. Most of the studies use coniferous trees, although different plant functional types (e.g., broadleaf species and shrubs) have also been increasingly investigated. Tree-ring chronologies longer than 600 years, however, are mostly found on the Tibetan Plateau, with the longest one extending back to 2637 BCE (before Common Era). Most tree-ring records in the eastern parts of China are <400 years long. Tree-ring width is the most commonly studied parameter, although stable isotope ratios and wood density data have also been obtained for specific sites. Stable oxygen isotope data frequently shares a common hydroclimate signal, whereas the climate or environmental signals remain inconsistent for the few available stable carbon isotope records. In general, tree-ring width-based temperature reconstructions originate from higher elevation sites (i.e., treeline) compared to hydroclimate reconstructions. Precipitation or drought reconstructions are mainly obtained from regions with an annual precipitation of <800 mm. Most of the tree-ring reconstructions are based on individual site or local-scale chronologies, although a limited number of regional-scale and field reconstructions have been produced. The most prominent identified characteristics of the recent advances in dendroclimatological research for China have manifested in aspects such as an expanded network of sampling sites, improved climate reconstruction methodology, and improved uncertainty estimations in the latter. Furthermore, the traditional statistical-based tree growth–climate relationships have been supplemented by monitoring and modeling approaches. Based on the progress from 2000 to 2017, and on the research potential of the country in this field, we expect additional widening of the dendroclimatological investigations in China during the coming years.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-05-28
Keywords: China; Climate change; Dendroclimatology; Hydroclimate reconstructions; Temperature reconstructions; Tree growth

Recent Atmospheric Variability at Kibo Summit, Kilimanjaro, and Its Relation to Climate Mode Activity - Collier, Sarah; Mölg, Thomas; Sauter, Tobias (Journal of Climate, 2018)

Recent CO2 rise has modified the sensitivity of tropical tree growth to rainfall and temperature - Zuidema, Pieter A.; Heinrich, Ingo; Rahman, Mizanur; Vlam, Mart; Zwartsenberg, Sophie A.; van der Sleen, Peter (Global Change Biology, 2020)
Atmospheric CO2 (ca) rise changes the physiology and possibly growth of tropical trees, but these effects are likely modified by climate. Such ca × climate interactions importantly drive CO2 fertilization effects of tropical forests predicted by global vegetation models, but have not been tested empirically. Here we use tree-ring analyses to quantify how ca rise has shifted the sensitivity of tree stem growth to annual fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. We hypothesized that ca rise reduces drought sensitivity and increases temperature sensitivity of growth, by reducing transpiration and increasing leaf temperature. These responses were expected for cooler sites. At warmer sites, ca rise may cause leaf temperatures to frequently exceed the optimum for photosynthesis, and thus induce increased drought sensitivity and stronger negative effects of temperature. We tested these hypotheses using measurements of 5,318 annual rings from 129 trees of the widely distributed (sub-)tropical tree species, Toona ciliata. We studied growth responses during 1950–2014, a period during which ca rose by 28%. Tree-ring data were obtained from two cooler (mean annual temperature: 20.5–20.7°C) and two warmer (23.5–24.8°C) sites. We tested ca × climate interactions, using mixed-effect models of ring-width measurements. Our statistical models revealed several significant and robust ca × climate interactions. At cooler sites (and seasons), ca × climate interactions showed good agreement with hypothesized growth responses of reduced drought sensitivity and increased temperature sensitivity. At warmer sites, drought sensitivity increased with increasing ca, as predicted, and hot years caused stronger growth reduction at high ca. Overall, ca rise has significantly modified sensitivity of Toona stem growth to climatic variation, but these changes depended on mean climate. Our study suggests that effects of ca rise on tropical tree growth may be more complex and less stimulatory than commonly assumed and require a better representation in global vegetation models.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-02
Keywords: climate–growth relations; CO; CO; CO; dendrochronology; Toona ciliata; tropical forest canopy; tropical tree

Recent decadal drought reverts warming-triggered growth enhancement in contrasting climates in the southern Andes tree line - Fajardo, Alex; Gazol, Antonio; Mayr, Christoph; Camarero, J. Julio (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aims: Rising temperature and declining summer precipitation due to the 1970s-climate shift in southern South America have reduced forest productivity at dry sites. Here, we worked with the most widespread Southern Hemisphere tree line species, Nothofagus pumilio, across contrasting climatic conditions and determined whether rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations as well as warmer and drier climatic conditions provoked by the 70s-climatic shift have been causing systematic changes in tree line growth rates and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Location: 36–54°S, southern Andes. Time period: 1950–2010. Major taxa studied: Nothofagus pumilio. Methods: We worked at five disparate climatic tree line locations, spanning 18 degrees of latitude; at each location, we sampled trees at four different elevations, including tree line elevation. We quantified the variation in annual tree-ring width (TRW) as a function of climate, elevation, tree age, size, annual CO2 concentrations and location, using linear mixed-effects models and interpreted TRW trends in relation to iWUE and isotope (δ13C and δ18O) signalling. Results: Across locations, the patterns of tree line growth occurring in the 1980–2010 period exhibited a clear and significant negative trend, in contrast to the previous 1950–1980 period. We found an increase in iWUE and δ18O across time and locations. Given that an increase in δ18O indicates a decrease in stomatal conductance, we assert that drought-induced stomatal closure appears to be causing the reduction in growth. Main conclusions: We show unequivocal evidence that warmer and drier summer conditions translated into a decrease in growth rates along the elevational tree line of the southern Andes, reverting previous growth improvements linked to climate warming. An improvement in iWUE at all locations is most likely explained by decreased stomatal conductance given the rising δ18O signal. An iWUE–growth decoupling may act as an ecological strategy to respond to drought.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-06-18
Keywords: carbon isotopes; climate change; Nothofagus pumilio; oxygen isotopes; Patagonia; plant–climate interactions; tree rings; water-use efficiency

Recent dynamic changes on Fleming Glacier after the disintegration of Wordie Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula - Friedl, Peter; Seehaus, Thorsten; Wendt, Anja; Braun, Matthias; Hoeppner, Kathrin (Cryosphere, 2018)

Recent ecological responses to climate variability and human impacts in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains (eastern Tibetan Plateau) inferred from pollen, diatom and tree-ring data. - Wischnewski, Juliane; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Rühland, Kathleen M.; Bräuning, Achim; Mischke, Steffen; Smol, John P.; Wang, Lily (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2014)
The Tibetan Plateau is a region that is highly sensitive to recent global warming, but the complexity and heterogeneity of its mountainous landscape can result in variable responses. In addition, the scarcity and brevity of regional instrumental and palaeoecological records still hamper our understanding of past and present patterns of environmental change. To investigate how the remote, high-alpine environments of the Nianbaoyeze Mountains, eastern Tibetan Plateau, are affected by climate change and human activity over the last 600 years, we compared regional tree-ring studies with pollen and diatom remains archived in the dated sediments of Dongerwuka Lake (33.22°N, 101.12°E, 4,307 m a.s.l.). In agreement with previous studies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a strong coherence between our two juniper-based tree-ring chronologies from the Nianbaoyeze and the Anemaqin Mountains was observed, with pronounced cyclical variations in summer temperature reconstructions. A positive directional trend to warmer summer temperatures in the most recent decades, was, however, not observed in the tree-ring record. Likewise, our pollen and diatom spectra showed minimal change over the investigated time period. Although modest, the most notable change in the diatom relative abundances was a subtle decrease in the dominant planktonic Cyclotella ocellata and a concurrent increase in small, benthic fragilarioid taxa in the 1820s, suggesting higher ecosystem variability. The pollen record subtly indicates three periods of increased cattle grazing activity ( 1400-1480 AD, 1630-1760 AD, after 1850 AD), but shows generally no significant vegetation changes during past 600 years. The minimal changes observed in the tree-ring, diatom and pollen records are consistent with the presence of localised cooling centres that are evident in instrumental and tree-ring data within the southeastern and eastern Tibetan Plateau. Given the minor changes in regional temperature records, our complacent palaeoecological profiles suggest that climatically induced ecological thresholds have not yet been crossed in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains region.
Keywords: Climate change; Diatoms; Human impact; Nianbaoyeze Mountains; Pollen; Tibetan Plateau; Tree-ring

Recent retreat of Wilkins Ice Shelf reveals new insights in ice shelf break-up mechanisms - Braun, Matthias; Humbert, Angelika (IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.recent

Rechtliche und politische Rahmenbedingungen als Grundlage für sozial-ökologische Transformationen. Die Themenfelder Nachhaltigkeit, ländliche Räume, Klima- und Gewässerschutz, Biodiversität, Wald, Landwirtschaft und Energie - Pohle, Perdita; Brönner, Maximilian; Gerique-Zipfel, Andres; Kieslinger, Julia; Lederer, Lauritz (Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2021)

Reclaiming the European City and Lobbying for Privilege: Business Improvement Districts in Germany - Michel, Boris; Stein, Christian (Urban Affairs Review, 2015)
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are an increasing global phenomenon. In diverse places, they are established and sought of as helpful means to improve urban places. BIDs are frequently seen as a showcase for new forms of globalizing urban policies. This paper contrasts and broadens the frequent examples from the United States and the United Kingdom with experiences from Germany. We argue that this presents not just another example of BIDs as a mode of global neoliberal urban governance in yet another country. Instead, our case study highlights the elasticity and resilience of said concept and the impact of local trajectories on the mobilization of modes of urban governance. Compared with other places, BIDs in Germany remain relatively weak in terms of financial power. Nonetheless, the case of Hamburg shows how they are made suitable for discourses and practices of a neoliberalized “European City.”.
Keywords: Business Improvement Districts; Hamburg; mobile urbanism; policy transfer

Reconstructing glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age in SE Tibet by glacier mapping and equilibrium line altitude calculation. - Loibl, David; Lehmkuhl, Frank; Grießinger, Jussi (Geomorphology, 2014)
<span style="color: rgb(46, 46, 46); font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, 'Cambria Math', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1.010229468345642px;">Temperate glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet, are highly sensitive to climate change and therefore of particular high interest for research on late Holocene changes of the monsoonal climate in High Asia. However, because of the remoteness of the area, the scarcity of empirical data, and the challenges to remote sensing work posed by cloud and snow cover, knowledge about the glacier dynamics and changes in this region is still very limited. In this study, we applied a remote sensing approach in which 1964 glaciers were mapped from a Landsat ETM+ scene and subsequently parameterized by DEM-supported measurements. Geomorphological evidence, i.e., trimlines and latero-frontal moraines, were used to obtain quantitative data on the glaciers' morphological characteristics and the changes since the Little Ice Age (LIA) maximum glacier advance. Statistical analysis of glacier length change revealed an average retreat of  27% and a trend toward stronger retreat for smaller glaciers. An evaluation of different methods to calculate equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) indicates that an optimized toe-to-ridge altitude method (TRAM) is more suitable than other methods in settings with complex topography and a lack of mass balance measurements. A large number of glacier measurements are crucial for high quality of TRAM results, and special attention has to be paid to different glacier characteristics. In order to determine the best-fitting TRAM ratio value and to test the quality of the calculated ELAs, a remote sensing approach was applied: for each investigated glacier, the altitudes of transient snowlines visible in the late summer Landsat scene were measured from the DEM and compared to TRAM results. The interpolated ELA results show a SE–NW gradient ranging from 4400 to 5600 m asl and an average ELA rise of  136 m since the LIA. Because of the high spatial resolution of measurements, the ELA distribution reveals topographic effects down to the catchment scale, specifically orographic rainfall and leeward shielding. The interpretation of these patterns reveals that the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range is influenced by both, the Indian (ISM) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). However, the EASM does not reach the western part of the study area. The results indicate that the monsoonal temperate glaciers' high sensitivity to climate change is driven by two double forcings owing to the coincidence of accumulation and ablation phases.
Keywords: Glacier retreat; Equilibrium line altitude; Remote sensing; GIS; Little Ice Age; Southeastern Tibet

Reconstructing past variations in environmental conditions and paleoproductivity over the last ∼8000 years off north-central Chile (30°S) - Munoz, Praxedes; Rebolledo, Lorena; Dezileau, Laurent; Maldonado, Antonio; Mayr, Christoph; Cárdenas, Paola; Lange, Carina B.; Lalangui, Katherine; Sanchez, Gloria; Salamanca, Marco; Araya, Karen; Jara, Ignacio; et al. (Biogeosciences, 2020)
The aim of this project was to establish past variations in the main oceanographic and climatic features of a transitional semiarid ecosystem on the north-central Chilean coast. We analyzed recent sedimentary records retrieved from two bays, Guanaqueros and Tongoy (30° S), for geochemical and biological analyses, including the following: Sensitive redox trace elements, biogenic opal, total organic carbon (TOC), diatoms and stable isotopes of organic carbon and nitrogen. Three remarkable periods were established with different environmental conditions and productivities: (1) >6600 cal BP, (2) 4500-1800 cal BP and (3) 140 cal BP to the present (2015 CE). The first period was characterized by a remarkably higher productivity (higher diatom abundances and opal) in which large fluxes of organic compounds were also inferred from the accumulation of elements, such as Ba, Ca, Ni, Cd and P, in the sediments. Meanwhile, significantly reduced conditions at the bottom of the bays were suggested based on the large accumulation of Mo, Re and U, showing a peak at 6600 cal BP, when sulfidic conditions could have been present. According to the pollen moisture index (PMI), this was also identified as the driest interval. These conditions should be associated with an intensification of the Southern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone (SPSA) and stronger southerly western winds, emulating La Ninãlike conditions, as has been described for the SE Pacific during the early Holocene and part of the mid-Holocene. During most of the second period, lower productivity was observed; however, a small increase was identified between 3400 and 4000 cal BP, although lower amounts of diatom (valves g-1) and nutrient-type metal accumulations were evident. Anoxic conditions at the bottom of the bays changed to an almost stable suboxic condition during this time interval. The third period was marked by intense oxygenation after 1800 cal BP, as observed by a drastic change in the accumulation of U, Mo and Re. This was followed by a return to more reduced conditions over the past 2 centuries, characterized by a small productivity rise after ∼ 140 cal BP, as suggested by the opal accumulations. Overall, lower primary productivity, lower reduced conditions at the bottom and higher-humidity conditions were established after 6600 cal BP to the present. We suggest that the oxygenation might be associated with a weak effect from the oxygen minimum zone over the shelf and intensified El Nino activity, introducing oxygenated waters to the coastal zones through the propagation of equatorial waves and establishment of conditions that reduced the primary productivity from the mid-Holocene toward the beginning of the modern era.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-12-11

Red mediterranean soils in jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives - Lucke, Bernhard; Kemnitz, Helga; Bäumler, Rupert; Schmidt, Michael (Catena, 2014)
It is disputed whether Terrae Rossae form mainly out of the bedrock residue, from allochthonous material like aerosols, or by isovolumetric replacement. Furthermore, whether they are mainly relic soils or are still forming is subject to debate. These questions were addressed by comparing the geochemistry of several limestone and basalt based Red Mediterranean Soils with Lithosols on sandstone and limestone in Jordan. The bedrock residue was included at all test sites. Paleosols and initial soils on the limestone Regolith of historic ruins delivered insights into the possible time frame of soil development. A major reduction of elements in the soils compared to bedrock could be observed for CaO in carbonaceous, SiO in arenaceous, and FeO and MgO in basaltic rocks. All Terrae Rossae, however, are characterised by a significant increase of SiO, AlO, TiO, FeO, KO, and a range of mainly metallic minor elements that cannot be derived from the bedrock. A reasonable explanation could be input via aeolian transfer of minerals, with clay minerals as the major carrier plus quartz. This input probably originates in Egypt and Sudan and has remained largely unchanged over long periods. Growing aridity during the Holocene has apparently increased the share of silt while clay deposition and soil development has been reduced. At some sites, metasomatic processes have contributed to soil development and might help to explain the depth of some profiles. However, formation of red soils during the Holocene seems very limited, and the Red Mediterranean Soils may represent remains of a paleolandscape. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Aeolian deposition; Isovolumetric replacement; Paleosol; Red Mediterranean Soil; Residue; Terra Rossa

Reduced temperature sensitivity of maximum latewood density formation in high-elevation corsican pines under recent warming - Römer, Philipp; Hartl, Claudia; Schneider, Lea; Bräuning, Achim; Szymczak, Sonja; Huneau, Frédéric; Lebre, Sébastien; Reinig, Frederick; Büntgen, Ulf; Esper, Jan (Atmosphere, 2021)
Maximum latewood density (MXD) measurements from long-lived Black pines (Pinus nigra spp. laricio) growing at the upper treeline in Corsica are one of the few archives to reconstruct southern European summer temperatures at annual resolution back into medieval times. Here, we present a compilation of five MXD chronologies from Corsican pines that contain high-to-low frequency variability between 1168 and 2016 CE and correlate significantly (p < 0.01) with the instrumental April–July and September–October mean temperatures from 1901 to 1980 CE (r = 0.52−0.64). The growth–climate correlations, however, dropped to −0.13 to 0.02 afterward, and scaling the MXD data resulted in a divergence of >1.5◦ C between the colder reconstructed and warmer measured temperatures in the early-21st century. Our findings suggest a warming-induced shift from initially temperature-controlled to drought-prone MXD formation, and therefore question the suitability of using Corsican pine MXD data for climate reconstruction.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-07-16
Keywords: Climate change; Climate signals; Dendroclimatology; France; Mediterranean; Pinus nigra; Tree-ring density

Refining the Late Quaternary tephrochronology for southern South America using the Laguna Potrok Aike sedimentary record - Smith, Rebecca E.; Smith, Victoria C.; Fontijn, Karen; Gebhardt, A. Catalina; Wastegård, Stefan; Zolitschka, Bernd; Ohlendorf, Christian; Stern, Charles; Mayr, Christoph (Quaternary Science Reviews, 2019)
This paper presents a detailed record of volcanism extending back to ∼80 kyr BP for southern South America using the sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike (ICDP expedition 5022; Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project - PASADO). Our analysis of tephra includes the morphology of glass, the mineral componentry, the abundance of glass-shards, lithics and minerals, and the composition of glass-shards in relation to the stratigraphy. Firstly, a reference database of glass compositions of known eruptions in the region was created to enable robust tephra correlations. This includes data published elsewhere, in addition to new glass-shard analyses of proximal tephra deposits from Hudson (eruption units H1 and H2), Aguilera (A1), Reclus (R1, R2-3), Mt Burney (MB1, MB2, MBx, MB1910) and historical Lautaro/Viedma deposits. The analysis of the ninety-four tephra layers observed in the Laguna Potrok Aike sedimentary sequence reveals that twenty-five tephra deposits in the record are the result of primary fallout and are sourced from at least three different volcanoes in the Austral Andean Volcanic Zone (Mt Burney, Reclus, Lautaro/Viedma) and one in the southernmost Southern Volcanic Zone (Hudson). One new correlation to the widespread H1 eruption from Hudson volcano at 8.7 (8.6–9.0) cal ka BP during the Quaternary is identified. The identification of sixty-five discrete deposits that were predominantly volcanic ashes (glass and minerals) with subtle characteristics of reworking (in addition to three likely reworked tephra, and one unknown layer) indicates that care must be taken in the analysis of both visible and invisible tephra layers to decipher their emplacement mechanisms.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-07-02
Keywords: Geochemistry; Lacustrine; PASADO; Patagonia; Quaternary; South America; Stratigraphy; Tephrochronology; Volcanic ash

Reframing Urban Nature-Based Solutions Through Perspectives of Environmental Justice and Privilege - Bauer, Willi (Urban Planning, 2023)
Since its introduction, the concept of "nature-based solutions" has gained much attention, drawing public funds and private investments. Nature-based solutions conceptualise the use of nature in planning as a cost-efficient and sustainable means to address societal, economic, and ecological challenges. However, this "triple win" premise tends to conceal potentially resulting injustices, such as displacement through green gentrification. While these injustices have attracted the atten-tion of environmental justice scholars, as exemplified by the "just green enough" approach, links to the "nature-based solutions" concept are mostly implicit. Further, the concept of environmental privilege, questioning who benefits from created natural amenities, has rarely been taken up. This article, therefore, argues that environmental justice should be linked closely to nature-based solutions. Supported by a theoretical perspective, the article aims at exploring who benefits from, and who loses out on, urban nature-based solutions processes. It builds on a qualitative literature review of the schol-arly landscape on environmental justice and urban greening while linking to nature-based solutions, adding perspectives of environmental privilege. In this, it attempts to offer three important contributions to the current academic discussion. First, the article provides an overview of the debate on urban greening, (in)justice, and environmental privilege. Second, it relates the concept of nature-based solutions to the debate on environmental justice, opening nature-based solutions up for critique and conceptual refinements. Third, it outlines a way forward for reframing nature-based solutions through the lens of environmental justice and privilege. Thus, this article provides a starting point for further discussions on the implementation of just nature-based solutions in cities.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2023-04-21

Refugees in Rural Areas in Germany - Mehl, Peter; Fick, Johanna; Meschter, Diana; Neumeier, Stefan; Osigus, Torsten; Glorius, Birgit; Bürer, Miriam; Gasch, Simone; Schneider, Hanne; Kordel, Stefan; Spenger, David; Weidinger, Tobias; et al. (2023)
The widespread assumption that refugees do not stay in rural regions but are "just passing through" to big cities was not confirmed. Staying in a rural place of residence is favoured by living together in the nuclear family, by friendly contacts with the local population and by one’s own progress in integration. An orientation to stay can be influenced by politics, the local administration and civil society. Civil society in particular contributes to creating bonds to a place of residence.<br

Regieren und Steuern - Dammann, Finn; Glasze, Georg (Handbuch Digitale Geographien, 2021)
Eine Politische Digitale Geographie untersucht, wie mit digitalen Techniken gesellschaftliche Raumverhältnisse verändert und damit Gesellschaften durch Digitalisierung in spezifischer Weise gesteuert werden. Darüber hinaus fasst sie die digitale Transformation grundlegend als einen gestalteten, potenziell umstrittenen, machtvollen und in diesem Sinne politischen Prozess. Aus einer solchen Perspektive heraus fragt sie, wie die digitale Transformation im politischen Denken geformt und in der politischen Praxis gestaltet wird - und nicht zuletzt, welche Raumkonzepte sich in eine solche Steuerung von Digitalisierung einschreiben

Regional curve standardization of visually classified tree-ring features - Hetzer, Timo; Bräuning, Achim; Leuschner, Hanns-Hubert; Szymczak, Sonja; Kuhlemann, Joachim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 10: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2011 Scientific Technical Report STR 12/03, GFZ Potsdam, 2012)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.region

Regionalentwicklung - Chilla, Tobias; Kühne, Olaf; Neufeld, Markus (2016)

Regional extreme climate events on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since AD 1450 inferred from tree rings. - Qin, Chun; Yang, Bao; Bräuning, Achim; Sonechkin, Dmitry M.; Huang, Kai (Global and Planetary Change, 2011)
Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) is a widely distributed tree species growing on south-facing slopes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau in arid northwestern China. We established a tree-ring width network based on two new chronologies and four previously published chronologies. Correlation and response function analyses demonstrate that precipitation positively influences radial growth. Despite of minor differences in local climate-growth relations, precipitation for the annual window between previous July and current June shows consistent positive correlations with ring width at all study sites. Similar to the so called 'pointer year' approach, 'anomalous' growth years were defined to extract extreme climate events for the period AD 1450-2006. We defined a dryness-wetness grade series with five grades of climate events inferred from anomalous year analysis. During the last 50. years, the frequency of wet events increased and that of drought events decreased noticeably, implying that the probability of occurrence of dry years in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau will further decrease in the future if regional warming continues. Combining our proxy records with a historical dryness-wetness record from eastern China, we mapped dryness-wetness patterns over large parts of China. By analyzing the atmospheric pressure patterns at the 850. hPa level over China for selected extreme event years, we found that the confluence of cold and hot air is a precondition for a flood event in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Thus, a counter-clockwise atmospheric circulation centered in south of Lake Baikal only occurs in flood event years.
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2011.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.region
Keywords: Anomalous year; Atmospheric dynamics; Dendroclimatology; Extreme climate events; Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Regionalforschung in der Geographie und interdisziplinäre area studies nach dem cultural turn: eine Einführung - Glasze, Georg; Füller, Henning; Husseini de Araújo, Shadia; Michel, Boris (Geographische Zeitschrift, 2014)
Geography beyond the cultural turn is inclined to understand regions merely as social or discursive constructs. Notwithstanding "regional specialisation" and "intimate regional knowledge", at least traditionally, play an important role in geography. Regional descriptors are still used to frame research questions and regional knowledge is considered to facilitate access to empirical data. Part of a current renaissance of area studies is a debate on a more procedural concept of regions beyond static (and often Eurocentric) denominators. However, this debate is still sparsely connected with regional geography and recent theoretical debates in social and cultural geography. This introduction and the three contributions of this special issue offer some impulses for such exchanges.
Keywords: Area studies; Cultural and social geography; Cultural turn; Regional geography

REGIONALIZATION OF WIND-SPEED DATA TO ANALYSE TREE-LINE WIND CONDITIONS IN THE EASTERN ANDES OF SOUTHERN ECUADOR - Wagemann, Julia; Thies, Boris; Rollenbeck, Rütger; Peters, Thorsten; Bendix, Jörg (Erdkunde, 2015)
This paper presents a method to extrapolate wind-speed data and to calculate wind-speed and dynamic pressure maps for the complex topography of a mountain rainforest area in the tropical Andes of southeastern Ecuador. The spatial differentiation of dynamic wind pressure in this area is claimed to be a major determinant of the altitude of the tree-line ecotone and to affect the tree line’s physiognomy. The paper presents a hybrid method encompassing statistical data analysis using the Weibull distribution and a digital terrain analysis, taking topographical shelter effects into account. The method is used to derive mean and maximum wind-speed and dynamic pressure maps to reveal whether the tree-line ecotone is influenced by direct wind effects. On average, the tree-line ecotone on the eastern slopes shows a clear average depression of 50 m. These slopes are affected by higher dynamic wind stress, so have a more disturbed canopy. These altered vegetation structures may be caused mainly by direct wind effects and to a smaller extent by indirect effects, such as high humidit

„Regionalprodukte im Kasten“ – Ablauf und Evaluation eines geographischen Filmseminars in der gymnasialen Oberstufe - Baumann, Christoph; Pfeifer, Günther (Der Bayerische Schulgeograph, 2015)

Regional Yield Forecasts of Maltic Barley by Remote Sensing Data and Ancillary Data - Braun, Matthias; et al. (SPIE Remote Sensing Europe, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.region

Regionen als Soft Spaces? Das neue EU-Instrument der makroregionalen Strategien - Sielker, Franziska; Chilla, Tobias (Bausteine der Regionalentwicklung. Wiesbaden, 2015)

Regolith and soils in Bhutan, Eastern Himalayas. - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (European Journal of Soil Science, 2004)
Bhutan lies at altitudes of 100-7500 m on the steep, long and complex southern slopes of the Eastern Himalayas. Soil surveys show that, despite steep gradients, there are many moderately or deeply weathered soils. Many slopes are mantled with polycyclic, layered drift materials, so soil horizons owe as much to regolith heterogeneity as to pedogenesis. In the limited arable areas soil profiles are further complicated by rice cultivation and the construction, maintenance and irrigation of flat terraces on steep slopes. Some natural pedogenic horizonation is apparent, and there is an altitudinal zonation of soil types. Although the climate is warm and seasonally wet, most soils on the subtropical southern foothills are not particularly weathered and leached. The foothills are seismically active, and many soils are formed in unstable landslide debris. Elsewhere the regoliths are more stable. The main soils up to about 3000 m in the inner valleys are moderately weathered and leached, and have bright subsoil colours and thin dark topsoils. Above these there is a zone of bright orange-coloured non-volcanic andosolic soils. Further upslope there are acid soils with thick surface litter, stagnogleyic topsoils, and drab brown subsoils with organic cutans. These grade to weak podzols, which extend from about 3500 m up to the treeline, around 4000 m. Above this, alpine turf soils, with deep, dark, and friable topsoils and yellowish friable subsoils, are intermixed with unweathered glacial deposits. The interactions between pedogenesis and the deposition of the varied and layered drift materials complicate mapping and classification of the soils.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.regoli

Reisch, Daniela: Wandern für die Seele – Fränkische Schweiz : 20 Wohlfühlwege. Düsseldorf 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Reise durch Bamberg und die Fränkische Schweiz / Bilder von Martin Siepmann. Texte von Ulrike Ratay. Würzburg 2012 - Hübner, Thomas (2012)

Reise ins Weltall. Starnberg 2004 - Hübner, Thomas (2005)

Reise zu den Sternen. Weinheim 2001 - Hübner, Thomas (2001)

Relating canopy reflectance to the vegetation composition of mountainous grasslands in the Greater Caucasus - Magiera, Anja; Feilhauer, Hannes; Otte, Annette; Waldhardt, Rainer; Simmering, Dietmar (Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2013)
Mountainous grassland landscapes increasingly experience modified management and land use, which are often triggered by socio-economic and climate change. Remote-sensing based mapping approaches are needed to monitor gradual changes in grassland composition and biodiversity of remote and inaccessible areas. Hyperspectral remote sensing in combination with regression and ordination techniques is a promising approach to map continuous representations of prominent floristic gradients at the landscape scale. This approach has, however, to date not been tested in alpine environments with difficult terrain. In the present study we tested whether hyperspectral data allows for the differentiation of species-rich grassland types of a subalpine pasture landscape in Georgia, Greater Caucasus. Due to the unavailability of space- or airborne hyperspectral data, we used field-spectrometric in situ data to investigate this potential.We sampled the vegetation of four grassland types (as classified by cluster analysis) using the Braun-Blanquet approach. For these 60 plots we made four measurements of their hyperspectral canopy reflectance (325-1075. nm) on two dates within a seven-day period at biomass peak. Floristic gradients were derived from Non-metric Multi Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination. These gradients were subsequently subjected to Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) to predict NMDS scores from the corresponding canopy reflectance.Cross validated Pearson R values for the PLSR models derived from the four measurements ranged from 0.60 to 0.83. Reflectance data sampled on the same day yielded similar results in the respective models, while temporal transferability within the seven day period was limited.The reflectance values of the significant wavelengths in the best models were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to display the spectral similarity of plots. The congruency between the similarity of species composition (NMDS) and spectral similarity (PCA) was satisfactorily assessed by Procrustes rotation.The floristic gradients in our study were directly related to pronounced biophysical and environmental gradients, which are responsible for differences in the spectral signatures. Our results indicate that hyperspectral data has the potential to differentiate the composition of Caucasian subalpine grassland types and offers multiple opportunities for very detailed vegetation mapping in difficult terrain. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Field spectroscopy; Floristic gradients; Georgia; Hyperspectral; PLSR; Subalpine hay meadows

Relationships between ring width and maximum latewood density – an example from southeast Tibet - Hochreuther, Philipp; Münchow, Jannes; Grießinger, Jussi; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 11: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2012 Scientific Technical Report STR13/05, GFZ Potsdam, 2013)

Relationships between spectral features, iron oxides and colours of surface soils in northern Jordan - Sahwan, Wahib; Lucke, Bernhard; Sprafke, Tobias; Vanselow, Kim; Bäumler, Rupert (European Journal of Soil Science, 2020)
Ground data on spectral characteristics of Jordan's soils remain sparse, which makes the interpretation of remote sensing datasets challenging. These are, however, very useful for predicting soil properties and agricultural suitability. Previous studies have shown that soil colours correlate well with degrees of weathering intensity, as indicated by magnetic parameters and dithionite-extractable iron (Fed) contents along a climosequence in northern Jordan. This study enlarges the database by the results of 160 bulk samples that were collected systematically from the soil surface at 40 locations. In addition to soil colour and contents of Fed, we explore mean soil reflectance spectra (MSRS) measured by analytical spectral devices (ASD) and analyse the morphological conditions of the spectra referring to the effects of iron oxides on spectral behaviours. Results show a high correlation of spectral behaviours and colour variations with Fe oxides, and no correlation with soil organic carbon Corg. The influence of the Fe oxide contents is clearly apparent in the visible range (VIS). The presence of CaCO3 increases the reflectance in all spectral ranges. Six soil groups (Gr. I - Gr. VI) were discerned qualitatively and quantitatively in the study area, which largely mirror the intensity of red colour expressed by redness indices. Highlights: In northwestern Jordan there is an evident connection between the spectral properties, chemistry and soil colour. This study established a preliminary spectral library of soils in NW Jordan to facilitate the use of remote sensing in soil studies. The morphological properties and statistical analysis of the spectral data show that spectra of soils in NW Jordan are dominated by iron oxides. Spectral properties can be used to characterize the soil colours and types of Fe oxides in soils of Jordan.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-06-23
Keywords: ASD laboratory soil spectroscopy; CIELAB colour system; iron oxides; Mediterranean soils; soil colour

Relationships betweenwood formation and cambium phenology on the Tibetan plateau during 1960-2014 - He, Minhui; Yang, Bao; Shishov, Vladimir; Rossi, Sergio; Bräuning, Achim; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Grießinger, Jussi (Forests, 2018)
Keywords: Dendroclimatology; Forest ecosystems; Conifers; Tree-ring; Xylogenesis; Growing season; Growth

Relevance of soils for Gross National Hapiness. Wisdom, GNH, and Destiny of Nations. Seminar on Gross National Happiness - Bäumler, Rupert; et al. (Journal of Bhutan Studies, 2004)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2004.nat.dgeo.IG.profes_1.releva_6

Religion in räumlichen Bezügen denken? Grundzüge und Perspektiven geographischer Religionsforschung - Schmitt, Thomas (Lebendige Seelsorge, 2017)
Kann und soll Religion vom Raum her sinnvoll gedacht werden? Der Beitrag hat das Ziel, einige grundlegende Facetten des Verhältnisses von Raum und Religion aus den Perspektiven der Religionsgeographie oder geographischen Religionsforschung zu beleuchten. Dies geschieht auch vor dem Hintergrund des seit etwa fünfzehn Jahren wieder erwachten Interesses der Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften an "Raumfragen", wie sie mit dem Begriff des Spatial Turn markiert wurden.<br
Keywords: Geographische Religionsforschung; Religionsgeographie

Remotely sensed estimation of vegetation shifts in the polar and alpine tree-line ecotone in Finnish Lapland during the last three decades - Franke, Anna; Feilhauer, Hannes; Bräuning, Achim; Rautio, P.; Braun, Matthias (Forest Ecology and Management, 2019)
Global warming is predicted to affect ecosystems, particularly in high-latitude regions where polar amplification accelerates temperature rise and environmental changes. Here, where plants grow under adverse conditions, a warmer climate provides more favourable conditions for growth and regeneration. At the alpine and polar tree line in Finnish Lapland, rising temperatures are assumed to promote densification and expansion of conifers towards fell tops and treeless boreal heathlands beyond the recent tree-line position. In this study, we analysed vegetation changes in the pine treeline ecotone in six study sites in Finnish Lapland using multi-spectral satellite data during 1984–2017. All of the six sites were established in fell areas, covering the transition from closed forest stands of the lower elevations to the open fell tops beyond the treeline position. The southern sites were located in pine dominated-stands, where treelines were of alpine character. The northern sites were located in the polar treeline ecotone where mountain birch forests already dominate the landscape. We assessed shifts in the vegetation pattern of the fell sites using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a RandomForest land-cover classification as indicators of potential change. We did not find clear trends for advancing coniferous tree lines towards open fell tops or treeless heath vegetation, neither by NDVI change detection nor by the land-cover classification. However, we found evidence for densification of open forest stands and sparse vegetation cover in lower elevations and the expansion of deciduous vegetation in higher elevations of previously vegetation-free or sparsely covered fell tops. Increasing stand density was detected mostly in the southern, pine-dominated sites, while the northern sites indicated increasing biomass near the fell tops. Prominent changes in vegetation patterns originated rather from human impact in the southern sites appearing as recent roads, clear-cuttings or infrastructure constructions in skiing areas. In the northern sites, distinctive changes arose from human impact or from biotic disturbance events such as moth outbreaks defoliating mountain birch stands at site Karigasniemi.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-10-29
Keywords: Climate change; Multi-spectral satellite data; NDVI; Treeline ecotone; Vegetation shifts

Remotely sensed spatial heterogeneity as an exploratory tool for taxonomic and functional diversity studies. - Rocchini, Duccio; Bacaro, Giovanni; Chirici, Gherardo; Da Re, Daniele; Feilhauer, Hannes; Foody, Giles M.; Galluzzi, Marta; Garzon-Lopez, Carol; Gillespie, Thomas; He, Kate S.; Lenoir, Jonathan; Marcantonio, Matteo; et al. (Ecological Indicators, 2018)

Remote Sensing as a tool to visualise land use change and to support environmental education. A case study of North Rhine Westphalia (Germany) in the context of the local Agenda21 process - Braun, Matthias; et al. (Proceedings of the EARSeL Symposium Gent 2003, 2003)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2003.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.remote

Remote sensing data assimilation for regional crop growth modelling - Braun, Matthias; et al. (IGARSS07 Symposium, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.remote_9

Remote Sensing derived glacier facies maps on Engabreen, Norway - Braun, Matthias; et al. (IAHS Publ. 138, 2007)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-02:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.pgfgis.remote

Remote sensing in schools: "The forest as climate saver?!" - An infrared search for traces - Voß, Kerstin; Feilhauer, Hannes; Hodam, Henryk; Goetzke, Roland; Rienow, Andreas (GIS-Business, 2013)

Remote sensing of coastal vegetation: Dealing with high species turnover by mapping multiple floristic gradients - Unberath, Iris; Vanierschot, Laura; Somers, Ben; Van De Kerchove, Ruben; Vanden Borre, Jeroen; Unberath, Mathias; Feilhauer, Hannes (Applied Vegetation Science, 2019)
Aims: Mapping gradual transitions in plant species composition via a combination of ordination and regression from remote sensing data is becoming an established approach. However, straightforward analysis of areas with high species turnover rates may result in a loss of information since a high level of generalization is required. In this study, we investigate whether analysis of more homogeneous subsets, in contrast to processing of the complete dataset, is a viable approach to mapping multiple floristic gradients. Location: The coastal nature reserve “Zwin” (Belgium). Methods: The measured dataset is partitioned into more homogeneous subsets based upon species composition using hierarchical classification. The dataset and subsets are then processed separately. First, ordination is performed to extract floristic gradients in plant species composition; second, these gradients are related to airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data through regression models and mapped by projecting these models on image data. Regression validation and Mantel tests are used to compare the results within the study and to other studies. Results: Hierarchical classification resulted in two homogeneous vegetation subsets. Ordination yielded four gradients in the area and all regression models compared favorably to similar studies in other areas with R² values ranging from 0.47 to 0.74. The Mantel test showed that by dividing the dataset into subsets, higher resemblance to the original vegetation data can be achieved. Conclusion: We showed that mapping gradual transitions in plant species composition across multiple subsets sampled from one measured vegetation dataset is a promising approach for retrospective analysis of areas with high species turnover rates. In addition to potential improvements in performance, this complementary analysis enables mapping of additional gradients, suggesting that all conventionally predicted maps remain available, valuable, and necessary for thorough understanding of plant species composition.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2019-08-06
Keywords: airborne; detrended correspondence analysis; dune; grassland; high species turnover; hyperspectral; imaging spectroscopy; isopam; Partial Least Squares Regression; salt marsh

Remote sensing of glacier and ice sheet grounding lines: A review - Friedl, Peter; Fluhrer, Antje; Weiser, S.; Braun, Matthias (Earth-Science Reviews, 2020)
The precise positioning and long-term monitoring of the grounding line, forming the boundary between grounded and floating ice of marine ice sheets and tidewater glaciers, is critical for assessing ice sheet/glacier stability, ice sheet/glacier mass balance calculations and numerical ice modelling. However, mapping of the grounding line is a challenging task, since it is a subglacial and transient feature. Remote sensing techniques do not map the grounding line directly but locate surface features in the grounding zone that serve as proxies for the true grounding line position. The large variety of methods, products and publications, as well as an inconsistent use of terminology additionally complicate the topic. We present the first detailed review of existing remote sensing techniques and data for grounding line mapping. Benefits and limitations of the different techniques and data sources are discussed and illustrated with examples. We identify a present tradeoff between accuracy and both spatial coverage and temporal resolution of the derived grounding line products. Rather new methods like Sentinel-1-SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Differential Range Offset Tracking (DROT) and Pseudo Crossover Radar Altimetry (PCRA) offer the potential for recent measurements and to fill gaps in some areas. Nevertheless, there is a high demand of new spaceborne radar sensors that provide time series of very short repeat pass data to enable regular grounding line monitoring with most accurate Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) on a continental scal

Remote sensing of glacier and ice sheet grounding lines: A review - Friedl, Peter; Weiser, Frank; Fluhrer, Anke; Braun, Matthias (Earth-Science Reviews, 2019)

Remote sensing of scattered natura 2000 habitats using a one-class classifier - Stenzel, Stefanie; Feilhauer, Hannes; Mack, Benjamin; Metz, Annekatrin; Schmidtlein, Sebastian (International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2014)
Mapping of habitats with relevance for nature conservation involves the identification of patches oftarget habitats in a complex mosaic of vegetation types not relevant for conservation planning. Limitingthe necessary ground reference to a small sample of target habitats would greatly reduce and thereforesupport the field mapping effort. We thus aim to answer in this study the question: can semi-automatedremote sensing methods help to map such patches without the need of ground references from sites notrelevant for nature conservation? Approaches able to fulfill this task may help to improve the efficiencyof large scale mapping and monitoring programs such as requested for the European Habitat Directive.In the present study, we used the maximum-entropy based classification approach Maxent to map fourhabitat types across a patchy landscape of 1000 kmnear Munich, Germany. This task was conductedusing the low number of 125 ground reference points only along with easily available multi-seasonalRapidEye satellite imagery. Encountered problems include the non-stationarity of habitat reflectancedue to different phenological development across space, continuous transitions between the habitatsand the need for improved methods for detailed validation.The result of the tested approach is a habitat map with an overall accuracy of 70%. The rather simpleand affordable approach can thus be recommended for a first survey of previously unmapped areas, asa tool for identifying potential gaps in existing habitat inventories and as a first check for changes in thedistribution of habitats. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Habitat types; Maxent; Multispectral remote sensing; Natura 2000; Nature conservation; One-class classification

Remote sensing of vegetation for nature conservation - Schmidtlein, Sebastian; Faude, Ulrike; Stenzel, Stefanie; Feilhauer, Hannes (Springer International Publishing, 2014)

Renzension von: Everts, Jonathan 2008: Konsum und Multikulturalität im Stadtteil. Eine sozialgeographische Analyse migrantengeführter Lebensmittelgeschäfte. transcript Verlag: Bielefeld. - Elrick, Tim (2015)

Reply to Weiss: Tree-ring stable oxygen isotopes suggest an increase in Asian monsoon rainfall at 4.2 ka BP - Yang, Bao; Qin, Chun; Bräuning, Achim; Osborn, Timothy J.; Trouet, Valerie; Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier; Esper, Jan; Schneider, Lea; Grießinger, Jussi; Büntgen, Ulf; Rossi, Sergio; Dong, Guanghui; et al. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022)
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2022-05-27

Representing moisture fluxes and phase changes in glacier debris cover using a reservoir approach - Collier, Sarah; Nicholson, L. I.; Brock, Benjamin; Maussion, Fabien; Essery, Richard; Bush, A. B. G. (Cryosphere, 2014)

Reproduktion sozialräumlicher Differenzierungen in OpenStreetMap: das Beispiel Jerusalems - Bittner, Christian (Kartographische Nachrichten, 2014)
Keywords: OpenStreetMap; Volunteered Geographic Information; Geoweb; Kartographie; Jerusalem

Residential mobility of refugees in rural areas of Southeastern Germany. Structural contexts as influencing factors. - Weidinger, Tobias (Processes of Immigration in Rural Europe, 2018)
Keywords: Migration; Mobility; Integration; Refugees; rural areas; Bavaria

Resources are not everything, and what is a household? A critique of common approaches to analyzing livelihoods - Geiselhart, Klaus (African Geographical Review, 2016)
Studies on livelihoods have frequently focused on the household, surveying the assets available to households as the means of their subsistence. However, such studies make two assumptions which must be critically questioned: first, that those people who live in a house by nature are interested in developing a collaborative economic unit with their cohabitees; and second, that all the resources available to the household are in fact made use of. Neither of these assumptions can be taken as indisputably given. The economic cooperation of individuals is strongly shaped by cultural values, although these values often dissolve in the face of growing individualism. Further factors of societal transformation make traditional economic activities appear unprofitable or unattractive, with no successfully proven alternatives having been handed down. Individuals react in varying ways to the factors that influence these transformations. A wide range of attitudes to life has emerged, which often lead to the disintegration of traditional household structures. Most geographical research in many sub-Saharan African livelihoods contexts has yet to take these transformations into account.
Keywords: Livelihoods; household; resources; economic collaboration

Responses of nitrogen and carbon deposition rates in Comau Fjord (42°S, southern Chile) to natural and anthropogenic impacts during the last century - Mayr, Christoph; Rebolledo, Lorena; Schulte, Katharina; Schuster, Astrid; Zolitschka, Bernd; Försterra, Günter; Häussermann, Verena (Continental Shelf Research, 2014)

Responses of testate amoebae assemblages (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) to recent volcanic eruptions, inferred from the sediment record in Laguna Verde, southern Patagonia, Argentina - Charqueno-Celis, Fernanda; Sigala, Itzel; Zolitschka, Bernd; Perez, Liseth; Mayr, Christoph; Massaferro, Julieta (Journal of Paleolimnology, 2021)
There is little knowledge about testate amoebae in lakes and their responses to volcanic eruptions. To address this knowledge gap, we studied the paleoecology of these protists in a sediment record from Laguna Verde, a lake located east of the southern Patagonian Ice Field, in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. The lake is under the influence of volcanic eruptions from Lautaro Volcano, Chile, similar to 42 km WNW of Laguna Verde. We evaluated the response of 11 testate amoeba morphospecies in the lake to the last four Lautaro eruptions, using a 61-cm sediment core. Calcium (Ca), a major element of volcanic ash, was the most important variable explaining testate amoeba variability in the three zones determined by detretended correspondence analysis. We identified four declines in testate amoeba abundance and diversity associated with tephra deposition. Poisson regression analysis revealed that Difflugia immanata, D. bidens, and D. glans strain "glans" decrease after deposition of tephra layers. In contrast, Centropyxis constricta strain "constricta," C. aculeata strain "aculeata" and Zivkovicia compressa respond positively to ash deposition. Our findings suggest a high resilience of testate amoebae to stochastic events such as volcanism because the same assemblage (D. immanata, D. bidens, and D. glans strain "glans") inhabited the lake before and after the ashfalls. Nevertheless, several volcanic eruptions during the last similar to 300 years may have weakened this resilience and had a long-term effect on community diversity. Multivariate analysis showed that potassium (K) plays a significant role in shaping assemblage composition. Because of the low K content of the Lautaro tephra, we infer that higher potassium concentrations in sediments are not related with volcanic events, but rather, are associated with terrestrial input. Future studies, however, will be needed to identify the source of K in the sediment record and its relationship with testate amoebae assemblages. Our study demonstrates the potential for using lacustrine testate amoebae as environmental proxies, and illustrates the direct effects of volcanic ash deposition on their assemblage composition, diversity and distribution in southern Patagonia.
CRIS-Team WoS Importer:2021-12-03

Response to the European Consultation on the Future of the Europe 2020 Strategy - Böhme, Kai; Gustedt, Evelyn; Finka, Maros; Schön, Karl Peter; Sielker, Franziska; Zillmer, Sabine (2014)

Results from the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment Phase 2 (ITMIX2) - Farinotti, Daniel; Brinkerhoff, Douglas J.; Fürst, Johannes; Gantayat, Prateek; Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien; Huss, Matthias; Leclercq, Paul W.; Maurer, Hansruedi; Morlighem, Mathieu; Pandit, Ankur; Rabatel, Antoine; Ramsankaran, R. A. A. J.; et al. (Frontiers in Earth Science, 2021)
Knowing the ice thickness distribution of a glacier is of fundamental importance for a number of applications, ranging from the planning of glaciological fieldwork to the assessments of future sea-level change. Across spatial scales, however, this knowledge is limited by the paucity and discrete character of available thickness observations. To obtain a spatially coherent distribution of the glacier ice thickness, interpolation or numerical models have to be used. Whilst the first phase of the Ice Thickness Models Intercomparison eXperiment (ITMIX) focused on approaches that estimate such spatial information from characteristics of the glacier surface alone, ITMIX2 sought insights for the capability of the models to extract information from a limited number of thickness observations. The analyses were designed around 23 test cases comprising both real-world and synthetic glaciers, with each test case comprising a set of 16 different experiments mimicking possible scenarios of data availability. A total of 13 models participated in the experiments. The results show that the inter-model variability in the calculated local thickness is high, and that for unmeasured locations, deviations of 16% of the mean glacier thickness are typical (median estimate, three-quarters of the deviations within 37% of the mean glacier thickness). This notwithstanding, limited sets of ice thickness observations are shown to be effective in constraining the mean glacier thickness, demonstrating the value of even partial surveys. Whilst the results are only weakly affected by the spatial distribution of the observations, surveys that preferentially sample the lowest glacier elevations are found to cause a systematic underestimation of the thickness in several models. Conversely, a preferential sampling of the thickest glacier parts proves effective in reducing the deviations. The response to the availability of ice thickness observations is characteristic to each approach and varies across models. On average across models, the deviation between modeled and observed thickness increase by 8.5% of the mean ice thickness every time the distance to the closest observation increases by a factor of 10. No single best model emerges from the analyses, confirming the added value of using model ensembles.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-02-26
Keywords: glaciers; ice caps; ice thickness; intercomparison; modeling

Rethinking Excursions - Konzepte und praktiken einer konstruktivistisch orientierten Exkursionsdidaktik - Dickel, Mirka; Glasze, Georg (LIT-Verlag, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-05-08:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.vielpe_1

Rethinking Excursions - Konzepte und Praktiken einer konstruktivistisch orientierten Exkursionsdidaktik - Dickel, Mirka; Glasze, Georg (Vielperspektivität und Teilnehmerzentrierung - Richtungsweiser der Exkursionsdidatik, 2009)
UnivIS-Import:2015-04-20:Pub.2009.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDK.rethin

Revisiting extreme precipitation amounts over southern South America and implications for the Patagonian Icefields - Sauter, Tobias (Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2020)
Patagonia is thought to be one of the wettest regions on Earth, although available regional precipitation estimates vary considerably. This uncertainty complicates understanding and quantifying the observed environmental changes, such as glacier recession, biodiversity decline in fjord ecosystems and enhanced net primary production. The Patagonian Icefields, for example, are one of the largest contributors to sea-level rise outside the polar regions, and robust hydroclimatic projections are needed to understand and quantify current and future mass changes. The reported projections of precipitation from numerical modelling studies tend to overestimate those from in situ determinations, and the plausibility of these numbers has never been carefully scrutinized, despite the significance of this topic to our understanding of observed environmental changes. Here I use simple physical arguments and a linear model to test the plausibility of the current precipitation estimates and its impact on the Patagonian Icefields. The results show that environmental conditions required to sustain a mean precipitation amount exceeding <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">6.09±0.64 m yr<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">-1 are untenable according to the regional moisture flux. The revised precipitation values imply a significant reduction in the surface mass balance of the Patagonian Icefields compared to previously reported values. This yields a new perspective on the response of Patagonia's glaciers to climate change and their sea-level contribution and might also help reduce uncertainties in the change of other precipitation-driven environmental phenomena..
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2020-05-12

Revolution ohne Kiel und ohne Revolution – Die quantitativ-theoretische Geographie in Erlangen - Paulus, Katharina (Geographica Helvetica, 2017)

Rezension zu Bruijnzeel, L.A., Scatena, F.N., Hamilton L.S. 2010: "Tropical Montane Cloud Forests". - Peters, Thorsten (Erdkunde, 2010)
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2010.nat.dgeo.IG.zentr.rezens

Riedel, Barbara: 52 kleine & große Eskapaden in Oberfranken : ab nach draußen! Ostfildern 2023 - Hübner, Thomas (2023)

Riedel, Barbara: 52 kleine & große Eskapaden Spessart und Odenwald : ab nach draußen! Ostfildern 2021 - Hübner, Thomas (2021)

Ring width and vessel lumen area of Fagus sylvatica in years with spring and summer drought - Meinardus, Cathrin; Quack, Kim; Raffelsbauer, Volker; Bräuning, Achim (TRACE - Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology, Vol. 14: Proceedings of the DENDROSYMPOSIUM 2015 Scientific Technical Report 16/04, GFZ Potsdam, 2016)

Ring-width chronologies of the alpine dwarf shrub Empetrum hermaphroditum from the Norwegian Mountains - Bär, Annette; Bräuning, Achim; Löffler, Jörg (Iawa Journal, 2007)
In this study, we present the first ring-width chronologies of the dwarf shrub species Empetrum hermaphroditum. For a proper synchronization of the growth rings, serial sectioning was applied in order to deal with the high internal growth variability and the high proportion of discontinuous rings. The plants were collected from three micro-sites in the middle alpine belt of the Norwegian Scandes which differed regarding solar insolation, snow accumulation and wind exposure. The constructed ring-width chronologies cover a period of max. 80 years. Irrespective of microclimatic differences, the chronologies are highly correlated among each other and with temperatures during the growth period (June-August). However, ecological differences between the micro-sites are reflected by the mean annual growth increments of the plants. We compared the Empetrum chronologies with a ring-width chronology of Betula pubescens trees from the local tree line. Despite the differences in life form and local site conditions, the growth patterns are very similar, an observation which underscores the dominant influence of temperature on growth-ring formation. Due to the strong climatic signal recorded in the growth curves of E. hermaphroditum, this dwarf shrub provides a significant potential for climate-growth studies in arctic and alpine regions beyond the tree line.
UnivIS-Import:2015-03-09:Pub.2007.nat.dgeo.IG.LGIPDT.ringwi
Keywords: Arctic and alpine research; Climate-growth relationships; Dendroecology; Norway; Scandes; Serial-sectioning method

Ring widths of Rhododendron shrubs reveal a persistent winter warming in the central Himalaya - Panthi, Shankar; Fan, Ze Xin; Bräuning, Achim (Dendrochronologia, 2021)
Himalayan Mountains provide unique opportunities for the extension of shrub-ring based dendroclimatology beyond the upper tree limit. However, little is known about limiting climate factors of shrub growth under harsh environmental conditions. We established a new ring-width chronology of a Himalayan shrub rhododendron (Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don) at the upper Krummholz treeline in the Mt. Gaurishankar massif, central Himalaya, Nepal. Bootstrapped correlation analysis showed positive relationships between radial growth and temperatures of all months from previous November to current October. Correlations were the highest with winter (December-February) minimum temperature (r = 0.781, p < 0.001), indicating that radial growth of R. campanulatum is strongly sensitive to winter minimum temperature. The linear regression model explained 61 % of the actual winter minimum temperature variance during the calibration period 1960–2013. Periods of low and high minimum winter temperatures in the central Himalaya were consistent with cool and warm episodes found by other regional winter temperature reconstructions from the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. Spatial correlation analysis with land surface temperatures revealed the spatial representativeness of our reconstruction for a larger geographical territory over the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, winter temperature in the central Himalaya is teleconnected with the December-February India-Burma trough. The persistent increasing winter temperature in recent decades in the central Himalaya coincides with continental-scale warming. Alpine vegetation in humid regions of the Himalayas may benefit from winter warming via an earlier start and extension of the growing season, as long as moisture availability is sufficient.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2021-01-08
Keywords: Central Himalaya; Climate change; Dendroclimatology; Rhododendron campanulatum; Shrub rings; Winter temperature

Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for climate change and forest ecology - Huang, Ru; Xu, Chenxi; Grießinger, Jussi; Feng, Xiaoyu; Zhu, Haifeng; Bräuning, Achim (Journal of Forestry Research, 2024)
Analyses of stable isotopes (C, O, H) in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs. The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive review. This study includes a bibliometric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope research. Overall, 1475 publications were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection for 1974–2023. The findings are that: (1) numbers of annual publications and citations increased since 1974. From 1974 to 1980, there were around two relevant publications per year. However, from 2020 to 2022, this rose sharply to 109 publications per year. Likewise, average article citations were less than four per year before 1990, but were around four per article per year after 2000; (2) the major subjects using tree ring stable isotopes include forestry, geosciences, and environmental sciences, contributing to 42.5% of the total during 1974–2023; (3) the top three most productive institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences (423), the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (227), and the University of Arizona (204). These achievements result from strong collaborations; (4) review papers, for example, (Dawson et al., Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:507–559, 2002) and (McCarroll and Loader, Quat Sci Rev 23:771–801, 2004), are among the most cited, with more than 1000 citations; (5) tree ring stable isotope studies mainly focus on climatology and ecology, with atmospheric CO2 one of the most popular topics. Since 2010, precipitation and drought have received increasing attention. Based on this analysis, the research stages, key findings, debated issues, limitations and directions for future research are summarized. This study serves as an important attempt to understand the progress on the use of stable isotopes in tree rings, providing scientific guidance for young researchers in this field.
CRIS-Team Scopus Importer:2023-12-15
Keywords: Bibliometric; Stable isotopes; Tree rings; Web of Science

Rivalling Disaster Experiences. The Case of the Seismo-Volcanic Crisis of El Hierro, Canary Islands - Orlowski, Benedikt Marko (Transcript, 2021)
People experience disasters very differently. Conflicts about a »correct« interpretation of the risks might arise. The side-by-side of different truths lead to people seeing mismanagement and disinformation. The volcanic crisis of El Hierro shows how rivalling interpretations amongst affected islanders, the media, sciences, and disaster response institutions cause great social tensions and scepticism towards scientific information. Thus, to fully understand disaster risk, the focus must shift to the rifts between established convictions and the individuals' creativity to overcome them, taking into account their embeddedness in various fields of practice, each with their own rationales and rupture
Keywords: Disasters; Culture; Media; Crisis; Risk; Disaster Mitigation; Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR); Nature; Human; Civil Society; Cultural Geography; Human Ecology; Environmental Policy; Geography

Robust Change Vector Analysis (RCVA) for multi-sensor very high resolution optical satellite data. - Thonfeld, Frank; Feilhauer, Hannes; Braun, Matthias; Menz, Gunther (International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2016)